Brain and Language最新文献_第3页

Editorial: Developmental Language Disorder in Chinese 中文发展性语言障碍。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105686

Li Sheng , Anita Mei-Yin Wong

引用次数: 0

The influence of L2 proficiency on orthographic coding flexibility is not a linear pattern: The role of orthographic regularity 二语熟练程度对正字法编码灵活性的影响不是线性模式，而是正字法规则的作用。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105699

Fengjiao Cong , Siyi Jiang , Changze Zhao , Baoguo Chen

Orthographic coding serves as a foundation underlying word recognition in both first language (L1) and second language (L2) processing. However, empirical research examining how orthographic coding of L2 words, particularly letter position encoding, changes with increasing L2 proficiency remains scarce and inconsistent. Given that L1 research has shown that orthographic regularities shape letter position encoding, the current study aims to investigate whether orthographic regularities (Position Entropy) modulate the change in flexible letter encoding as L2 proficiency increases. Two groups of Chinese-English bilinguals with varying levels of English proficiency participated in a lexical decision task using ERP technology. Analyses of ERP data (P250, N400) indicate that the orthographic regularity of the L2 system influences the degree to which flexibility in orthographic encoding varies as a function of L2 proficiency. Specifically, for L2 words with less uncertainty in letter position distribution (more consistent with the orthographic regularity, indexed by low Position Entropy), the flexibility in orthographic coding increases with L2 proficiency, while for L2 words with high uncertainty in letter position distribution (less consistent with the orthographic regularity, indexed by high Position Entropy), the flexibility in letter coding decreases with language proficiency. Incorporating orthographic regularities into models of orthographic encoding provides a compelling theoretical framework, particularly in the context of L2 word recognition, as it helps clarify how flexibility in letter-position encoding changes with increasing L2 proficiency.

正字法编码是第一语言（L1）和第二语言（L2）处理中单词识别的基础。然而，关于二语单词正字法编码，特别是字母位置编码如何随着二语熟练程度的提高而变化的实证研究仍然很少，也不一致。鉴于母语研究表明，正字法规则影响字母位置编码，本研究旨在探讨正字法规则（位置熵）是否会随着二语熟练程度的提高而调节灵活字母编码的变化。两组英语水平不同的中英双语者使用ERP技术参与词汇决策任务。对ERP数据（P250, N400）的分析表明，二语系统的正字法规律性影响了二语熟练程度对正字法编码灵活性的影响。具体而言，对于字母位置分布不确定性较小（更符合正字法规则，以低位置熵为指标）的二语词汇，正字法编码的灵活性随着二语熟练程度的提高而增加，而对于字母位置分布不确定性较大（更不符合正字法规则，以高位置熵为指标）的二语词汇，字母编码的灵活性随着语言熟练程度的提高而降低。将正字法规则纳入正字法编码模型提供了一个引人注目的理论框架，特别是在二语单词识别的背景下，因为它有助于阐明字母位置编码的灵活性如何随着二语熟练程度的提高而变化。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of individual differences in language experience on lexical stress cue-weighting: native and non-native listeners 语言经验的个体差异对词汇重音线索权重的影响：母语和非母语听者

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105674

Annie C. Gilbert , Claire T. Honda , Louis Friedland-Yust , Cassandra Sorin , Shari R. Baum

Learning to process the prosody of a second language can be challenging, particularly when the languages present different prosodic structures, as is the case for English and French. Although previous studies suggested that French listeners are unable to process lexical stress, more recent work suggests that they can, although they might assign a different weight to F0 and duration as stress cues compared to native listeners. To determine if this is the case, forty-two English-French bilinguals participated in two experiments investigating the impact of individual differences in language experience on F0 and duration weight when perceiving lexical stress. Interestingly, participants’ language experience could predict the weight assigned to F0 and duration as cues to lexical stress in the behavioral task from Experiment 1, but not the event-related potentials of Experiment 2. Together, these results suggest that prosodic learning involves learning to assign the (language-specific) appropriate weight to non-language-specific acoustic-prosodic cues.

学习处理第二语言的韵律是具有挑战性的，特别是当两种语言呈现不同的韵律结构时，就像英语和法语的情况一样。尽管之前的研究表明，法语听众无法处理词汇重音，但最近的研究表明，他们可以，尽管与母语听众相比，他们可能对F0和持续时间作为重音线索的权重不同。为了确定这种情况是否属实，42名英法双语者参加了两个实验，调查在感知词汇重读时，语言经验的个体差异对F0和持续时间权重的影响。有趣的是，参与者的语言经验可以预测实验1中F0的权重和作为词汇压力线索的持续时间，但不能预测实验2的事件相关电位。总之，这些结果表明韵律学习包括学习为非语言特定的声学韵律线索分配适当的权重（特定于语言）。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid integration of speaker accent during morphosyntactic processing 形态句法加工过程中说话人口音的快速整合

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105673

Rebecca Holt , Carmen Kung , Elaine Schmidt , Katherine Demuth

Listeners take multiple sources of information into account when processing spoken language. This includes the speaker’s accent, which affects the on-line processing of many aspects of language, including morphosyntax. This study investigated listeners’ neural responses to subject-verb agreement errors in native vs. Mandarin-accented English. The error types differed in typicality: Errors of omission, but not errors of commission, are frequently produced by Mandarin-accented English speakers. Different error types elicited different neural responses in native vs. foreign-accented speech. Errors of omission elicited a P600 in native speech and no response in foreign-accented speech, while errors of commission elicited an N400 in native speech and a sustained negativity, beginning before the overt violation, in foreign-accented speech. This illustrates the influence of speaker accent on morphosyntactic processing and suggests that, while listeners are sensitive to error typicality, factors such as the perceptual salience of the violation may also affect neural responses.

听者在处理口语时考虑到多种信息来源。这包括说话者的口音，它会影响语言的许多方面的在线加工，包括词法。本研究调查了听者在母语英语和普通话口音英语中对主动一致错误的神经反应。错误类型在典型性上有所不同：以普通话为口音的英语使用者经常犯省略错误，而不是委托错误。不同的错误类型在母语和外语口音中引起不同的神经反应。在本族语中，省略的错误引起了P600，在外国口音中没有反应，而在外国口音中，委托的错误引起了本族语中的N400，并在公开违反之前开始持续的否定。这说明了说话者重音对形态句法加工的影响，并表明，虽然听者对错误典型性很敏感，但违反的感知显著性等因素也可能影响神经反应。

引用次数: 0

Predictability effects in the processing of negation: an ERP study 否定加工的可预测性效应：一项ERP研究

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105675

Sara Farshchi, Carita Paradis

To examine whether processing of negated meanings is facilitated in highly predictable contexts and proceeds incrementally rather than with a delay, we asked participants to read highly constraining sentences containing negated adjectives (e.g., awake/responding/commercial) that were either strongly expected in a high-cloze condition (awake), weakly expected in a low-cloze condition (responding), or contextually inappropriate in a semantic violation condition (commercial). In accordance with findings for affirmative sentences, a smaller N400 was elicited for the high-cloze condition than for the low-cloze one, and for the low-cloze condition than the violation condition. The smaller N400 for the high-cloze condition suggests facilitated processing for strongly expected continuations. Furthermore, in the post-N400 time-windows, two distinct post-N400 positivities (PNPs) were elicited for the two weakly expected and unexpected continuations compared to strongly expected continuations. Firstly, a larger anterior PNP was observed for weakly expecting, but plausible, continuations in the low-cloze condition, suggesting inhibitory processes suppressing initial predictions to allow for the integration of the new information. Secondly, a larger posterior PNP was observed for unexpected and implausible, continuations in the violation condition, indexing contextual integration difficulties. Together, these findings suggest that negation can be processed incrementally in highly constraining contexts where predictions can be made, engaging similar neural mechanisms as predictive processing in affirmative sentences in such contexts. In sum, our results are consistent with previous ERP research on prediction processing in both affirmative and negated contexts but inconsistent with previous research using behavioral methods.

为了检验在高度可预测的语境中否定意义的加工是否更容易，并且是渐进的而不是延迟的，我们要求参与者阅读包含否定形容词的高度限制性句子（例如，清醒/回应/商业），这些句子在高完形条件下（清醒）被强烈期望，在低完形条件下（回应）被弱期望，或者在语义违背条件下（商业）在语境上不合适。与肯定句的结果一致，高完形条件的N400比低完形条件的要小，低完形条件的N400比违规条件的要小。高完闭条件下较小的N400表明对强烈期望的继续的处理更容易。此外，在n400后的时间窗中，弱期望和非期望的两种延续与强期望的延续相比，产生了两个不同的n400后正性（PNPs）。首先，在低完形条件下，对于弱预期但可信的继续，观察到更大的前PNP，这表明抑制过程抑制了最初的预测，以允许新信息的整合。其次，对于意外和不可信的违规条件下的延续，索引上下文整合困难，观察到更大的后验PNP。总之，这些发现表明，否定可以在高度约束的环境中逐步处理，在这种环境中可以做出预测，涉及与肯定句预测处理相似的神经机制。综上所述，我们的研究结果与以往ERP在肯定和否定情境下的预测加工研究结果一致，但与以往使用行为方法的研究结果不一致。

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引用次数: 0

Individual differences in perception of prosody in Mandarin-accented speech are linked to pitch perception, melody memory, musical training, and neural encoding of sound 普通话口音语音中韵律感知的个体差异与音高感知、旋律记忆、音乐训练和声音的神经编码有关。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105689

Amir Hossein Ghooch Kanloo , Magdalena Kachlicka , Kazuya Saito , Adam Tierney

There are large differences across individuals in the ability to perceive foreign-accented speech, and the sources of this variability are poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in auditory processing help drive variability in accented speech perception. We asked L1 English speakers to perceive prosodic features in Mandarin-accented English. Individuals who could precisely discriminate pitch and accurately remember melodic sequences, and who placed more emphasis on pitch information during prosodic categorization, were better able to perceive Mandarin-accented speech. Individuals with more musical training also demonstrated enhanced Mandarin-accented speech perception. Finally, we found that better Mandarin-accented speech perception was linked to more robust neural encoding of speech harmonics. These findings suggest that the precision of sound perception and robustness of memory for sound sequences are major factors driving variability in accented speech perception, and so auditory training could potentially help remediate poor perception of accented speech.

在感知外国口音的能力上，个体之间存在很大差异，而这种差异的来源却鲜为人知。在这里，我们测试了一个假设，即听觉处理的个体差异有助于驱动口音语音感知的变化。我们要求母语为英语的人感知普通话口音英语的韵律特征。能够准确区分音高并准确记住旋律序列的个体，以及在韵律分类过程中更加强调音高信息的个体，能够更好地感知普通话口音。接受更多音乐训练的人也表现出更强的普通话口音语音感知能力。最后，我们发现更好的普通话口音语音感知与更强大的语音谐波神经编码有关。这些研究结果表明，声音感知的准确性和对声音序列的记忆的稳健性是导致口音语音感知变化的主要因素，因此听觉训练可能有助于纠正口音语音的不良感知。

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引用次数: 0

Word selection, concreteness and brain lateralization 词汇选择，具体和大脑侧化。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105659

Jiayi Zhao , Yuting Zhao , Xuanci Zheng , Xuan Wang , Ziwen Ning , Yishu Chen , Hongfei Ji , Jie Li , Jie Zhuang

Semantic control enables context-dependent retrieval of meaning by resolving competition among semantic alternatives. While previous research has implicated left frontal and temporal areas in this process, the dissociation between semantic selection and semantic competition, especially in the domain of written Chinese and across concrete vs. abstract words, remains unclear. Using a parametric modulation fMRI design and a semantic triad task in Mandarin Chinese, we manipulated cue-target and cue-distractor semantic similarity to independently assess selection and competition demands. Activation patterns and functional connectivity were examined across concrete and abstract word conditions. Semantic selection engaged widespread, left-lateralized control and integration networks, while competition primarily activated bilateral superior frontal and insular cortices associated with domain-general conflict monitoring. Word concreteness significantly modulated both processes: concrete word retrieval engaged perceptual and episodic memory systems, whereas abstract word retrieval relied on left inferior frontal and temporal systems. Connectivity analyses showed task- and stimulus-specific modulation of LMFG-RIPL and LMFG-RITG interactions, although these patterns did not survive FDR correction. Semantic selection and competition are functionally dissociable yet dynamically modulated by lexical-semantic features such as concreteness. These findings refine our understanding of the neurocognitive architecture of semantic control.

语义控制通过解决语义选择之间的竞争，使上下文依赖的意义检索成为可能。虽然先前的研究表明左额叶和颞叶区域参与了这一过程，但语义选择和语义竞争之间的分离，特别是在书面汉语领域和具体与抽象词汇之间的分离，仍然不清楚。利用参数调制fMRI设计和汉语语义三联任务，我们操纵线索-目标和线索-分心物的语义相似性来独立评估选择和竞争需求。在具体词和抽象词条件下研究了激活模式和功能连接。语义选择涉及广泛的左侧控制和整合网络，而竞争主要激活与领域一般冲突监测相关的双侧额叶上部和岛叶皮层。词的具体性显著地调节了这两个过程：具体的词检索涉及知觉和情景记忆系统，而抽象的词检索依赖于左额叶下叶和颞叶系统。连通性分析显示LMFG-RIPL和LMFG-RITG相互作用的任务特异性和刺激特异性调节，尽管这些模式无法在FDR校正后存活。语义选择和竞争在功能上是可分离的，但又受到词汇语义特征（如具体性）的动态调节。这些发现完善了我们对语义控制的神经认知结构的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Development of the N400 in infancy 婴儿期N400的发育

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105657

Linda Forssman, Agnes Vallberg

In this longitudinal EEG study, we examined the developmental trajectory of the N400 component using a word-picture mismatch-paradigm in 18 infants at 10 and 12 months of age. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded and analyzed in three consecutive time windows (400–600 ms, 600–800 ms, 800–1000 ms post-stimulus). At 10 months, a significant N400-like effect occurred (400–600 ms) but diminished by 12 months, potentially due to developmental changes or increased stimuli familiarity. No significant correlation emerged between N400 amplitude and parental reports of receptive vocabulary. These results imply that the N400 effect is present already in infancy.

在这项纵向脑电图研究中，我们使用单词-图片不匹配范式考察了18名10和12月龄婴儿N400成分的发展轨迹。在刺激后400 ~ 600 ms、600 ~ 800 ms、800 ~ 1000 ms三个连续时间窗记录并分析事件相关电位（ERPs）。在10个月时，出现了显著的n400样效应（400-600 ms），但在12个月时减弱，可能是由于发育变化或刺激熟悉度增加。N400振幅与父母的接受性词汇报告没有显著相关。这些结果表明N400效应在婴儿期就已经存在了。

引用次数: 0

The longitudinal interplay of print exposure and auditory brain responses in the prediction of reading skills 印刷品暴露与听觉脑反应在阅读技能预测中的纵向相互作用。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105671

Ariane Tretow , Daria Khanolainen , Jarmo Hämäläinen , Minna Torppa , Paavo H.T. Leppänen

Auditory brain responses’ longitudinal interplay with print exposure and their predictive effects on reading skills were examined in a sample followed from age 4 to 10 years. Print exposure was represented by parent–child shared reading and children’s independent print exposure, whereas speech and non-speech stimuli were used to evoke brain responses (N250). We also examined the roles of familial risk (parental dyslexia) and parental education in the path models. The results suggested significant links between print exposure and brain responses to speech. A reciprocal association existed between independent print exposure and brain responses to speech, whereas unidirectional path was found from non-speech brain responses to independent print exposure. Independent print exposure in turn predicted subsequent reading fluency. Increased Parent-child shared reading at the onset of formal literacy schooling was associated with more negative brain responses to speech stimuli. Family risk for dyslexia predicted poorer reading accuracy and fluency, and the effect did not run via print exposure or brain responses. These results suggest significant longitudinal associations between brain responses to auditory stimuli, print exposure, and reading outcomes implicating evidence for the brain-environment association. The precise underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

在4岁至10岁的样本中，研究人员检查了听觉大脑反应与印刷品接触的纵向相互作用及其对阅读技能的预测作用。印刷品暴露表现为亲子共享阅读和儿童独立印刷品暴露，而言语和非言语刺激则用来唤起大脑反应（N250）。我们还研究了家庭风险（父母阅读障碍）和父母教育在路径模型中的作用。研究结果表明，接触印刷品与大脑对言语的反应之间存在显著联系。独立的印刷品暴露与大脑对言语的反应之间存在反向关系，而非言语的大脑对独立印刷品暴露的反应存在单向关系。独立的印刷品暴露反过来预测了随后的阅读流畅性。在正式的识字教育开始时，亲子共同阅读的增加与大脑对言语刺激的消极反应有关。患有阅读障碍的家庭风险预示着较差的阅读准确性和流畅性，而且这种影响并不通过印刷品或大脑反应来体现。这些结果表明，大脑对听觉刺激、印刷品暴露和阅读结果的反应之间存在显著的纵向关联，为大脑-环境关联提供了证据。确切的潜在机制需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Perturbing the pathway: The impact of lollipops and lidocaine on supramarginal gyrus activity during silent reading tasks 干扰通路：棒棒糖和利多卡因在默读任务中对边缘上回活动的影响

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105672

Mitchell Holmes , Daniel Aalto , Dev Patel , Amberley Ostevik , Caroline C. Jeffery , Jacqueline Cummine

Introduction

The effects of auditory perturbations on reading performance are well studied, but somatosensory perturbations are less understood. Recent research shows oral sensory perturbations (stimulation and anesthesia) improve reading performance in typical readers, though their neural impacts are unclear. This exploratory clinical study investigates how mouth perturbations affect supramarginal gyrus activity during silent reading in a group of typical readers.

Methods

30 English-proficient adults completed orthographic and phonological lexical decision tasks under three conditions: no perturbation, sensory stimulation (lollipop in the mouth), and sensory anesthesia (lidocaine solution swished in the mouth). Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure cortical hemodynamic responses of the supramarginal gyrus and the posterior superior temporal gyrus.

Results

Sensory anesthesia reduced supramarginal gyrus activity and facilitated silent reading speed in the phonological task, while accuracy remained unaffected. Sensory stimulation increased supramarginal gyrus activity but did not impact behavioural performance. Neither perturbation affected the activity of the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Both perturbations impacted functional connectivity between somatosensory and auditory cortices.

Conclusion

Taken together, these preliminary and modest effects suggest that oral somatosensory input influence reading-related brain activity and inter-regional connectivity. However, given the preliminary and clinical nature of this study, these findings are interpreted with caution. Ultimately, the importance of somatosensory feedback in reading warrants more targeted exploration to better our understanding of the relationship between speech-motor processes and reading ability.

听觉干扰对阅读表现的影响已经得到了很好的研究，但体感干扰却知之甚少。最近的研究表明，口腔感官干扰（刺激和麻醉）改善了典型读者的阅读表现，尽管它们对神经系统的影响尚不清楚。本探索性临床研究探讨了在一组典型的读者默读期间，嘴部扰动如何影响边缘上回活动。方法30名英语熟练成人在无干扰、感觉刺激（含棒棒糖）和感觉麻醉（含利多卡因溶液）三种条件下完成正字法和语音词汇决策任务。用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）测量边缘上回和颞后上回的皮质血流动力学反应。结果感觉麻醉降低了边缘上回的活动，促进了语音任务中无声阅读的速度，但准确性不受影响。感觉刺激增加了边缘上回的活动，但对行为表现没有影响。两种干扰都不影响颞后上回的活动。这两种干扰都影响了体感觉和听觉皮层之间的功能连接。综上所述，这些初步和适度的影响表明，口腔体感输入影响阅读相关的大脑活动和区域间连通性。然而，考虑到这项研究的初步和临床性质，这些发现需要谨慎解释。最终，体感反馈在阅读中的重要性值得更有针对性的探索，以更好地理解语言运动过程和阅读能力之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0