Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/21677026231172694
Patty B Kuo, Michael J Tanana, Simon B Goldberg, Derek D Caperton, Shrikanth Narayanan, David C Atkins, Zac E Imel
Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of machine learning that may facilitate the evaluation of therapist-client interactions and provide feedback to therapists on client outcomes on a large scale. However, there have been limited studies applying NLP models to client outcome prediction that have (a) used transcripts of therapist-client interactions as direct predictors of client symptom improvement, (b) accounted for contextual linguistic complexities, and (c) used best practices in classical training and test splits in model development. Using 2,630 session recordings from 795 clients and 56 therapists, we developed NLP models that directly predicted client symptoms of a given session based on session recordings of the previous session (Spearman's rho =0.32, p<.001). Our results highlight the potential for NLP models to be implemented in outcome monitoring systems to improve quality of care. We discuss implications for future research and applications.
{"title":"Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Client Distress From Session Recordings.","authors":"Patty B Kuo, Michael J Tanana, Simon B Goldberg, Derek D Caperton, Shrikanth Narayanan, David C Atkins, Zac E Imel","doi":"10.1177/21677026231172694","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21677026231172694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of machine learning that may facilitate the evaluation of therapist-client interactions and provide feedback to therapists on client outcomes on a large scale. However, there have been limited studies applying NLP models to client outcome prediction that have (a) used transcripts of therapist-client interactions as direct predictors of client symptom improvement, (b) accounted for contextual linguistic complexities, and (c) used best practices in classical training and test splits in model development. Using 2,630 session recordings from 795 clients and 56 therapists, we developed NLP models that directly predicted client symptoms of a given session based on session recordings of the previous session (Spearman's rho =0.32, p<.001). Our results highlight the potential for NLP models to be implemented in outcome monitoring systems to improve quality of care. We discuss implications for future research and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"76 1","pages":"435-446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11299859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80657086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2270681
C. Rajapaksha, L. A. Apiolaza, M. A. Squire, C. M. Altaner
A Eucalyptus bosistoana breeding trial established in New Zealand to select plants with improved growth and wood properties was assessed for essential-oil traits. Mature leaves of 8-year-old E. bosistoana were collected from 1901 trees representing 85 families. Twenty compounds were quantified in these samples. Heritability estimates (h2) of the quantified essential-oil compounds ranged from 0.06 to 1.14, with the most abundant compounds 1,8-cineole, aromadendrene and the unidentified compound 8 showing the highest h2 of 0.78, 1.14 and 0.59, respectively. Total oil content of the leaves had moderate (0.25) heritability. The estimated negative correlation between total oil content and 1,8-cineole concentration at the phenotypic and genetic levels (rp = –0.44 and rg = –0.70, respectively) implies that families with higher-quality oil had less oil in the leaves. 1,8-cineole was genetically negatively correlated with myrcene (rg = –0.74), α-pinene (rg = –0.71), linalool (rg = –0.90), aromadendrene (rg = –0.94), trans-pinocarveol (rg = –0.75) and the unknown compounds 3 (rg = –0.91), 6 (rg = –0.83), 8 (rg = –0.88) and 9 (rg = –0.75). Seven of the 85 families had breeding values consistent with the standard commercial oil-quality requirement of over 70% 1,8-cineole. The results indicate that a breeding program could aid essential-oil production from E. bosistoana.
{"title":"Genetic parameters of essential-oil traits for <i>Eucalyptus bosistoana</i>","authors":"C. Rajapaksha, L. A. Apiolaza, M. A. Squire, C. M. Altaner","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2023.2270681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2023.2270681","url":null,"abstract":"A Eucalyptus bosistoana breeding trial established in New Zealand to select plants with improved growth and wood properties was assessed for essential-oil traits. Mature leaves of 8-year-old E. bosistoana were collected from 1901 trees representing 85 families. Twenty compounds were quantified in these samples. Heritability estimates (h2) of the quantified essential-oil compounds ranged from 0.06 to 1.14, with the most abundant compounds 1,8-cineole, aromadendrene and the unidentified compound 8 showing the highest h2 of 0.78, 1.14 and 0.59, respectively. Total oil content of the leaves had moderate (0.25) heritability. The estimated negative correlation between total oil content and 1,8-cineole concentration at the phenotypic and genetic levels (rp = –0.44 and rg = –0.70, respectively) implies that families with higher-quality oil had less oil in the leaves. 1,8-cineole was genetically negatively correlated with myrcene (rg = –0.74), α-pinene (rg = –0.71), linalool (rg = –0.90), aromadendrene (rg = –0.94), trans-pinocarveol (rg = –0.75) and the unknown compounds 3 (rg = –0.91), 6 (rg = –0.83), 8 (rg = –0.88) and 9 (rg = –0.75). Seven of the 85 families had breeding values consistent with the standard commercial oil-quality requirement of over 70% 1,8-cineole. The results indicate that a breeding program could aid essential-oil production from E. bosistoana.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"51 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2273159
E. K. Stuart, M. Monk, P. Green, I. C. Anderson, A. Carnegie, J. M. Plett, K. L. Plett
During containerised production in forest nurseries, seedlings are often intensively fertilised to maximise seedling survival and growth. However, this practice can inadvertently harm the development of a robust root microbiome needed for plant resilience post-planting. In this controlled study using Pinus radiata, we combined reduced fertilisation and seedling inoculation with a diverse ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community as an alternative to intensive, industry-standard fertilisation. After 9 months, we investigated growth responses and changes to ECM and non-ECM root fungal communities. Reduced fertilisation improved the belowground growth and mycorrhizal root colonisation of inoculated seedlings. Isotopic nutrient tracing determined that, under moderate fertilisation, more photosynthetically fixed carbon was allocated belowground, and root-tip nitrogen (N) accumulation, a proxy for N uptake from the soil, also increased. Fertilisation level resulted in shifts in both ECM and non-ECM fungal community composition and substantial changes in the abundance of certain fungi. This study demonstrates that employing more-mycocentric fertilisation regimes may improve plantation nursery outcomes and that interactions between ECM and non-ECM fungi within inocula should be considered when studying the role of the soil microbiome in supporting P. radiata growth during containerised production.
{"title":"Mycocentric fertilisation of ectomycorrhizae-inoculated <i>Pinus radiata</i> during containerised production alters root microbiome and growth outcomes","authors":"E. K. Stuart, M. Monk, P. Green, I. C. Anderson, A. Carnegie, J. M. Plett, K. L. Plett","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2023.2273159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2023.2273159","url":null,"abstract":"During containerised production in forest nurseries, seedlings are often intensively fertilised to maximise seedling survival and growth. However, this practice can inadvertently harm the development of a robust root microbiome needed for plant resilience post-planting. In this controlled study using Pinus radiata, we combined reduced fertilisation and seedling inoculation with a diverse ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community as an alternative to intensive, industry-standard fertilisation. After 9 months, we investigated growth responses and changes to ECM and non-ECM root fungal communities. Reduced fertilisation improved the belowground growth and mycorrhizal root colonisation of inoculated seedlings. Isotopic nutrient tracing determined that, under moderate fertilisation, more photosynthetically fixed carbon was allocated belowground, and root-tip nitrogen (N) accumulation, a proxy for N uptake from the soil, also increased. Fertilisation level resulted in shifts in both ECM and non-ECM fungal community composition and substantial changes in the abundance of certain fungi. This study demonstrates that employing more-mycocentric fertilisation regimes may improve plantation nursery outcomes and that interactions between ECM and non-ECM fungi within inocula should be considered when studying the role of the soil microbiome in supporting P. radiata growth during containerised production.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"53 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2275847
J. F. B. de São José, C. G. Volpiano, A. Ambrosini, B. B. Lisboa, A. A. Simon, J. de Oliveira, L. M. P. Passaglia, L. K. Vargas, A. Beneduzi
ABSTRACTBlack wattle (Acacia mearnsii) is one of the most important commercial tree species in southern Brazil, where it is planted for multiple uses, such as cellulose pulp production and tannin extraction. Recently, forest companies have been directing their efforts towards vegetative propagation to improve the productivity of black-wattle plantations. However, rooting rates of this species are low, even when treated with the synthetic auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Thus, rooting black-wattle cuttings is still considered a bottleneck for industry development. On the other hand, it is known that inoculating cuttings with indole acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacteria can be an efficient method for increasing vegetative propagation. This study investigated the potential of two bacterial strains to promote root development in black wattle. The strains SEMIA 436 and 439 (Agrobacterium radiobacter), previously isolated from the common bean and detected as high-IAA producers, were also evaluated in relation to their colonisation capacity in seedling roots. Results showed that inoculation with both strains increased rooting rates by 20−30% compared with non-treated and IBA-treated cuttings. Moreover, inoculation increased root dry mass, length and volume. Strain SEMIA 436 demonstrated higher colonisation capacity.KEYWORDS: black wattleSEMIA 436SEMIA 439indole acetic acid AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped improve the manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Indole acetic-producing bacteria promote the root development of <i>Acacia mearnsii</i> cuttings","authors":"J. F. B. de São José, C. G. Volpiano, A. Ambrosini, B. B. Lisboa, A. A. Simon, J. de Oliveira, L. M. P. Passaglia, L. K. Vargas, A. Beneduzi","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2023.2275847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2023.2275847","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTBlack wattle (Acacia mearnsii) is one of the most important commercial tree species in southern Brazil, where it is planted for multiple uses, such as cellulose pulp production and tannin extraction. Recently, forest companies have been directing their efforts towards vegetative propagation to improve the productivity of black-wattle plantations. However, rooting rates of this species are low, even when treated with the synthetic auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Thus, rooting black-wattle cuttings is still considered a bottleneck for industry development. On the other hand, it is known that inoculating cuttings with indole acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacteria can be an efficient method for increasing vegetative propagation. This study investigated the potential of two bacterial strains to promote root development in black wattle. The strains SEMIA 436 and 439 (Agrobacterium radiobacter), previously isolated from the common bean and detected as high-IAA producers, were also evaluated in relation to their colonisation capacity in seedling roots. Results showed that inoculation with both strains increased rooting rates by 20−30% compared with non-treated and IBA-treated cuttings. Moreover, inoculation increased root dry mass, length and volume. Strain SEMIA 436 demonstrated higher colonisation capacity.KEYWORDS: black wattleSEMIA 436SEMIA 439indole acetic acid AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped improve the manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"123 47","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2275844
M. Strandgard, R. Mitchell
Infield chipping harvest systems are widely used in Australia and overseas to produce woodchips for pulp production from short-rotation plantations because they can produce uniform woodchips at low cost with high productivity from small trees. Flail chains are used in these systems to remove leaves, small branches and bark prior to chipping because these components are undesirable in paper products. Flail chains wear during use and lose links, requiring chains to be replaced. A range of flail chains is available but the most recent studies comparing flail chain performance were conducted over 30 years ago. The aim of the present study was to address this knowledge gap by comparing the performance of five flail chain types currently in use in terms of their impact on flail productivity, fuel use, woodchip bark content, chain wear and chain replacement costs. The study was conducted on a Husky Precision 2300–4 flail operating in 13-year-old Eucalyptus globulus plantations in southwest Western Australia producing export woodchips. No significant differences were found between the studied flail chains in terms of woodchip bark content, flail productivity or flail fuel use. In all cases, bark content met company standards (<0.5%). Significant differences were found between the studied flail chains in terms of their wear, link losses and replacement costs. Chain replacement costs as a proportion of total flail costs were found to be considerably lower (<1% to 4%) than those reported in previous studies (>20%).
{"title":"Impact of flail chain characteristics on productivity, costs, bark content and fuel use when processing short-rotation <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> trees to produce woodchips","authors":"M. Strandgard, R. Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2023.2275844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2023.2275844","url":null,"abstract":"Infield chipping harvest systems are widely used in Australia and overseas to produce woodchips for pulp production from short-rotation plantations because they can produce uniform woodchips at low cost with high productivity from small trees. Flail chains are used in these systems to remove leaves, small branches and bark prior to chipping because these components are undesirable in paper products. Flail chains wear during use and lose links, requiring chains to be replaced. A range of flail chains is available but the most recent studies comparing flail chain performance were conducted over 30 years ago. The aim of the present study was to address this knowledge gap by comparing the performance of five flail chain types currently in use in terms of their impact on flail productivity, fuel use, woodchip bark content, chain wear and chain replacement costs. The study was conducted on a Husky Precision 2300–4 flail operating in 13-year-old Eucalyptus globulus plantations in southwest Western Australia producing export woodchips. No significant differences were found between the studied flail chains in terms of woodchip bark content, flail productivity or flail fuel use. In all cases, bark content met company standards (<0.5%). Significant differences were found between the studied flail chains in terms of their wear, link losses and replacement costs. Chain replacement costs as a proportion of total flail costs were found to be considerably lower (<1% to 4%) than those reported in previous studies (>20%).","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"89 s376","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2257432
G. Wang, X. Zhu, J. Yang
ABSTRACTPinus tabuliformis is a forest-building species in the Luoshan National Nature Reserve, Ningxia, China, and has crucial ecological value. Understanding its spatial distribution can play an important role in ecosystem management and conservation. Here, the spatial point pattern method was used to analyse the spatial renewal pattern of 2037 living and dead pine seedlings, young trees and large trees and to study the correlation between the distribution of seedlings/young trees and large trees. The results showed that: the P. tabuliformis trees varied moderately in size; the proportion of live plants was 82% in the youngest age class, 97% in the middle age class and 100% in the oldest age class, indicated a growing adaptation to environment; the point pattern of the P. tabuliformis population was generally randomly distributed but showed aggregation at smaller spatial scales for seedlings and young trees; there was no spatial correlation between surviving and dead plants and a weak positive correlation to no correlation among surviving plants of the three age classes (I, seedlings; II, young trees; III, dead trees); and, in general, there was no spatial correlation between dead and live plants. The spatial correlation between dead age-class I plants and living age-class II plants was positive at the spatial scales of 0–1.9 m. The P. tabuliformis population was affected by intraspecies competition and limited resources and space in the central dry zone of Ningxia. The number of seedlings growing into large trees is very small, and the competition for space in the upper canopy of the forest affects the renewal of seedlings and young trees. These findings are used to propose two management interventions for P. tabuliformis forests.KEYWORDS: Luoshan National Nature ReservePinus tabuliformisspatial point pattern analysisspatial correlation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingFunded by the Ningxia Key R&D Project: Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Ecological Restoration and Function Enhancement in Luoshan National Nature Reserve [2021BEG02009].
{"title":"Spatial distribution characteristics of a <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> forest in the central dry zone of Ningxia, China","authors":"G. Wang, X. Zhu, J. Yang","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2023.2257432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2023.2257432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPinus tabuliformis is a forest-building species in the Luoshan National Nature Reserve, Ningxia, China, and has crucial ecological value. Understanding its spatial distribution can play an important role in ecosystem management and conservation. Here, the spatial point pattern method was used to analyse the spatial renewal pattern of 2037 living and dead pine seedlings, young trees and large trees and to study the correlation between the distribution of seedlings/young trees and large trees. The results showed that: the P. tabuliformis trees varied moderately in size; the proportion of live plants was 82% in the youngest age class, 97% in the middle age class and 100% in the oldest age class, indicated a growing adaptation to environment; the point pattern of the P. tabuliformis population was generally randomly distributed but showed aggregation at smaller spatial scales for seedlings and young trees; there was no spatial correlation between surviving and dead plants and a weak positive correlation to no correlation among surviving plants of the three age classes (I, seedlings; II, young trees; III, dead trees); and, in general, there was no spatial correlation between dead and live plants. The spatial correlation between dead age-class I plants and living age-class II plants was positive at the spatial scales of 0–1.9 m. The P. tabuliformis population was affected by intraspecies competition and limited resources and space in the central dry zone of Ningxia. The number of seedlings growing into large trees is very small, and the competition for space in the upper canopy of the forest affects the renewal of seedlings and young trees. These findings are used to propose two management interventions for P. tabuliformis forests.KEYWORDS: Luoshan National Nature ReservePinus tabuliformisspatial point pattern analysisspatial correlation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingFunded by the Ningxia Key R&D Project: Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Ecological Restoration and Function Enhancement in Luoshan National Nature Reserve [2021BEG02009].","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2251249
N. Burrows, A. Wills, V. Densmore
Fuel properties influence the behaviour of forest fires, so understanding how these change with time since fire is important for appraising the bushfire threat and planning and implementing bushfire mitigation operations. A space-for-time study in mature karri forests with fuel ages ranging from 1 to 92 years demonstrated that total fine-fuel weight (TFFW) increased with time since fire for about 30 years then plateaued at a mean value of about 50 t ha−1. For fuels older than four years, on average, 74% of TFFW was in the surface fuel layer (the litterbed) and 17% was in the near-surface layer (up to 1 m above the surface layer). Live understorey vegetation contributed only about 6% to TFFW. Predicting TFFW from time since fire was improved by including karri tree basal area. Mean understorey height (Uht) increased with time since fire, peaking at 6 m after about 30 years, then declining to about 4 m after 92 years. Mean understorey hazard (Uhaz), derived from Uht plus the proportion (%) of dead fuel in each fuel layer, followed a similar trend, peaking at 20–30 years post-fire, then declining. Although Uhaz had declined by 36% from the maximum value by 60+ years post-fire, it was 27% higher than the Uhaz value for young fuels (1−<5 years old). For a mean prescribed-burn interval of eight years, 50% of the forest fuel will be ≤four years old and so will be carrying about ≤19 t ha−1 of fine fuel (≤38% of the maximum value), with a Uhaz value of about <3.56 (<50% of the maximum value). Fuel weight and Uhaz directly influence fire intensity, flame size, spotting potential and rate of spread. Therefore, prescribed burning, done strategically and at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales, will make bushfires less damaging and easier and safer to suppress.
燃料特性影响森林火灾的行为，因此了解这些特性在火灾发生后如何随时间变化，对于评估森林火灾威胁以及规划和实施森林火灾减灾行动非常重要。在燃料年龄为1 ~ 92年的成熟karri森林中进行的时空研究表明，自火灾以来，总细燃料重量(TFFW)随时间增加约30年，然后在平均值约50 tha - 1处趋于稳定。对于4年以上的燃料，平均74%的总ffw在地表燃料层(凋落物床)，17%在近地表(地表以上1米)。活的林下植被仅占总植被的6%。通过加入karri树基面积，改进了火灾后TFFW的预测。火灾后平均林下高度(Uht)随时间增加，约30 a后达到峰值6 m, 92 a后下降至4 m左右。平均下层危害(Uhaz)，由Uht加上每层燃料中死燃料的比例(%)得出，遵循类似的趋势，在火灾后20-30年达到峰值，然后下降。尽管火灾后60多年的Uhaz值比最大值下降了36%，但它比年轻燃料(1 - <5年)的Uhaz值高27%。在平均8年的规定燃烧间隔中，50%的森林燃料将≤4年，因此将携带约≤19 t ha - 1的细燃料(≤最大值的38%)，其Uhaz值约<3.56(<最大值的50%)。燃料重量和Uhaz直接影响火灾强度、火焰大小、发现潜力和蔓延速度。因此，在适当的时间和空间尺度上战略性地进行规定的燃烧，将使森林大火的破坏性更小，更容易和更安全地扑灭。
{"title":"Fuel weight and understorey hazard dynamics in mature karri ( <i>Eucalyptus diversicolor</i> ) forests in southwest Western Australia","authors":"N. Burrows, A. Wills, V. Densmore","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2023.2251249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2023.2251249","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel properties influence the behaviour of forest fires, so understanding how these change with time since fire is important for appraising the bushfire threat and planning and implementing bushfire mitigation operations. A space-for-time study in mature karri forests with fuel ages ranging from 1 to 92 years demonstrated that total fine-fuel weight (TFFW) increased with time since fire for about 30 years then plateaued at a mean value of about 50 t ha−1. For fuels older than four years, on average, 74% of TFFW was in the surface fuel layer (the litterbed) and 17% was in the near-surface layer (up to 1 m above the surface layer). Live understorey vegetation contributed only about 6% to TFFW. Predicting TFFW from time since fire was improved by including karri tree basal area. Mean understorey height (Uht) increased with time since fire, peaking at 6 m after about 30 years, then declining to about 4 m after 92 years. Mean understorey hazard (Uhaz), derived from Uht plus the proportion (%) of dead fuel in each fuel layer, followed a similar trend, peaking at 20–30 years post-fire, then declining. Although Uhaz had declined by 36% from the maximum value by 60+ years post-fire, it was 27% higher than the Uhaz value for young fuels (1−<5 years old). For a mean prescribed-burn interval of eight years, 50% of the forest fuel will be ≤four years old and so will be carrying about ≤19 t ha−1 of fine fuel (≤38% of the maximum value), with a Uhaz value of about <3.56 (<50% of the maximum value). Fuel weight and Uhaz directly influence fire intensity, flame size, spotting potential and rate of spread. Therefore, prescribed burning, done strategically and at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales, will make bushfires less damaging and easier and safer to suppress.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2225348
S. L. Beck-Pay, M. Laing, K. Yobo
{"title":"Determination of productivity, rooting and nutrient profile of Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) hedge plants","authors":"S. L. Beck-Pay, M. Laing, K. Yobo","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2023.2225348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2023.2225348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44930053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2023.2228636
S. Nambiar
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