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Comparative microscopic anatomy of Schizomida – 2. The rostrosoma and the pharyngeal suction pump 裂头蚴显微解剖比较 - 2.喙瘤和咽吸泵。
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101372
J. Matthias Starck

This paper tests hypotheses of independent parallel evolution of the rostrosoma among euchelicerate taxa by analyzing the microscopic anatomy and histology of the rostrosoma of Uropygi (Schizomida and Thelyphonida) and comparing it with the morphology of the snout region in other euchelicerates. The study employs analysis of multiple histological serial sections, μCT-imaging, and graphical as well as computer-based 3D reconstruction. Results of the study are that Thelyphonida and Schizomida share the same morphology of the rostrosoma. The rostrosoma of both groups contains a unique arrangement of musculature that is functionally interpreted as pre-oral suction pump. This is followed by a pharyngeal suction pump. The muscles of the pharyngeal suction pump attach to the epistome and the epipharyngeal sclerite. Neither Schizomida nor Thelyphonida possess a postcerebral suction pump as reported earlier. The microscopic anatomy of the rostrosoma of both taxa is unique and does not compare with any of the other euchelicerates, thus supporting the idea of independent evolutionary origin of the rostrosoma. Thelyphonida, Amblypygi and Scorpiones share the occurrence of a large epipharyngeal/epistomal sclerite with associated musculature, which is a feature that lines up with the Arachnopulmonata concept. A comparison with all Euchelicerata taxa shows that the snout region is formed by homologous morphological elements but the specific arrangement, additions and reductions shape the formation of the rostrosoma, so that parallel evolution of homologous parts of the arachnid ground pattern can be assumed that has formed those elements into convergent morphologies.

本文通过分析 Uropygi(裂齿目和蝶齿目)喙瘤的显微解剖学和组织学,并将其与其它欧鼠类的吻区形态进行比较,检验了欧鼠类喙瘤独立平行进化的假设。研究采用了多个组织学序列切片分析、μCT成像、图形和计算机三维重建等方法。研究结果表明,Thelyphonida 和 Schizomida 的喙瘤形态相同。这两个类群的喙瘤都包含独特的肌肉组织排列,在功能上可解释为前口吸泵。随后是咽吸泵。咽吸泵的肌肉附着在会厌和会厌硬骨上。如前所述,裂头虫和蝶形虫都没有脑后吸泵。这两个类群的喙瘤的显微解剖结构都很独特,与其他任何一种真口纲动物都无法相比,因此支持喙瘤是独立进化起源的观点。Thelyphonida、Amblypygi 和 Scorpiones 都有一个大的会咽/肛门硬骨和相关的肌肉组织,这一特征与 Arachnopulmonata 的概念一致。与所有 Euchelicerata 类群的比较表明,吻区是由同源的形态元素形成的,但具体的排列、增加和减少形成了喙瘤,因此可以假定蛛形纲地面模式同源部分的平行进化将这些元素形成了趋同的形态。
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引用次数: 0
Conserved exopodite morphology in three-dimensionally preserved trilobites from the Walcott-Rust Quarry (Mohawkian, Ordovician) of New York, USA 美国纽约沃尔科特-拉斯特采石场(莫霍肯,奥陶纪)三维保存的三叶虫中保存的外胚层形态
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101371
Sarah R. Losso, Javier Ortega-Hernández

Trilobites were extremely abundant and diverse euarthropods from the Paleozoic Era, but our understanding of their non-biomineralized ventral morphology is restricted to localities with exceptional fossil preservation. The Ordovician-aged Walcott-Rust Quarry in New York State preserves exceptional trilobite fossils as calcite casts in three-dimensions with little to no deformation, providing a valuable view of their ventral morphology. Appendages of the two most abundant trilobites, Ceraurus pleurexanthemus and Flexicalymene senaria, have been known for over 150 years but the original preparation of the specimens as thin sections has led to significant disagreement about their anatomy. Ceraruus pleurexanthemus is more abundant in the thin section collections (157 specimens) and features nearly complete appendages including a subtriangular protopodite with stud-like gnathobases along the medial edge and long endites ventrally. The exopodite consists of a long proximal article bearing dumbbell-shaped lamellae (in cross section) and a shorter distal article, closely resembling that of the cheirurid Anacheirurus adserai from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Shale biota of Morocco. The appendages of F. senaria (37 specimens) are less well preserved. The exopodite bears up to 40 dumbbell shaped lamellae (in cross section) and is proportionally longer relative to the endopodite of C. pleurexanthemus. The close morphological similarity observed between the exopodites of C. pleurexanthemus and A. adersai, despite originating from paleogeographically distant latitudes and temporally separated by over ca. 20 million years, shows that the proposed “Cambrian type” exopodite persisted through the majority of the Ordovician. The morphology of the endopodites between C. pleurexanthemus and A. adersai is more variable when compared to the organization of the exopodites, may reflect selective pressures from locomotion and feeding between these species.

三叶虫是古生代数量极其丰富、种类极其繁多的类地行星,但我们对其非生物矿化腹面形态的了解仅限于化石保存特别完好的地方。纽约州奥陶纪时期的沃尔科特-拉斯特采石场(Walcott-Rust Quarry)以几乎没有变形的三维方解石铸件形式保存了特殊的三叶虫化石,为我们了解它们的腹部形态提供了宝贵的视角。150 多年前,人们就已经知道两种最丰富的三叶虫--Ceraurus pleurexanthemus 和 Flexicalymene senaria--的附肢,但由于最初将标本制作成薄片,人们对它们的解剖结构存在很大分歧。Ceraruus pleurexanthemus 在薄片标本中的数量较多(157 个标本),其特征是几乎完整的附肢,包括一个近三角形的原脚节,内侧边缘有螺柱状的钩喙,腹侧有长的内齿。外脚节由一个长的近端节和一个较短的远端节组成,近端节带有哑铃状薄片(横截面),与摩洛哥下奥陶世费祖阿塔页岩生物群中的螯足类 Anacheirurus adserai 非常相似。F. senaria(37 个标本)的附肢保存较差。外节上有多达 40 个哑铃状薄片(横截面),与 C. pleurexanthemus 的内节相比,外节的比例长度更长。尽管 C. pleurexanthemus 和 A. adersai 的外脚节起源于古地理上遥远的纬度地区,而且在时间上相隔约 2000 万年,但它们的外脚节在形态上却非常相似。这表明所提出的 "寒武纪类型 "外蜕皮一直持续到奥陶纪的大部分时期。C. pleurexanthemus 和 A. adersai 之间的内足器形态与外足器的组织相比变化更大,这可能反映了这些物种之间运动和取食的选择性压力。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative microscopic anatomy of Schizomida – 1. Segmental axial musculature and body organization 裂头畸形的显微比较解剖 - 1. 节轴向肌肉组织和身体组织。
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101373
J. Matthias Starck

Schizomida is an enigmatic group of arachnids that is traditionally considered the dwarfed sister to Thelyphonida. Schizomids are of interest for evolutionary morphology, because they show a number of features like a tripartite prosoma dorsal shield (pro-, meso-, metapeltidium), formation of three sterna, a complex prosoma–opisthosoma transition and a metasoma. By analyzing the body organization of Schizomida and comparing it to Thelyphonida and other arachnids, this article provides evidence for independent evolution of some of these features in Schizomida. This supports the idea that, among arachnids, multiple and independent evolutionary pathways have resulted in similar morphologies, that conventionally have been considered shared similarities. – The analysis of serial microscopic sections and μCT-imaging of segmental indicator muscles of the prosoma evidences that the propeltidium covers prosoma segments 0–4, and the metapeltidium covers segments 5 and 6. The mesopeltidium is a dorsolateral sclerotization of the pleural membrane, not assigned to a segment, and therefore not a tergite. The topographic association of segmental musculature and sclerites of the tripartite dorsum of the prosoma differs from other taxa with such external body organization, e.g., Palpigradi and Solifugae, suggesting independent evolutionary origin. – The prosoma–opisthosoma transition integrates the first opisthosoma segment into the prosoma. The sternite of the first opisthosoma segment forms the metasternum between the coxae of the fourth pair of walking legs. The morphology of the prosoma–opisthosoma transition is similar to Uropygi and Amblypygi, but is less complex. – The morphology of the metasoma (opisthosoma segments X-XII) of Schizomida and Thelyphonida differs from that of all other arachnids carrying a metasoma, thus providing support for multiple independent evolutionary origins of metasomata.

蛛形纲(Schizomida)是一个神秘的类群,传统上被认为是蝶形纲(Thelyphonida)的侏儒姊妹。裂腹虫对进化形态学很感兴趣,因为它们表现出许多特征,如三方前体背盾(前体、中体、后体)、形成三个立体体、复杂的前体-上体过渡和中体。本文通过分析裂臀目动物的身体组织结构,并将其与Thelyphonida和其他蛛形纲动物进行比较,为这些特征在裂臀目动物中的独立演化提供了证据。这支持了一种观点,即在蛛形纲动物中,多种独立的进化途径导致了相似的形态,而这些形态在传统上被认为是共同的相似性。- 对前体的连续显微切片和节指示肌的μCT成像分析表明,前eltidium覆盖前体第0-4节,而metapeltidium覆盖第5和第6节。中盾是胸膜背侧的硬结,不属于一个节段,因此也不属于一个节片。前体三方背板的节间肌肉组织和硬骨的地形关联不同于其他具有这种体外组织的类群,如 Palpigradi 和 Solifugae,这表明其起源是独立进化的。- 前口-后口的过渡将第一乳突节与前口结合在一起。开口颚第一节的胸骨在第四对步行腿的跗节之间形成了尾骨。前体腔-上体腔过渡的形态与乌罗皮亚目和安布里皮亚目相似,但没有那么复杂。- Schizomida和Thelyphonida的副瘤形态(副瘤第X-XII节)不同于所有其他带有副瘤的蛛形纲,从而为副瘤的多个独立进化起源提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
The female reproductive system of the sea spider Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799) 海蜘蛛 Phoxichilidium femoratum(Rathke,1799 年)的雌性生殖系统
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101370
Maria Petrova, Ekaterina Bogomolova

Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are marine chelicerates. Current pycnogonid phylogeny based on molecular data remains uncertain and contradicts traditional morphological perspectives. To resolve this conflict, understanding their inner anatomy is crucial. The reproductive system of sea spiders shows promise as a source of phylogenetic signal, yet our knowledge in this area is limited. This study presents the first description of the whole female reproductive system of a sea spider at the ultrastructural level. We suggest a more detailed functional regionalization of the ovary based on the ovarian wall ultrastructure and distribution of oocyte developmental stages. Meiosis begins in the germarium, and oocytes progress to the vitellarium through a transportational zone. Vitellogenic oocytes extend through the vitellarium wall, connected with it by a stalk – specialized cells. Balbiani bodies are present in early vitellogenic oocytes but dissipate later. The formation of the vitelline envelope, yolk, and fertilization envelope involves functionally diverse RER vesicles. The study also identifies a reproductive sinus as a separate haemocoel compartment that may enhance nutrient concentration near vitellogenic oocytes. Additionally, oviduct and gonopore glands are described in the female of P. femoratum, although their specific functions and prevalence in other sea spider species remain unclear.

海蜘蛛(Pycnogonida)是海洋螯足类。目前基于分子数据的海蜘蛛系统发育仍然不确定,并且与传统的形态学观点相矛盾。要解决这一矛盾,了解其内部解剖结构至关重要。海蜘蛛的生殖系统有望成为系统发育信号的来源,但我们在这方面的知识还很有限。本研究首次在超微结构水平上描述了海蜘蛛的整个雌性生殖系统。我们根据卵巢壁超微结构和卵母细胞发育阶段的分布,提出了更详细的卵巢功能区域划分建议。减数分裂开始于胚芽鞘,卵母细胞通过运输区进入卵黄囊。卵黄发生期的卵母细胞穿过卵黄壁,通过柄(特化细胞)与卵黄壁相连。早期卵黄发生期的卵母细胞中会出现 Balbiani 体,但随后就会消失。玻璃体包膜、卵黄和受精包膜的形成涉及功能各异的 RER 囊泡。该研究还发现生殖窦是一个独立的血球室,可提高卵黄形成卵母细胞附近的营养浓度。此外,研究还描述了股蜘蛛雌体中的输卵管和生殖腺,但其具体功能及其在其他海蜘蛛物种中的分布情况仍不清楚。
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引用次数: 0
The structure of wing in the earliest Permopsocida 最早的 Permopsocida 的翅膀结构
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101358
Jakub Prokop , Kateřina Rosová , Martina Pecharová , Pavel Sroka , Angelika Leipner , André Nel

Permopsocids are small acercarian insects with mouthparts specialized for sucking. They are closely related to Hemiptera and Thysanoptera. The earliest known representatives are from the Early Permian. Here evidence is presented that the Permopsocida occurred even earlier in Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) deposits in the Piesberg quarry near Osnabrück (Lower Saxony, Germany). This material is assigned to the Permian family Psocidiidae; Carbonopsocus mercuryi gen. et sp. nov., based on the wing venation diagnosed by the unique branching pattern of the main veins, the shape of the areola postica being longer than wide, the angular shape of the pterostigma, the ir crossvein directed proximally mid of pterostigma (apomorphy) and the vannus formed by the three veins of PCu, A1 and A2. The shape of the veins, with a Y-vein formed by the distal fusion of PCu with A1, could be a putative symplesiomorphy of the Psocodea with Permopsocida and Hemiptera. C. mercuryi gen. et sp. nov. is the first appearance date for Permopsocida and roots the Acercaria tree. In addition, another specimen of Dichentomum cf. arroyo (Psocidiidae) from Carrizo Arroyo is presented and figured, confirming the presence of the genus Dichentomum near the Carboniferous-Permian boundary and linking it to the Artinskian species from Elmo in Kansas, USA.

栉水母(Permopsocids)是一种小型穴居昆虫,其口器专门用于吸食。它们与半翅目(Hemiptera)和鞘翅目(Thysanoptera)关系密切。已知最早的代表来自早二叠世。这里提供的证据表明,在奥斯纳布吕克(德国下萨克森州)附近的皮斯贝格采石场的宾夕法尼亚( Moscovian)沉积层中,Permopsocida 的出现时间更早。该材料被归入二叠纪 Psocidiidae 家族;Carbonopsocus mercuryi gen. et sp. nov.,其依据是通过主脉独特的分支模式诊断出的翅脉、长于宽的后乳晕形状、翼柱头的角状形状、指向翼柱头近端中部的ir横脉(异形)以及由PCu、A1和A2三条脉形成的vannus。由 PCu 与 A1 的远端融合形成的 Y 形脉的形状,可能是 Psocodea 与 Permopsocida 和 Hemiptera 的一种假定的共生形态。C. mercuryi gen. et sp.此外,还展示了来自卡里索阿罗约(Carrizo Arroyo)的另一个Dichentomum cf. arroyo(Psocidiidae)标本,证实了石炭纪-二叠纪界线附近Dichentomum属的存在,并将其与来自美国堪萨斯州埃尔莫(Elmo)的Artinskian物种联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological and functional analyses for investigation of sexually selected legs in the frog legged beetle Sagra femorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 通过形态和功能分析研究蛙腿甲虫(鞘翅目:蝶形目)的性选择腿
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101360
Masako Katsuki , Kaoru Uesugi , Tomoyuki Yokoi , Takane Ozawa , Devin M. O'Brien , Douglas J. Emlen , Kensuke Okada , Yasukazu Okada

Mate choice and male–male combat over successful mating often cause disproportionate exaggeration of male trait relative to body size. However, the exaggeration is often not the only trait involved with male–male combat and mate choice: suites of co-expressed traits may function together as a coordinated unit. When this occurs, dimorphism may be expected for these additional, non-exaggerated, structures. S. femorata males have disproportionately large hind-legs used in male–male combat over females. During the fights, fore- and mid-legs are used to keep males in positions where advantageous for leverage. Because use of the exaggerated hind-legs is coordinated with the other legs, they will coevolve as a functional unit. Here, we show that 1) S. femorata has sexual size differences in all three legs; 2) males show positive allometry in the relative sizes of all three legs; and 3) microstructures of tarsi on the fore- and mid-legs are also sexually dimorphic. Despite these differences in the tarsal microstructure, 4) adhesion forces of the tarsi had no sexual difference in flat surface. The microstructure would be specialized on attaching elytra surface. These results suggest that the three pairs of legs function together during fighting behavior, with hind-legs employed primarily for fighting, and the fore- and mid-legs functioning to grip females, keeping males positioned on the back of the female during combat.

为成功交配而进行的配偶选择和雄性之间的争斗往往会导致雄性特征相对于体型不成比例地夸大。然而,夸大性状往往不是雄性-雄性争斗和配偶选择所涉及的唯一性状:共同表达的成套性状可能作为一个协调单位共同发挥作用。当出现这种情况时,这些额外的、非夸张的结构可能会出现二态性。在雄性与雌性的搏斗中,股翅蜥雄性的后腿大得不成比例。在搏斗过程中,前腿和中腿被用来使雄性处于有利的杠杆位置。由于夸张后腿的使用是与其他腿协调进行的,因此它们将作为一个功能单元共同进化。在这里,我们发现:1)股蟾蜍的三条腿都存在性别大小差异;2)雄性三条腿的相对大小都呈现正异形;3)前腿和中腿上跗蹠的微观结构也存在性别二态性。尽管跗蹠的微观结构存在这些差异,4)跗蹠的附着力在平面上没有性别差异。跗节的微结构在附着于背鳍表面时会发生特化。这些结果表明,在搏斗行为中,三对腿共同起作用,后腿主要用于搏斗,前腿和中腿的作用是抓住雌性,使雄性在搏斗中保持在雌性背上的位置。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomy and ultrastructural details of the eye of the passalid beetle Ceracupes yui Okano 1988 (Scarabaeoidea; Passalidae) Passalid beetle Ceracupes yui Okano 1988 (Scarabaeoidea; Passalidae) 眼睛的解剖和超微结构细节
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101361
Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow , Nobuo Gokan

One of the least studied eyes of any beetle taxon are those of the scarabaeoid family Passalidae. Some members of this family of around 600 species worldwide are known to have superposition eyes (Aceraius grandis; A. hikidai) while others have apposition eyes (Cylindrocaulus patalis; Ceracupes yui). In C. yui of nearly 3 cm body length (this paper) the retinal layer is very thin and occupies approximately half of an ommatidium's total length, the latter amounting to 284 and 266 μm in the respective dorsal and ventral eye regions. The two eye regions are almost completely separated by a prominent cuticular canthus, a feature usually associated with the presence of a tracheal tapetum, a clear-zone between dioptric and light-perceiving structures and a regular array of smooth facets. In C. yui the facets are smooth (but not very regular) and a tracheal tapetum and a clear-zone are absent. The rhabdoms, formed by 8–9 retinula cells, are complicated, multilobed structures with widths and lengths of around 15 and 80 μm, respectively. The combination of some superposition and mostly apposition eye features, e.g., extensive corneal exocones, relatively small number of ommatidia, absence of a clear-zone and tracheal bush, suggest an adaptation of this species' eye to the fossorial lifestyle of C. yui, and, thus, a manifestation of the passalid eye's plasticity.

在所有甲虫类群中,对眼睛研究最少的是猩红甲虫科(Passalidae)的眼睛。该科在全球约有 600 个物种,已知其中一些成员有叠加眼(Aceraius grandis;A. hikidai),而另一些则有贴附眼(Cylindrocaulus patalis;Ceracupes yui)。在体长近 3 厘米的C. yui(本文)中,视网膜层非常薄,约占眼球总长度的一半,后者在各自的背侧和腹侧眼区分别为 284 微米和 266 微米。两个眼区几乎完全被一个突出的角质檐分隔开来,这一特征通常与气管绦膜的存在、透光结构和感光结构之间的清晰区域以及规则排列的光滑刻面有关。在 C. yui 中,切面光滑(但不太规则),没有气管绦膜和透明区。由 8-9 个视网膜细胞形成的横纹是复杂的多叶结构,宽度和长度分别约为 15 μm 和 80 μm。该物种的眼睛具有一些叠加和大部分贴附的特征,如角膜外锥体广泛、膜细胞数量相对较少、无透明区和气管丛等,这些特征表明该物种的眼睛适应了 C. yui 的化石生活方式,因此也是通角蜥眼睛可塑性的一种表现。
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引用次数: 0
Species-specific larval acoustic behaviour of three stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with emphasis on their stridulatory organs and acoustic signals 三种锹形虫(鞘翅目:锹形科)幼虫的物种特异性声学行为,重点研究其绞杀器官和声学信号
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101300
Xu-Ming Dong, Lu Jiang

Acoustic behaviour plays a significant role in insect communications, but is rarely reported in their immature stages. Larvae of Lucanidae bear paired stridulatory organs on their thoracic legs, which could produce sounds as communicational signals. However, the species-specific differences on stridulatory organs and acoustic signals are far from fully investigated. In this study, the larval acoustic behaviours of three lucanid species, Lucanus dybowski, Prosopocoilus confucius and P. girafa were recorded and compared for the first time. The sound producing mechanism was described in detail based on video recordings, morphological observations, and acoustic analyses. The larvae of all three species are able to produce sounds by scraping the plectrum on the metatrochanter against the pars stridens on the mesocoxa during disturbance. The sounds exhibit species-specific differences in terms of acoustic parameters: the larvae of L. dybowski produce short-duration (140–200 ms), single-pulse and low-frequency (∼210 Hz) sounds; P. confucius produce long-duration (500–800 ms), triple-pulse and low-frequency (∼280 Hz) sounds; P. girafa produce long-duration (500–560 ms), double-pulse and low-frequency (∼260 Hz) sounds. The amounts and arrangements of the teeth on stridulatory organs also exhibit differences on specific level. The acoustic signals and stridulatory organs were compared using principal component analysis.

声学行为在昆虫交流中发挥着重要作用,但在昆虫的未成熟阶段却鲜有报道。琉璃苣苔科(Lucanidae)幼虫的胸腿上有成对的击节器,可以发出声音作为交流信号。然而,对不同物种的黾动器官和声信号差异的研究还远远不够。本研究首次记录并比较了三种露兜虫(Lucanus dybowski、Prosopocoilus confucius和P. girafa)的幼虫声学行为。根据视频记录、形态观察和声学分析,对其发声机制进行了详细描述。这三个物种的幼虫都能在受到干扰时通过刮动甲壳上的拨子与中喙上的股沟刮擦而发出声音。这些声音在声学参数上表现出物种特异性差异:L. dybowski幼虫能发出短持续时间(140-200 ms)、单脉冲和低频(∼210 Hz)的声音;P. confucius能发出长持续时间(500-800 ms)、三脉冲和低频(∼280 Hz)的声音;P. girafa能发出长持续时间(500-560 ms)、双脉冲和低频(∼260 Hz)的声音。击弦器上的齿的数量和排列在具体层面上也表现出差异。利用主成分分析法对声学信号和黾动器官进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Not all apparently gynandromorphic butterflies are gynandrous: The case of Polyommatus icarus and its relatives (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) 并非所有明显雌雄同体的蝴蝶都是雌雄同体的:鳞翅目:鳞蝶科(Polyommatus icarus)及其近缘种的情况
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101359
Zsolt Bálint , Gergely Katona , Krisztián Kertész , Gábor Piszter , Balázs Tóth , László Péter Biró

Beside the more than two thousand normal specimens of Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) yielded by rearing experiments, there was one perfectly bilateral dichromatic individual first considered to be gynandrous. On the basis of analysing genitalia traits, wing surface covering scale micromorphology, and the spectral characteristics of the blue colour generated by the cover scales, the gender of the specimen has been identified as female. This exemplar was investigated in comparison with gynandrous specimens from the collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum exhibiting various degrees of intermixing of blue and brown coloration. Focus stacking microscopy for detailed scale morphology and UV–visible reflectance spectroscopy was used for the characterization of the optical properties. Inspecting literature references and the Lycaenidae collection of the museum, further examples have been found for female bilateral dichromatism in the closely related polyommatine lycaenid species Lysandra bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775) and Lysandra coridon (Poda, 1761) what suggests that polyommatine female dichromaticity may be displayed by the manner of bilaterality and mosaicism, phenomena hitherto solely connected to gynandromorphy.

除了饲养实验中发现的两千多个正常的 Polyommatus icarus(Rottemburg,1775 年)标本外,还有一个完全双侧二色的个体最初被认为是雌性的。根据对生殖器特征、翅面覆盖鳞片微形态以及覆盖鳞片产生的蓝色光谱特征的分析,该标本的性别被确定为雌性。该标本与匈牙利自然历史博物馆收藏的雌雄同体标本进行了比较研究,这些标本呈现出不同程度的蓝色和棕色混合色。研究人员使用聚焦堆叠显微镜和紫外可见反射光谱仪对标本进行了详细的鳞片形态和光学特性鉴定。通过查阅文献参考资料和博物馆的鳞翅目收藏,我们还发现了与雌雄同体密切相关的多瘤胃鳞翅目物种 Lysandra bellargus(Rottemburg,1775 年)和 Lysandra coridon(Poda,1761 年)的雌性双侧二色性实例,这表明多瘤胃鳞翅目雌性二色性可能是通过双侧性和镶嵌性的方式表现出来的,而这些现象迄今为止仅与雌雄同体有关。
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引用次数: 0
The ultrastructure of the spermatheca of Mordellistena brevicauda (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea) and the associated bacterial cells Mordellistena brevicauda(鞘翅目,Tenebrionoidea)精巢的超微结构及相关细菌细胞
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101357
Romano Dallai, David Mercati, Pietro Lupetti

The ultrastructural study on the female reproductive system of the beetle M. brevicauda (Mordellidae) confirmed the positive correlation between the length of the sperm and the size of the female seminal receptacle (Spermatheca).

The spermatheca of the species is characterized by an apical bulb-like structure where the spermathecal duct forms numerous folds filled with sperm. At this level many bacterial cells are present intermingled with the duct folds. Some are organized in large structures, such as bacteriomes, while other are single bacteriocytes. The latter are often found near the basal lamina of duct epithelium. In addition, some bacteria are visible in the cytoplasm of the duct epithelial cells. Interestingly, bacterial cells have never been observed in the duct lumen. The possible function of the bacterial cells is discussed.

对甲虫(Mordellidae)雌性生殖系统的超微结构研究证实,精子的长度与雌性精囊(Spermatheca)的大小呈正相关。在这一层,许多细菌细胞与导管褶皱交织在一起。其中一些形成大型结构,如细菌体,而另一些则是单个细菌细胞。后者通常出现在导管上皮基底层附近。此外,在导管上皮细胞的细胞质中也能看到一些细菌。有趣的是,从未在导管腔内观察到细菌细胞。本文讨论了细菌细胞可能具有的功能。
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引用次数: 0
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Arthropod Structure & Development
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