Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2095350
Jan van der Winden, Niels Hogeweg, Edwin W. Baaij, P. V. van Horssen, J. Shamoun‐Baranes, René Vos, T. Piersma
ABSTRACT Capsule Migration studies of tagged Eurasian Bitterns Botaurus stellaris provide information on the behaviour of this secretive species in relation to weather conditions. Aims To study if cold spells trigger southward migration in resident Eurasian Bitterns. To describe migratory behaviour including flight routes, altitudes, flight direction in relation to wind speed and direction, and general characteristics of stopping sites. Methods Six adult Eurasian Bitterns from Dutch breeding areas were followed for two to five years using ARGOS-PTT/GPS transmitters or GPS trackers. Results Four individuals remained at the breeding sites in winter and did not migrate in response to cold spells. Two individuals covered distances of 300 and 1600 km between stopping sites. They migrated predominantly at night, but over the Sahara they extended flights into daylight hours. Depending on wind assistance, flight speeds (groundspeed) varied between 3.6 and 26 ms−1. Flight altitude varied from just above sea level when facing headwinds, to almost 2000 m above sea level under tail wind conditions. Repeatedly tracked individuals showed substantial variation in routes and stopping sites between successive migrations. These flight patterns appeared influenced by the speed and direction of the winds encountered en route. Conclusions Eurasian Bitterns were either migratory or resident and the latter individuals did not perform facultative movements at the onset of cold spells. The flight speed, flight altitudes, and routes of migrating birds were influenced by wind conditions. This likely explains the variable use of stopping sites between years.
{"title":"The influence of weather on the migration behaviour of Eurasian Bitterns Botaurus stellaris","authors":"Jan van der Winden, Niels Hogeweg, Edwin W. Baaij, P. V. van Horssen, J. Shamoun‐Baranes, René Vos, T. Piersma","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2095350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2095350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Migration studies of tagged Eurasian Bitterns Botaurus stellaris provide information on the behaviour of this secretive species in relation to weather conditions. Aims To study if cold spells trigger southward migration in resident Eurasian Bitterns. To describe migratory behaviour including flight routes, altitudes, flight direction in relation to wind speed and direction, and general characteristics of stopping sites. Methods Six adult Eurasian Bitterns from Dutch breeding areas were followed for two to five years using ARGOS-PTT/GPS transmitters or GPS trackers. Results Four individuals remained at the breeding sites in winter and did not migrate in response to cold spells. Two individuals covered distances of 300 and 1600 km between stopping sites. They migrated predominantly at night, but over the Sahara they extended flights into daylight hours. Depending on wind assistance, flight speeds (groundspeed) varied between 3.6 and 26 ms−1. Flight altitude varied from just above sea level when facing headwinds, to almost 2000 m above sea level under tail wind conditions. Repeatedly tracked individuals showed substantial variation in routes and stopping sites between successive migrations. These flight patterns appeared influenced by the speed and direction of the winds encountered en route. Conclusions Eurasian Bitterns were either migratory or resident and the latter individuals did not perform facultative movements at the onset of cold spells. The flight speed, flight altitudes, and routes of migrating birds were influenced by wind conditions. This likely explains the variable use of stopping sites between years.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"370 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2050351
D. Stoyan, Winfried Nachtigall
ABSTRACT Capsule The density of Common Tern Sterna hirundo nests on artificial islands was increased by the provision of chick shelters, which influenced the placement of nests. Aims To understand the nest placement behaviour underlying the distribution of Common Tern nests on artificial islands with and without chick shelters. Methods We studied Common Tern nest placement patterns on an artificial island in an inland pond in Germany where ridge tiles had been deployed as chick shelters. We used point process statistics, taking the nest locations as points. The pattern of nest placement was compared with simulated patterns without chick shelters: (a) a pattern derived by replacing the nest clusters around tiles in the observed pattern with single nests and (b) patterns derived from a statistical model describing nest patterns without chick shelters from a region close to the German North Sea. Results The density of nests in close proximity to ridge tiles was higher than elsewhere on the artificial island. This suggests that the presence of tiles reduced the inter-nest distances that are acceptable to breeding Common Terns. The assumed pattern without nest clusters is shown to be similar to modelled patterns based on tern colonies without chick shelters. The presence of chick shelters appears to have resulted in a 16% increase in nest density. Conclusions Chick shelters such as ridge tiles can help to increase the numbers of breeding Common Tern pairs accommodated on artificial islands.
{"title":"The effect of artificial chick shelters on nest placement by Common Terns Sterna hirundo","authors":"D. Stoyan, Winfried Nachtigall","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2050351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2050351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule The density of Common Tern Sterna hirundo nests on artificial islands was increased by the provision of chick shelters, which influenced the placement of nests. Aims To understand the nest placement behaviour underlying the distribution of Common Tern nests on artificial islands with and without chick shelters. Methods We studied Common Tern nest placement patterns on an artificial island in an inland pond in Germany where ridge tiles had been deployed as chick shelters. We used point process statistics, taking the nest locations as points. The pattern of nest placement was compared with simulated patterns without chick shelters: (a) a pattern derived by replacing the nest clusters around tiles in the observed pattern with single nests and (b) patterns derived from a statistical model describing nest patterns without chick shelters from a region close to the German North Sea. Results The density of nests in close proximity to ridge tiles was higher than elsewhere on the artificial island. This suggests that the presence of tiles reduced the inter-nest distances that are acceptable to breeding Common Terns. The assumed pattern without nest clusters is shown to be similar to modelled patterns based on tern colonies without chick shelters. The presence of chick shelters appears to have resulted in a 16% increase in nest density. Conclusions Chick shelters such as ridge tiles can help to increase the numbers of breeding Common Tern pairs accommodated on artificial islands.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"345 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2049205
Ian D. Woodward, G. Austin, Philipp H. Boersch-Supan, C. Thaxter, N. Burton
ABSTRACT Capsule We assessed annual changes in Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata wintering numbers at estuaries in England and Wales over 40 years against local and broadscale factors. Long-term trends likely reflect the cessation of hunting, but potentially also distributional changes associated with milder winters and changes in breeding success. Aims To investigate whether local or broadscale factors might affect site-level annual abundance changes in Curlews in England and Wales. Methods Relationships between Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) counts from 46 estuaries from 1974/75 to 2016/17 and environmental data were assessed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Results The winter abundance trend of Curlews in England and Wales closely matched the decline of breeding populations since the mid-1990s. However, there are clear differences in the trends prior to this. Our analysis suggests that winter counts were influenced by the cessation of hunting and by weather, with abundance decreasing during cold winters and increasing the following winter. The influence of severe weather was less pronounced in the immediate aftermath of the hunting ban. An increase in numbers in the east of the UK also occurred during this period. No effects were detected for other environmental variables, but this may reflect the fact that only static variation between sites was tested for these variables rather than change. Conclusion The increase in wintering Curlew numbers in the UK during the 1980s and early 1990s likely reflects a positive response to the cessation of hunting, but also a wider redistribution associated with milder winters across the European wintering range. Winter temperatures influenced annual abundance changes at individual sites, although impacts on detectability are difficult to disentangle from impacts on survival using WeBS counts alone. Factors operating during the breeding season are likely to be the main drivers of the current population decline.
{"title":"Assessing drivers of winter abundance change in Eurasian Curlews Numenius arquata in England and Wales","authors":"Ian D. Woodward, G. Austin, Philipp H. Boersch-Supan, C. Thaxter, N. Burton","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2049205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2049205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule We assessed annual changes in Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata wintering numbers at estuaries in England and Wales over 40 years against local and broadscale factors. Long-term trends likely reflect the cessation of hunting, but potentially also distributional changes associated with milder winters and changes in breeding success. Aims To investigate whether local or broadscale factors might affect site-level annual abundance changes in Curlews in England and Wales. Methods Relationships between Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) counts from 46 estuaries from 1974/75 to 2016/17 and environmental data were assessed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Results The winter abundance trend of Curlews in England and Wales closely matched the decline of breeding populations since the mid-1990s. However, there are clear differences in the trends prior to this. Our analysis suggests that winter counts were influenced by the cessation of hunting and by weather, with abundance decreasing during cold winters and increasing the following winter. The influence of severe weather was less pronounced in the immediate aftermath of the hunting ban. An increase in numbers in the east of the UK also occurred during this period. No effects were detected for other environmental variables, but this may reflect the fact that only static variation between sites was tested for these variables rather than change. Conclusion The increase in wintering Curlew numbers in the UK during the 1980s and early 1990s likely reflects a positive response to the cessation of hunting, but also a wider redistribution associated with milder winters across the European wintering range. Winter temperatures influenced annual abundance changes at individual sites, although impacts on detectability are difficult to disentangle from impacts on survival using WeBS counts alone. Factors operating during the breeding season are likely to be the main drivers of the current population decline.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"289 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49501374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2053944
O. Mikulica, A. Trnka
ABSTRACT Using direct observations of Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus behaviour at 53 nests of three Acrocephalus host species, we recorded no vocal activity by females shortly before, during, or after egg-laying, which suggests that female bubbling calls during parasitism are not used as commonly as previously thought.
{"title":"On the behaviour and vocalizations of female Common Cuckoos Cuculus canorus at the host nest","authors":"O. Mikulica, A. Trnka","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2053944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2053944","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using direct observations of Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus behaviour at 53 nests of three Acrocephalus host species, we recorded no vocal activity by females shortly before, during, or after egg-laying, which suggests that female bubbling calls during parasitism are not used as commonly as previously thought.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"422 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2027341
V. Ivanitskii, I. Syomina, Irina Ilina, I. Marova, Ilya Kislyakov
ABSTRACT Capsule Although many acoustic signals of Common Chaffinches Fringilla coelebs, including both songs and rain calls, are widespread across its distribution range, the boundaries between subspecies place formidable obstacles to the spread of vocal patterns. Aims To investigate the diversity of song types and song structure of rain calls in the contact zone between the Caucasian and Crimean subspecies of Chaffinches in the north-western Caucasus, as well as between the nominate and Caucasian subspecies in the northern Ciscaucasia (south of European Russia). Methods In total, the songs and rain calls of more than 300 males were recorded in 10 different locations in the Crimea, Caucasus, and Ciscaucasia. For comparison with more remote areas, we used our recording of Chaffinches from the Voronezh region and the city of Moscow. Results The song repertoires of Chaffinches in the Crimea and on the Abrau Peninsula (Black Sea basin) were very different despite being less than 100 km apart. In contrast, the repertoire of the Abrau population had much in common with the more distant (270–300 km) populations of the Caucasus and Ciscaucasia. The rain calls of Chaffinches on the Abrau had a unique two-syllable structure. On a sonogram, both of these types of sounds look very similar to the single-element calls of Caucasian and Crimean Chaffinches, but are significantly different in their frequency and temporal characteristics. Conclusion Zones of contact between Chaffinch subspecies appear to be a kind of filter that make it difficult to spread vocal patterns from the range of one subspecies to the range of another.
{"title":"Travelling across subspecies borders: songs and calls of the Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs in the contact zones and adjoining areas of southern Russia","authors":"V. Ivanitskii, I. Syomina, Irina Ilina, I. Marova, Ilya Kislyakov","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2027341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2027341","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Although many acoustic signals of Common Chaffinches Fringilla coelebs, including both songs and rain calls, are widespread across its distribution range, the boundaries between subspecies place formidable obstacles to the spread of vocal patterns. Aims To investigate the diversity of song types and song structure of rain calls in the contact zone between the Caucasian and Crimean subspecies of Chaffinches in the north-western Caucasus, as well as between the nominate and Caucasian subspecies in the northern Ciscaucasia (south of European Russia). Methods In total, the songs and rain calls of more than 300 males were recorded in 10 different locations in the Crimea, Caucasus, and Ciscaucasia. For comparison with more remote areas, we used our recording of Chaffinches from the Voronezh region and the city of Moscow. Results The song repertoires of Chaffinches in the Crimea and on the Abrau Peninsula (Black Sea basin) were very different despite being less than 100 km apart. In contrast, the repertoire of the Abrau population had much in common with the more distant (270–300 km) populations of the Caucasus and Ciscaucasia. The rain calls of Chaffinches on the Abrau had a unique two-syllable structure. On a sonogram, both of these types of sounds look very similar to the single-element calls of Caucasian and Crimean Chaffinches, but are significantly different in their frequency and temporal characteristics. Conclusion Zones of contact between Chaffinch subspecies appear to be a kind of filter that make it difficult to spread vocal patterns from the range of one subspecies to the range of another.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"302 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47061384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2092067
C. Catoni, Roberto Aguilar-Pulido, Carlos B. Zavalaga, G. dell’Omo
ABSTRACT Capsule Grey Gulls Leucophaeus modestus breed in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and perform nocturnal commuting flights between their inland nesting sites and the coast in order to forage. Some aspects of the gullś flight patterns and routes remain unknown. Aim Determine the patterns and the routes of the commuting flights of Grey Gulls breeding in a remote colony in the Atacama Desert. Methods Using a modified marine radar we tracked the departure and arrival times, and direction of Grey Gulls. Furthermore, we managed to ground truth the information obtained from the radar by tracking two incubating gulls with GPS tags. Results Birds left the colony in two waves: first between 21:00 and 22:00 at the onset of nautical twilight, and a second, larger wave between 02:00 and 05:00 (peak at 03:15) before sunrise. Birds returned to the colony through the whole night with a major peak at 23:00, two hours after sunset. Tracking data confirmed the travel times and directions obtained from the radar. Conclusion Grey Gulls adjust their departure time from the colony and from the coast to fly only in the dark. Most birds left just after nautical twilight and flew at a constant speed to the coast. By knowing the arrival time, the peak of bird passage and their inbound flying direction, it is possible to infer the location of the departure place on the coast. By identifying consistent inbound flight patterns with radar it is possible to detect unknown colonies.
{"title":"Radar reveals the nocturnal flights of breeding Grey Gulls Leucophaeus modestus in the Atacama Desert, Chile","authors":"C. Catoni, Roberto Aguilar-Pulido, Carlos B. Zavalaga, G. dell’Omo","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2092067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2092067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Grey Gulls Leucophaeus modestus breed in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and perform nocturnal commuting flights between their inland nesting sites and the coast in order to forage. Some aspects of the gullś flight patterns and routes remain unknown. Aim Determine the patterns and the routes of the commuting flights of Grey Gulls breeding in a remote colony in the Atacama Desert. Methods Using a modified marine radar we tracked the departure and arrival times, and direction of Grey Gulls. Furthermore, we managed to ground truth the information obtained from the radar by tracking two incubating gulls with GPS tags. Results Birds left the colony in two waves: first between 21:00 and 22:00 at the onset of nautical twilight, and a second, larger wave between 02:00 and 05:00 (peak at 03:15) before sunrise. Birds returned to the colony through the whole night with a major peak at 23:00, two hours after sunset. Tracking data confirmed the travel times and directions obtained from the radar. Conclusion Grey Gulls adjust their departure time from the colony and from the coast to fly only in the dark. Most birds left just after nautical twilight and flew at a constant speed to the coast. By knowing the arrival time, the peak of bird passage and their inbound flying direction, it is possible to infer the location of the departure place on the coast. By identifying consistent inbound flight patterns with radar it is possible to detect unknown colonies.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"351 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49306270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2103096
J. Škrábal, I. Literák, Marek Dostál, R. Raab, D. Horal, H. Matušík, P. Spakovszky
ABSTRACT Capsule Some birds of the central European population of Red Kite Milvus milvus are non-migratory and winter within their natal area, whereas others migrate to southern Europe or even to northern Africa. Aims To determine what factors affect the area use and communal roost use by Red Kites wintering in their natal area. Methods We studied spatiotemporal activity and factors affecting area use by Red Kites wintering in their natal area in the tripoint border area of Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, using GPS/GSM telemetry devices. Results We characterized home ranges used by wintering Red Kites in natal areas. Birds wintered for an average of 146 days and spent 88% of the time within temporary settlement areas (TSAs). The number of TSAs used by one Red Kite during the winter varied from 1–4 (mean ± sd = 2 ± 1); the mean (± sd) size of the home range of TSAs was 190 ± 144 km2 as a 95% minimum convex polygon, 136 ± 82 km2 as a 95% kernel density estimate, and 41 ± 34 km2 as a 50% kernel density estimate (core activity area). Age, breeding status, and percentage of forest habitat were the main factors negatively related to home range size. Winter duration and the number of TSAs were positively related to the size of the home range. Young birds (before first breeding) and males explored larger areas and used more TSAs during winter. Conclusion Wintering of Red Kites in their natal area may relate to the social refuge–territory prospecting hypothesis, breeding site fidelity, wintering site fidelity, and/or mate loyalty, and this understanding could lead to better conservation of Red Kites in central Europe.
{"title":"Red Kites Milvus milvus wintering in their natal area: demographic, environmental, and temporary factors affecting spatiotemporal behaviour patterns","authors":"J. Škrábal, I. Literák, Marek Dostál, R. Raab, D. Horal, H. Matušík, P. Spakovszky","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2103096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2103096","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Some birds of the central European population of Red Kite Milvus milvus are non-migratory and winter within their natal area, whereas others migrate to southern Europe or even to northern Africa. Aims To determine what factors affect the area use and communal roost use by Red Kites wintering in their natal area. Methods We studied spatiotemporal activity and factors affecting area use by Red Kites wintering in their natal area in the tripoint border area of Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, using GPS/GSM telemetry devices. Results We characterized home ranges used by wintering Red Kites in natal areas. Birds wintered for an average of 146 days and spent 88% of the time within temporary settlement areas (TSAs). The number of TSAs used by one Red Kite during the winter varied from 1–4 (mean ± sd = 2 ± 1); the mean (± sd) size of the home range of TSAs was 190 ± 144 km2 as a 95% minimum convex polygon, 136 ± 82 km2 as a 95% kernel density estimate, and 41 ± 34 km2 as a 50% kernel density estimate (core activity area). Age, breeding status, and percentage of forest habitat were the main factors negatively related to home range size. Winter duration and the number of TSAs were positively related to the size of the home range. Young birds (before first breeding) and males explored larger areas and used more TSAs during winter. Conclusion Wintering of Red Kites in their natal area may relate to the social refuge–territory prospecting hypothesis, breeding site fidelity, wintering site fidelity, and/or mate loyalty, and this understanding could lead to better conservation of Red Kites in central Europe.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"381 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2021.1966740
Michael Thornton, C. Mitchell, L. Griffin, R. Briers, B. Minshull, Angus Maciver, Patrick J. C. White
ABSTRACT Capsule Our multi-scale habitat selection and spatial analysis of a threatened population of Taiga Bean Geese Anser fabalis highlights the importance of monitoring and review programmes to determine whether species conservation measures are being implemented at the correct spatio-temporal scales. Aims To undertake a habitat selection and spatial analysis of an internationally important population of Taiga Bean Geese, and quantify the extent to which their foraging range overlaps with a protected area classified to protect their roost sites and foraging areas. Methods A five-year field count dataset was used to quantify foraging habitat selection at the population range scale. In addition, global positioning system (GPS)/ultra high frequency loggers were attached to 12 birds and GPS location data were collected to quantify foraging habitat selection at an individual foraging range scale. Results Generalized linear models predicted that, at the population foraging range scale, Taiga Bean Geese selected agriculturally improved pasture, and this selection was more pronounced at greater distances from public roads. At an individual foraging range scale, compositional analysis revealed that agriculturally improved pasture was significantly selected over all other habitats. There was a substantial mismatch between their individual foraging ranges and the protected area, with less than 35% (median: 21%; range 9.5–31.9%) of their individual full foraging ranges overlapping with the protected area. Discussion Fixed protected areas may fail to fully accommodate the spatio-temporal foraging dynamics of geese, however a more appropriate conservation measure may be the use of flexible management schemes to maintain their foraging areas within and beyond protected area boundaries. This case study highlights the importance of developing dynamic conservation strategies for species liable to undergo range shifts.
{"title":"Multi-scale habitat selection and spatial analysis reveals a mismatch between the wintering distribution of a threatened population of Taiga Bean Geese Anser fabalis and its protected area","authors":"Michael Thornton, C. Mitchell, L. Griffin, R. Briers, B. Minshull, Angus Maciver, Patrick J. C. White","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2021.1966740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2021.1966740","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Capsule Our multi-scale habitat selection and spatial analysis of a threatened population of Taiga Bean Geese Anser fabalis highlights the importance of monitoring and review programmes to determine whether species conservation measures are being implemented at the correct spatio-temporal scales. Aims To undertake a habitat selection and spatial analysis of an internationally important population of Taiga Bean Geese, and quantify the extent to which their foraging range overlaps with a protected area classified to protect their roost sites and foraging areas. Methods A five-year field count dataset was used to quantify foraging habitat selection at the population range scale. In addition, global positioning system (GPS)/ultra high frequency loggers were attached to 12 birds and GPS location data were collected to quantify foraging habitat selection at an individual foraging range scale. Results Generalized linear models predicted that, at the population foraging range scale, Taiga Bean Geese selected agriculturally improved pasture, and this selection was more pronounced at greater distances from public roads. At an individual foraging range scale, compositional analysis revealed that agriculturally improved pasture was significantly selected over all other habitats. There was a substantial mismatch between their individual foraging ranges and the protected area, with less than 35% (median: 21%; range 9.5–31.9%) of their individual full foraging ranges overlapping with the protected area. Discussion Fixed protected areas may fail to fully accommodate the spatio-temporal foraging dynamics of geese, however a more appropriate conservation measure may be the use of flexible management schemes to maintain their foraging areas within and beyond protected area boundaries. This case study highlights the importance of developing dynamic conservation strategies for species liable to undergo range shifts.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"157 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43535202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2022.2026877
Izabela Fedyń, E. Grzędzicka, D. Wiehle, Ł. Kajtoch
ABSTRACT Capsule Territories of the nocturnal Ural Owl Strix uralensis and diurnal Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis were spatially associated in fragmented forest but not in extensive forest. Aims To test the hypotheses that (i) the patterns of distribution of Ural Owl and Northern Goshawk territories are different in extensive and fragmented forests and (ii) the distribution of their territories do not depend on local forest structure and habitat variables. Methods The territories of Northern Goshawks and Ural Owls were identified in forests in southern Poland. Spatial analysis was used to examine the co-occurrence patterns of the two species, and multivariate analysis to examine the impact of environmental cues on territory selection. Results Most habitat parameters were not significantly related to the presence of territories of either species. For Northern Goshawk there was a positive association with the occurrence of old-growth patches and a negative association with clear-cut areas and proximity to forest edge in fragmented forests; for Ural Owl there was a significant effect of wood type in extensive forest. None of the habitat parameters distinguished the territories of the two species, suggesting similarity in the habitats used. The territories of the two species were spatially associated in fragmented forests, suggesting some positive interspecific relationship. In contrast, the distributions of the two species were not significantly associated in extensive forest. Conclusions To explain the spatial co-occurrence between Northern Goshawks and Ural Owls we suggest: (i) Ural Owls can occupy unused Northern Goshawk nests in managed extensive forest where there is a deficiency of large tree cavities; (ii) restricted availability of habitat in fragmented forests forces both species to nest in close proximity, and/or (iii) Ural Owls use social information from Northern Goshawks about habitat quality when selecting territories in some landscapes.
{"title":"The co-occurrence of Ural Owls Strix uralensis and Northern Goshawks Accipiter gentilis differs between extensive and fragmented forests","authors":"Izabela Fedyń, E. Grzędzicka, D. Wiehle, Ł. Kajtoch","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2022.2026877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2022.2026877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Territories of the nocturnal Ural Owl Strix uralensis and diurnal Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis were spatially associated in fragmented forest but not in extensive forest. Aims To test the hypotheses that (i) the patterns of distribution of Ural Owl and Northern Goshawk territories are different in extensive and fragmented forests and (ii) the distribution of their territories do not depend on local forest structure and habitat variables. Methods The territories of Northern Goshawks and Ural Owls were identified in forests in southern Poland. Spatial analysis was used to examine the co-occurrence patterns of the two species, and multivariate analysis to examine the impact of environmental cues on territory selection. Results Most habitat parameters were not significantly related to the presence of territories of either species. For Northern Goshawk there was a positive association with the occurrence of old-growth patches and a negative association with clear-cut areas and proximity to forest edge in fragmented forests; for Ural Owl there was a significant effect of wood type in extensive forest. None of the habitat parameters distinguished the territories of the two species, suggesting similarity in the habitats used. The territories of the two species were spatially associated in fragmented forests, suggesting some positive interspecific relationship. In contrast, the distributions of the two species were not significantly associated in extensive forest. Conclusions To explain the spatial co-occurrence between Northern Goshawks and Ural Owls we suggest: (i) Ural Owls can occupy unused Northern Goshawk nests in managed extensive forest where there is a deficiency of large tree cavities; (ii) restricted availability of habitat in fragmented forests forces both species to nest in close proximity, and/or (iii) Ural Owls use social information from Northern Goshawks about habitat quality when selecting territories in some landscapes.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"267 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47310666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2021.1977780
G. Chiatante
ABSTRACT Capsule A species distrubtion model shows that Masked Shrikes Lanius nubicus in the southern Balkans inhabit areas with shrubs and trees, as well as open areas. It also reveals areas that are suitable for expansion of the population. Aims To fill a data gap on the habitat requirements of the Masked Shrike in North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece. Methods Species distribution modelling was used to investigate the effects of environmental variables, such as land cover, vegetation activity, and climate, on the occurrence of Masked Shrikes. The MaxEnt algorithm was used with data on species occurrences downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database. A bias map was used to resolve problems related to inhomogeneous data sources. Results The spatial distribution of the Masked Shrike in the southern Balkans is shaped mainly by land cover, especially by transitional shrub/woodland areas. There was also a positive relationship with the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in April and negative relationships with the EVI in July and temperature seasonality. Conclusions In the southern Balkans, the Masked Shrike inhabits areas with shrubs and trees interspersed with open areas, such as natural grassland. The predicted spatial distribution matches the known distribution quite well. The potential distribution showed many sites where the species could be present, and those are worthy of investigation given that the species has been expanding in the region.
{"title":"Habitat requirements of the Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus in the southern Balkans","authors":"G. Chiatante","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2021.1977780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2021.1977780","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule A species distrubtion model shows that Masked Shrikes Lanius nubicus in the southern Balkans inhabit areas with shrubs and trees, as well as open areas. It also reveals areas that are suitable for expansion of the population. Aims To fill a data gap on the habitat requirements of the Masked Shrike in North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece. Methods Species distribution modelling was used to investigate the effects of environmental variables, such as land cover, vegetation activity, and climate, on the occurrence of Masked Shrikes. The MaxEnt algorithm was used with data on species occurrences downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database. A bias map was used to resolve problems related to inhomogeneous data sources. Results The spatial distribution of the Masked Shrike in the southern Balkans is shaped mainly by land cover, especially by transitional shrub/woodland areas. There was also a positive relationship with the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in April and negative relationships with the EVI in July and temperature seasonality. Conclusions In the southern Balkans, the Masked Shrike inhabits areas with shrubs and trees interspersed with open areas, such as natural grassland. The predicted spatial distribution matches the known distribution quite well. The potential distribution showed many sites where the species could be present, and those are worthy of investigation given that the species has been expanding in the region.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"68 1","pages":"198 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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