During several investigations and studies on the presence of underground cavities in the Rome area in the last 20-25 years, I came across some documents of a XIX century geologist, which pushed me to know more about his life and work: Michele Stefano De Rossi (1834-1898).A special interest arose from reading in his studies on the catacombs about an icnographic and orthographic machine to detect plants and levels he invented.From the research on this geologist, and from reading his texts, a peculiar figure of scientist emerged, having contributed substantially and with a decidedly enlightened approach, to debunk many legends on the underground Rome. For the first time, the importance of the geological context for understanding the reality of the Roman underground networks was clearly highlighted.The research also allowed a reconstruction of the relationship between geology and archaeological research on catacombs from XVII to XIX century.
{"title":"La geologia e le catacombe romane. Michele Stefano De Rossi (1834-1898), un geologo inventore","authors":"M. Lanzini","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2018.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2018.13","url":null,"abstract":"During several investigations and studies on the presence of underground cavities in the Rome area in the last 20-25 years, I came across some documents of a XIX century geologist, which pushed me to know more about his life and work: Michele Stefano De Rossi (1834-1898).A special interest arose from reading in his studies on the catacombs about an icnographic and orthographic machine to detect plants and levels he invented.From the research on this geologist, and from reading his texts, a peculiar figure of scientist emerged, having contributed substantially and with a decidedly enlightened approach, to debunk many legends on the underground Rome. For the first time, the importance of the geological context for understanding the reality of the Roman underground networks was clearly highlighted.The research also allowed a reconstruction of the relationship between geology and archaeological research on catacombs from XVII to XIX century.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83922616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along the slopes of the Gravina di Matera canyon, below and in front of the Sassi di Matera, i.e., the old Matera town (Basilicata, southern Italy), an about 200 m thick succession of upper Cretaceous carbonates extensively crops out. These carbonates belong to the Apulia Carbonate Platform and, in the official geological map, are referred to the Calcare di Altamura Fm, a lithostratigraphic unit composed of shallow-marine peritidal limestones. In order to study the whole outcropping succession, a geological survey was performed in the area and an unaspected intraplatform shallow-basin suite of limestones has been recognized within the Calcare di Altamura Fm. On the basis of lithologic characters, the whole succession has been divided into informal lithostratigraphic units a-g. The base of the succession (unit a) is represented by a crudely stratified bioclastic floatstone-rudstone locally interested by in situ brecciation, a phenomenon that often is the precursor of deep changes in a carbonate platform. Unit a sharply passes upward to thinly bedded and finely planar-laminated mudstone interested by slumps (unit b), conformably covered by dolostones (unit c). Dolostone gradually passes to cherty limestones (unit d) that in turn pass to wackestones (unit e) covered by a megabreccia (unit f). All these units (a-f) indicate that this area of the Apulia Platform performed a change from classic platform environments to slope- and to basin-ones, before the restarting of typical facies of shallow-marine carbonate platform environments (unit g). This subdivision in units of the outcropping succession led us to informally define a member, the Matera member (ALT1), within the upper Cretaceous Calcare di Altamura Fm (ALT). Most likely, the Matera member (units a-f) represents a shallow-basin developed within the Apulia Platform during Late Cretaceous, most likely related to extensional tectonics. Other examples of slope-to-basin sedimentary suite were previously observed within the upper Cretaceous succession of the Apulia Platform and the occurrence of another shallow-basin in the interior of the same platform opens a new and still understimated regional tectonic- and paleogeographic-scenario. Moreover, it should be highlighted that the geological surveyed area belongs to a Regional Natural Park since the 1990 (Parco Archeologico Storico Naturale delle Chiese Rupestri del Materano also known as Parco della Murgia Materana) and that Matera, besides being in the Unesco Word Heritage list since the 1993, has been voted European Capital of Culture 2019. Therefore, the obtained 1:5,000 geological map, apart from documenting some lithostratigraphic evidences of the intraplatform basin, represents an essential tool for both (i) future studies regarding the upper Cretaceous tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Apulia Platform, and (ii) a geological base for many visitors interested in the cultural and geological heritage of Matera and its territory.
沿着Gravina di Matera峡谷的斜坡，在Sassi di Matera峡谷的下方和前面，即马泰拉古城(巴西利卡塔，意大利南部)，约200米厚的上白垩纪碳酸盐岩广泛生长。这些碳酸盐岩属于阿普利亚碳酸盐岩台地，在官方地质图中被称为Calcare di Altamura Fm，这是一个由浅海潮外灰岩组成的岩石地层单元。为了研究整个露头演替，在该地区进行了地质调查，在Calcare di Altamura Fm内发现了一套未经研究的平台内浅盆地灰岩。根据岩性特征，将整个演替划分为非正式的a-g岩性地层单元。演替的基底(单元a)是粗糙层状的生物碎屑浮岩-砾岩，局部受原地角化作用影响，这种现象通常是碳酸盐台地深部变化的前兆。单元a急剧向上过渡到薄层状和精细的平面层状泥岩(单元b)，对滑塌感兴趣，被白云岩(单元c)整合覆盖。白云岩逐渐过渡到cherty灰岩(单元d)，然后再过渡到砾岩(单元e)，由一个大砾岩(单元f)覆盖。所有这些单元(a-f)表明，阿普利亚台地的这一地区经历了从经典台地环境到斜坡和盆地环境的转变。这种对露头演替单元的细分使我们在上白垩统Calcare di Altamura Fm (ALT)中非正式地定义了一个成员，即Matera成员(ALT1)。马泰拉段(a-f单元)很可能代表了晚白垩世阿普利亚地台内发育的浅层盆地，极有可能与伸展构造有关。以前在阿普利亚地台的上白垩统演替中观察到其他斜坡-盆地沉积套件的例子，而在同一地台内部出现的另一个浅层盆地开启了一个新的、仍被低估的区域构造和古地理情景。此外，应该强调的是，自1990年以来，地质调查区域属于区域自然公园(Parco Archeologico Storico Naturale delle chinese Rupestri del Materano也被称为Parco della Murgia Materana)，马泰拉除了自1993年以来被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录外，还被评为2019年欧洲文化之都。因此，获得的1:50 000地质图，除了记录了一些台内盆地的岩石地层证据外，还代表了以下两个方面的重要工具:(i)未来研究上白垩纪Apulia地台的构造地层演化，以及(ii)对马泰拉及其领土的文化和地质遗产感兴趣的许多游客的地质基地。
{"title":"1:5,000 geological map of the upper Cretaceous intraplatform-basin succession in the “Gravina di Matera” canyon (Apulia Carbonate Platform, Basilicata, southern Italy)","authors":"V. Festa, L. Sabato, M. Tropeano","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.12","url":null,"abstract":"Along the slopes of the Gravina di Matera canyon, below and in front of the Sassi di Matera, i.e., the old Matera town (Basilicata, southern Italy), an about 200 m thick succession of upper Cretaceous carbonates extensively crops out. These carbonates belong to the Apulia Carbonate Platform and, in the official geological map, are referred to the Calcare di Altamura Fm, a lithostratigraphic unit composed of shallow-marine peritidal limestones. In order to study the whole outcropping succession, a geological survey was performed in the area and an unaspected intraplatform shallow-basin suite of limestones has been recognized within the Calcare di Altamura Fm. On the basis of lithologic characters, the whole succession has been divided into informal lithostratigraphic units a-g. The base of the succession (unit a) is represented by a crudely stratified bioclastic floatstone-rudstone locally interested by in situ brecciation, a phenomenon that often is the precursor of deep changes in a carbonate platform. Unit a sharply passes upward to thinly bedded and finely planar-laminated mudstone interested by slumps (unit b), conformably covered by dolostones (unit c). Dolostone gradually passes to cherty limestones (unit d) that in turn pass to wackestones (unit e) covered by a megabreccia (unit f). All these units (a-f) indicate that this area of the Apulia Platform performed a change from classic platform environments to slope- and to basin-ones, before the restarting of typical facies of shallow-marine carbonate platform environments (unit g). This subdivision in units of the outcropping succession led us to informally define a member, the Matera member (ALT1), within the upper Cretaceous Calcare di Altamura Fm (ALT). Most likely, the Matera member (units a-f) represents a shallow-basin developed within the Apulia Platform during Late Cretaceous, most likely related to extensional tectonics. Other examples of slope-to-basin sedimentary suite were previously observed within the upper Cretaceous succession of the Apulia Platform and the occurrence of another shallow-basin in the interior of the same platform opens a new and still understimated regional tectonic- and paleogeographic-scenario. Moreover, it should be highlighted that the geological surveyed area belongs to a Regional Natural Park since the 1990 (Parco Archeologico Storico Naturale delle Chiese Rupestri del Materano also known as Parco della Murgia Materana) and that Matera, besides being in the Unesco Word Heritage list since the 1993, has been voted European Capital of Culture 2019. Therefore, the obtained 1:5,000 geological map, apart from documenting some lithostratigraphic evidences of the intraplatform basin, represents an essential tool for both (i) future studies regarding the upper Cretaceous tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Apulia Platform, and (ii) a geological base for many visitors interested in the cultural and geological heritage of Matera and its territory.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76482306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Pandeli, M. Fazzuoli, F. Sandrelli, R. Mazzei, S. Monechi, M. Nocchi, I. Martini, G. Valleri
The Scaglia Toscana Formation (Scisti Policromi Auctt.) is one of the most investigated formation of the Tuscane Nappe. The Formation is widely exposed in the Chianti Mounts and despite the number of studies in this area, some aspects remain poorly known and debated. In this paper new litho- and bio-stratigraphic data from eight key-sections distributed over the entire area are provided and discussed in order to clarify the stratigraphic relationshpis among different lithostratigraphic members, as well as the depositional ages of each member. The Formation deposited in the Cretaceous-Oligocene time interval and it can be subdivided into five lithostratigraphic members: i) the Argilliti di Brolio (wine-red shales with sporadic siliceous calcilutites and rare interbedded cherts); ii) the Marne del Sugame (red and pink marls, calcareous marls and marly limestones with interbedded calcarenitic beds and ruditic lens-shaped bodies including calcareous-siliceous clasts); iii) the Argilliti di Cintoia (grey-green to black shales, locally with manganese-rich siliceous calcilutites and cherts); iv) the Calcareniti di Montegrossi (thin beds of calcilutites and calcarenites with varicoloured shaly-marly interbeds); and v) the Argilliti e Calcareniti di Dudda (alternating thin beds of calcilutites and calcarenites with varicoloured shaly-marly interbeds). These members deposited in a marine environment and have been interpreted as deposited in a turbiditic system, in which shaly and calcareous turbiditic members have been attributed to a basin plain below the CCD, whereas the marls and marly limestones of the Marne del Sugame Member can be settled in a slope/ramp environment above or close to the CCD. Furthermore, the combination of these new data with structural informations coming from literatures allowed to a better paleogeographic reconstruction of the paleobasin. In order to better explain these data, the paper is accompanied by two geological maps realized in the past but never distributed. The two geological maps, at the scale of 1:25,000, cover the whole area from the Cintoia (south of Florence) to the San Gusme (north of Siena) villages.
Scaglia Toscana组(Scisti Policromi Auctt.)是研究最多的托斯卡纳推覆构造之一。基安蒂地层在基安蒂山脉中被广泛发现，尽管在这一领域进行了大量的研究，但有些方面仍然鲜为人知，存在争议。本文提供并讨论了分布在全区的8个关键剖面的新的岩性和生物地层资料，以澄清不同岩性地层段之间的地层关系，以及各段的沉积时代。该组沉积于白垩纪-渐新世，可划分为5个岩石地层段:1)Argilliti di Brolio(酒红色页岩，含零星硅质钙质岩和罕见的互层燧石岩);ii)苏格梅马恩(红色和粉红色泥灰岩、钙质泥灰岩和泥灰岩灰岩，具有互层状的钙质质层和包括钙质硅质碎屑在内的粗糙透镜状体);iii) Cintoia Argilliti(灰绿色至黑色页岩，局部含有富锰硅质钙长石和燧石);iv) Montegrossi Calcareniti(钙质岩和钙质岩的薄层，具有各种颜色的泥灰岩互层);(5)泥灰岩和泥灰岩(由钙灰岩和钙灰岩组成的薄层与各种颜色的泥灰岩互层交替形成)。这些成员沉积在海洋环境中，被解释为沉积在浊积体系中，其中泥质和钙质浊积体成员归因于CCD下方的盆地平原，而Marne del Sugame成员的泥灰岩和泥灰岩可以沉积在CCD上方或附近的斜坡/斜坡环境中。此外，这些新数据与文献中的构造信息相结合，可以更好地重建古盆地的古地理。为了更好地解释这些数据，本文附有两张过去实现但从未分发的地质图。这两张地质图的比例尺为1:25 000，涵盖了从Cintoia(佛罗伦萨南部)到San Gusme(锡耶纳北部)村庄的整个地区。
{"title":"The Scaglia Toscana formation of the monti del chianti: new lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data","authors":"E. Pandeli, M. Fazzuoli, F. Sandrelli, R. Mazzei, S. Monechi, M. Nocchi, I. Martini, G. Valleri","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.16","url":null,"abstract":"The Scaglia Toscana Formation (Scisti Policromi Auctt.) is one of the most investigated formation of the Tuscane Nappe. The Formation is widely exposed in the Chianti Mounts and despite the number of studies in this area, some aspects remain poorly known and debated. In this paper new litho- and bio-stratigraphic data from eight key-sections distributed over the entire area are provided and discussed in order to clarify the stratigraphic relationshpis among different lithostratigraphic members, as well as the depositional ages of each member. The Formation deposited in the Cretaceous-Oligocene time interval and it can be subdivided into five lithostratigraphic members: i) the Argilliti di Brolio (wine-red shales with sporadic siliceous calcilutites and rare interbedded cherts); ii) the Marne del Sugame (red and pink marls, calcareous marls and marly limestones with interbedded calcarenitic beds and ruditic lens-shaped bodies including calcareous-siliceous clasts); iii) the Argilliti di Cintoia (grey-green to black shales, locally with manganese-rich siliceous calcilutites and cherts); iv) the Calcareniti di Montegrossi (thin beds of calcilutites and calcarenites with varicoloured shaly-marly interbeds); and v) the Argilliti e Calcareniti di Dudda (alternating thin beds of calcilutites and calcarenites with varicoloured shaly-marly interbeds). These members deposited in a marine environment and have been interpreted as deposited in a turbiditic system, in which shaly and calcareous turbiditic members have been attributed to a basin plain below the CCD, whereas the marls and marly limestones of the Marne del Sugame Member can be settled in a slope/ramp environment above or close to the CCD. Furthermore, the combination of these new data with structural informations coming from literatures allowed to a better paleogeographic reconstruction of the paleobasin. In order to better explain these data, the paper is accompanied by two geological maps realized in the past but never distributed. The two geological maps, at the scale of 1:25,000, cover the whole area from the Cintoia (south of Florence) to the San Gusme (north of Siena) villages.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81351977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The systematic use of fossil and sedimentological characters in palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic reconstructions is a fairly recent breakthrough of Earth Sciences. Traditionally, the works by James Hutton and Charles Lyell are viewed as true milestones of geology and the first coherent reasoning in the palaeoecologic context, as a necessary result of the new 'doctrine' of actualism. However, the foundation for actualistic reasoning, and their genuine use to interpret the fossil deposits, are clearly found in the writings of Italian naturalists more than four centuries before the publication of The Principles. In this paper, the first seeds of actualistic and palaeoecological reasoning, detectable in the Italian panorama between the thirteenth and early nineteenth century, are discussed. As early as the thirteenth century, authors like Ristoro d'Arezzo used sedimentary processes currently observed to interpret the fossil deposits. Naturalists as Marsili and Donati emphasized the close correspondence between the current seabed, abundance and distribution of species, and the conditions observed in the fossil deposits. Targioni Tozzetti surprises correctly interpreting the remains of large vertebrates in Italy as belonging to animals endemic of the Peninsula, using this evidence to infer a warmer climate in the past and surprising readers of the day with the modernity of his ideas. These great naturalists not only imagined a completely different flora based on the fossil record, but attributed the warmer climate of the past to changes in the sea level, thus providing arguments used by Lyell some eighty years later to explain climate change over geological time.
{"title":"Palaeoecology before ecology: the rise of actualism, palaeoenvironment studies and palaeoclimatology in the Italian panorama between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries","authors":"M. Romano","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.14","url":null,"abstract":"The systematic use of fossil and sedimentological characters in palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic reconstructions is a fairly recent breakthrough of Earth Sciences. Traditionally, the works by James Hutton and Charles Lyell are viewed as true milestones of geology and the first coherent reasoning in the palaeoecologic context, as a necessary result of the new 'doctrine' of actualism. However, the foundation for actualistic reasoning, and their genuine use to interpret the fossil deposits, are clearly found in the writings of Italian naturalists more than four centuries before the publication of The Principles. In this paper, the first seeds of actualistic and palaeoecological reasoning, detectable in the Italian panorama between the thirteenth and early nineteenth century, are discussed. As early as the thirteenth century, authors like Ristoro d'Arezzo used sedimentary processes currently observed to interpret the fossil deposits. Naturalists as Marsili and Donati emphasized the close correspondence between the current seabed, abundance and distribution of species, and the conditions observed in the fossil deposits. Targioni Tozzetti surprises correctly interpreting the remains of large vertebrates in Italy as belonging to animals endemic of the Peninsula, using this evidence to infer a warmer climate in the past and surprising readers of the day with the modernity of his ideas. These great naturalists not only imagined a completely different flora based on the fossil record, but attributed the warmer climate of the past to changes in the sea level, thus providing arguments used by Lyell some eighty years later to explain climate change over geological time.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85283952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Beddini, F. Frondini, S. Caliro, C. Cardellini, A. Rosiello
Bagni di Triponzo thermal springs, characterised by a Ca-SO4 composition and temperatures up to 30°C, are located in the eastern sector of Umbria region in the Umbria-Marche Apennine (central Italy). The region is characterised by a low geothermal gradient and low conductive heat flux and the composition of Triponzo thermal waters significantly differs with respect to the cold waters circulating in the surrounding areas. The origin of the heat transported by the waters of the Triponzo springs is mainly due to a deep component, characterised by high CO2 and He contents, coming from a deeper reservoir, rising along normal faults and mixing with infiltrating waters of meteoric origin. The total amount of thermal water discharged by the system is about 34 L s-1. According to the ternary SO4-2-F--HCO3- geoindicator for carbonate-evaporite reservoirs, the fluids at reservoir condition are charcterised by a partial pressure of CO2 about 0.5 bar and a temperature between 70-75°C whereas the Silica geothermometers give a temperature about 62°C. The computed thermal energy transported by advection and discharged at the surface by Triponzo springs is about 3.71×1011 ± 0.56×1011 J/day.
Bagni di Triponzo温泉的特征是Ca-SO4成分和温度高达30°C，位于翁布里亚-亚平宁市场(意大利中部)翁布里亚地区的东部地区。该地区具有低地温梯度和低导热热通量的特点，Triponzo热水的组成与周围环流的冷水有很大不同。Triponzo温泉水输送的热量主要来自深层成分，其特征是CO2和He含量高，来自较深的水库，沿着正断层上升，与来自大气的渗透水混合。系统排放的热水总量约为34 L s-1。根据碳酸盐岩-蒸发岩储层的三元SO4-2-F—HCO3地质指示剂，储层条件下流体的特征是CO2分压约0.5 bar，温度在70-75℃之间，而石英地温计给出的温度约为62℃。经计算，通过平流输送、Triponzo弹簧在地表释放的热能约为3.71×1011±0.56×1011 J/d。
{"title":"Triponzo: a thermal system in a cold area of the Apennines (Italy)","authors":"G. Beddini, F. Frondini, S. Caliro, C. Cardellini, A. Rosiello","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.17","url":null,"abstract":"Bagni di Triponzo thermal springs, characterised by a Ca-SO4 composition and temperatures up to 30°C, are located in the eastern sector of Umbria region in the Umbria-Marche Apennine (central Italy). The region is characterised by a low geothermal gradient and low conductive heat flux and the composition of Triponzo thermal waters significantly differs with respect to the cold waters circulating in the surrounding areas. The origin of the heat transported by the waters of the Triponzo springs is mainly due to a deep component, characterised by high CO2 and He contents, coming from a deeper reservoir, rising along normal faults and mixing with infiltrating waters of meteoric origin. The total amount of thermal water discharged by the system is about 34 L s-1. According to the ternary SO4-2-F--HCO3- geoindicator for carbonate-evaporite reservoirs, the fluids at reservoir condition are charcterised by a partial pressure of CO2 about 0.5 bar and a temperature between 70-75°C whereas the Silica geothermometers give a temperature about 62°C. The computed thermal energy transported by advection and discharged at the surface by Triponzo springs is about 3.71×1011 ± 0.56×1011 J/day.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86971437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tognarelli, G. Zanchetta, E. Regattieri, I. Isola, R. Drysdale, M. Bini, J. Hellstrom
In this work, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to analyse stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) time-series from a speleothem from Corchia Cave (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, central Italy). The record spans the ca. 13.3- 0.4 ka period. Both proxies are thought to represent changes in the amount of precipitation and in the hydrological recharge over the cave catchment, and to indicate alternating wetter and drier periods. The CWT shows the presence of different dominant frequency components, changing across the Middle-Holocene. This can be interpreted as mostly related to long term variations in summer and winter insolation, resulting from changes in orbital parameters. The lower frequencies (millennial scale) individuated may have different origin, not always obvious, and are rarely reported in others records. Instead, the short period components (multidecadal to centennial scale) could be in the range of frequencies considered as expression of the solar variability. δ18O and δ13C time-series show very coherent response to lower frequencies, but δ18O time-series show the presence of higher frequencies, that are not reported in the δ13C record. This can be related to a different response of the soil-karst system compared to variability in the δ18O of precipitation and their recharge of the karst. A Matlab® code has been implemented to compute the wavelet transform and to generate all the results presented in this work.
{"title":"Wavelet analysis of δ18O and δ13C time-series from an Holocene speleothem record from Corchia Cave (central Italy): insights for the recurrence of dry-wet periods in the Central Mediterraneans","authors":"A. Tognarelli, G. Zanchetta, E. Regattieri, I. Isola, R. Drysdale, M. Bini, J. Hellstrom","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.21","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to analyse stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) time-series from a speleothem from Corchia Cave (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, central Italy). The record spans the ca. 13.3- 0.4 ka period. Both proxies are thought to represent changes in the amount of precipitation and in the hydrological recharge over the cave catchment, and to indicate alternating wetter and drier periods. The CWT shows the presence of different dominant frequency components, changing across the Middle-Holocene. This can be interpreted as mostly related to long term variations in summer and winter insolation, resulting from changes in orbital parameters. The lower frequencies (millennial scale) individuated may have different origin, not always obvious, and are rarely reported in others records. Instead, the short period components (multidecadal to centennial scale) could be in the range of frequencies considered as expression of the solar variability. δ18O and δ13C time-series show very coherent response to lower frequencies, but δ18O time-series show the presence of higher frequencies, that are not reported in the δ13C record. This can be related to a different response of the soil-karst system compared to variability in the δ18O of precipitation and their recharge of the karst. A Matlab® code has been implemented to compute the wavelet transform and to generate all the results presented in this work.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82163984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In XIX century, Italy represented an essential step for scientists aimed to study its most typical and significant geological sites. The result was the publication of a great number of papers dealing with the geological features of Italy in all the European languages. Among them, the German geologist Otto Hermann Wilhelm Abich was undoubtedly one the most important researchers that worked in Italy between 1833 and 1839, and devoted his research activity on the study of active and extinct volcanoes. Abich carried out several topographical surveys, mineralogical and petrographical analyses, and published several scientific papers, describing the structure, activity and history of Etna, Vesuvius and the other volcanoes in Southern Italy. In 1840, Abich moved to Dorpat, in Estonia, becoming the most important geologist of that region. Nevertheless, he never forgot the time spent in Italy that he visited again in 1856-57. This latter period pushed him to process the new collected data and those saved from the fire that destroyed his St. Petersburg office in 1863. The analysis of papers, private correspondence, and some original watercolours found in the Archive of the Geological Survey of Italy - ISPRA, has emphasized his admiration for Italian geological features and landscapes.
{"title":"On the trail of Otto Hermann Wilhelm Abich: a journey through the Italian volcanoes","authors":"M. Pantaloni, Fabiana Console, F. M. Petti","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.20","url":null,"abstract":"In XIX century, Italy represented an essential step for scientists aimed to study its most typical and significant geological sites. The result was the publication of a great number of papers dealing with the geological features of Italy in all the European languages. Among them, the German geologist Otto Hermann Wilhelm Abich was undoubtedly one the most important researchers that worked in Italy between 1833 and 1839, and devoted his research activity on the study of active and extinct volcanoes. Abich carried out several topographical surveys, mineralogical and petrographical analyses, and published several scientific papers, describing the structure, activity and history of Etna, Vesuvius and the other volcanoes in Southern Italy. In 1840, Abich moved to Dorpat, in Estonia, becoming the most important geologist of that region. Nevertheless, he never forgot the time spent in Italy that he visited again in 1856-57. This latter period pushed him to process the new collected data and those saved from the fire that destroyed his St. Petersburg office in 1863. The analysis of papers, private correspondence, and some original watercolours found in the Archive of the Geological Survey of Italy - ISPRA, has emphasized his admiration for Italian geological features and landscapes.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75840698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The freshwater influence in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of mollusk shells were analyzed within a Late Quaternary subsurface succession of the Po River Delta (core 187-S1). Sr isotope ratios of the Po and others rivers' (Brenta, Adige and Reno) waters, discharging in the Adriatic Sea, at about 30 km North and South of the Po Delta, show a domi¬nant contribution in the core area of fluvial water with isotope ratios remarkably lower than seawater values. Core 187-S1 consists of continental deposits formed during cold-climate periods, with intercalated two paralic to shallow-marine intervals indicative of warm-climate conditions and attributed to the last interglacial (Eemian) and to the Holocene period. Foraminiferal assemblages of these intervals reveal a comparable transgressive-re¬gressive palaeoenvironmental evolution and great variation in river discharge, with highest influence of freshwater observed in the Hol¬ocene prodelta.The new Sr isotope ratios from marine and deltaic mollusks are commonly comparable with those of seawater and are not influenced by freshwater dilution, also in beach ridge samples, deposited at very shallow water depth. Excluding two anomalous ratios from the trans¬gressive part of the Holocene succession, deviation from marine val¬ues toward lower ratios (consistent with remarkable influx of river water) are observed in samples with foraminiferal assemblages indic-ative of inner prodelta and great proximity of the river mouth. This work shows that combining foraminiferal micropalaeon¬tology and Sr isotope data of freshwater draining the analyzed are¬as, it is possible to recognize conditions (i.e. deltaic settings greatly influenced by fluvial water with low 87Sr/86Sr ratio) that hamper the application of the Sr isotope ratios as dating tool for shallow marine fossils.
{"title":"Riverine influence in Sr isotope ratio of mollusk shells and relationship with foraminiferal assemblages in a late Quaternary succession of the Po River Delta (northern Italy)","authors":"F. Castorina, S. Vaiani","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.15","url":null,"abstract":"The freshwater influence in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of mollusk shells were analyzed within a Late Quaternary subsurface succession of the Po River Delta (core 187-S1). Sr isotope ratios of the Po and others rivers' (Brenta, Adige and Reno) waters, discharging in the Adriatic Sea, at about 30 km North and South of the Po Delta, show a domi¬nant contribution in the core area of fluvial water with isotope ratios remarkably lower than seawater values. Core 187-S1 consists of continental deposits formed during cold-climate periods, with intercalated two paralic to shallow-marine intervals indicative of warm-climate conditions and attributed to the last interglacial (Eemian) and to the Holocene period. Foraminiferal assemblages of these intervals reveal a comparable transgressive-re¬gressive palaeoenvironmental evolution and great variation in river discharge, with highest influence of freshwater observed in the Hol¬ocene prodelta.The new Sr isotope ratios from marine and deltaic mollusks are commonly comparable with those of seawater and are not influenced by freshwater dilution, also in beach ridge samples, deposited at very shallow water depth. Excluding two anomalous ratios from the trans¬gressive part of the Holocene succession, deviation from marine val¬ues toward lower ratios (consistent with remarkable influx of river water) are observed in samples with foraminiferal assemblages indic-ative of inner prodelta and great proximity of the river mouth. This work shows that combining foraminiferal micropalaeon¬tology and Sr isotope data of freshwater draining the analyzed are¬as, it is possible to recognize conditions (i.e. deltaic settings greatly influenced by fluvial water with low 87Sr/86Sr ratio) that hamper the application of the Sr isotope ratios as dating tool for shallow marine fossils.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74867826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of the seismo-stratigraphic architecture of Late Quaternary-Holocene volcanic and sedimentary units in the Ischia Island offshore and their correlation with the coastal units of the adjacent onshore sectors allowed for a detailed reconstruction of the seismic stratigraphy of the northern, southern and western sectors of the island. Five (southern Ischia) to nine (western Ischia) seismic units and related seismic facies were identified. The volcanic areas and their detailed seismo-stratigraphic setting fit well in the geological context of a passive margin and confirm that the stratal architecture in the Ischia Island Quaternary marine deposits is controlled by the interaction between glacio-eustatic fluctuations, volcanism, tectonics and sedimentary supply.
{"title":"New insights on the late Quaternary geologic evolution of the Ischia Island coastal belt based on high-resolution seismic profiles","authors":"G. Aiello","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.19","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the seismo-stratigraphic architecture of Late Quaternary-Holocene volcanic and sedimentary units in the Ischia Island offshore and their correlation with the coastal units of the adjacent onshore sectors allowed for a detailed reconstruction of the seismic stratigraphy of the northern, southern and western sectors of the island. Five (southern Ischia) to nine (western Ischia) seismic units and related seismic facies were identified. The volcanic areas and their detailed seismo-stratigraphic setting fit well in the geological context of a passive margin and confirm that the stratal architecture in the Ischia Island Quaternary marine deposits is controlled by the interaction between glacio-eustatic fluctuations, volcanism, tectonics and sedimentary supply.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78044791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this contribution we present the first material referable to hybodont shark from the Rosso Ammonitico Formation (Umbria-Marche-Sabina Palaeogeographic Domain). Two teeth were recovered isolated within Toarcian red marly-limestone (Bifrons Zone). The best-preserved tooth is characterized by a general structure well in accord with the classic crushing dentition typical of hybodont sharks within the Subfamily Acrodontinae. The gently domed occlusal surface of the tooth does not show any trace of occlusal crest and of wrinkles, and is characterized by densely pitted, finely reticulated ornamentation. The available characters allow a conservative classification of the material at the genus level as Asteracanthus sp. The best-preserved tooth can be referred to the most mesial area of the first row of lateral teeth, using as a reference the holotype of Asteracanthus medius. The new material represents the earliest evidence of Asteracanthus and the second one from the whole Northern Apennines (Central Italy), throwing new light on the dispersal of the genus on the Jurassic Tethys.
{"title":"First report of hybodont shark from the Toarcian Rosso Ammonitico Formation of Umbria-Marche Apennine Polino area, Terni, Central Italy)","authors":"M. Romano, P. Citton, A. Cipriani, S. Fabbi","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2018.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2018.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution we present the first material referable to hybodont shark from the Rosso Ammonitico Formation (Umbria-Marche-Sabina Palaeogeographic Domain). Two teeth were recovered isolated within Toarcian red marly-limestone (Bifrons Zone). The best-preserved tooth is characterized by a general structure well in accord with the classic crushing dentition typical of hybodont sharks within the Subfamily Acrodontinae. The gently domed occlusal surface of the tooth does not show any trace of occlusal crest and of wrinkles, and is characterized by densely pitted, finely reticulated ornamentation. The available characters allow a conservative classification of the material at the genus level as Asteracanthus sp. The best-preserved tooth can be referred to the most mesial area of the first row of lateral teeth, using as a reference the holotype of Asteracanthus medius. The new material represents the earliest evidence of Asteracanthus and the second one from the whole Northern Apennines (Central Italy), throwing new light on the dispersal of the genus on the Jurassic Tethys.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91215941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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