Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology最新文献_第5页

Scorpions in urbanized landscapes: influence of habitat type and landscape on body condition, diversity and functional traits in a Neotropical submontane forest 城市化景观中的蝎子：栖息地类型和景观对新热带亚热带森林蝎子身体状况、多样性和功能特征的影响

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104087

Matheus Leonydas Borba Feitosa , Fredy Alvarado , Hidalgo Valentim Gomes de Lima , Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura , André Felipe de Araujo Lira

The local filtering process exerts a significant influence on the evolution of species traits. Furthermore, the spatial configuration of the landscape may also exert an influence on the assembly of traits within communities. It is of paramount importance to comprehend the impact of human-induced alterations to tropical forest habitats and land cover on the diversity, fitness, and functional characteristics of native fauna, as this knowledge is fundamental to the field of conservation biology. In this study, we investigate the impact of different habitats and land cover on the abundance, species richness, composition, body condition, and functional traits of the scorpion assemblage in a Neotropical submontane forest region. The scorpions were collected via active search in 60 sampling units distributed evenly among three habitat types: the city core, urban green areas, and forests. A total of 882 specimens were sampled, distributed among five species within two families. The results indicate that, at the habitat level, forests exhibited greater abundance and species richness, and these taxonomic patterns were sensitive to the surrounding land use. Furthermore, the expansion of urban areas in the landscape composition also results in a shift in species composition. Additionally, forest habitats are vital for maintaining higher body condition. Conversely, habitats classified as city core have led to the emergence of traits adapted to urban conditions. It is evident that urban green infrastructure plays a pivotal role in maintaining scorpion biodiversity, even in highly urbanized environments.

局部滤波过程对物种性状的进化有重要影响。此外，景观的空间结构也可能对群落内部特征的集合产生影响。理解人类对热带森林栖息地和土地覆盖的改变对本地动物的多样性、适应性和功能特征的影响至关重要，因为这是保护生物学领域的基础知识。在本研究中，我们研究了不同生境和土地覆盖对新热带亚山地林区蝎子群落丰度、物种丰富度、组成、身体状况和功能性状的影响。采用主动搜索的方法，在城市核心区、城市绿地和森林三种生境类型中均匀分布了60个采样单元。共采集标本882份，分布于2科5种。结果表明，在生境水平上，森林表现出更大的丰度和物种丰富度，并且这些分类格局对周围土地利用敏感。此外，城市面积的扩大也导致了物种组成的变化。此外，森林栖息地对于保持较高的身体状态至关重要。相反，被归类为城市核心的栖息地导致了适应城市条件的特征的出现。很明显，即使在高度城市化的环境中，城市绿色基础设施在维持蝎子生物多样性方面也起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Additive effects of the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus individually and in combination on arbuscular mycorrhizas: A meta-analysis 单独和联合添加氮磷对丛枝菌根的加性效应：一项荟萃分析

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104109

Lingjie Chen , Esvin Gonzalez , Yin Guo , Yue Shen , Xin Yang

Anthropogenic activity–induced enrichment of soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) considerably alters the structures and functions of ecosystems. However, the interactive effects of N + P addition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remain unclear. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the individual and combined effects of N + P addition on the abundance of AMF. The results showed that N addition significantly increased the abundance of AMF by 7.54 %, whereas the P addition significantly resulted in a decrease of 29.22 %. The combined effects of N + P addition substantially decreased the abundance of AMF by 37.55 % and caused a substantial decrease in grasslands and greenhouses by 53.85 % and 48.48 %, respectively, but had no effect on forest ecosystems. More importantly, the interactive effects of N + P addition are more probable to be additive, rather than synergistic or antagonistic. These findings highlight the importance of the additive interactive effects of N + P addition on the abundance of AMF and should prove useful to better understand below-ground ecological processes caused by nutrient enrichment under global change conditions.

人类活动引起的土壤氮、磷富集极大地改变了生态系统的结构和功能。然而，氮磷添加对丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的交互作用尚不清楚。因此，进行了一项荟萃分析，以量化N + P添加对AMF丰度的单个和联合影响。结果表明，施氮使AMF丰度显著提高7.54%，而施磷使AMF丰度显著降低29.22%。N + P复合效应使AMF丰度显著降低37.55%，草地和温室AMF丰度分别显著降低53.85%和48.48%，但对森林生态系统没有影响。更重要的是，N + P的相互作用更可能是相加的，而不是协同或拮抗的。这些发现强调了N + P添加对AMF丰度的加性相互作用的重要性，并应证明有助于更好地了解全球变化条件下养分富集引起的地下生态过程。

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引用次数: 0

Functional nestedness of anuran communities along gradients of pond area and permanence 沿池塘面积和持久性梯度的无尾蚁群落功能巢性

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104108

Joaquim Flesch Salaberry , Mauricio Almeida-Gomes , Camila Chiamenti Both , Adriano Sanches Melo

Turnover in community composition is expected when species are restricted to parts of environmental or biotic gradients. In contrast, nestedness emerges when some parts of a gradient allow many species to co-occur, while other parts restrict presence to generalist species. This leads to communities in diversity-poor areas of the gradient to be subsets of those in the richer areas. Anurans that develop in ponds are strongly affected by water availability, with small and ephemeral habitats harbouring species with traits adapted to desiccation risk. We hypothesized that water availability, estimated by pond area and permanence, will generate a nested pattern in anuran trait diversity. We tested this hypothesis using data from two anuran metacommunities in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. The first metacommunity comprised 1514 adult anurans from 23 species distributed in 11 ponds, whereas the second one included 10,852 tadpoles from 21 species in 38 ponds. We estimated functional diversity using body variables, habitat use and reproductive modes and tested our hypothesis using a nestedness metric based on functional data (treeNODF). We found that small ponds and with low permanence included not only lower functional diversity, but diversities that were subsets of those present in larger, more permanent ponds. The results suggest that, even in tropical and subtropical regions and regardless of life stage, anuran traits are more diverse in large habitats with prolonged water permanence. Small and temporary ponds severely restrict species and their traits, thus favouring few species with specific sets of traits.

当物种被限制在部分环境或生物梯度时，预计群落组成的更替。相反，当梯度的某些部分允许许多物种共存，而其他部分限制了通才物种的存在时，巢性就出现了。这导致梯度多样性贫乏地区的社区成为较富裕地区的亚群。在池塘中发育的无尾动物受到水供应的强烈影响，小而短暂的栖息地庇护着具有适应干燥风险特征的物种。我们假设，通过池塘面积和持久性估算的水分有效性将在动物性状多样性中产生一种嵌套模式。我们使用巴西热带和亚热带地区的两个anuran元群落的数据验证了这一假设。第一个元群落包括11个池塘中23种1514只成年无尾蛙，第2个元群落包括38个池塘中21种10852只蝌蚪。我们使用身体变量、栖息地使用和繁殖模式来估计功能多样性，并使用基于功能数据的巢性度量（treeNODF）来验证我们的假设。我们发现，小池塘和持久性较低的池塘不仅包括较低的功能多样性，而且包括更大、更持久的池塘中存在的多样性的子集。结果表明，即使在热带和亚热带地区，无论生命阶段如何，在水持久性较长的大型栖息地中，无尾猿的特征也更为多样化。小型和临时池塘严重限制了物种及其性状，因此有利于具有特定性状的少数物种。

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引用次数: 0

The estimation of light transmittance through grassland canopy: Searching for a suitable indirect indicator 草地冠层透光率估算：寻找合适的间接指标

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104102

Marek Czerwiński , Barbara Golińska , Artur Paszkowski , Konrad Wróblewski , Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zielińska , Piotr Goliński

In grasslands, the transmittance of photosynthetically active radiation through the canopy (RLI_g) is a key factor in terms of ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. However, direct RLI_g measurement is time-consuming, and the estimation is difficult because the relationship between RLI_g and other canopy characteristics has not been sufficiently explored. We aimed to determine the relationships between RLI_g for vegetation with a different cover of forbs, and easily measurable, potential proxy indicators: average canopy height (h), fresh aboveground biomass (FM), and several indices obtained from Sentinel-2 satellites: leaf area index (LAI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and structure insensitive pigment index (SIPI). Empirical data was collected from 2020 to 2023 in 22 mesic grasslands located in Poland. A clear pattern of relationship with RLI_g was observed for h, FM, and LAI: the increase in these parameters coincided with the decrease in RLI_g. This decrease was strong when h, FM and LAI were still low and became moderate when h, FM, and LAI increased to a certain threshold. This shift in the RLI_g trend line was more abrupt and occurred earlier in canopies with high herb cover. This relationship can be accurately modeled using a broken line regression. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is almost unavailable near the ground in swards taller than 15 cm, with LAI greater than 4.5 and aboveground biomass greater than 1.0 kg m⁻². Due to the complexity of the models obtained, practical estimation of RLI_g based on h, FM, or LAI may be difficult.

在草原上，光合有效辐射通过冠层的透射率是影响生态系统生产力和生物多样性的关键因素。然而，直接测量RLIg不仅耗时，而且由于RLIg与其他冠层特征之间的关系尚未得到充分的探讨，因此估算困难。我们旨在确定不同覆盖度植被的RLIg与易于测量的潜在替代指标（平均冠层高度（h)、新鲜地上生物量（FM））以及Sentinel-2卫星获得的叶面积指数（LAI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、增强植被指数（EVI）和结构不敏感色素指数（SIPI））之间的关系。本文收集了波兰22个mesic草原2020 - 2023年的实证数据。h、FM和LAI与RLIg有明显的关系：这些参数的增加与RLIg的下降相吻合。当h、FM和LAI仍处于较低水平时，下降幅度较大，当h、FM和LAI达到一定阈值时，下降幅度逐渐减小。在草本盖度高的林冠层，RLIg趋势线的变化更为突然，发生时间也更早。这种关系可以用折线回归准确地建模。在高度大于15 cm、LAI大于4.5、地上生物量大于1.0 kg m−2的草地上，近地几乎不存在光合有效辐射（PAR）。由于所获得模型的复杂性，基于h、FM或LAI的RLIg的实际估计可能很困难。

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引用次数: 0

Increased litterfall productivity in coastal dry forests of Argentina invaded by Ligustrum lucidum 女贞子入侵阿根廷沿海干旱林凋落物生产力的提高

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104113

S.R. Carrizo , M.V.E. Díaz Villa , M.F. Cagnone , J.S. Paronetto , N. Madanes , G. Goldstein , P.M. Cristiano

Endangered coastal dry native forests in Argentina are currently threatened by glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum) invasion. The main objective of this study was to estimate and compare litterfall productivity in these dry forests with different degrees of L. lucidum invasion; and to analyse the relationship between invasion and soil nutrients. Leaf litter productivity in invaded forests was three times higher and fruit litter productivity was seven times higher than in preserved and partially-preserved forests. Although total litterfall dynamics showed a similar seasonal pattern across all forests, leaf and fruit litter productivity were different among forests, and native species’ contribution to leaf litter decreased from 81,9 % in preserved forests to 1,9 % in invaded forests. Soil litter layer depth increased almost four times in glossy privet invaded forests. Despite these changes, no differences were detected in soil nutrient and carbon contents among forests, except for a lower organic phosphorus content in invaded forests. Although partially-preserved forests remain functionally similar to preserved forests in terms of litterfall dynamics, their ongoing invasion by L. lucidum indicates a potential risk of structural shifts, suggesting that very rapid management interventions are required.

阿根廷濒临灭绝的沿海干燥原生森林目前受到光泽女贞（女贞）入侵的威胁。本研究的主要目的是估算和比较不同程度露光l.l ididum入侵的干旱林的凋落物生产力；并分析了入侵与土壤养分的关系。入侵林的凋落叶生产力是保存林和部分保存林的3倍，果实凋落叶生产力是保存林和部分保存林的7倍。尽管各森林凋落物总量呈现相似的季节变化规律，但不同森林凋落物的叶和果实生产力存在差异，原生物种对凋落物的贡献从保留林的81.9%下降到入侵林的1.9%。在有光泽的女贞入侵的森林中，土壤凋落物层深度增加了近4倍。尽管存在这些变化，但除了入侵林的有机磷含量较低外，不同森林间土壤养分和碳含量没有差异。尽管部分保护森林在凋落物动态方面与保护森林在功能上保持相似，但它们的持续入侵表明存在结构变化的潜在风险，这表明需要非常迅速的管理干预措施。

{"title":"Increased litterfall productivity in coastal dry forests of Argentina invaded by Ligustrum lucidum","authors":"S.R. Carrizo , M.V.E. Díaz Villa , M.F. Cagnone , J.S. Paronetto , N. Madanes , G. Goldstein , P.M. Cristiano","doi":"10.1016/j.actao.2025.104113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actao.2025.104113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endangered coastal dry native forests in Argentina are currently threatened by glossy privet (<em>Ligustrum lucidum</em>) invasion. The main objective of this study was to estimate and compare litterfall productivity in these dry forests with different degrees of <em>L. lucidum</em> invasion; and to analyse the relationship between invasion and soil nutrients. Leaf litter productivity in invaded forests was three times higher and fruit litter productivity was seven times higher than in preserved and partially-preserved forests. Although total litterfall dynamics showed a similar seasonal pattern across all forests, leaf and fruit litter productivity were different among forests, and native species’ contribution to leaf litter decreased from 81,9 % in preserved forests to 1,9 % in invaded forests. Soil litter layer depth increased almost four times in glossy privet invaded forests. Despite these changes, no differences were detected in soil nutrient and carbon contents among forests, except for a lower organic phosphorus content in invaded forests. Although partially-preserved forests remain functionally similar to preserved forests in terms of litterfall dynamics, their ongoing invasion by <em>L. lucidum</em> indicates a potential risk of structural shifts, suggesting that very rapid management interventions are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 104113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural factors or human disturbance: What shapes the occurrence of black grouse Lyrurus tetrix on the edge of its continuous range? 自然因素还是人为干扰：是什么影响了黑松鸡在其连续活动范围边缘的出现？

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104095

Michał Adamowicz , Tomasz Gortat , Patryk Czortek , Michał Chiliński

The black grouse belongs to a group of birds sensitive to environmental changes. A decrease in its numbers may signal the deteriorating habitat condition. In this study, we analyzed the impact of a number of predictors on the species' occurrence in one of its last Central European, mountainous refuge - the Polish Tatra Mountains. The study aimed to understand the land use of the species and identify the most important factors for its survival. Our results indicate the predominance of land cover over the other factors studied. Particularly, the presence of dwarf shrubs promoted the occurrence of black grouse. It showed a positive correlation with vegetation providing food and lekking sites and land cover by forest in the surroundings. A negative relationship was found with bare rock cover and high tourist pressure around the occurrence sites. Human disturbance had a negative impact on the species' occurrence, but it was less significant than habitat quality. However, it may be considered a habitat-fragmenting factor. Our results highlight the need to consider a large spatial scale when studying the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on a declining population, which is particularly important on the edge of the species’ continuous range. For conservation, it would also be optimal to incorporate our results along with data on reproductive success and the impact of climate change on shaping the local biotope.

黑松鸡属于一种对环境变化敏感的鸟类。其数量的减少可能是栖息地状况恶化的信号。在这项研究中，我们分析了一些预测因素对该物种在其最后一个中欧山区避难所之一-波兰塔特拉山脉中的发生的影响。该研究旨在了解该物种的土地利用情况，并确定其生存的最重要因素。我们的研究结果表明，土地覆盖在研究的其他因素中占主导地位。矮灌木的存在促进了黑松鸡的发生。与周边植被提供的食物、渗漏点和森林覆盖面积呈正相关。发生地点周围的裸岩覆盖度与高旅游压力呈负相关。人为干扰对该物种的发生有负面影响，但影响程度低于生境质量。然而，它可能被认为是生境破碎化的因素。我们的研究结果强调，在研究生物和非生物因素对种群下降的影响时，需要考虑大的空间尺度，这在物种连续范围的边缘尤其重要。为了保护，将我们的结果与繁殖成功率和气候变化对当地生物群落形成的影响的数据结合起来也是最佳的。

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引用次数: 0

Drivers of aboveground carbon in protected areas in Burkina Faso 布基纳法索保护区地上碳的驱动因素

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104100

Kangbéni Dimobe , Korotimi Ouédraogo , Shem Kuyah , Adjima Thiombiano

Grasslands, savannas, and forests within protected areas play a vital role in mitigating climate change and conserving biodiversity. While these landscapes are widely recognized for their ecological value, the contribution of biodiversity to enhancing aboveground carbon (AGC) storage is less understood. We investigated how environmental factors (climate, topography and soil conditions) affect biodiversity and AGC stock, and how functional trait diversity and species composition mediate the response of AGC to evolutionary drivers within the study area. The study was conducted in 133 plots in two protected areas (Bontioli Total Wildlife reserve and Nazinga Game Ranch) in Burkina Faso. We measured local environmental conditions, species composition and tree structural data (diameter at breast height, maximum height) for each plot. We used combined field observations with wood density values from literature to quantify phylogenetic diversity, functional trait diversity and dominance. We then estimated AGC using established allometric equations. We used structural equation models to assess the direct and indirect impacts of environmental factors on AGC stock, mediated by biodiversity metrics. Aboveground carbon stocks ranged from 5 to 165 Mg/ha, with notable association between phylogenetic diversity and functional trait metrics. These findings underscore the influence of both complementary interactions and trait-based selection. A strong positive relationship between phylogenetic diversity and functional richness across all vegetation types suggest that evolutionary divergence contribute to ecological function. However, the strength and direction of the relationship between phylogenetic diversity and community-weighted mean of maximum height differed among the vegetation types, suggesting that evolutionary influences on trait values are modulated by the unique environmental conditions of each ecosystem. This study highlights the intricate links between biodiversity, functional traits, and carbon storage, offering insights for managing and conserving forest ecosystems in support of SDGs 13 (Climate Action), 15 (Life on Land), and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

保护区内的草原、稀树草原和森林在减缓气候变化和保护生物多样性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然这些景观因其生态价值而得到广泛认可，但生物多样性对增强地上碳（AGC）储存的贡献却鲜为人知。研究了气候、地形和土壤等环境因子对生物多样性和AGC存量的影响，以及功能性状多样性和物种组成如何调节AGC对进化驱动因素的响应。这项研究是在布基纳法索两个保护区（Bontioli野生动物保护区和Nazinga狩猎牧场）的133个地块上进行的。我们测量了每个地块的当地环境条件、物种组成和树木结构数据（胸高直径、最大高度）。利用野外观测资料和木材密度值对系统发育多样性、功能性状多样性和优势度进行了定量分析。然后，我们使用建立的异速生长方程估计AGC。采用结构方程模型，以生物多样性指标为中介，评估了环境因子对AGC种群的直接和间接影响。地上碳储量在5 ~ 165 Mg/ha之间，系统发育多样性与功能性状指标之间存在显著相关性。这些发现强调了互补相互作用和基于性状的选择的影响。在所有植被类型中，系统发育多样性与功能丰富度之间存在显著的正相关关系，这表明进化差异有助于生态功能。然而，不同植被类型系统发育多样性与群落加权最大高度平均值之间的关系强度和方向不同，表明进化对性状值的影响是由不同生态系统的独特环境条件调节的。本研究强调了生物多样性、功能特征和碳储存之间的复杂联系，为管理和保护森林生态系统提供了见解，以支持可持续发展目标13（气候行动）、15（陆地上的生命）和12（负责任的消费和生产）。

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引用次数: 0

Seed deposition patterns reflect the foraging behavior and food habits of mammalian seed dispersers 种子沉积模式反映了哺乳动物种子传播者的觅食行为和食物习性

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104111

Teruki Inoue , Kei Okuda , Yoshino Sakamoto , Rui Miyamoto , Haruka Kobayashi , Misaki Yokoyama , Akira Yamawo

In endozoochorous seed dispersal via animal gut passage, seeds are often deposited together with multiple conspecific and/or heterospecific seeds, potentially increasing the intensity of seedling competition. Ecological characteristics of the seed disperser species, such as the foraging behavior, food habits, and body size may influence seed composition and seed density in feces. To evaluate how the ecological characteristics of seed dispersers influence the competitive environment for seedlings, we compared the seed composition and density in the feces of three mammalian seed disperser species, martens, raccoon dogs, and foxes, that differ in foraging behavior, food habits, and body size. We collected 105 fecal samples, recorded 9385 seeds, and identified eight plant species. Seed composition in feces differed significantly among the three disperser species. Marten feces were primarily composed of Malus toringo (Siebold). In contrast, those of raccoon dogs and foxes were composed of a more diverse array of plant species. The density of seeds in feces tended to be higher in martens and raccoon dogs than in foxes. These results suggest that the competitive environments of seedlings differ depending on the ecological characteristics of disperser species and may have differential effects on seedling establishment.

在通过动物肠道传播的过程中，种子通常与多个同种和/或异种种子一起沉积，潜在地增加了幼苗竞争的强度。种子传播者物种的觅食行为、食性、体型等生态特征可能影响粪便中种子的组成和密度。为了评估种子传播者的生态特性如何影响种子的竞争环境，我们比较了三种哺乳动物种子传播者——貂、貉和狐狸——粪便中的种子组成和密度，这些物种在觅食行为、食物习惯和体型上都存在差异。收集粪便样本105份，记录种子9385粒，鉴定出8种植物。粪便中的种子组成在三种分散物种之间存在显著差异。貂粪主要由黑貂（Malus toringo）组成。相比之下，浣熊狗和狐狸的那些是由更多样化的植物物种组成的。貂和貉粪便中的种子密度往往高于狐狸。这些结果表明，幼苗的竞争环境因分散物种的生态特性而异，对幼苗的形成可能有不同的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Invertebrate herbivore damage of lowland plant species decreases after an experimental shift to higher altitudes 低海拔植物的无脊椎草食损害在实验转移到高海拔后减少

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104099

Karolína Jackwerth , Dagmar Hucková , Ondřej Mudrák , Jan Klečka

Many plant and animal species move to higher altitudes in response to climate warming, leading to new species co-occurrences and novel plant-animal interactions. These shifts can impact species diversity and community composition in mountain habitats. According to the enemy release hypothesis, plant expansion into new areas may be facilitated by reduced damage from natural enemies, like herbivores. While this mechanism is known to facilitate the spread of invasive species, it is unclear whether the uphill movement of native plants, in response to rising temperatures, is also aided by reduced herbivory at sites above their current altitudinal range. In our study, we experimentally tested this hypothesis. We compared herbivore damage of six species of lowland plants grown in pots exposed to herbivores at their native sites in the lowland and at sites above their current upper altitudinal limit. As a control, we also measured herbivore damage of six plants growing naturally across the entire range of altitude. We found that lowland plants had reduced herbivore damage when they were moved to highland sites, while herbivore damage of species naturally growing at both altitudes did not differ. Changes of herbivore damage were modulated by leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area and to a lesser degree also by plant height. Our results support the enemy release hypothesis in the context of altitudinal range shifts. We conclude that reduced herbivore damage may help plants spread above their current upper altitudinal limit in response to rising temperatures.

为了应对气候变暖，许多植物和动物物种向更高的海拔迁移，导致新物种共存和新的植物-动物相互作用。这些变化会影响山地栖息地的物种多样性和群落组成。根据敌人释放假说，植物向新区域扩张可能会因为减少天敌（如食草动物）的伤害而变得容易。虽然已知这一机制促进了入侵物种的传播，但尚不清楚本地植物为应对不断上升的温度而向山上移动，是否也有助于在其当前海拔范围以上的地点减少食草性。在我们的研究中，我们通过实验验证了这一假设。本研究比较了6种盆栽低地植物在低地原生地和海拔上限以上地暴露于草食动物的伤害情况。作为对照，我们还测量了在整个海拔范围内自然生长的六种植物的草食损害。我们发现，低地植物迁移到高原后，食草性损害有所减少，而在两个海拔高度自然生长的物种的食草性损害没有差异。草食伤害的变化受叶片干物质含量、比叶面积的调节，株高也有一定程度的调节。我们的研究结果在海拔高度变化的背景下支持敌人释放假说。我们的结论是，减少食草动物的伤害可能有助于植物在当前的海拔上限上传播，以应对不断上升的温度。

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引用次数: 0

Earthworm: a keystone species of soil quality, health and functions 蚯蚓：土壤质量、健康和功能的关键物种

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104106

Yahya Kooch , Mehdi Heydari , Mohammad Kazem Parsapour , Orsolya Valkó

Soil science encompasses two fundamental concepts, soil quality and health, which are closely intertwined with soil functions and ecosystem services. Earthworms, recognized as keystone species and ecosystem engineers, constitute the largest portion of animal biomass in soils and serve as vital indicators within the soil quality-health-function nexus. This review article examines the pivotal role of earthworms in ecosystem services, including the development of soil structure, nutrient cycling, and regulation of water regimes, primary production, and pollution reduction. Globally, earthworms exert a significant influence on soil carbon dynamics, particularly in dryland ecosystems, and their impact is anticipated to increase in the future. However, it remains challenging to ascertain whether earthworms function predominantly as a net sink or source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) within soil systems. While these active soil organisms enhance soil carbon sequestration, they also contribute to the emission of GHG sources (CO₂ and N₂O). Consequently, earthworm community activity serves as a valuable indicator of soil quality and health, particularly in response to various management practices or ecosystem disturbances. A comprehensive understanding of the functional roles of earthworm communities is therefore essential. Developing multivariate soil health indices that incorporate both the ecosystem services and disservices mediated by earthworms will help bridge the gap between ecological theory and practical land management. This approach is crucial for addressing global challenges related to soil sustainability.

土壤科学包括两个基本概念：土壤质量和土壤健康，这两个概念与土壤功能和生态系统服务密切相关。蚯蚓是土壤中最重要的动物生物量，是土壤质量-健康-功能关系的重要指标，被认为是关键物种和生态系统工程师。本文综述了蚯蚓在生态系统服务中的关键作用，包括土壤结构的发展、养分循环、水分状况的调节、初级生产和污染的减少。在全球范围内，蚯蚓对土壤碳动态产生重大影响，特别是在旱地生态系统中，预计其影响将在未来增加。然而，要确定蚯蚓在土壤系统中主要是作为温室气体的净汇还是源，仍然具有挑战性。这些活跃的土壤生物在增强土壤固碳的同时，也促进了温室气体源（CO2和N2O）的排放。因此，蚯蚓群落活动是土壤质量和健康的一个有价值的指标，特别是在对各种管理做法或生态系统干扰作出反应时。因此，全面了解蚯蚓群落的功能角色是必不可少的。建立多元土壤健康指数，包括蚯蚓介导的生态系统服务和损害，将有助于弥合生态理论与实际土地管理之间的差距。这种方法对于解决与土壤可持续性有关的全球挑战至关重要。

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