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Sperm models in European Plecoptera 欧洲Plecoptera的精子模型。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101311
Anna Maria Fausto , Anna Rita Taddei , Maria Cristina Belardinelli , Massimo Ceci , Gabriella Gambellini , Romolo Fochetti

Systematic issues regarding Plecoptera are still debated, and the molecular data seem to be unable to definitively clarify the relationships within the order. Spermatozoa are under constant evolutionary pressure, and comparative spermatology can be useful in carrying systematic and phylogenetic information. In the present paper we describe the sperm structure, using light, scanning and transmission electron and immunofluorescence microscopy, of six Euholognatha species belonging to genera not analyzed in our previous studies, i.e. Capnopsis, Amphinemura, Rhabdiopteryx, Tyrrhenoleuctra, Zwicknia and Protonemura. The spermatozoa of all the species examined are fîliform and have a flagellum characterized by an axoneme with 9 + 9+2 pattern and two mitochondrial derivatives. Their ultrastructure shows a degree of heterogeneity within the order. On the contrary, morphological features of sperm are well conserved inside a single Euholognathan family, and the species share a general family sperm model, even if different interspecific or intergeneric characters can be identified and used for systematic inferences. Among Nemouroidea, Taeniopterygidae, showing a peculiar sperm model, seems to have an isolated phylogenetic position. Nemouridae, with a mono-layered acrosome, are isolated among the remaining families, while we can hypothesize a sister taxa relationship between Leuctridae and Capniidae. As regards Perloidea, the sperm characters suggest a closer relationship between Chloroperlidae and Perlodidae, rather than between Perlidae and Perlodidae, as commonly hypothesized.

关于Plecoptera的系统性问题仍然存在争议,分子数据似乎无法明确阐明该目内的关系。精子处于持续的进化压力下,比较精子学可以用来携带系统和系统发育信息。在本文中,我们使用光、扫描、透射电子和免疫荧光显微镜描述了属于我们以前的研究中未分析的属的六种真颌虫的精子结构,即Capnopsis、Amphenemura、Rhabdipteryx、Tyrrhenoleuctra、Zwicknia和Protonemura。所有被检查物种的精子都是fîliform,有一个鞭毛,其特征是一个9+9+2模式的轴丝和两个线粒体衍生物。它们的超微结构显示出一定程度的异质性。相反,精子的形态特征在一个真颌目家族中是非常保守的,并且该物种共享一个通用的家族精子模型,即使可以识别不同的种间或属间特征并用于系统推断。在线虫总科中,带翅目呈现出独特的精子模式,似乎有一个孤立的系统发育位置。线虫科具有单层顶体,在剩下的科中是孤立的,而我们可以假设Leuctridae和Capnidae之间存在姐妹分类群关系。关于Perloidea,精子特征表明,绿藻科和Perlodae之间的关系更密切,而不是通常假设的Perlidae和Perloidae之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Functional morphology of the mouthparts of longhorn beetle adult Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and sensilla comparisons between the sexes 长角甲虫成年Psacothea hilaris(鞘翅目:角蚧科)口器的功能形态和性别间的感觉器比较。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101312
Chang-Tai Liu, Xin Tong

Psacothea hilaris is an important wood boring beetle that causes significant ecological and economic damage. The mouthparts of P. hilaris contain feeding and sensory structures that play important roles in many behaviors. The study of their functional morphologies provides insight into feeding and sensory mechanisms. The fine structures of the mouthparts and the sensilla of both sexes were observed by scanning electron microscopy, with special attention to quantitative comparisons. The general structures of the mouthparts are similar in males and females. However, the maxillary and labial palps of females are more well-developed than those of males. Six types of sensilla were found in both sexes: sensilla basiconca, sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla digitiformia, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla palmata. This was the first attempt to describe the sensilla on the epipharynx and ligula of Cerambycidae. There were differences in the number of sensilla of males and females, especially on the mandibles, maxillary and labial palps. However, not all types of sensilla have a greater number in females compared to males. The results provide basic information on the gustatory sensation mechanism of Cerambycidae.

肺脊灰甲是一种重要的钻木甲虫,对生态和经济造成严重破坏。肺门蛙的口器包含在许多行为中起重要作用的进食和感觉结构。对其功能形态的研究提供了对进食和感觉机制的深入了解。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了两性口器和感觉器的精细结构,并特别注意定量比较。男性和女性的口器的一般结构相似。然而,雌性的上颌须和唇须比雄性的发达。在两性中都发现了六种类型的感觉器:基本感觉器、毛状感觉器、毛发感觉器、指状感觉器和掌状感觉器。这是首次尝试描述金龟子科上颚和舌舌上的感受器。雄性和雌性的感觉器数量存在差异,尤其是在下颌、上颌和唇须上。然而,并不是所有类型的感受器在雌性中的数量都比雄性多。这些结果为神经虫科味觉机制的研究提供了基础信息。
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引用次数: 0
Trilobite hypostome as a fusion of anterior sclerite and labrum 三叶虫尿道下裂是前部硬骨组织和阴唇的融合体。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101308
Tae-Yoon S. Park

The trilobite hypostome is a biomineralized ventral plate that covers the mouth, but its evolutionary origin remains controversial. The labrum is a lobe-like structure that can take on variety of shapes in front of the mouth in arthropods, while the anterior sclerite refers to a cuticular plate articulated to the anterior margin of the head in some Cambrian arthropods. Here I present a perspective that views the trilobite hypostome as a fusion of the anterior sclerite and the labrum based on anatomical, topological, and developmental evidence. According to this perspective, the anterior lobe of the hypostome originated from the anterior sclerite, while the posterior lobe reflects a remnant of the sclerotized cover of the labrum. The convex anterior lobe housed the root of the eye stalks, represented by the palpebral ridges and the hypostomal wing, and the posterior lobe occasionally developed a pair of posterolateral extensions, as do the labra. The position of the antennal insertion was located in front of the posterior lobe, displaying a similar topology to the Cambrian arthropods with the labrum. The hypostome was present in many artiopodans except for the Conciliterga, in which the anterior sclerite was separate from the labrum.

三叶虫尿道下裂是一种覆盖口腔的生物矿化腹板,但其进化起源仍有争议。在节肢动物中,唇是一种瓣状结构,可以在嘴前呈现各种形状,而在一些寒武纪节肢动物中的前巩膜是指铰接在头部前缘的角质板。在这里,我提出了一个观点,根据解剖、拓扑和发育证据,将三叶虫尿道下裂视为前巩膜和上唇的融合。根据这一观点,尿道下裂的前叶起源于前巩膜组织,而后叶反映了唇缘硬化覆盖层的残余。凸起的前叶容纳了眼柄的根部,以眼睑嵴和尿道下裂翼为代表,后叶偶尔会形成一对后外侧延伸,阴唇也是如此。触角插入的位置位于后叶的前面,显示出与带唇的寒武纪节肢动物相似的拓扑结构。尿道下裂存在于许多人工足类动物中,但Conciliterga除外,后者的前巩膜与唇分离。
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引用次数: 0
Hemocyte morphology of worker subcastes of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 红叶蚁工蚁亚类血细胞形态研究(膜翅目:蚁科)。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101301
Lidia Aparecida Dourado , Leandro Licursi Oliveira , Ana Paula Pereira Raimundo , Jamile Fernanda Silva Cossolin , Jacineumo Falcão de Oliveira , José Eduardo Serrão

Hemocytes are cells present in the hemolymph of insects that play a role in combating invasive pathogens, ensuring defense by the immune system in these organisms. While the types of hemocytes are well known in some insect representatives, data on these cells in Hymenoptera are limited to certain bees and wasps, with little information available for ants. Among ants, the genus Atta has environmental and economic importance, forming highly organized colonies consisting of the queen and workers, with the latter subdivided into subcastes: gardeners, waste removers, foragers, and soldiers, which are exposed to different pathogens. This study describes the morphology of hemocytes in the worker subcastes of Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Hemolymph samples from the ant were submitted to light, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Five types of hemocytes were identified in the hemolymph of all ant subcastes, including prohemocytes, oenocytoids, spherulocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes. They exhibited nuclei with a predominance of decondensed chromatin. The granulocytes were the most abundant cell type in the subcastes, followed by prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, and spherulocytes. Phagocytosis assays reveal that plasmatocytes and granulocytes are the main phagocytic cells in all castes evaluated. This study fills an important gap in understanding the immune response in this ant species.

血细胞是存在于昆虫血淋巴中的细胞,在对抗入侵病原体方面发挥作用,确保这些生物体的免疫系统防御。虽然血细胞的类型在一些昆虫代表中是众所周知的,但膜翅目中关于这些细胞的数据仅限于某些蜜蜂和黄蜂,而蚂蚁的信息很少。在蚂蚁中,阿塔属具有环境和经济重要性,形成了由蚁后和工蚁组成的高度组织化的群落,工蚁又细分为亚类:园丁、废物清除者、觅食者和士兵,它们暴露在不同的病原体中。本研究描述了红曲霉工蜂亚壳血细胞的形态。将蚂蚁的血淋巴样本进行光、共聚焦和扫描电子显微镜分析。在所有蚂蚁亚类的血淋巴中鉴定出五种类型的血细胞,包括血原细胞、卵细胞样细胞、球细胞、浆细胞和粒细胞。它们的细胞核以去致密染色质为主。粒细胞是亚壳细胞中最丰富的细胞类型,其次是血原细胞、浆细胞、类酿酒细胞和球细胞。吞噬细胞测定显示浆细胞和粒细胞是所有评估种姓的主要吞噬细胞。这项研究填补了理解这种蚂蚁的免疫反应的一个重要空白。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida) 蛇床虫雌性踏板性腺的超微结构。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295
Nina Alexeeva , Yuta Tamberg

Phoxichilidium femoratum is a common species of sea spiders – a small and unique group of chelicerates with unusual adult anatomy. In particular, substantial parts of the reproductive system in pycnogonids (unlike euchelicerates) are located in the appendages. Existing studies of pycnogonid gonads are often limited to light-microscopic level, cover a small range of species, and focus on the contents of the gonad diverticula. Ultrastructural data are rare and contradictory, and the organisation of the gonad wall and the gonoducts is unknown. Here we present a detailed light and transmission electron microscopy-based examination of the pedal portion of the adult female reproductive system in Phoxichilidium femoratum Rathke, 1799. We describe its gross anatomy and the ultrastructure of the gonad diverticulum, oviduct and gonopore, as well as development of the oocytes. Each gonad diverticulum is enclosed in the extracellular matrix of the horizontal septum and bears some internal cellular lining. However, neither the gonad lining, nor the septum sheath cells, ever form a continuous epithelial layer. Oocytes, which undergo maturation in the diverticulum, remain, until very late in the process, attached to the gonad wall though specialised stalk cells. Interestingly, stalk cells do not participate in egg envelope or yolk formation: both are synthesized endogenously in the oocytes. The oviduct is supplied with musculature, which assists in egg transport to the gonopore, whereas the gonopore itself is surrounded by specialised glands.

femoratum Phoxichilidium是一种常见的海蜘蛛,是一种小型而独特的螯肢动物,具有不同寻常的成年解剖结构。特别是,固孔动物(与真螺旋动物不同)生殖系统的大部分位于附肢中。现有的对比重瓶性腺的研究通常局限于光镜水平,覆盖的物种范围很小,并集中在性腺憩室的内容物上。超微结构数据很少且相互矛盾,性腺壁和生殖产物的组织也不清楚。在这里,我们介绍了1799年在Phoxichilidium femoratum Rathke对成年雌性生殖系统踏板部分进行的详细的光学和透射电子显微镜检查。我们描述了它的大体解剖、性腺憩室、输卵管和性腺孔的超微结构,以及卵母细胞的发育。每个性腺憩室都被包裹在水平隔膜的细胞外基质中,并带有一些内部细胞内衬。然而,性腺衬里和隔膜鞘细胞都不会形成连续的上皮层。卵母细胞在憩室中成熟,通过专门的茎细胞附着在性腺壁上,直到这个过程的很晚。有趣的是,柄细胞不参与卵囊或卵黄的形成:两者都是在卵母细胞中内源性合成的。输卵管由肌肉组织提供,帮助卵子运输到生殖孔,而生殖孔本身由专门的腺体包围。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the muscular and nervous systems during the larval ontogeny of the stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata Aurivillius 1894 (Cirripedia: Thoracicalcerea: Poecilasmatidae) 有柄藤壶,Aurivillius 1894(Circripedia:胸科:壶科)幼虫个体发育过程中肌肉和神经系统的发育。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101298
Fook-Choy Yap , Wey-Lim Wong , Ving-Ching Chong , Chui-Wei Bong , Lee-Hong Susan Lim

The advancements in microscopic techniques have stimulated great interest in the muscular and neural architectures of invertebrates, specifically using muscle and neural structures to infer phylogenetic relationships. Here, we provide the data on the development of the muscular and nervous systems during the larval development of stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata using the phalloidin F-actin and immunohistochemical labelling (e.g. acetylated α-tubulin and serotonin) and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. All naupliar stages shared the same muscle and neural architectures with only the discrepancy in size. The nauplii have a complex muscle arrangement in their feeding apparatus and naupliar appendages. Most naupliar muscles undergo histolyse during the cyprid metamorphosis. The cyprid muscles form beneath the head shield at the end of nauplius VI. The naupliar and cyprid central nervous systems exhibit the typical tripartite brain comprising the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum. The serotonin-like immunoreactivity is mainly found in the naupliar brain, mandibular ganglia, cyprid brain and posterior ganglia. Our study revealed that numerous muscle and neural architectures in the naupliar and cyprids have phylogenetic significance, but future studies on the myoanatomy and neuroanatomy of other barnacle species are necessary to determine the homology of these structures.

显微镜技术的进步激发了人们对无脊椎动物肌肉和神经结构的极大兴趣,特别是利用肌肉和神经系统结构来推断系统发育关系。在这里,我们使用鬼笔蛋白F-肌动蛋白和免疫组织化学标记(例如乙酰化的α-微管蛋白和血清素)以及共聚焦激光扫描显微镜分析,提供了有柄藤壶(角胞浆藻)幼虫发育过程中肌肉和神经系统发育的数据。所有无节幼体阶段都有相同的肌肉和神经结构,只是大小不同。无节幼体在其进食器和无节附属物中有复杂的肌肉排列。大多数无节肌在鲤鱼变态过程中经历组织溶解。无节幼体VI末端的头盾下形成塞浦路斯肌肉。无节幼体和塞浦路斯中枢神经系统表现出典型的三方大脑,包括原小脑、双小脑和三小脑。血清素样免疫反应主要分布于无节脑、下颌神经节、塞浦路斯脑和后神经节。我们的研究表明,无节幼体和鲤鱼的许多肌肉和神经结构具有系统发育意义,但未来有必要对其他藤壶物种的肌肉解剖和神经解剖学进行研究,以确定这些结构的同源性。
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引用次数: 0
Multiscale head anatomy of Megaphragma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) 巨膜蜂的多尺度头部解剖(膜翅目:赤眼蜂科)。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101299
Inna A. Desyatirkina , Anastasia A. Makarova , Song Pang , C. Shan Xu , Harald Hess , Alexey A. Polilov

Methods of three-dimensional electron microscopy have been actively developed recently and open up great opportunities for morphological work. This approach is especially useful for studying microinsects, since it is possible to obtain complete series of high-resolution sections of a whole insect. Studies on the genus Megaphragma are especially important, since the unique phenomenon of lysis of most of the neuron nuclei was discovered in species of this genus. In this study we reveal the anatomical structure of the head of Megaphragma viggianii at all levels from organs to subcellular structures. Despite the miniature size of the body, most of the organ systems of M. viggianii retain the structural plan and complexity of organization at all levels. The set of muscles and the well-developed stomatogastric nervous system of this species correspond to those of larger insects, and there is also a well-developed tracheal system in the head of this species. Reconstructions of the head of M. viggianii at the cellular and subcellular levels were obtained, and of volumetric data were analyzed. A total of 689 nucleated cells of the head were reconstructed. The ultrastructure of M. viggianii is surprisingly complex, and the evolutionary benefits of such complexity are probably among the factors limiting the further miniaturization of parasitoid wasps.

三维电子显微镜的方法最近得到了积极的发展,为形态学工作开辟了巨大的机会。这种方法对研究微小切片特别有用,因为它可以获得整个昆虫的完整系列高分辨率切片。对巨膈属的研究尤其重要,因为在该属的物种中发现了大多数神经元细胞核裂解的独特现象。在这项研究中,我们揭示了从器官到亚细胞结构的各个层面上的巨型芦苇头部的解剖结构。尽管身体很小,但viggianii的大多数器官系统在各个层面都保留了结构计划和组织的复杂性。该物种的肌肉和发育良好的口胃神经系统与体型较大的昆虫相对应,该物种的头部也有发育良好的气管系统。获得了M.viggianii头部在细胞和亚细胞水平上的重建,并分析了体积数据。共重建了689个头部有核细胞。viggianii的超微结构异常复杂,这种复杂性的进化优势可能是限制寄生蜂进一步小型化的因素之一。
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引用次数: 0
Flagellar sensilla of the hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng and Bittacus sinicus Issiki (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) 扁齿齿蛛(Bittacus planus Cheng)和中国齿蛛(Bittacus sinicus Issiki)的鞭毛感觉器(机械翅目:齿蛛科)。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101297
Xiao-Yan Wang, Bao-Zhen Hua

Adult hangingflies are very sensitive to humidity, thereby frequently being used as ecological indicators to assess the degradation of the environment, especially forest ecosystems. Studies on the sense organs associated with hygro- and thermo-sensitivity, however, have been scant. Here, the ultramorphology and distribution of the flagellar sensilla were investigated in the adult hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng, 1949 and Bittacus sinicus Issiki, 1931 using scanning electron microscopy. Four types of sensilla are identified in B. planus, including sensilla campaniformia, sensilla chaetica (SC1, SC2), sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2), and sensilla coeloconica. In B. sinicus, sensilla chaetica III are present additionally from 7th to 14th flagellomeres. Abundant sensilla coeloconica are present on the flagella of Bittacus. Sensilla basiconica I are situated at the joints of flagellomeres. Sensilla campaniformia are densely distributed on the basal half of the first flagellomere, but scarcely on other flagellomeres. Sensilla chaetica II are present on the distal three flagellomeres. The size, abundance, and distribution of flagellar sensilla differ considerably between B. planus and B. sinicus. We infer that the abundance of sensilla coeloconica is likely associated with the hygro- and thermo-sensitivity in Bittacidae. Studies of flagellar sensilla can provide valuable information for subsequent electrophysiological, behavioral, biogeographical, and phylogenetic analyses of Bittacidae.

成虫对湿度非常敏感,因此经常被用作评估环境退化,特别是森林生态系统退化的生态指标。然而,对与湿热敏感性相关的感觉器官的研究却很少。本文用扫描电子显微镜研究了成年hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng(1949)和Bittacus sinicus Issiki(1931)鞭毛感受器的超微结构和分布。在B.planus中鉴定出四种类型的感觉器,包括campaniformia感觉器、chaetica感觉器(SC1,SC2)、basiconica感觉器(SB1,SB2)和co-loconica感觉器。在B.sinicus中,毛感器III另外存在于第7至第14个鞭毛。Bittacus的鞭毛上有丰富的共腔感器。碱性敏感菌I位于鞭毛的结合处。campaniformia感菌密集分布在第一个鞭毛的基部半部分,而在其他鞭毛上几乎没有分布。毛感菌II存在于远端的三个鞭毛上。扁尾蠊和中国尾蠊的鞭毛感器的大小、丰度和分布有很大差异。我们推断,共腔感器的丰度可能与Bittacidae的湿热敏感性有关。鞭毛感受器的研究可以为随后的Bittacidae的电生理、行为、生物地理学和系统发育分析提供有价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of the malaria vectors, Anopheles maculatus and An. sawadwongporni (Diptera: Culicidae) 疟疾媒介,斑按蚊和锯王鸟的触角形态和感觉器超微结构(直翅目:蚊科)。
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101296
Kanchon Pusawang , Patchara Sriwichai , Kittipat Aupalee , Thippawan Yasanga , Rochana Phuackchantuck , Daibin Zhong , Guiyun Yan , Pradya Somboon , Anuluck Junkum , Somsakul Pop Wongpalee , Liwang Cui , Jetsumon Sattabongkot , Atiporn Saeung

Mosquitoes rely mainly on the olfactory system to track hosts. Sensilla contain olfactory neuron receptors that perceive different kinds of odorants and transfer crucial information regarding the surrounding environment. Anopheles maculatus and An. sawadwongporni, members of the Maculatus Group, are regarded as vectors of malaria in Thailand. The fine structure of their sensilla has yet to be identified. Herein, scanning electron microscopy is used to examine the sensilla located on the antennae of adults An. maculatus and An. sawadwongporni, collected from the Thai-Myanmar border. Four major types of antennal sensilla are discovered in both species: chaetica, coeloconica, basiconica (grooved pegs) and trichodea. The antennae of female An. maculatus have longer lengths (μm, mean ± SE) in the long sharp-tipped trichodea (40.62 ± 0.35 > 38.20 ± 0.36), blunt-tipped trichodea (20.39 ± 0.62 > 18.62 ± 0.35), and basiconica (7.84 ± 0.15 > 7.41 ± 0.12) than those of An. sawadwongporni. Using light microscopy, it is found that the mean numbers of large sensilla coeloconica (lco) on both flagella in An. maculatus (left: 32.97 ± 0.48; right: 33.27 ± 0.65) are also greater when compared to An. sawadwongporni (left: 30.40 ± 0.62; right: 29.97 ± 0.49). The mean counts of lco located on flagellomeres 1–3, 6, and 9 in An. maculatus are significantly higher than those of An. sawadwongporni. The data in this study indicate that two closely related Anopheles species exhibit similar morphology of sensilla types, but show variations in length, and likewise in the number of large sensilla coeloconica between them, suggesting they might be causative factors that affect their behaviors driven by the sense of smell.

蚊子主要依靠嗅觉系统来追踪宿主。Sensila含有嗅觉神经元受体,可以感知不同种类的气味,并传递有关周围环境的关键信息。黄斑按蚊和阿氏按蚊是泰国的疟疾媒介。它们的感觉器的精细结构尚待鉴定。本文利用扫描电子显微镜对采集自泰缅边境的斑腹蛛和锯腹蛛成虫触角上的感受器进行了研究。在这两个物种中都发现了四种主要类型的触角感受器:毛虫、腔虫、基虫(槽钉)和毛虫。雌性斑腹蛛的触角长度(μm,平均值±SE)在长尖毛足纲(40.62±0.35>38.20±0.36)、钝尖毛足目(20.39±0.62>18.62±0.35)和基足纲(7.84±0.15>7.41±0.12)中均长于斑腹蛛。利用光学显微镜观察发现,斑斑螯蟹的两个鞭毛上的大感器(lco)的平均数量(左:32.97±0.48;右:33.27±0.65)也大于斑螯蟹(左:30.40±0.62;右:29.97±0.49),斑腹蛛中9个显著高于锯腹蛛。本研究中的数据表明,两种亲缘关系密切的按蚊表现出相似的感受器类型形态,但在长度上存在差异,它们之间的大型共感器数量也存在差异,这表明它们可能是影响嗅觉驱动的行为的致病因素。
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引用次数: 0
Variation of sperm size and evolution of giant spermatozoa in Lonchopteridae (Diptera) 龙翅目(双翅目)精子大小的变异及巨精子的进化
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101285
Michael Tröster , Marion Kotrba , Martin Heß

Among species of the spear-winged flies (Lonchopteridae) there is remarkable variation in sperm size, with some species producing giant spermatozoa. With a length of 7500 μm and a width of 1.3 μm the spermatozoon of Lonchoptera fallax ranks among the largest known to date. In the present study body size, testis size, sperm size, and spermatid number per bundle and per testis were examined across 11 Lonchoptera species. Results are discussed in terms of how these characters are related with each other and how their evolution affects the resource allocation amongst spermatozoa. Based on some discrete morphological characters and a molecular tree derived from DNA barcodes a phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Lonchoptera is proposed. The occurrence of giant spermatozoa in Lonchopteridae is compared to convergent occurrences reported in other taxa.

矛翅蝇(龙科)的精子大小存在显著差异,有些物种会产生巨大的精子。秋刀龙的精子长7500μm,宽1.3μm,是迄今为止已知的最大精子之一。在本研究中,对11种龙翅目昆虫的体型、睾丸大小、精子大小以及每束和每睾丸的精子数量进行了检查。结果讨论了这些特征如何相互关联,以及它们的进化如何影响精子之间的资源分配。基于一些离散的形态学特征和DNA条形码的分子树,提出了龙翅目昆虫属的系统发育假说。大精子在龙科中的出现与其他分类群中报道的趋同现象进行了比较。
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Arthropod Structure & Development
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