Abstract Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. sect. Polytrichia Christ is characterized by the presence of subulate scales and the absence of hydathodes. We did a molecular phylogenetic analysis using three non-coding plastid markers and found that five species thought to belong to section Elaphoglossum are actually members of section Polytrichia. The five species were previously thought to belong to section Elaphoglossum because they lack the characteristic subulate scales of section Polytrichia. We refer to these species as the Decursivum Group. We assign two other species to this group based on their morphological similarity to the known members of the group. Besides lacking subulate scales on the laminae, the seven species of the Decursivum Group are distinctive by having a submarginal connecting vein, a character otherwise absent in section Polytrichia. The group is entirely Neotropical, occurring at middle elevations and extending from the West Indies and Mexico to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil. For the Decursivum Group, we provide a taxonomic treatment including a key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, discussion, and lists of specimens examined. Lectotypes are designated for Acrostichum miersii Baker and A. papyraceum Fée. A new species from the Andes, E. vascoae F. B. Matos & R. C. Moran, is described and illustrated.
摘要Elaphoglossum Schott ex J.Sm.sect。Polytrichia Christ的特征是存在钻形鳞片，而没有Hydrathode。我们使用三个非编码质体标记进行了分子系统发育分析，发现五个被认为属于Elaphoglossum科的物种实际上是Polytrichia科的成员。这五个物种以前被认为属于舌兰科，因为它们缺乏Polytricia科特有的钻形鳞片。我们将这些物种称为Decursivum群。我们根据其他两个物种与该组已知成员的形态相似性，将其归入该组。除了在鳞片上缺乏钻形鳞片外，Decursivum群的七个物种还具有亚边缘连接脉的特征，而在Polytricia剖面中则没有这种特征。该群完全属于新热带，分布在中海拔地区，从西印度群岛和墨西哥延伸到玻利维亚和巴西东南部。对于Decursivum群，我们提供了一种分类学处理方法，包括钥匙、描述、插图、分布图、讨论和检查标本列表。Lectotype被指定为Acrostichum miersii Baker和A.papyraceum Fée。对安第斯山脉的一个新种E.vascoae F.B.Matos&R.C.Moran进行了描述和说明。
{"title":"The Decursivum Group of Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia (Dryopteridaceae): Nonsubulate Species Nested in an Otherwise Subulatescaled Clade1","authors":"F. B. Matos, P. Labiak, R. Moran","doi":"10.3417/2019371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019371","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. sect. Polytrichia Christ is characterized by the presence of subulate scales and the absence of hydathodes. We did a molecular phylogenetic analysis using three non-coding plastid markers and found that five species thought to belong to section Elaphoglossum are actually members of section Polytrichia. The five species were previously thought to belong to section Elaphoglossum because they lack the characteristic subulate scales of section Polytrichia. We refer to these species as the Decursivum Group. We assign two other species to this group based on their morphological similarity to the known members of the group. Besides lacking subulate scales on the laminae, the seven species of the Decursivum Group are distinctive by having a submarginal connecting vein, a character otherwise absent in section Polytrichia. The group is entirely Neotropical, occurring at middle elevations and extending from the West Indies and Mexico to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil. For the Decursivum Group, we provide a taxonomic treatment including a key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, discussion, and lists of specimens examined. Lectotypes are designated for Acrostichum miersii Baker and A. papyraceum Fée. A new species from the Andes, E. vascoae F. B. Matos & R. C. Moran, is described and illustrated.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"104 1","pages":"400 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A taxonomic revision of Bouchea Cham. (Duranteae, Verbenaceae) is presented, updating the last formal revision of the genus by Moldenke from 1940, with a more comprehensive and profound study of herbarium material. The analyses of the morphological features support the recognition of 13 Bouchea species. A new combination is proposed for Stachytarpheta bifurca Benth. (≡ B. bifurca (Benth.) P. Moroni & N. O'Leary), and B. boyacana Moldenke var. glabrata Moldenke is elevated to the species rank. Eight taxa are here synonymized: B. inopinata Moldenke (= B. agrestis Schauer), B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze var. brevirostra Grenzeb. (= B. bifurca), B. beckii Moldenke (= B. boliviana (Kuntze) Moldenke), B. flabelliformis M. E. Jones (= B. dissecta S. Watson), B. prismatica var. laciniata Grenzeb. (= B. dissecta), S. kingii Moldenke (= B. nelsonii Grenzeb.), B. boyacana Moldenke (= B. prismatica), and B. spathulata Torr. var. longiflora Moldenke (= B. spathulata). Lectotypes are designated for the names B. incrassata Lange (second-step), B. rusbyi Moldenke (second-step), and S. laxiflora Turcz. Furthermore, B. boliviana is reported for the first time growing in Argentina, B. notabilis Moldenke in Ecuador, and B. rusbyi in Brazil and Peru.
{"title":"Insights into the Systematics of Tribe Duranteae (Verbenaceae): A Taxonomic Revision of the New World Genus Bouchea1","authors":"P. Moroni, N. O’Leary","doi":"10.3417/2019383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019383","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A taxonomic revision of Bouchea Cham. (Duranteae, Verbenaceae) is presented, updating the last formal revision of the genus by Moldenke from 1940, with a more comprehensive and profound study of herbarium material. The analyses of the morphological features support the recognition of 13 Bouchea species. A new combination is proposed for Stachytarpheta bifurca Benth. (≡ B. bifurca (Benth.) P. Moroni & N. O'Leary), and B. boyacana Moldenke var. glabrata Moldenke is elevated to the species rank. Eight taxa are here synonymized: B. inopinata Moldenke (= B. agrestis Schauer), B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze var. brevirostra Grenzeb. (= B. bifurca), B. beckii Moldenke (= B. boliviana (Kuntze) Moldenke), B. flabelliformis M. E. Jones (= B. dissecta S. Watson), B. prismatica var. laciniata Grenzeb. (= B. dissecta), S. kingii Moldenke (= B. nelsonii Grenzeb.), B. boyacana Moldenke (= B. prismatica), and B. spathulata Torr. var. longiflora Moldenke (= B. spathulata). Lectotypes are designated for the names B. incrassata Lange (second-step), B. rusbyi Moldenke (second-step), and S. laxiflora Turcz. Furthermore, B. boliviana is reported for the first time growing in Argentina, B. notabilis Moldenke in Ecuador, and B. rusbyi in Brazil and Peru.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"104 1","pages":"355 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41376209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barış Özüdoğru, Kurtulus Özgisi, Burcu TARIKAHYA-HACIOĞLU, A. Ocak, K. Mummenhoff, I. Al‐Shehbaz
Abstract Noccaea Moench is taxonomically one of the most problematic genera of the Brassicaceae. The radical revision of Thlaspi L. s.l. by Meyer in 1973 (Meyer, 1973) split it into 12 segregate genera, including Noccaea, but subsequent molecular studies suggested that this complex includes at least four unrelated genera (Thlaspi s. str., Mummenhoffia Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz, Noccidium F. K. Mey., and Noccaea). Although several taxonomic treatments have since been proposed to sort out the systematic problems of Noccaea, debates are still ongoing. Some authors have argued that all segregates of Thlaspi should be considered as independent but related genera, whereas others recognize them as synonyms of a large and polymorphic Noccaea. In this study, we present the first extensively sampled phylogenetic analysis of tribe Coluteocarpeae (Thlaspi segregates including Noccaea) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences from 92 of the ca. 130 species (70%) in the tribe (39 studied here for the first time) and plastidic trnL-F regions from 73 species (42 studied here for the first time), representing the full range of morphological variation and geographical distribution. All main clades are discussed in detail, and the taxonomic status of all Thlaspi s.l. segregates is evaluated against recent taxonomic treatments. In particular, the tribal placement of Noccidium is changed to Coluteocarpeae, and the genus Pseudosempervivum (Boiss.) Grossh. is reduced to synonymy of Noccaea. The new name N. mummenhoffiana Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and the new combinations N. aucheri (Boiss.) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and N. sempervivum (Boiss. & Balansa) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz are proposed.
{"title":"Phylogeny of the Genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae) and a Critical Review of Its Generic Circumscription1,2","authors":"Barış Özüdoğru, Kurtulus Özgisi, Burcu TARIKAHYA-HACIOĞLU, A. Ocak, K. Mummenhoff, I. Al‐Shehbaz","doi":"10.3417/2019347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Noccaea Moench is taxonomically one of the most problematic genera of the Brassicaceae. The radical revision of Thlaspi L. s.l. by Meyer in 1973 (Meyer, 1973) split it into 12 segregate genera, including Noccaea, but subsequent molecular studies suggested that this complex includes at least four unrelated genera (Thlaspi s. str., Mummenhoffia Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz, Noccidium F. K. Mey., and Noccaea). Although several taxonomic treatments have since been proposed to sort out the systematic problems of Noccaea, debates are still ongoing. Some authors have argued that all segregates of Thlaspi should be considered as independent but related genera, whereas others recognize them as synonyms of a large and polymorphic Noccaea. In this study, we present the first extensively sampled phylogenetic analysis of tribe Coluteocarpeae (Thlaspi segregates including Noccaea) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences from 92 of the ca. 130 species (70%) in the tribe (39 studied here for the first time) and plastidic trnL-F regions from 73 species (42 studied here for the first time), representing the full range of morphological variation and geographical distribution. All main clades are discussed in detail, and the taxonomic status of all Thlaspi s.l. segregates is evaluated against recent taxonomic treatments. In particular, the tribal placement of Noccidium is changed to Coluteocarpeae, and the genus Pseudosempervivum (Boiss.) Grossh. is reduced to synonymy of Noccaea. The new name N. mummenhoffiana Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and the new combinations N. aucheri (Boiss.) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and N. sempervivum (Boiss. & Balansa) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz are proposed.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"104 1","pages":"339 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46673082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methods of macroevolutionary systematics as recently modified are explained and applied to the genus Anoectangium Schwägr. (Pottiaceae) in hyperoceanic areas of coastal northwestern North America. It was revealed that this area harbored species like those reported for the Himalayan region of northern India. Keys are provided for North American and Himalayan species of the genus. A macroevolutionary analysis, detailed in the Methods section, distinguishes and gives relationships between the species. There is strong Bayesian support for progenitor-descendant pairs and lineages. Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt. is considered a synonym of A. aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. Anoectangium crassinervium Mitt. is transferred to Molendoa Lindb., under a nomen novum with A. handelii Schiffn. as a synonym. Anoectangium incrassatum Broth., related to the Asian A. clarum Mitt., is reported as a well-characterized species from the West Indies. Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt. is re-lectotypified. Distinctions between A. aestivum and A. euchloron (Schwägr.) Spruce in the New World are clarified. Causal explanations in systematics are equated with entropy maximization in Shannon information analysis in the context of serial descent. A Pleistocene species pump hypothesis is advanced to explain the stenomorphic populations of species of the genus in eastern North America.
{"title":"Macroevolutionary Evaluation Methods Extended, Consolidated, and Exemplified with Anoectangium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in North America and the Himalayas","authors":"R. Zander","doi":"10.3417/2019332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019332","url":null,"abstract":"Methods of macroevolutionary systematics as recently modified are explained and applied to the genus Anoectangium Schwägr. (Pottiaceae) in hyperoceanic areas of coastal northwestern North America. It was revealed that this area harbored species like those reported for the Himalayan region of northern India. Keys are provided for North American and Himalayan species of the genus. A macroevolutionary analysis, detailed in the Methods section, distinguishes and gives relationships between the species. There is strong Bayesian support for progenitor-descendant pairs and lineages. Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt. is considered a synonym of A. aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. Anoectangium crassinervium Mitt. is transferred to Molendoa Lindb., under a nomen novum with A. handelii Schiffn. as a synonym. Anoectangium incrassatum Broth., related to the Asian A. clarum Mitt., is reported as a well-characterized species from the West Indies. Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt. is re-lectotypified. Distinctions between A. aestivum and A. euchloron (Schwägr.) Spruce in the New World are clarified. Causal explanations in systematics are equated with entropy maximization in Shannon information analysis in the context of serial descent. A Pleistocene species pump hypothesis is advanced to explain the stenomorphic populations of species of the genus in eastern North America.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45429959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. P. Pinzón, I. Ramírez‐Morillo, G. Carnevali, W. Till, D. Butcher, J. J. Ortiz-Díaz
The taxonomic treatment of the 18 species composing the Tillandsia utriculata L. complex s.l. is presented. A description and a diagnosis of the group are provided, as well as two artificial keys to species, each emphasizing characters from living plants or from exsiccatae, respectively. Complete taxonomic information is given, including taxonomic citation, synonymy, etymology or eponimy, description, specimens examined, phenology, nomenclatural notes, relationships and diagnostic characters, variation, ecology and distribution, together with plates of living plants and vegetative and reproductive structures, as well as maps of distribution.
{"title":"Taxonomic Treatment of the Tillandsia utriculata Complex (Bromeliaceae)","authors":"J. P. Pinzón, I. Ramírez‐Morillo, G. Carnevali, W. Till, D. Butcher, J. J. Ortiz-Díaz","doi":"10.3417/2019315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019315","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic treatment of the 18 species composing the Tillandsia utriculata L. complex s.l. is presented. A description and a diagnosis of the group are provided, as well as two artificial keys to species, each emphasizing characters from living plants or from exsiccatae, respectively. Complete taxonomic information is given, including taxonomic citation, synonymy, etymology or eponimy, description, specimens examined, phenology, nomenclatural notes, relationships and diagnostic characters, variation, ecology and distribution, together with plates of living plants and vegetative and reproductive structures, as well as maps of distribution.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46444948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ephedranthus S. Moore is a Neotropical genus of Annonaceae distributed from Colombia and the Guianas to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil, comprised of seven species: E. amazonicus R. E. Fr., E. boliviensis Chatrou & Pirie, E. colombianus Maas & Setten, E. dimerus J. C. Lopes, Chatrou & Mello-Silva, E. guianensis R. E. Fr., E. parviflorus S. Moore, and E. pisocarpus R. E. Fr. The genus is recognized by the combination of leaves with impressed adaxial veins, short pedicels, two to five bracts, androdioecy (i.e., some plants with only staminate flowers, other plants with only bisexual flowers), and 1-seeded monocarps. This revision updates the knowledge about the genus, providing a morphological phylogenetic analysis of Ephedranthus species, with a key, descriptions, distribution maps, and illustrations of the diagnostic characters of the species. The phylogenetic analysis shows Ephedranthus defined by having staminate flowers and basal placentation, and the seven species related as ((E. colombianus, E. boliviensis) ((E. guianensis, E. amazonicus) (E. dimerus (E. parviflorus, E. pisocarpus)))); based on this, the current subdivision of Ephedranthus is not monophyletic, and the sections are here synonymized.
麻黄属(Ephedranthus S. Moore)是番荔枝科的一个新热带属，分布于哥伦比亚和圭亚那到玻利维亚和巴西东南部，由7种组成:E. amazonicus R. E. Fr.、E. boliviensis Chatrou & Pirie、E. colombianus Maas & Setten、E. dimerus J. C. Lopes、Chatrou & Mello-Silva、E. guianensis R. E. Fr.、E. parviflorus S. Moore和E. pisocarpus R. E. Fr.该属的特征是:叶片正面叶脉突出、花梗短、2 - 5片苞片、雄蕊雌花(即一些植物只有雄蕊花，另一些植物只有两性花)和1粒单心植物的组合。本修订版更新了有关麻黄属的知识，提供了麻黄属物种的形态系统发育分析，并提供了该物种的诊断特征的关键、描述、分布图和插图。系统发育分析表明，麻黄属植物以雄蕊花和基部着床为特征，亲缘关系为(E. colombianus, E. boliviensis) (E. guianensis, E. amazonicus) (E. dimerus (E. parviflorus, E. pisocarpus))));在此基础上，目前的麻黄属细分不是单系的，这里的各节是同义的。
{"title":"Revision and Morphological Phylogeny of Ephedranthus, a Neotropical Genus of Annonaceae","authors":"J. C. Lopes, R. Mello-Silva","doi":"10.3417/2019305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019305","url":null,"abstract":"Ephedranthus S. Moore is a Neotropical genus of Annonaceae distributed from Colombia and the Guianas to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil, comprised of seven species: E. amazonicus R. E. Fr., E. boliviensis Chatrou & Pirie, E. colombianus Maas & Setten, E. dimerus J. C. Lopes, Chatrou & Mello-Silva, E. guianensis R. E. Fr., E. parviflorus S. Moore, and E. pisocarpus R. E. Fr. The genus is recognized by the combination of leaves with impressed adaxial veins, short pedicels, two to five bracts, androdioecy (i.e., some plants with only staminate flowers, other plants with only bisexual flowers), and 1-seeded monocarps. This revision updates the knowledge about the genus, providing a morphological phylogenetic analysis of Ephedranthus species, with a key, descriptions, distribution maps, and illustrations of the diagnostic characters of the species. The phylogenetic analysis shows Ephedranthus defined by having staminate flowers and basal placentation, and the seven species related as ((E. colombianus, E. boliviensis) ((E. guianensis, E. amazonicus) (E. dimerus (E. parviflorus, E. pisocarpus)))); based on this, the current subdivision of Ephedranthus is not monophyletic, and the sections are here synonymized.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44305124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chusquea Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) is the most diverse genus of woody bamboos in the world. In southern South America, several species of Chusquea are the dominant components of the understory and all of them are endemic to the region. The taxonomic position of some of those species has raised much controversy. In this work, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Chusquea species native to Chile is presented, including synonyms, descriptions, iconography, geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, common names, and a key for the identification of the 13 taxa considered here (12 species and one form) based on vegetative and reproductive morphological characters. Chusquea andina Phil. and C. gigantea Demoly are included for the first time in a taxonomic treatment, establishing their differences with related entities and, thus, resolving the C. culeou E. Desv. species complex. Also, a complete illustration of C. fernandeziana Phil. is presented for the first time.
{"title":"Revisión Taxonómica de las Especies de Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) en Chile","authors":"C. Guerreiro, A. S. Vega","doi":"10.3417/2019345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019345","url":null,"abstract":"Chusquea Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) is the most diverse genus of woody bamboos in the world. In southern South America, several species of Chusquea are the dominant components of the understory and all of them are endemic to the region. The taxonomic position of some of those species has raised much controversy. In this work, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Chusquea species native to Chile is presented, including synonyms, descriptions, iconography, geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, common names, and a key for the identification of the 13 taxa considered here (12 species and one form) based on vegetative and reproductive morphological characters. Chusquea andina Phil. and C. gigantea Demoly are included for the first time in a taxonomic treatment, establishing their differences with related entities and, thus, resolving the C. culeou E. Desv. species complex. Also, a complete illustration of C. fernandeziana Phil. is presented for the first time.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42404590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Jiang, Huajie He, Lu Lu, K. Burgess, Hong Wang, De‐Zhu Li
Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade. As the seventh in a series that examines pollen morphological distribution and evolution in the angiosperms, this paper focuses on pollen morphological character states of the nitrogen-fixing clade. To illustrate the palynological diversity of the clade, we first examined pollen grains from 26 species with light electron, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Second, we used a reduced data matrix from Li et al. (2015) to reconstruct a maximum likelihood tree and then optimized 18 pollen character states onto the tree using Fitch parsimony, maximum likelihood, and hierarchical Bayesian inference. Finally, 12 plesiomorphic states for the nitrogen-fixing clade were inferred unambiguously under all methods, and more than 40 clades (or lineages) at or above familial level were characterized by unambiguous pollen character state changes in at least one of the optimizations. We found a number of evolutionary trends for changes in pollen character states. These include increasing grain size, increasing aperture number accompanied by concomitant changes in aperture position (from equatorial to global) and aperture shape (from colpate to colporate), and increasing complexity of tectum ornamentation. There was a strong correlation between some pollen characters (prolate shape class, lobe outline in polar view, colpate ectoaperture, lalongate and lolongate endoaperture, absent supratectal element, reticulate tectum) and insect pollination, while other pollen characters—simple aperture structure, porate ectoaperture, circular endoaperture, present and gemmate or echinate supratectal element, and imperforate tectum—were strongly correlated with wind pollination. In addition, rugulate tectum was significantly correlated with shrub habit while larger pollen size was significantly correlated with vine habit; the helophytic habitat was significantly correlated with having two apertures. Our study provides rich evidence for the phylogenetic significance of pollen morphological diversity in the nitrogen-fixing clade.
{"title":"Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-fixing Clade","authors":"Wei Jiang, Huajie He, Lu Lu, K. Burgess, Hong Wang, De‐Zhu Li","doi":"10.3417/2019337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade. As the seventh in a series that examines pollen morphological distribution and evolution in the angiosperms, this paper focuses on pollen morphological character states of the nitrogen-fixing clade. To illustrate the palynological diversity of the clade, we first examined pollen grains from 26 species with light electron, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Second, we used a reduced data matrix from Li et al. (2015) to reconstruct a maximum likelihood tree and then optimized 18 pollen character states onto the tree using Fitch parsimony, maximum likelihood, and hierarchical Bayesian inference. Finally, 12 plesiomorphic states for the nitrogen-fixing clade were inferred unambiguously under all methods, and more than 40 clades (or lineages) at or above familial level were characterized by unambiguous pollen character state changes in at least one of the optimizations. We found a number of evolutionary trends for changes in pollen character states. These include increasing grain size, increasing aperture number accompanied by concomitant changes in aperture position (from equatorial to global) and aperture shape (from colpate to colporate), and increasing complexity of tectum ornamentation. There was a strong correlation between some pollen characters (prolate shape class, lobe outline in polar view, colpate ectoaperture, lalongate and lolongate endoaperture, absent supratectal element, reticulate tectum) and insect pollination, while other pollen characters—simple aperture structure, porate ectoaperture, circular endoaperture, present and gemmate or echinate supratectal element, and imperforate tectum—were strongly correlated with wind pollination. In addition, rugulate tectum was significantly correlated with shrub habit while larger pollen size was significantly correlated with vine habit; the helophytic habitat was significantly correlated with having two apertures. Our study provides rich evidence for the phylogenetic significance of pollen morphological diversity in the nitrogen-fixing clade.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49082771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper is the first in an expected series of publications treating the Araceae of the Lita–San Lorenzo Region of northwestern Ecuador. An introduction to the physical and ecological characteristics of the area is given, and Anthurium Schott sect. Polyneurium Engl. is redefined and typified. Thirty-four species in section Polyneurium are fully described of which 13 are new species of Anthurium: A. bruxellense Croat, A. chuchubiense Croat, A. cornejoi Croat, A. decursivum Croat, A. hannoniae Croat, A. impolitoellipticum Croat, A. kinsingeriae Croat, A. longeinternodum Croat, A. mansellii Croat, A. pandurilaminum Croat, A. pseudotalamancae Croat, A. triangulohastatum Croat, and A. waramirezii Croat. In addition, six seemingly new but (sometimes) sterile species for the region are fully described but not formally named.
{"title":"Araceae of the Lita–San Lorenzo Region (Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador)—Part 1: Anthurium Sect. Polyneurium1","authors":"T. Croat, J. Teisher, Lynn P. Hannon, C. Kostelac","doi":"10.3417/2018071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2018071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 This paper is the first in an expected series of publications treating the Araceae of the Lita–San Lorenzo Region of northwestern Ecuador. An introduction to the physical and ecological characteristics of the area is given, and Anthurium Schott sect. Polyneurium Engl. is redefined and typified. Thirty-four species in section Polyneurium are fully described of which 13 are new species of Anthurium: A. bruxellense Croat, A. chuchubiense Croat, A. cornejoi Croat, A. decursivum Croat, A. hannoniae Croat, A. impolitoellipticum Croat, A. kinsingeriae Croat, A. longeinternodum Croat, A. mansellii Croat, A. pandurilaminum Croat, A. pseudotalamancae Croat, A. triangulohastatum Croat, and A. waramirezii Croat. In addition, six seemingly new but (sometimes) sterile species for the region are fully described but not formally named.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"104 1","pages":"105 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The year 2018 was declared as the “Year of the Aroids” at the Missouri Botanical Garden. As part of the celebratory activities included during the year, one special aroid issue was set to be produced for each of the journals published by the Garden, the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (this issue) and Novon 27(1).
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Araceae, Recent Advances and Future Challenges1","authors":"M. Carlsen","doi":"10.3417/2018386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2018386","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2018 was declared as the “Year of the Aroids” at the Missouri Botanical Garden. As part of the celebratory activities included during the year, one special aroid issue was set to be produced for each of the journals published by the Garden, the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (this issue) and Novon 27(1).","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"104 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47089318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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