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Clinical presentation and management of enterovirus and parechovirus infection in children: A single-centre study in regional Australia 儿童肠道病毒和帕累托病毒感染的临床表现和处理:澳大利亚地区单中心研究。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13160
Tharmarajah Sorubarajan MBBS (Sri Lanka), MD (Sri Lanka), DCH (Sri Lanka), DCH (Sydney), FRACP (Australia), Sivapriyan Sorubarajan

Objective

This study aims to analyse the clinical presentation caused by enterovirus (EV) and/or human parechovirus (HPeV) infection in children, as well as the management of such cases admitted to a regional hospital in Australia.

Methods

Retrospective study reviewing medical records.

Setting

Single hospital in regional Australia.

Participants

All children under 18 years admitted over the 5-year period beginning from 1 January 2017 with confirmed EV and/or HPeV infection. Cases with clinically insignificant EV/HPeV isolation were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures

Data collected included demographic data, signs and symptoms present, specimens of EV/HPeV isolation, co-occurring pathogens, peak C-reactive protein (CRP), antibiotic therapy, discharge diagnosis and follow-up after discharge.

Results

Overall, 27 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 81.5% of the patients were ≤3 months of age with a median of 2 months (interquartile range 1–3); 74.1% were males. The most common clinical features were a fever ≥38°C and irritability/lethargy/high-pitched cry. 29.6% of the patients had co-occurring pathogens detected, and a CRP ≤10 mg/L was observed in 77.8% of cases. All but two children were treated with antibiotics while awaiting polymerase chain reaction results. The most common discharge diagnosis was meningitis. In all, 74.1% of the children attended follow-up appointments.

Conclusions

EV and HPeV should be considered as a possible aetiology of fever and irritability/lethargy/high-pitched cry in children under 3 months.

研究目的本研究旨在分析儿童感染肠道病毒(EV)和/或人类帕累托病毒(HPeV)后的临床表现,以及澳大利亚一家地区医院对此类病例的处理情况:方法:回顾性研究,审查医疗记录:环境:澳大利亚地区的一家医院:自 2017 年 1 月 1 日起的 5 年间,所有 18 岁以下确诊 EV 和/或 HPeV 感染的儿童。排除了临床症状不明显的EV/HPeV分离病例:收集的数据包括人口统计学数据、出现的体征和症状、EV/HPeV分离标本、并发病原体、C反应蛋白(CRP)峰值、抗生素治疗、出院诊断和出院后随访:共有 27 名患者符合纳入标准;81.5% 的患者年龄小于 3 个月,中位数为 2 个月(四分位数间距为 1-3 个月);74.1% 为男性。最常见的临床特征是发烧≥38°C和烦躁/嗜睡/高声哭闹。29.6%的患者同时检测到病原体,77.8%的病例CRP≤10 mg/L。除两名患儿外,其他患儿在等待聚合酶链反应结果期间均接受了抗生素治疗。最常见的出院诊断是脑膜炎。74.1%的患儿接受了后续治疗:结论:EV 和 HPeV 应被视为 3 个月以下儿童发烧和烦躁/嗜睡/高声哭闹的可能病因。
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引用次数: 0
Conducting mental health research with rural and regional older Australians: Reflections and recommendations 对澳大利亚农村和地区老年人进行心理健康研究:思考与建议。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13165
Daniel P. Wadsworth PhD, Belinda Cash PhD, Kristen Tulloch PhD, Rebekah Couper BSc (Hons), Kristy Robson PhD, Sally Fitzpatrick PhD

Aims

This commentary aims to assist emerging leaders of mental health research with older rural Australians through (i) affirmation that others share the barriers, pitfalls and challenges being faced; (ii) reinforcing the rationale making this a pertinent area for research; and (iii) opening a dialogue for best practice to engage older rural Australians in mental health research.

Context

Supporting the mental health of older adults is a pertinent global challenge, none more so than in rural Australia where restricted access to services and supports are compounded by limited help-seeking behaviours and capacity to engage with support. Paradoxically, such limitations also extend to impact researchers' ability to engage rural older Australians in mental health research, particularly when combined with the stoicism and stigma that often envelopes mental health, and the contemporary challenges posed by the emergence of technology. Such challenges are however not often discussed, more-often sidelined in favour of reporting positive research outcomes, or seeing emerging researchers eschew such focus entirely.

Approach

Through this paper, the authors utilised critical self-appraisal and iterative reflection to identify four recommendations for undertaking contemporary mental health research with rural older Australians, namely to: plan realistically through a collaborative, authentic and respectful approach; identify community champions and build/maintain trust; diversify thought, approaches and methodology; and cast the research net far, wide and often.

Conclusion

By adopting recommendations, researchers can maximise accessibility to and possible participation in mental health research, providing foundations for older rural Australians' contributions to inform the development of policies and strategies to promote their health and well-being.

目的:这篇评论旨在通过以下方式,帮助针对澳大利亚农村老年人开展心理健康研究的新兴领导者:(i) 肯定其他人也面临着同样的障碍、陷阱和挑战;(ii) 强化使这一领域成为相关研究领域的理由;(iii) 展开对话,探讨让澳大利亚农村老年人参与心理健康研究的最佳实践:为老年人的心理健康提供支持是一项相关的全球性挑战,在澳大利亚农村地区,由于求助行为和参与支持的能力有限,获得服务和支持的途径受到限制,情况更为严重。矛盾的是,这些局限性也影响了研究人员让澳大利亚农村老年人参与心理健康研究的能力,尤其是当这些局限性与心理健康问题上经常出现的委曲求全和耻辱感,以及当代技术的出现所带来的挑战结合在一起的时候。然而,这些挑战并不经常被讨论,更多的时候是被搁置一边,只报道积极的研究成果,或者看到新兴研究人员完全回避这种关注:通过本文,作者利用批判性的自我评价和迭代反思,确定了针对澳大利亚农村地区老年人开展当代心理健康研究的四项建议,即:通过合作、真实和尊重的方法制定切实可行的计划;确定社区拥护者并建立/保持信任;实现思想、方法和方法论的多样化;以及将研究网撒得更远、更广、更频繁:通过采纳这些建议,研究人员可以最大限度地提高心理健康研究的可及性和可能的参与度,为澳大利亚农村老年人为制定促进其健康和福祉的政策和战略提供信息奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
A scoping review of early childhood support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with a disability in regional, rural and remote settings 对地区、农村和偏远地区为土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民残疾儿童提供的早期儿童支持进行范围界定审查。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13164
Anita D’Aprano PhD, Kim McRae DipEd, Suzanne Dayton MSW, Catherine Lloyd-Johnsen MPH, John Gilroy PhD

Introduction

Many experts and communities have concerns about how National Disability Insurance Scheme services are provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait children. This study was undertaken at the request of the NPY Women's Council in partnership with the researchers, to explore supports for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with a disability in their remote areas.

Objective

This scoping review aims to (a) explore the barriers and enablers to accessing disability support services for families of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (0–8 years) living in regional, rural and remote settings, and (b) summarise best practice approaches for accessing support for young children in these settings.

Design

The search was run in three electronic databases, as well as grey literature sources. We assessed the quality of included publications using the Centre of Research Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange tool. A narrative synthesis was supported by thematic analysis.

Findings

From an initial search (557 citations), we identified 13 eligible documents. Most documents were peer-reviewed articles of qualitative studies. Key themes identified included the following: (1) Holistic approach, (2) Understanding disability, (3) Consistent relationships, (4), Flexibility, (5) Simplify system and (6) Enhance communication.

Discussion/Conclusion

This scoping review has revealed gaps in the provision of quality, culturally responsive disability services for families of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia. A family-centred, flexible approach will help address their needs. Future research is required to design and evaluate models of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

导言:许多专家和社区对如何向土著儿童和托雷斯海峡儿童提供国家残疾保险计划服务表示担忧。这项研究是应 NPY 妇女理事会的要求,与研究人员合作开展的,目的是探讨如何为偏远地区的土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民残疾儿童提供支持:本次范围界定审查旨在:(a) 探讨生活在地区、农村和偏远环境中的土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民幼儿(0-8 岁)家庭在获得残疾支持服务方面遇到的障碍和有利因素;(b) 总结在这些环境中为幼儿提供支持的最佳实践方法:设计:我们在三个电子数据库以及灰色文献来源中进行了搜索。我们使用原住民慢性病知识转化与交流卓越研究中心的工具对收录出版物的质量进行了评估。通过主题分析进行了叙述性综合:通过初步检索(557 条引文),我们确定了 13 篇符合条件的文献。大多数文献都是经同行评审的定性研究文章。确定的关键主题包括以下内容:(1) 整体方法;(2) 理解残疾;(3) 一致的关系;(4) 灵活性;(5) 简化系统;(6) 加强沟通:本次范围界定审查揭示了在为居住在澳大利亚地区、农村和偏远地区的土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民儿童家庭提供优质的、符合其文化背景的残疾服务方面存在的差距。以家庭为中心的灵活方法将有助于满足他们的需求。未来需要开展研究,以设计和评估针对土著和托雷斯海峡岛民儿童的护理模式。
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引用次数: 0
Rural community-centred co-planning for sustainable rural health systems 以农村社区为中心,共同规划可持续的农村医疗系统。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13162
Nerida Hyett PhD, Mandy Hutchinson Grad Cert, Donna Doyle Post Grad Healthcare Leadership, Trevor Adem MBA, Dallas Coghill Grad Dip Critical Care, Pamela Harvey PhD, Catherine Lees PhD, Belinda O'Sullivan PhD

Objective

Sustaining rural healthcare services is challenging because of numerous systemic factors. Rural communities can inform the design of sustainable rural health models; however, further evidence of effective co-design is needed to guide implementation. The study aim was to co-design a series of place-based and evidence-informed rural health models, to improve local health system sustainability.

Setting

A rural region (categorised as Modified Monash Model 5) defined by three adjoining Shires in Central and Northwest Victoria, Australia.

Participants

A health executive co-planning network led the co-design, with input and oversight from a broader cross-sector group. Healthcare professionals (n = 44) and consumers and carers (n = 21) participated in interviews, and an online survey was completed by healthcare professionals (n = 11) and consumers and carers (n = 7) to provide feedback on the preliminary results.

Design

Community-based participatory action research was applied incorporating co-design methods and systems thinking. Data were collected through qualitative interviews followed by an online feedback survey. Mixed method data analysis (QUAL-quant) was conducted with qualitative directed content analysis of interview transcripts and quantitative descriptive analyses of survey responses to aid prioritisation.

Results

Healthcare priorities, strengths and challenges, and proposed rural health models are described. A rural health system sustainability strategy was developed with three integrated pillars: 1. Workforce strengthening, 2. Integrated health services and 3. Innovative models of care.

Conclusion

Community-centred co-design with rural health stakeholders was effective for generating locally tailored ideas and potential health models that emulate community strengths and resources, and provide a foundation for further planning, implementation and evaluation.

目的:由于诸多系统性因素,农村医疗服务的可持续发展具有挑战性。农村社区可以为可持续农村医疗模式的设计提供信息;但是,还需要更多有效共同设计的证据来指导实施。本研究旨在共同设计一系列以地方为基础、以证据为依据的农村医疗模式,以改善当地医疗系统的可持续性:研究地点:澳大利亚维多利亚州中部和西北部的一个农村地区(被归类为 "莫纳什模式 5"),该地区由三个相邻的郡组成:卫生行政人员共同规划网络领导共同设计工作,更广泛的跨部门小组提供意见和监督。医疗保健专业人员(44 人)、消费者和护理人员(21 人)参加了访谈,医疗保健专业人员(11 人)、消费者和护理人员(7 人)完成了在线调查,就初步结果提供反馈:设计:采用基于社区的参与式行动研究,并融入共同设计方法和系统思维。通过定性访谈收集数据,然后进行在线反馈调查。采用混合方法进行数据分析(QUAL-quant),对访谈记录进行定性内容分析,对调查反馈进行定量描述性分析,以帮助确定优先事项:结果:描述了医疗保健的优先事项、优势和挑战以及拟议的农村医疗保健模式。制定了农村医疗系统可持续发展战略,包括三个综合支柱:1.加强劳动力,2. 综合医疗服务,3.创新医疗模式:结论:以社区为中心,与农村卫生利益相关者共同设计,能有效地产生适合当地情况的想法和潜在的卫生模式,这些想法和模式可借鉴社区的优势和资源,并为进一步的规划、实施和评估奠定基础。
{"title":"Rural community-centred co-planning for sustainable rural health systems","authors":"Nerida Hyett PhD,&nbsp;Mandy Hutchinson Grad Cert,&nbsp;Donna Doyle Post Grad Healthcare Leadership,&nbsp;Trevor Adem MBA,&nbsp;Dallas Coghill Grad Dip Critical Care,&nbsp;Pamela Harvey PhD,&nbsp;Catherine Lees PhD,&nbsp;Belinda O'Sullivan PhD","doi":"10.1111/ajr.13162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajr.13162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sustaining rural healthcare services is challenging because of numerous systemic factors. Rural communities can inform the design of sustainable rural health models; however, further evidence of effective co-design is needed to guide implementation. The study aim was to co-design a series of place-based and evidence-informed rural health models, to improve local health system sustainability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A rural region (categorised as Modified Monash Model 5) defined by three adjoining Shires in Central and Northwest Victoria, Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A health executive co-planning network led the co-design, with input and oversight from a broader cross-sector group. Healthcare professionals (<i>n</i> = 44) and consumers and carers (<i>n</i> = 21) participated in interviews, and an online survey was completed by healthcare professionals (<i>n</i> = 11) and consumers and carers (<i>n</i> = 7) to provide feedback on the preliminary results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community-based participatory action research was applied incorporating co-design methods and systems thinking. Data were collected through qualitative interviews followed by an online feedback survey. Mixed method data analysis (QUAL-quant) was conducted with qualitative directed content analysis of interview transcripts and quantitative descriptive analyses of survey responses to aid prioritisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthcare priorities, strengths and challenges, and proposed rural health models are described. A rural health system sustainability strategy was developed with three integrated pillars: 1. Workforce strengthening, 2. Integrated health services and 3. Innovative models of care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community-centred co-design with rural health stakeholders was effective for generating locally tailored ideas and potential health models that emulate community strengths and resources, and provide a foundation for further planning, implementation and evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55421,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Rural Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajr.13162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multicultural competence in rural Australian surgical systems 澳大利亚农村外科系统的多元文化能力。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13155
Gavin J. Carmichael BSc, Brandon Stretton MBBS, MClinEd, Jonathan Henry Jacobsen BSc (Hons), PhD, Aashray K. Gupta MBBS, MS, Thiep Kuany MD, Yuchen Luo MBBS, MS, Stephen Bacchi MBBS, PhD, Matthew Marshall-Webb MBBS, Vasiliki Arachi LLB, LLM, David R. Tivey BSc (Hons), PhD, Joshua G. Kovoor MBBS, MS
{"title":"Multicultural competence in rural Australian surgical systems","authors":"Gavin J. Carmichael BSc,&nbsp;Brandon Stretton MBBS, MClinEd,&nbsp;Jonathan Henry Jacobsen BSc (Hons), PhD,&nbsp;Aashray K. Gupta MBBS, MS,&nbsp;Thiep Kuany MD,&nbsp;Yuchen Luo MBBS, MS,&nbsp;Stephen Bacchi MBBS, PhD,&nbsp;Matthew Marshall-Webb MBBS,&nbsp;Vasiliki Arachi LLB, LLM,&nbsp;David R. Tivey BSc (Hons), PhD,&nbsp;Joshua G. Kovoor MBBS, MS","doi":"10.1111/ajr.13155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajr.13155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55421,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Rural Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations. A systematic review with meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations 农村和城市人口中肌肉骨骼疼痛的全球流行率。系统回顾与荟萃分析。农村和城市人口中的肌肉骨骼疼痛。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13161
Carlos I. Mesa-Castrillon PhD, Paula R. Beckenkamp PhD, Manuela Ferreira PhD, Milena Simic PhD, Phillip R. Davis PT, Antonio Michell PT, Evangelos Pappas PhD, Georgina Luscombe PhD, Marcos De Noronha PhD, Paulo Ferreira PhD

Introduction

To systematically compare the global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and care-seeking in rural and urban populations.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies reporting a direct comparison of rural and urban populations was conducted worldwide and included back, knee, hip, shoulder, neck pain and a broad diagnosis of ‘musculoskeletal pain’. A search strategy combining terms related to ‘prevalence’, ‘musculoskeletal pain’ and ‘rural’ was used on the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and rural and remote health from their inception to 1 June 2022. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the data. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

A total of 42 studies from 24 countries were included with a total population of 489 439 participants. The quality scores for the included studies, using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale tool, showed an average score of 0.78/1, which represents an overall good quality. The pooled analysis showed statistically greater odds of hip (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.23–2.15), shoulder (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.06–1.90) and overall musculoskeletal pain (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08–1.47) in rural populations compared to urban populations. Although the odds of seeking treatment were higher in rural populations this relationship was not statistically significant (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.55–1.03).

Conclusion

Very low-certainty evidence suggests that musculoskeletal, hip and shoulder pain are more prevalent in rural than urban areas, although neck, back and knee pain, along with care-seeking, showed no significant difference between these populations. Strategies aimed to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal pain should consider the specific needs and limited access to quality evidence-based care for musculoskeletal pain of rural populations.

简介:目的:系统比较全球农村和城市人口的肌肉骨骼疼痛患病率和就医情况:系统比较全球农村和城市人口中肌肉骨骼疼痛的患病率和就医情况:在全球范围内对直接比较农村和城市人口的观察性研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,包括背部、膝部、髋部、肩部、颈部疼痛以及 "肌肉骨骼疼痛 "的广泛诊断。在以下数据库中使用了与 "患病率"、"肌肉骨骼疼痛 "和 "农村 "相关的搜索策略:MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、Scopus 以及农村和偏远地区健康等数据库,检索期从开始到 2022 年 6 月 1 日。采用随机效应荟萃分析法汇总数据。结果以几率比(OR)和 95% 置信区间(95% CI)表示:共纳入了来自 24 个国家的 42 项研究,总参与人数为 489 439 人。采用修改后的纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表工具对纳入研究进行质量评分,结果显示平均得分为 0.78/1,总体质量良好。汇总分析表明,与城市人口相比,农村人口发生髋关节疼痛(OR = 1.62,95% CI = 1.23-2.15)、肩关节疼痛(OR = 1.42,95% CI = 1.06-1.90)和整体肌肉骨骼疼痛(OR = 1.26,95% CI = 1.08-1.47)的几率更高。虽然农村人口寻求治疗的几率更高,但这一关系在统计学上并不显著(OR = 0.76,95% CI = 0.55-1.03):极低确定性的证据表明,肌肉骨骼、髋部和肩部疼痛在农村地区比城市地区更为普遍,尽管颈部、背部和膝部疼痛以及寻求治疗的情况在这些人群之间没有明显差异。旨在减轻肌肉骨骼疼痛负担的策略应考虑到农村人口的特殊需求,以及在肌肉骨骼疼痛方面获得优质循证护理的机会有限的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of ‘place’ and its influence on rural and remote health and well-being in Australia 地方 "的重要性及其对澳大利亚农村和偏远地区健康和福祉的影响。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13158
Iain Butterworth PhD, Timmy Duggan, Rodney Greene, Matthew McConnell MD, James A. Smith PhD, Susanne Tegan, Carmel Williams MPH, Neha Lalchandani PhD, Amy Stearn

Aims

This article explores the crucial role of ‘place’ as an ecological, social and cultural determinant of health and well-being, with a focus on the benefits and challenges of living rurally and remotely in Australia.

Context

The health system, including health promotion, can contribute actively to creating supportive environments and places that foster health and well-being among individuals residing in rural and remote locations. For First Nations peoples, living on Country, and caring for Country and its people, are core to Indigenous worldviews, and the promotion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and well-being. Their forced removal from ancestral lands has been catastrophic. For all people, living in rural and remote areas can deliver an abundance of the elements that contribute to a ‘liveable’ community, including access to fresh air, green and blue space, agricultural employment, tight-knit communities, a sense of belonging and identity, and social capital. However, living remotely also can limit access to employment opportunities, clean water, affordable food, reliable transport, social infrastructure, social networks and preventive health services. ‘Place’ is a critical enabler of maintaining a healthy life. However, current trends have led to a reduction in local services and resources, and increased exposure to the impacts of climate change.

Approach

This commentary suggests ideas and strategies through which people in rural and remote locations can strengthen the liveability, resilience and identity of their communities, and regain access to essential health care and health promotion services and resources.

Conclusion

Recommended strategies include online access to education, employment and telehealth; flexible provision of social infrastructure; and meaningful and responsive university-health service partnerships.

目的:本文探讨了 "地方 "作为健康和幸福的生态、社会和文化决定因素的关键作用,重点是澳大利亚农村和偏远地区生活的益处和挑战:包括健康促进在内的卫生系统可以为创造有利的环境和场所做出积极贡献,从而促进居住在农村和偏远地区的人们的健康和幸福。对于原住民来说,生活在乡村,关爱乡村及其人民,是土著世界观的核心,也是促进土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民健康和福祉的核心。他们被迫离开祖先的土地是灾难性的。对所有人来说,生活在农村和偏远地区都能为 "宜居 "社区带来丰富的元素,包括呼吸新鲜空气、享受绿色和蓝色空间、农业就业、紧密的社区、归属感和认同感以及社会资本。然而,偏远地区的生活也会限制人们获得就业机会、清洁水、负担得起的食物、可靠的交通、社会基础设施、社会网络和预防性医疗服务。地方 "是保持健康生活的关键因素。然而,当前的趋势已导致当地服务和资源的减少,并增加了受气候变化影响的风险:本评论提出了一些想法和策略,通过这些想法和策略,农村和偏远地区的人们可以加强其社区的宜居性、复原力和认同感,并重新获得基本的医疗保健和健康促进服务和资源:建议采取的战略包括在线教育、就业和远程医疗;灵活提供社会基础设施;以及建立有意义且反应迅速的大学-医疗服务合作伙伴关系。
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引用次数: 0
‘We know the lack of services': Service lead’s perspective of enablers and barriers to hearing assessment for children in metropolitan, regional and rural Australia: A qualitative study 我们知道缺乏服务":服务领导者对澳大利亚大都市、地区和乡村儿童听力评估的促进因素和障碍的看法:定性研究。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13157
Jenna Zussino BSpPath, Barbra Zupan PhD, Robyn Preston PhD

Objective

To explore potential enablers and barriers to accessing paediatric hearing assessment from the perspective of Australian service leads, extending previous studies on this topic from the perspectives of two other stakeholder groups – parents and speech pathologists.

Design

This qualitative study, expanding upon previous mixed-methods studies, applied a pragmatism paradigm.

Setting

The study was undertaken online via Zoom and included participants who were service leads of organisations that offer hearing assessment in metropolitan, regional, rural and remote parts of Australia.

Participants

Eight Australian service leads participated in semi-structured interviews.

Results

Barriers identified were similar to barriers in previous studies. Three main themes were identified. First, children with hearing loss in Australia are well identified at birth. The second theme focused on the reduced and inconsistent hearing assessment services available after this age. Finally, service leads discussed the importance of embracing technology to solve service access difficulties.

Conclusion

Consultation with key stakeholders, to consider the needs of different communities within Australia, will be crucial when identifying new service delivery options.

目标:从澳大利亚服务领导者的角度探讨获得儿科听力评估的潜在促进因素和障碍,并从另外两个利益相关者群体--家长和言语病理学家的角度扩展之前有关该主题的研究:这项定性研究是对以往混合方法研究的扩展,采用了实用主义范式:研究通过 Zoom 在线进行,参与者包括澳大利亚大都市、地区、农村和偏远地区提供听力评估的机构的服务负责人:八名澳大利亚服务负责人参加了半结构化访谈:结果:发现的障碍与之前研究中的障碍相似。发现了三大主题。首先,澳大利亚的听力损失儿童在出生时就能被很好地识别出来。第二个主题集中在出生后听力评估服务的减少和不一致。最后,服务负责人讨论了利用技术解决服务获取困难的重要性:结论:在确定新的服务提供方案时,与主要利益相关者进行磋商以考虑澳大利亚不同社区的需求至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of sleep on educational outcome of Indigenous Australian children: A systematic review 睡眠对澳大利亚土著儿童教育成果的影响:系统回顾。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13156
Khadija Fatima BPharm, Sharon Varela PhD (Psych), Yaqoot Fatima PhD (Epidemiology), Daniel Lindsay PhD, Malama Gray BBus (Management), Alice Cairns PhD (BAOccThpy)

Introduction

The association between quality sleep and improved cognition is well reported in literature. However, very few studies have been undertaken to evaluate the impact of poor sleep on educational outcomes in Indigenous Australian children.

Objectives

The objective of this review was to explore the association between sleep and educational outcomes of Indigenous children.

Methods

For this systematic review, a literature search covering research articles in academic databases and grey literature sources was conducted to retrieve studies published until March 2022. Eight online e-databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, HealthinfoNet, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Google Scholar) were searched for data extraction and two appraisal tools (NIH and CREATE) were used for quality assessment. Studies that explored any aspect of sleep health in relation to educational/academic outcomes in school going Indigenous Australian children aged 5–18 were included in this study. All review articles and studies that focused on physical/ mental disabilities or parent perceptions of sleep and educational outcomes were excluded. A convergent integrated approach was used to collate and synthesize information.

Results

Only three studies (two cross-sectional and one longitudinal) met the eligibility criteria out of 574 articles. The sample size ranged from 21–50 of 6 to 13 year old children. A strong relationship was indicated between sleep quantity and educational outcomes, in two of the three studies. One study related the sleep fragmentation/shorter sleep schedules of short sleep class and early risers with poorer reading (B = −30.81 to −37.28, p = 0.006 to 0.023), grammar (B = −39.79 to −47.89, p = 0.012–0.013) and numeracy (B = −37.93 to −50.15, p = 0.003 to 0.022) skills compared with long sleep and normative sleep class whereas another reported no significant relation between sleep and educational outcomes.

Conclusion

The review highlights the need for more research to provide evidence of potentially modifiable factors such as sleep and the impact these may have on academic performance.

简介优质睡眠与认知能力提高之间的关系在文献中已有大量报道。然而,很少有研究评估睡眠不足对澳大利亚土著儿童教育成果的影响:本综述旨在探讨睡眠与土著儿童教育成果之间的关系:为了进行此次系统性综述,我们对学术数据库和灰色文献来源中的研究文章进行了文献检索,以检索 2022 年 3 月之前发表的研究。检索了八个在线电子数据库(PubMed、Ovid MEDLINE、CINAHL、SCOPUS、HealthinfoNet、PsycINFO、Cochrane 和 Google Scholar)以提取数据,并使用两个评估工具(NIH 和 CREATE)进行质量评估。本研究纳入了探讨睡眠健康与 5-18 岁上学的澳大利亚土著儿童教育/学业成果相关的任何方面的研究。所有综述文章和侧重于身体/精神残疾或家长对睡眠和教育成果看法的研究均被排除在外。研究采用聚合综合法来整理和归纳信息:在 574 篇文章中,只有三项研究(两项横断面研究和一项纵向研究)符合资格标准。样本量从 21 至 50 个 6 至 13 岁儿童不等。三项研究中有两项表明,睡眠量与教育成果之间存在密切关系。一项研究表明,与长睡眠和正常睡眠班级相比,短睡眠班级和早起儿童的睡眠碎片/较短睡眠时间与较差的阅读(B = -30.81 至 -37.28,p = 0.006 至 0.023)、语法(B = -39.79 至 -47.89,p = 0.012 至 0.013)和算术(B = -37.93 至 -50.15,p = 0.003 至 0.022)技能有关,而另一项研究则报告睡眠与教育成果之间没有显著关系:本综述强调需要开展更多研究,以提供睡眠等潜在可调节因素的证据,以及这些因素可能对学习成绩产生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Rural physician–community engagement: Building, supporting and maintaining resilient health care strategies in three rural Canadian communities 农村医生-社区参与:在加拿大三个农村社区建立、支持和维护弹性医疗保健战略。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13154
Alexandra Bland MSc, Anthon Meyer MD, Eliseo Orrantia MD, Ilona Hale MD, Stefan Grzybowski MD

Objective

To explore rural physician–community engagement through three case studies in order to understand the role that these relationships can play in increasing community-level resilience to climate change and ecosystem disruption.

Design

Qualitative secondary case study analysis.

Setting

Three Canadian rural communities (BC n = 2, Ontario n = 1).

Participants

Rural family physicians and community members.

Methods

Twenty-eight semi-structured virtual interviews, conducted between November 2021 and February 2022, were included. Communities were selected from the larger data set based on data availability, level of physician engagement and demographic factors. Thematic analysis was completed in NVivo using deductive coding.

Main Findings

The presented qualitative case studies shed light on the strategies employed by physicians to establish and foster relationships within rural communities during challenging circumstances. In Community A, the implementation of a Primary Care Society (PCS) not only addressed physician shortages but also facilitated the development of strong continuity of care through proactive recruitment efforts. Community B showcased the adoption of an ‘intentional physician community’ model, emphasising collaboration and community consultation, resulting in effective communication of public health directives and innovative interdisciplinary action during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Community C, engaged physicians and community advocates are aligned to contribute to the long-term sustainability of the rural community, particularly in the context of food security and climate change vulnerabilities.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the significance of trust building, transparent communication and collaboration in addressing health care challenges in rural areas and emphasise the need to recognise and support physicians as agents of change.

目的通过三个案例研究探讨乡村医生与社区的互动关系,以了解这些关系在提高社区应对气候变化和生态系统破坏的能力方面所能发挥的作用:设计:定性二级案例研究分析:三个加拿大农村社区(不列颠哥伦比亚省 2 个,安大略省 1 个):农村家庭医生和社区成员:在 2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 2 月期间进行了 28 次半结构化虚拟访谈。根据数据可用性、医生参与程度和人口统计因素,从更大的数据集中选择社区。采用演绎编码法在 NVivo 中完成了专题分析:所提交的定性案例研究揭示了在充满挑战的情况下,医生在农村社区内建立和促进关系的策略。在社区 A,初级保健协会(PCS)的实施不仅解决了医生短缺的问题,还通过积极主动的招聘工作促进了医疗服务连续性的发展。社区 B 展示了 "意向性医生社区 "模式的采用,强调合作和社区咨询,从而在 COVID-19 大流行期间有效传达了公共卫生指令并采取了创新的跨学科行动。在社区 C 中,参与的医生和社区倡导者齐心协力,为农村社区的长期可持续发展做出贡献,特别是在粮食安全和气候变化脆弱性的背景下:这些发现强调了建立信任、透明沟通与合作在应对农村地区医疗挑战中的重要性,并强调了承认和支持医生作为变革推动者的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Australian Journal of Rural Health
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