Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology最新文献_第3页

The resilience of heathland ecosystems: A working hypothesis 荒地生态系统的复原力：工作假设

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104037

Christian Damgaard, Jesper Leth Bak, Morten Strandberg, Rikke Reisner Hansen

Ecosystem stability and resilience are vital characteristics for understanding key ecosystem dynamics, conservation management and restoration issues. However, for heathlands and other semi-natural ecosystems investigating stability and resilience demands a different approach from that of more stable ecosystems closer to a successional climax state, since we need to distinguish between 1) disturbances that are needed to maintain the ecosystem in a habitat-characteristic state, and 2) pressures that may perturb the ecosystem away from a characteristic state. Here, we suggest methods to measure and predict resilience in Atlantic dry heathland ecosystems. This will be achieved by outlining a working hypothesis of the most important factors that regulate the stability and resilience of semi-natural heathland ecosystems. At the center of the proposed hypothesis is the amount of nitrogen in the soil that is available for plant growth and how the nitrogen-cycling pathway is formed by dominant species of heathland ecosystems. Furthermore, we will discuss possible ways to quantify semi-natural ecosystem resilience and suggest a research program that would allow us to test the outlined working hypothesis in semi-natural ecosystems and provide quantitative information for making ecological predictions on heathland stability and resilience. This investigation has direct consequences for how heathland conservation may be planned in a way that protects both resilience, structure, function and the characteristic species of heathlands. It could also form an ecological basis for investigating anthropogenic practices and ways to protect its associated culture-historical values.

生态系统的稳定性和恢复力是了解关键生态系统动态、保护管理和恢复问题的重要特征。然而，对于荒漠地和其他半自然生态系统来说，调查稳定性和恢复力需要采用与接近演替高潮状态的更稳定生态系统不同的方法，因为我们需要区分：1）维持生态系统处于生境特征状态所需的干扰；2）可能干扰生态系统偏离特征状态的压力。在此，我们提出了测量和预测大西洋干旱荒漠生态系统恢复力的方法。为此，我们将就调节半自然荒漠生态系统稳定性和恢复力的最重要因素提出一个工作假设。假设的核心是土壤中植物生长所需的氮含量，以及荒漠生态系统的优势物种如何形成氮循环途径。此外，我们还将讨论量化半自然生态系统恢复力的可能方法，并提出一项研究计划，使我们能够在半自然生态系统中测试所概述的工作假设，并提供量化信息，以便对荒地的稳定性和恢复力进行生态预测。这项调查将直接影响到如何规划荒地保护，以保护荒地的恢复力、结构、功能和特有物种。它还可以为研究人类活动和保护其相关文化历史价值的方法奠定生态基础。

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引用次数: 0

Caves’ environmental stability shaping subterranean biodiversity in the neotropics 洞穴环境的稳定性塑造了新热带地区的地下生物多样性

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104036

Rafael Costa Cardoso, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Marconi Souza-Silva

Caves, once thought to be isolated ecosystems", are now understood to have intricate connections with surface environments, particularly evident at their entrances. These connections can significantly affect the microclimate within caves, leading to varying degrees of environmental stability. Our research explores the impact of microclimate conditions, specifically related to cave environmental stability, on biodiversity changes. We surveyed subterranean invertebrates during two different seasonal periods in 17 limestone caves in three karst regions in southeastern Brazil. Our analysis aimed to understand how environmental stability influences the overall richness of cave invertebrates and troglobitic species richness (restricted to subterranean habitats). We hypothesized that more stable caves would experience less fluctuation in relative species richness and lower turnover between seasons. Additionally, we anticipated that caves with greater environmental stability would harbor a higher richness of cave-restricted species in the function of their length. Our findings support these hypotheses, revealing a significant positive correlation between cave environmental stability and species richness. Caves with higher environmental stability demonstrated lower species turnover rates between seasons, indicating enhanced community stability. While environmental stability significantly affected species richness, its influence on cave-restricted species was comparatively less pronounced. This suggests a complex interplay of factors shaping the unique fauna of caves. Nonetheless, the implications of climate change underscore the importance of preserving the environmental stability of these ecosystems. Using environmental stability as a guide can help protect cave biodiversity from the adverse effects of climate change, contributing to broader conservation efforts for these unique habitats.

洞穴曾被认为是与世隔绝的生态系统"，但现在人们了解到，洞穴与地表环境有着错综复杂的联系，尤其是在洞穴入口处。这些联系会极大地影响洞穴内的小气候，从而导致不同程度的环境稳定性。我们的研究探讨了小气候条件对生物多样性变化的影响，特别是与洞穴环境稳定性相关的影响。我们在巴西东南部三个岩溶地区的 17 个石灰岩洞穴中，调查了两个不同季节的地下无脊椎动物。我们的分析旨在了解环境稳定性如何影响洞穴无脊椎动物的总体丰富度和蛙类物种丰富度（仅限于地下栖息地）。我们假设，越是稳定的洞穴，相对物种丰富度的波动越小，季节之间的更替率也越低。此外，我们还预计，环境稳定性越高的洞穴，在其长度的作用下，其洞穴限制物种的丰富度也会越高。我们的研究结果支持这些假设，揭示了洞穴环境稳定性与物种丰富度之间存在显著的正相关关系。环境稳定性较高的洞穴在不同季节之间的物种更替率较低，这表明洞穴群落的稳定性有所提高。虽然环境稳定性对物种丰富度有明显影响，但对洞穴限制物种的影响相对较小。这表明，形成洞穴独特动物群落的各种因素之间存在着复杂的相互作用。然而，气候变化的影响强调了保护这些生态系统环境稳定性的重要性。以环境稳定性为指导，有助于保护洞穴生物多样性免受气候变化的不利影响，为这些独特栖息地的更广泛保护工作做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperpredation as a mechanism responsible for the impact of introduced populations on native biodiversity 过度捕食是引入种群对本地生物多样性造成影响的机制之一

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104035

Marcelo H. Cassini, Luciano Rivas

Species that have been introduced into regions outside their native range can damage biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Hyperpredation is the process by which an introduced primary prey enables a generalist predator to increase dramatically in numbers leading to sustained abnormally high predation of secondary native prey. Testing the hyperpredation model is a challenging task because it has several assumptions but no exclusive predictions that are inconsistent with alternative hypotheses, for which data supporting several predictions are required to validate this hypothesis. We reviewed studies that postulate hyperpredation as a mechanism explaining the impact of introduced species. We used Scopus and Google Scholar databases for finding publications and Prisma protocol for selecting them. No one of the 44 selected publications provided enough information to demonstrate hyperpredation as the mechanism responsible for the impact of introduced prey populations on native biodiversity because (i) in all studies there were other ecological mechanisms that could explain the observed decline of native prey; (ii) no study have considered all the assumptions of the hyperpredation model, nor found positive results for all its predictions, and (iii) most studies used observational, descriptive method instead of field experiments that explicitly try to refute alternative hypotheses.

引入原生地以外地区的物种会破坏生物多样性和自然生态系统。过度捕食是指引入的主要猎物使通性捕食者的数量急剧增加，导致对次要本地猎物的捕食量持续异常增加的过程。检验超捕食模型是一项具有挑战性的任务，因为它有几个假设，但没有与其他假设不一致的独家预测，因此需要支持几个预测的数据来验证这一假设。我们回顾了将超捕食假定为解释引入物种影响机制的研究。我们使用 Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库查找出版物，并使用 Prisma 协议筛选出版物。在所选的 44 篇出版物中，没有一篇提供了足够的信息来证明超捕食是引入猎物种群对本地生物多样性造成影响的机制，因为（i）在所有研究中，还有其他生态机制可以解释所观察到的本地猎物的减少；（ii）没有一项研究考虑了超捕食模型的所有假设，也没有发现其所有预测的积极结果；（iii）大多数研究使用了观察和描述性方法，而不是明确尝试反驳其他假设的野外实验。

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引用次数: 0

Microtopography and vegetation generate uneven predation pressure on forest insects 微地形和植被对森林昆虫造成不均衡的捕食压力

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104031

Kohei Nakatsuji , Yuta Kobayashi , Tomohiro Yoshida

Predation plays an important role in the coexistence of multiple species within forest ecosystems. It is spatially heterogeneous and influenced by the surrounding environment at different spatial scales. Studies focusing on multiple environmental factors in systems with high spatial complexity are lacking, but elucidating the effects of local environmental factors within a forest could assist in understanding the effects of local differences in predation pressures on multispecies coexistence. Here, we examined the effects of microtopography and vegetation on predation pressure using the model caterpillar method. We hypothesized that differences in microtopography and vegetation types would result in different predation pressures on invertebrates within a forest. Insect attacks were dominant throughout the study period. The attack rates on the model caterpillars were also lower on hill tops and evergreen deciduous trees. Predation pressure within the forest was heterogeneous and independently influenced by topography and vegetation type. Our results suggest that environmental heterogeneity within forests may lead to highly variable predation pressures and affect multispecies coexistence. This study suggests that microtopography and vegetation types within forests should be considered for biological control.

捕食在森林生态系统中多物种共存的过程中扮演着重要角色。捕食在空间上是异质的，在不同的空间尺度上受到周围环境的影响。目前还缺乏对具有高度空间复杂性的系统中多种环境因素的研究，但阐明森林中局部环境因素的影响有助于理解捕食压力的局部差异对多物种共存的影响。在这里，我们利用毛虫模型法研究了微地形和植被对捕食压力的影响。我们假设，微地形和植被类型的差异会导致森林内无脊椎动物捕食压力的不同。在整个研究期间，昆虫的攻击占主导地位。在山顶和常绿落叶树上，模型毛虫的攻击率也较低。森林中的捕食压力是不均匀的，并受地形和植被类型的独立影响。我们的研究结果表明，森林内环境的异质性可能会导致捕食压力的高度变化，并影响多物种的共存。这项研究表明，生物防治应考虑森林内的微地形和植被类型。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between seagrass community structure and carbon stocks on the coasts of Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Indonesia 印度尼西亚卡里蒙查瓦海洋国家公园海岸海草群落结构与碳储量之间的关系

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104030

Amelia S.N. Kumala, Devi N. Choesin, Ichsan Suwandhi

The seagrass ecosystem is considered one of the most effective coastal ecosystems in storing carbon. Carbon stock estimation for a certain ecosystem is highly affected by factors such as species diversity and habitat type. This study aims to investigate the relationship between plant community structure and carbon stocks in the seagrass ecosystem using a case study of six coastal sites in Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Indonesia. In this region, eight seagrass species were recorded, i.e., Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Oceana serrulata. From the six study sites, the highest estimated carbon stock was 426.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ (Site 5; Telaga, dominated by E. acoroides). Meanwhile, the lowest estimated carbon stock was 127.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ (Site 4; Koin, dominated by T. hemprichii). The density of E. acoroides was positively correlated with the total seagrass biomass carbon stocks (r = 0.97; p < 0.01), while its dominance was positively correlated with sediment carbon stocks (r = 0.92; p < 0.05) and total seagrass ecosystem carbon stocks (r = 0.92; p < 0.05). Seagrass ecosystems with different community structures showed different carbon storage capacities. Seagrass ecosystems dominated by large-sized species such as E. acoroides showed higher estimated carbon stocks thus suggesting the importance of considering the variability of community structure in managing seagrass ecosystems for carbon sequestration and storage.

海草生态系统被认为是储存碳最有效的沿海生态系统之一。某一生态系统的碳储量估算受物种多样性和生境类型等因素的影响很大。本研究以印度尼西亚卡里蒙查瓦海洋国家公园（Karimunjawa Marine National Park）的六个沿海地点为案例，旨在研究海草生态系统中植物群落结构与碳储量之间的关系。该地区记录了 8 种海草，即 Enhalus acoroides、Thalassia hemprichii、Cymodocea rotundata、Halodule pinifolia、Halophila ovalis、Halophila minor、Syringodium isoetifolium 和 Oceana serrulata。在六个研究地点中，估计最高碳储量为 426.2 兆克碳公顷-1（地点 5；泰拉加，以 E. acoroides 为主）。同时，最低的碳储量估计值为 127.4 Mg C ha-1（地点 4；Koin，以 T. hemprichii 为主）。E. acoroides的密度与海草生物量总碳储量呈正相关（r = 0.97; p <0.01），而其优势度与沉积物碳储量（r = 0.92; p <0.05）和海草生态系统总碳储量（r = 0.92; p <0.05）呈正相关。不同群落结构的海草生态系统表现出不同的碳储存能力。以 E. acoroides 等大型物种为主的海草生态系统估计碳储量较高，这表明在管理海草生态系统以进行碳固存和储存时，考虑群落结构的变化非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal changes in altitudinal patterns of bird species richness in a temperate low-elevation mountain 温带低海拔山区鸟类物种丰富度海拔模式的季节性变化

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104033

Daichi Iijima, Takeshi Osawa

Mountain environments change rapidly over short distances along altitudinal gradients, providing an ideal system for exploring the mechanisms that shape biodiversity gradients. Species richness is the most studied diversity metric in mountains, and altitudinal patterns and their shaping mechanisms have been investigated worldwide. Although the altitudinal patterns of species richness in breeding bird assemblages have been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to seasonal changes in patterns between winter and summer. Furthermore, the effects of severe climate in high-elevation areas on seasonal changes in the altitudinal pattern of species richness in insular mountains remain unclear. We investigated changes in the pattern between the breeding and wintering seasons using field and literature surveys in Mount Tsukuba (877 m a.s.l.), central Japan. Temperatures at the middle elevations of the slope are relatively higher than those at the foot of the mountain in winter. The mountain is covered with forests up to its summit. We found that the altitudinal pattern of species richness was the low-plateau during the wintering season. Low-elevation areas were havens for wintering species, whereas high-elevation areas were impoverished in wintering species. Conversely, there was no association between elevation and species richness during the breeding season. Our study suggests that the relaxation of severe climates in high-elevation areas during winter and verdant forests in the highlands during summer are critical mechanisms driving seasonal changes in the altitudinal pattern of species richness. Furthermore, we highlight that comprehensive monitoring, including wintering seasons, is essential for detecting the changes in the diversity patterns of mountain bird assemblages due to the shift in the peak of wintering species richness under ongoing climate change.

山区环境沿着海拔梯度在短距离内迅速变化，为探索生物多样性梯度的形成机制提供了一个理想的系统。物种丰富度是研究最多的山区多样性指标，世界各地都对其海拔模式及其形成机制进行了研究。尽管对繁殖鸟类群落物种丰富度的海拔模式进行了广泛研究，但对冬夏两季物种丰富度的季节性变化却关注较少。此外，高海拔地区的恶劣气候对岛屿山区物种丰富度海拔模式季节变化的影响仍不清楚。我们在日本中部的筑波山（海拔 877 米）通过实地和文献调查研究了繁殖季节和越冬季节之间的模式变化。冬季，山坡中部海拔高度的气温相对高于山脚下。山顶上覆盖着森林。我们发现，在越冬季节，物种丰富度的海拔模式是低高原。低海拔地区是越冬物种的天堂，而高海拔地区则是越冬物种的贫瘠之地。相反，在繁殖季节，海拔高度与物种丰富度之间没有关联。我们的研究表明，冬季高海拔地区气候恶劣，夏季高原地区森林葱郁，这是物种丰富度海拔模式季节性变化的关键驱动机制。此外，我们还强调，包括越冬季节在内的全面监测对于检测气候变化导致越冬物种丰富度峰值变化引起的山地鸟类群落多样性模式变化至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Keystone species in an urban environment: Do raptors control the Mexican gray squirrel in Mexico City? 城市环境中的基石物种：猛禽会控制墨西哥城的墨西哥灰松鼠吗？

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104034

E. Elias Johnson , D. Alejandro Espinosa-Lucas , R. Darío Pérez-García , Israel Solano-Zavaleta , J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega , Gonzalo A. Ramírez-Cruz

Urbanization has forced animals to respond to novel environments. One of the basic questions in urban ecology is if ecological processes that occur in natural conditions also occur in urban environments. In natural ecosystems, key predators can limit prey abundance and have a widespread effect on trophic levels. Here, we examine a predator-prey interaction in Mexico City, an urban ecosystem where prey can be evaluated in the presence or absence of apex predators. Nearly all original ecosystems in Mexico City have been transformed for human purposes. Many of the green spaces in the city contain populations of the Mexican gray squirrel, a species native to this area. These green spaces are also inhabited by different species of raptors, the most frequent being Harris's hawk, Cooper's hawk, and sharp-shinned hawk. Little is known about the interactions between raptors and squirrels, particularly how different environmental factors influence this ecological relationship. We do know, however, that raptors prey on squirrels. We predicted that in parks where raptors were present, there would be fewer squirrels than in parks where there were no raptors. We studied the relationship between raptors and squirrels using occupancy models, which also allowed us to evaluate environmental factors that affect the presence of both squirrels and raptors. We also tested if the presence of raptors influenced the occupancy probability of squirrels, and vice versa. Lastly, we estimated the abundance of squirrels in parks, both where raptors were present and where they were absent. Contrary to our predictions, in our first two sampling periods we found a positive relationship between the presence of raptors and squirrel abundance, but this relationship was absent during our second two survey periods, which was due to a decline in squirrel abundance in parks where raptors were present. These results suggest that predator-prey interactions occur in urban settings much as they do under natural conditions, but that other factors unique to urbanization can also impact the abundance of raptors and squirrels. Our findings also suggest that raptors might be an effective means of controlling squirrel populations under some conditions.

城市化迫使动物对新环境做出反应。城市生态学的一个基本问题是，在自然条件下出现的生态过程是否也会在城市环境中出现。在自然生态系统中，主要捕食者会限制猎物的数量，并对营养级产生广泛影响。在这里，我们研究了墨西哥城捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用，在这个城市生态系统中，猎物可以在有无顶级捕食者的情况下进行评估。墨西哥城几乎所有的原始生态系统都已被人类改造。城市中的许多绿地中都有墨西哥灰松鼠的种群，灰松鼠是这一地区的原生物种。这些绿地中还栖息着不同种类的猛禽，其中最常见的是哈里斯鹰、库珀鹰和尖翅鹰。人们对猛禽与松鼠之间的相互作用知之甚少，尤其是不同的环境因素如何影响这种生态关系。不过，我们确实知道猛禽会捕食松鼠。我们预测，在有猛禽的公园里，松鼠的数量会少于没有猛禽的公园。我们利用占用模型研究了猛禽和松鼠之间的关系，这也使我们能够评估影响松鼠和猛禽存在的环境因素。我们还测试了猛禽的存在是否会影响松鼠的占据概率，反之亦然。最后，我们估算了公园中松鼠的丰度，包括有猛禽和没有猛禽的地方。与我们的预测相反，在前两个取样时段，我们发现猛禽的存在与松鼠的丰度之间存在正相关关系，但在后两个调查时段，这种关系消失了，这是因为在有猛禽存在的公园中，松鼠的丰度下降了。这些结果表明，城市环境中捕食者与被捕食者之间的相互作用与自然条件下一样，但城市化的其他独特因素也会影响猛禽和松鼠的数量。我们的研究结果还表明，在某些情况下，猛禽可能是控制松鼠数量的有效手段。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104032

Jerónimo Vázquez-Ramírez , José Eduardo Salgado-Cristóbal

The harvesting of mosses for ornamental purposes is a common activity worldwide. In some parts of Latin America and Europe, this activity is directly linked to the Catholic tradition of making nativity scenes at Christmas. At the end of each year, rural communities extract the moss layer from temperate forests and sell it in regional markets. The ecological impacts of this activity on temperate ecosystems and the vascular plants that inhabit them are poorly documented in the literature. Here, we determine the effects of moss layer harvest on the recruitment of the endangered species Abies hickelii in eastern Mexico. To this end, we conducted a series of in situ studies to determine the effects of moss layer harvest on (i) seeds and established seedlings, (ii) seedling emergence and (iii) seedling establishment of this conifer. We found that moss layer removal had positive and neutral effects on the early life stages of A. hickelii. Moss harvesting had minimal impact on the total seed input from the 2017–2018 mast event, as it occurred weeks before the peak of A. hickelii seed dispersal. After two years, the absence of the moss layer was associated with a higher number of emerged and established seedlings. We discuss the ecological implications of our findings and make recommendations for Christmas-related moss harvesting and future A. hickelii conservation efforts. Finally, although we found no significant negative effects of moss harvesting on A. hickelii, we only studied this one species, and the effects of this activity on other species are still unknown, so we recommend a cautious approach to moss harvesting.

为装饰目的采集苔藓是世界上一项常见的活动。在拉丁美洲和欧洲的一些地区，这项活动与天主教在圣诞节制作耶稣诞生场景的传统直接相关。每年年底，农村社区都会从温带森林中采集苔藓层，并在地区市场上出售。关于这项活动对温带生态系统和栖息于其中的维管植物的生态影响，文献记载很少。在此，我们确定了采收苔藓层对墨西哥东部濒危物种 Abies hickelii 的新陈代谢的影响。为此，我们进行了一系列原地研究，以确定苔藓层采伐对这种针叶树的（i）种子和成苗、（ii）出苗和（iii）成苗的影响。我们发现，清除苔藓层对希克勒针叶树的早期生命阶段有积极影响，也有中性影响。由于苔藓采集发生在 A. hickelii 种子散播高峰前几周，因此对 2017-2018 年桅杆事件的种子总输入量影响甚微。两年后，苔藓层的消失与出苗和成苗数量的增加有关。我们讨论了我们的发现对生态的影响，并对与圣诞节有关的苔藓采收和未来的 A. hickelii 保护工作提出了建议。最后，虽然我们没有发现采收苔藓对 A. hickelii 有明显的负面影响，但我们只研究了这一个物种，这种活动对其他物种的影响仍是未知数，因此我们建议对采收苔藓采取谨慎的态度。

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引用次数: 0

Winners and losers: Competition and the invasive grass Bromus inermis 赢家和输家：竞争与入侵草 Bromus inermis

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104021

David Ward , Ryan Utz

Competition can cause the loss of certain species and concurrent dominance of other species, especially with invasive species. Here we explore the mechanisms behind competition between an invasive grass species, smooth brome Bromus inermis, and two dominant native grass species, big bluestem Andropogon gerardi and little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium. Bromus inermis is now found in all contiguous states in the United States and may outcompete native species in North America, particularly when grazed. Grazing was simulated by cutting the plants once per year and three times per year, done monthly in the summer (plus an uncut control treatment). We grew all three species in the greenhouse as monocultures, as well as in a mix of B. inermis + A. gerardi and B. inermis + S. scoparium. We found that there was considerable yield suppression when smooth brome competed with both big- and little bluestem mixes with B. inermis after three cuts. Non-structural carbohydrates and total nitrogen declined considerably aboveground for the B. inermis + A. gerardi mix after three cuts. The clearest overall impact was that of cutting frequency, with plants receiving three cuts per season having lowest biomass. We conclude that the maintenance of biomass in B. inermis, despite the level of simulated herbivory, was probably the reason that they remained competitively dominant over the two native bluestem species.

竞争会导致某些物种的消失和其他物种同时占据主导地位，尤其是入侵物种。在这里，我们探讨了入侵草种平滑锦鸡儿与两种优势本地草种大蓝花蓼和小蓝花蓼之间的竞争机制。大蓝花蓼和小蓝花蓼目前在美国所有毗连州都有分布，可能会取代北美的本地物种，尤其是在放牧时。模拟放牧的方法是每年割草一次和每年割草三次，夏季每月一次（加上未割草的对照处理）。我们在温室中将这三种植物作为单一栽培品种以及＋和＋的混合栽培品种。我们发现，当平滑锦葵与大蓝花蓼和小蓝花蓼混种竞争时，经过三次砍伐后，产量会受到相当大的抑制。三刀后，"+"和 "+"混种草地上的非结构碳水化合物和总氮显著减少。最明显的总体影响是砍伐频率，每季砍伐三次的植物生物量最低。我们得出的结论是，尽管模拟草食性水平很高，但生物量仍能保持稳定，这可能是它们与两种本地蓝花楹相比仍具有竞争优势的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of litter decomposition and nutrient release from shrub litter on enzymatic activity and C/N/P stoichiometry of soils in a temperate pine forest 灌木枯落物的分解和养分释放对温带松林土壤酶活性和 C/N/P 化学计量的影响

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104020

Marzena Kaźmierczak, Ewa Błońska, Jarosław Lasota

Forest litter is an important factor in shaping the soil environment. In the temperate climate zone, there is a lack of research on the impact of shrubs on the properties of forest soils. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of litter decomposition and nutrient release from litter with an admixture of shrubs on enzymatic activity and C/N/P stoichiometry of soils. The study included pine monocultures and pine stands with an admixture of rowan or alder buckthorn or European hazelnut. In our experiment, we determined the chemical properties of litter of various shrub species. We determined the chemical composition of leachates from decomposing litter and the rate of decomposition of litter of different species. We determined the C/N/P stoichiometry and enzymatic activity of soils affected by litter of various species of shrubs. The quality of litter and the rate of its decomposition is an important factor shaping the properties of forest soils. Components released from the decomposition of litter with the shrubs had a positive effect on the C/N/P stoichiometry of soils and enzyme activity. The results obtained in this experiment confirm the possibility of using shrubs, especially alder buckthorn and European hazelnut, to improve the properties of forest soils. As a result of the decomposition of alder buckthorn or European hazelnut litter, the soil becomes enriched with nutrients. The decomposition of litter with shrub admixture occurs much faster compared to pine litter, which has a positive effect on the C/N/P stoichiometry and the enzymatic activity of soils.

森林垃圾是塑造土壤环境的重要因素。在温带气候区，关于灌木对森林土壤性质影响的研究还很缺乏。本研究旨在确定掺入灌木的枯落物分解和养分释放对土壤酶活性和 C/N/P 化学计量的影响。研究对象包括松树单植林和掺入楸树、赤杨或欧洲榛子的松树林。在实验中，我们测定了各种灌木树种枯落物的化学特性。我们测定了枯落物分解后浸出物的化学成分以及不同树种枯落物的分解速度。我们还测定了受不同灌木品种枯落物影响的土壤的 C/N/P 化学计量和酶活性。枯落物的质量及其分解速度是影响森林土壤性质的一个重要因素。灌木枯落物分解释放的成分对土壤的 C/N/P 化学计量学和酶活性有积极影响。实验结果证实了利用灌木（尤其是赤杨和欧洲榛子）改善森林土壤性质的可能性。桤木沙棘或欧洲榛子枯落物分解后，土壤中的养分变得更加丰富。与松树枯落物相比，掺入灌木的枯落物分解速度要快得多，这对土壤的碳/氮/磷比例和酶活性有积极影响。

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