The modern wolf, Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, has one of the largest ranges amongst carnivorans, and for this reason it shows local and regional differences for adaptation to a great variety of habitats, ranging from the arctic tundra to the Arabian desert. These differences are particularly evident as wolves follow the Bergmann's ecogeographical rule, with low latitude populations being generally smaller than those living at high latitudes. The fossil record of the modern wolf dates back to the second half of the Middle Pleistocene. The earliest records come from the French site Lunel-Viel 1 and are ascribed to the subspecies Canis lupus lunellensis Bonifay, 1971, and from the Italian Polledrara di Cecanibbio. These Middle Pleistocene forms were generally small in size, slightly larger than the last representative of Canis mosbachensis Soergel, 1925. During the last 400 kyr, European continental environments were profoundly affected by the glacial/interglacial cycles and much evidence suggests a trend toward a size increase for C. lupus. In particular, a number of these European large-sized wolves seem to be typical of cold phases, for example, Canis lupus maximus Boudadi-Maligne, 2012 from the OIS 3-2. The aim of the present study was to describe the morphological and morphometric variability of C. lupus from Avetrana bed 8 in comparison to other populations from northern and southern Italy, as well as from other localities in Europe, to obtain a better understanding of the biochronology, palaeobiogeography and evolution of this large carnivore in the last 125 kyr. The morphological and morphometric analyses pointed out the difference of C. lupus of Avetrana compared to the Apulian and to the Northern Italian wolves but also identified a marked affinity with the C. lupus of the glacial site Cardamone (Apulia), referred to OIS 2. This similarity support the idea of the dispersal of large morphotypes (glacial wolves) during cold phases.
{"title":"The Late Pleistocene Canis lupus (Canidae, Mammalia) from Avetrana (Apulia, Italy): reappraisal and new insights on the European glacial wolves","authors":"B. Mecozzi, S. Lucenti","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.22","url":null,"abstract":"The modern wolf, Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, has one of the largest ranges amongst carnivorans, and for this reason it shows local and regional differences for adaptation to a great variety of habitats, ranging from the arctic tundra to the Arabian desert. These differences are particularly evident as wolves follow the Bergmann's ecogeographical rule, with low latitude populations being generally smaller than those living at high latitudes. The fossil record of the modern wolf dates back to the second half of the Middle Pleistocene. The earliest records come from the French site Lunel-Viel 1 and are ascribed to the subspecies Canis lupus lunellensis Bonifay, 1971, and from the Italian Polledrara di Cecanibbio. These Middle Pleistocene forms were generally small in size, slightly larger than the last representative of Canis mosbachensis Soergel, 1925. During the last 400 kyr, European continental environments were profoundly affected by the glacial/interglacial cycles and much evidence suggests a trend toward a size increase for C. lupus. In particular, a number of these European large-sized wolves seem to be typical of cold phases, for example, Canis lupus maximus Boudadi-Maligne, 2012 from the OIS 3-2. The aim of the present study was to describe the morphological and morphometric variability of C. lupus from Avetrana bed 8 in comparison to other populations from northern and southern Italy, as well as from other localities in Europe, to obtain a better understanding of the biochronology, palaeobiogeography and evolution of this large carnivore in the last 125 kyr. The morphological and morphometric analyses pointed out the difference of C. lupus of Avetrana compared to the Apulian and to the Northern Italian wolves but also identified a marked affinity with the C. lupus of the glacial site Cardamone (Apulia), referred to OIS 2. This similarity support the idea of the dispersal of large morphotypes (glacial wolves) during cold phases.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"183 1","pages":"138-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73487843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Martorana, M. Agate, P. Capizzi, F. Cavera, A. D’Alessandro
Ambient noise Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique is commonly used approach to obtain 1D models of the shear-wave velocity in the shallow surface of an investigated area. However, obtained models can have a wide margin of uncertainty if inversions have not been appropriately constrained by detailed stratigraphic information. An application of HVSR inversion constrained by lithostratigraphic data is presented in order to verify the effectiveness of this technique for purposes of geological and geophysical reconstruction of a sedimentary basin in a densely urbanized area. This is often the case of seismic microzonation studies, in which almost all the information derives from near surface stratigraphic drillings, since other geophysical methods are logistically difficult to carry out. In our work, we used stratigraphic constraints derived from 93 superficial bore-holes whose depth rarely exceeds 30 m. In an area called La Bandita, located in Palermo Plain (Sicily, Italy), a geophysical survey was performed by means of 55 microtremor recordings. Part of these was distributed randomly, while others very close to the available stratigraphic perforations. The reconstruction of the stratigraphy in the studied area has been obtained by a review of the main stratigraphic sequences and by a consequent stratigraphic three-dimensional modelling. HVSR curves have been interpreted taking care the thicknesses of the near surface successions derived by the stratigraphic 3-D model. The results, in terms of vertical profiles of the shear-wave velocity, have been interpolated to obtain a 3D seismic model. This has been used to extract basic information to identify and reconstruct the seismic bedrock and the main geological boundaries that were not directly identifiable by means of only stratigraphic logs. It results that the bedrock is affected by a fault system that generated adjacent depressions where Quaternary successions deposited.
{"title":"Seismo-stratigraphic model of “La Bandita” area in the Palermo Plain (Sicily, Italy) through HVSR inversion constrained by stratigraphic data","authors":"R. Martorana, M. Agate, P. Capizzi, F. Cavera, A. D’Alessandro","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.18","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient noise Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique is commonly used approach to obtain 1D models of the shear-wave velocity in the shallow surface of an investigated area. However, obtained models can have a wide margin of uncertainty if inversions have not been appropriately constrained by detailed stratigraphic information. An application of HVSR inversion constrained by lithostratigraphic data is presented in order to verify the effectiveness of this technique for purposes of geological and geophysical reconstruction of a sedimentary basin in a densely urbanized area. This is often the case of seismic microzonation studies, in which almost all the information derives from near surface stratigraphic drillings, since other geophysical methods are logistically difficult to carry out. In our work, we used stratigraphic constraints derived from 93 superficial bore-holes whose depth rarely exceeds 30 m. In an area called La Bandita, located in Palermo Plain (Sicily, Italy), a geophysical survey was performed by means of 55 microtremor recordings. Part of these was distributed randomly, while others very close to the available stratigraphic perforations. The reconstruction of the stratigraphy in the studied area has been obtained by a review of the main stratigraphic sequences and by a consequent stratigraphic three-dimensional modelling. HVSR curves have been interpreted taking care the thicknesses of the near surface successions derived by the stratigraphic 3-D model. The results, in terms of vertical profiles of the shear-wave velocity, have been interpolated to obtain a 3D seismic model. This has been used to extract basic information to identify and reconstruct the seismic bedrock and the main geological boundaries that were not directly identifiable by means of only stratigraphic logs. It results that the bedrock is affected by a fault system that generated adjacent depressions where Quaternary successions deposited.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"36 1","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74959640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viene riportata e discussa l'opera 'orittologica' dell'Abate Alberto Fortis, dedicata allo studio geologico-paleontologico della 'Valle di Ronca' nel Veronese. In un periodo di fermento per le giovani Scienze della Terra, dove venivano presentati i primi grandi sistemi e modelli per tentare di interpretare la storia del Pianeta e la sua evoluzione, l'opera dell'Abate Fortis rappresenta un vero e proprio contributo 'illuminato' e illuminante, volto a dimostrare l'estrema importanza dei casi particolari e dei singoli affioramenti (anche su piccolissima scala) per ogni ipotesi geologica. Per Fortis, lo studio sul terreno delle strutture ed evidenze geologiche e un elemento essenziale e imprescindibile per il geologo e il naturalista. Questo approccio prettamente empirico, che trova in Italia una lunga tradizione a partire da Leonardo e Aldrovandi, e passando per Vallisneri, Marsili, Arduino (solo per citarne alcuni), permette a Fortis di mostrare come la semplice osservazione diretta di dati di campagna e sufficiente a rigettare completamente gran parte dei grandi modelli o sistemi geologici proposti nel corso del tempo. Anche essendo uomo di chiesa, l'approccio di Fortis e pienamente scientifico, comprendendo e sottolineando la necessita di non mescolare in modo confuso 'affari sacri' e fatti scientifici. I processi e i cambiamenti anche maggiori nel globo terrestre scritti nei depositi e nelle loro strutture, agli occhi di Fortis devono essere tenuti scollegati da qualsiasi ipotesi 'sovranaturalistica', e interpretati e letti interamente all'interno dell'operato della natura e invarianza delle leggi fisiche.
{"title":"Fragili come la statua colossale del Nabucco: l'Abate Fortise la critica ai grandi sistemi geologici","authors":"M. Romano","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.33","url":null,"abstract":"Viene riportata e discussa l'opera 'orittologica' dell'Abate Alberto Fortis, dedicata allo studio geologico-paleontologico della 'Valle di Ronca' nel Veronese. In un periodo di fermento per le giovani Scienze della Terra, dove venivano presentati i primi grandi sistemi e modelli per tentare di interpretare la storia del Pianeta e la sua evoluzione, l'opera dell'Abate Fortis rappresenta un vero e proprio contributo 'illuminato' e illuminante, volto a dimostrare l'estrema importanza dei casi particolari e dei singoli affioramenti (anche su piccolissima scala) per ogni ipotesi geologica. Per Fortis, lo studio sul terreno delle strutture ed evidenze geologiche e un elemento essenziale e imprescindibile per il geologo e il naturalista. Questo approccio prettamente empirico, che trova in Italia una lunga tradizione a partire da Leonardo e Aldrovandi, e passando per Vallisneri, Marsili, Arduino (solo per citarne alcuni), permette a Fortis di mostrare come la semplice osservazione diretta di dati di campagna e sufficiente a rigettare completamente gran parte dei grandi modelli o sistemi geologici proposti nel corso del tempo. Anche essendo uomo di chiesa, l'approccio di Fortis e pienamente scientifico, comprendendo e sottolineando la necessita di non mescolare in modo confuso 'affari sacri' e fatti scientifici. I processi e i cambiamenti anche maggiori nel globo terrestre scritti nei depositi e nelle loro strutture, agli occhi di Fortis devono essere tenuti scollegati da qualsiasi ipotesi 'sovranaturalistica', e interpretati e letti interamente all'interno dell'operato della natura e invarianza delle leggi fisiche.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"78 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89118983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristoforo Russo, S. Bianchi, G. Protano, M. Salleolini
This paper reports the results of a geochemical study of groundwater in the Montioni area, a sector of the Colline Metallifere mining district (Tuscany, Italy). The aim of the study was to distinguish the hydrochemical facies of groundwater, to define their origin and flow systems, and to identify the main geochemical processes ruling their chemical composition. The physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and redox potential) and concentrations of major ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3 and SO4) measured in 203 groundwater samples collected in the period 1996-2014 from four springs and three piezometers, were used for this study. The analytical data suggests that the Montioni area is characterized by a complex hydrogeological system consisting of three main groundwater types: (1) Ca-SO4 waters of the deep regional aquifer system hosted by Triassic carbonate-evaporite formations, rising through fractures and faults; (2) Ca(Na)-HCO3 and Na-HCO3(Cl) waters fed by recent meteoric recharge and characterized by shallow circulation within calcareous-siliceous and clayey-calcareous-arenaceous formations of the Tuscan Nappe, respectively; (3) Ca-SO4-HCO3 waters arising by mixing of deep Ca-SO4 fluids and shallow Ca(Na)-HCO3 groundwater. The main processes determining the geochemical features of groundwater in the study area are: (1) carbonate dissolution (mainly calcite) in the surface recharge zone, as well as sulphate (gypsum and anhydrite) and carbonate (calcite and dolomite) dissolution in the deep aquifer hosted by Triassic carbonate-evaporite lithologies; (2) ion exchange reactions occurring in the surface water circulation system within clayey rocks of the Tuscan Nappe (Scaglia Toscana Group); (3) mixing of deep and shallow groundwater.
{"title":"Geochemistry of groundwater in a sector of the Colline Metallifere mining district (Tuscany, Italy)","authors":"Cristoforo Russo, S. Bianchi, G. Protano, M. Salleolini","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.29","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the results of a geochemical study of groundwater in the Montioni area, a sector of the Colline Metallifere mining district (Tuscany, Italy). The aim of the study was to distinguish the hydrochemical facies of groundwater, to define their origin and flow systems, and to identify the main geochemical processes ruling their chemical composition. The physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and redox potential) and concentrations of major ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3 and SO4) measured in 203 groundwater samples collected in the period 1996-2014 from four springs and three piezometers, were used for this study. The analytical data suggests that the Montioni area is characterized by a complex hydrogeological system consisting of three main groundwater types: (1) Ca-SO4 waters of the deep regional aquifer system hosted by Triassic carbonate-evaporite formations, rising through fractures and faults; (2) Ca(Na)-HCO3 and Na-HCO3(Cl) waters fed by recent meteoric recharge and characterized by shallow circulation within calcareous-siliceous and clayey-calcareous-arenaceous formations of the Tuscan Nappe, respectively; (3) Ca-SO4-HCO3 waters arising by mixing of deep Ca-SO4 fluids and shallow Ca(Na)-HCO3 groundwater. The main processes determining the geochemical features of groundwater in the study area are: (1) carbonate dissolution (mainly calcite) in the surface recharge zone, as well as sulphate (gypsum and anhydrite) and carbonate (calcite and dolomite) dissolution in the deep aquifer hosted by Triassic carbonate-evaporite lithologies; (2) ion exchange reactions occurring in the surface water circulation system within clayey rocks of the Tuscan Nappe (Scaglia Toscana Group); (3) mixing of deep and shallow groundwater.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"42 1","pages":"2-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78750272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pagnozzi, L. Esposito, F. Fiorillo, G. Ventafridda
The recharge processes have been evaluated for some karst massifs of southern Italy. The first step is the evaluation of the annual mean recharge for a long-time period (30 years) by GIS tools, by regression analysis of annual mean values of different ground-elevated rain gauges and thermometers. The estimation takes into account the presence of the wide endorheic areas, or closed areas, distinguished from the rest of the catchment, characterized by the open areas. In a first step, the ratio between the output spring discharge and input rainfall has been also estimated (long term recharge coefficients) for both closed and open areas. The second step is the assessment of the daily recharge, splitting the daily rainfall into several amounts (evapotranspiration, soil moisture retention, recharge s.s. and runoff), calibrating the daily simulation on the long-term recharge coefficient found in the first step. These analyses have been carried out for the Cervialto karst massif (southern Italy) where climate and hydrological parameters are available for many years, and the severe drought conditions of the 2016-17 are also outlined; brief comparisons were also carried out between Cervialto massif, considered as a pure climate controlled aquifer and other nearby karst massif as Terminio and Matese, whose recharge processes are conditioned by groundwater abstraction in endorheic areas.
{"title":"Analysis of recharge processes in some karst systems, Southern Italy","authors":"M. Pagnozzi, L. Esposito, F. Fiorillo, G. Ventafridda","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.32","url":null,"abstract":"The recharge processes have been evaluated for some karst massifs of southern Italy. The first step is the evaluation of the annual mean recharge for a long-time period (30 years) by GIS tools, by regression analysis of annual mean values of different ground-elevated rain gauges and thermometers. The estimation takes into account the presence of the wide endorheic areas, or closed areas, distinguished from the rest of the catchment, characterized by the open areas. In a first step, the ratio between the output spring discharge and input rainfall has been also estimated (long term recharge coefficients) for both closed and open areas. The second step is the assessment of the daily recharge, splitting the daily rainfall into several amounts (evapotranspiration, soil moisture retention, recharge s.s. and runoff), calibrating the daily simulation on the long-term recharge coefficient found in the first step. These analyses have been carried out for the Cervialto karst massif (southern Italy) where climate and hydrological parameters are available for many years, and the severe drought conditions of the 2016-17 are also outlined; brief comparisons were also carried out between Cervialto massif, considered as a pure climate controlled aquifer and other nearby karst massif as Terminio and Matese, whose recharge processes are conditioned by groundwater abstraction in endorheic areas.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"20 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83320059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Papini, V. Ivanov, D. Brambilla, D. Arosio, L. Longoni
Sediment transport in Alpine and pre-Alpine zones is an essential part of the broad field encompassing hydro-geological instabilities, with particular significance during high intensity rainfall events. This study describes an experimental method for the characterization of the dynamics of this phenomenon at a small spatial and temporal resolution. A set of Radio Frequency IDentificator (RFID) equipped pebbles has been tracked for a period of 6 months and their propagation along the stream has been recorded after each rainfall event. A descriptive database has been devised in order to explore the mobility of the single grains with respect to their geometrical characteristics, their mass as well as the influence of the precipitation intensity on the monitored river reach. Preliminary results indicate the strong correlation of sediment mobility to river discharge and suggest the influence of initial position in terms of morphological characteristics on the sediment mobility.
{"title":"Monitoring bedload sediment transport in a pre-Alpine river:an experimental method","authors":"M. Papini, V. Ivanov, D. Brambilla, D. Arosio, L. Longoni","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.35","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment transport in Alpine and pre-Alpine zones is an essential part of the broad field encompassing hydro-geological instabilities, with particular significance during high intensity rainfall events. This study describes an experimental method for the characterization of the dynamics of this phenomenon at a small spatial and temporal resolution. A set of Radio Frequency IDentificator (RFID) equipped pebbles has been tracked for a period of 6 months and their propagation along the stream has been recorded after each rainfall event. A descriptive database has been devised in order to explore the mobility of the single grains with respect to their geometrical characteristics, their mass as well as the influence of the precipitation intensity on the monitored river reach. Preliminary results indicate the strong correlation of sediment mobility to river discharge and suggest the influence of initial position in terms of morphological characteristics on the sediment mobility.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"24 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82475832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the Industrial Revolution the laws of physics were introduced to explain natural phenomena. At that time the Vesuvian Observatory emerged as the first volcanological observatory in the world to monitor the activity of Vesuvius on a permanent basis. Naples became an attractor for scholars, who were to analyze volcanic phenomena by developing relationships between the science of laws and those of processes. After World War I interest in Naples-based volcanology further increases, as attested by the founding in the city of Immanuel Friedlaender's International Institute of Volcanology. Following the twenty-year Fascist period, Italy had two objectives: to reconstruct the network of science laboratories and rebuild the approach to studying Earth Sciences through comparison with more advanced countries. Significant and original contributions were made regarding the new theory of global tectonics and the mitigation of natural risks.
{"title":"Cultural climate in Naples between the birth and development of volcanology","authors":"E. Cubellis, G. Luongo, F. Obrizzo","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.36","url":null,"abstract":"With the Industrial Revolution the laws of physics were introduced to explain natural phenomena. At that time the Vesuvian Observatory emerged as the first volcanological observatory in the world to monitor the activity of Vesuvius on a permanent basis. Naples became an attractor for scholars, who were to analyze volcanic phenomena by developing relationships between the science of laws and those of processes. After World War I interest in Naples-based volcanology further increases, as attested by the founding in the city of Immanuel Friedlaender's International Institute of Volcanology. Following the twenty-year Fascist period, Italy had two objectives: to reconstruct the network of science laboratories and rebuild the approach to studying Earth Sciences through comparison with more advanced countries. Significant and original contributions were made regarding the new theory of global tectonics and the mitigation of natural risks.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"96 1","pages":"64-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84099250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We apply a two-step elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to well-site survey (WSS) marine seismic data to estimate high-resolution P-wave (Vp) and S-wave (Vs) velocity models. Our approach combines a first global, genetic-algorithm optimization and a subsequent gradient-based inversion. The broad-band frequency content of the available seismic data makes it possible to extend the frequency range considered in the inversion up to 70 Hz and thus to derive a high-resolution elastic characterization of the shallowest part of the subsurface. The lack of low frequencies and the limited maximum source-to-receiver offset of the WSS acquisition, make the GA inversion particularly crucial as it provides a starting model for the gradient-based FWI that contains the large-medium wavelengths of the seismic velocity field. The following gradient-based FWI yields Vp and Vs models characterized by an improved resolution with respect to the outcomes of GA-FWI. The match between the observed and the predicted seismic data proves the reliability of our predictions.
{"title":"A two-step elastic full-waveform inversion applied to reflection seismic data for shallow hazard identification","authors":"A. Tognarelli, M. Aleardi","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.30","url":null,"abstract":"We apply a two-step elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to well-site survey (WSS) marine seismic data to estimate high-resolution P-wave (Vp) and S-wave (Vs) velocity models. Our approach combines a first global, genetic-algorithm optimization and a subsequent gradient-based inversion. The broad-band frequency content of the available seismic data makes it possible to extend the frequency range considered in the inversion up to 70 Hz and thus to derive a high-resolution elastic characterization of the shallowest part of the subsurface. The lack of low frequencies and the limited maximum source-to-receiver offset of the WSS acquisition, make the GA inversion particularly crucial as it provides a starting model for the gradient-based FWI that contains the large-medium wavelengths of the seismic velocity field. The following gradient-based FWI yields Vp and Vs models characterized by an improved resolution with respect to the outcomes of GA-FWI. The match between the observed and the predicted seismic data proves the reliability of our predictions.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"43 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74549238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ferranti, F. Antonioli, C. Monaco, G. Scicchitano, C. Spampinato
Late Holocene (~6.5 ka) shorelines represented by tidal notches, beach deposits, wave-cut terraces and intertidal organic rims are raised from few decimetres up to 5.5 m above the present sea level in the southern part of the Calabrian Arc, southern Italy. At five localities (Capo Vaticano and Scilla in southern Calabria and Taormina, Schiso, Capo Milazzo in north-eastern Sicily), the uplifted paleo-shorelines form a distinct vertical sequence where the older shorelines rest invariably above the younger ones. Such arrangement documents the occurrence of abrupt uplift events that, within the limits imposed by existing age controls, we attribute to ancient earthquakes. A comprehensive appraisal of published studies has allowed to draw an inventory with a total of possibly sixteen earthquakes which, based on the amount of shoreline displacement (~0.5-2 m) and the length of coastal section involved in uplift, were likely to be of strong size. It appears that the amount of uplift decreased with time during the Late Holocene at all sites but Capo Vaticano, where it remained almost stationary. The co-seismic events appear grouped within four temporal clusters, during which uplift occurred at most of the five coastal sectors investigated here. These clusters spanned time intervals whose duration, although difficult to bracket with precision, is of few hundred years, and are separated by longer (~0.5-1.5 ka) periods of apparent tectonic quiescence. The sources of co-seismic uplifts are still undefined, and should be searched between normal faults in the stretched Calabrian upper crust, or lower crustal thrust faults related to the Ionian subduction.
{"title":"Uplifted Late Holocene shorelines along the coasts of the Calabrian Arc: geodynamic and seismotectonic implications","authors":"L. Ferranti, F. Antonioli, C. Monaco, G. Scicchitano, C. Spampinato","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.13","url":null,"abstract":"Late Holocene (~6.5 ka) shorelines represented by tidal notches, beach deposits, wave-cut terraces and intertidal organic rims are raised from few decimetres up to 5.5 m above the present sea level in the southern part of the Calabrian Arc, southern Italy. At five localities (Capo Vaticano and Scilla in southern Calabria and Taormina, Schiso, Capo Milazzo in north-eastern Sicily), the uplifted paleo-shorelines form a distinct vertical sequence where the older shorelines rest invariably above the younger ones. Such arrangement documents the occurrence of abrupt uplift events that, within the limits imposed by existing age controls, we attribute to ancient earthquakes. A comprehensive appraisal of published studies has allowed to draw an inventory with a total of possibly sixteen earthquakes which, based on the amount of shoreline displacement (~0.5-2 m) and the length of coastal section involved in uplift, were likely to be of strong size. It appears that the amount of uplift decreased with time during the Late Holocene at all sites but Capo Vaticano, where it remained almost stationary. The co-seismic events appear grouped within four temporal clusters, during which uplift occurred at most of the five coastal sectors investigated here. These clusters spanned time intervals whose duration, although difficult to bracket with precision, is of few hundred years, and are separated by longer (~0.5-1.5 ka) periods of apparent tectonic quiescence. The sources of co-seismic uplifts are still undefined, and should be searched between normal faults in the stretched Calabrian upper crust, or lower crustal thrust faults related to the Ionian subduction.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"9 1","pages":"454-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85870044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Totaro, E. Kukarina, I. Koulakov, G. Neri, B. Orecchio, D. Presti
We present the results of tomographic inversion computed with the use of the LOTOS code for Sicily and surroundings, a region of great geodynamic interest located on the Nubia-Europe margin where previous analyses have progressively improved the knowledge of seismic velocity structure without, however, permitting fine detection of tectonic units and structural discontinuities. We used LOTOS's devices for inversion, grid rotation and adaptation to ray density for application to a dataset of 7105 local earthquakes of the period 1990-2012. Our tomographic model highlights a previously undocumented major discontinuity which is located approximately along the northern coast of Sicily and is characterized by a sudden transition from low velocity imbricate thrust sheets and accretionary wedge in mainland Sicily (to the south) to relatively high velocity Tyrrhenian continental crust (to the north). Combining this finding with available geological and geodynamic information, we conclude that this northern Sicily seismic velocity discontinuity, which approximately corresponds to a regional fault system known as Kumeta-Alcantara, may have played a major role in the Miocene to Middle Pliocene, when lithosphere tearing occurred between the Tyrrhenian sea and Sicily in response to trench retreat. The more recent geodynamic settings of northern Sicily and the southern Tyrrhenian can be unravelled from Quaternary geological observations, seismicity and GPS data, which indicate that (i) the northern Sicily discontinuity has ceased to be active in more recent times; and (ii) the reorganized slow convergence of Nubia with respect to Europe is currently accommodated ~100 km north of Sicily, along the east-trending seismogenic belt enclosing Ustica and the Aeolian Islands.
{"title":"Seismotomographic detection of major structural discontinuity in northern Sicily","authors":"C. Totaro, E. Kukarina, I. Koulakov, G. Neri, B. Orecchio, D. Presti","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2016.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2016.14","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of tomographic inversion computed with the use of the LOTOS code for Sicily and surroundings, a region of great geodynamic interest located on the Nubia-Europe margin where previous analyses have progressively improved the knowledge of seismic velocity structure without, however, permitting fine detection of tectonic units and structural discontinuities. We used LOTOS's devices for inversion, grid rotation and adaptation to ray density for application to a dataset of 7105 local earthquakes of the period 1990-2012. Our tomographic model highlights a previously undocumented major discontinuity which is located approximately along the northern coast of Sicily and is characterized by a sudden transition from low velocity imbricate thrust sheets and accretionary wedge in mainland Sicily (to the south) to relatively high velocity Tyrrhenian continental crust (to the north). Combining this finding with available geological and geodynamic information, we conclude that this northern Sicily seismic velocity discontinuity, which approximately corresponds to a regional fault system known as Kumeta-Alcantara, may have played a major role in the Miocene to Middle Pliocene, when lithosphere tearing occurred between the Tyrrhenian sea and Sicily in response to trench retreat. The more recent geodynamic settings of northern Sicily and the southern Tyrrhenian can be unravelled from Quaternary geological observations, seismicity and GPS data, which indicate that (i) the northern Sicily discontinuity has ceased to be active in more recent times; and (ii) the reorganized slow convergence of Nubia with respect to Europe is currently accommodated ~100 km north of Sicily, along the east-trending seismogenic belt enclosing Ustica and the Aeolian Islands.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"25 1","pages":"389-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72873634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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