Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology最新文献

Ant utilization of tree trunks in relation to environmental factors in a temperate forest 温带森林中蚂蚁利用树干与环境因素的关系

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104039

Kanata Sakaya Inoue , Kohei Nakatsuji , Satoshi Koyama , Yuta Kobayashi , Tomohiro Yoshida

Forests exhibit complex three-dimensional structures, wherein abiotic factors vary both vertically and horizontally. The interaction between organisms and these factors drives the remarkable biodiversity within forests. Tree trunks serve as vital conduits for organisms moving vertically within the forest, facilitating biodiversity maintenance. Organisms moving vertically through tree trunks in forests face varying abiotic conditions, which may enhance their resilience to long-term environmental changes. Despite numerous studies comparing canopy and ground communities, the distribution of organisms across multiple strata remains poorly understood. Here, we explore the correlation between the horizontal distribution of ants in a forest and environmental factors (topography, tree size, tree species), with a specific focus on their presence on tree trunks. Visual observations were conducted to document ant species richness on tree trunks, supplemented by pitfall traps to quantify soil arthropod biomass, serving as an indicator of protein availability. The results revealed that ant species richness on tree trunks varied based on topography and tree species, showing a positive correlation with tree size. However, no significant relationship emerged between soil arthropod biomass and ant richness on tree trunks. Furthermore, no discernible trend suggesting that certain species were less likely to co-occur was observed; instead, a tendency for some species to co-occur was found. These findings highlight the horizontal heterogeneity in the distribution of ants with respect to topography, tree species, and tree size within the forest.

森林呈现出复杂的三维结构，其中的非生物因素在纵向和横向上都各不相同。生物与这些因素之间的相互作用推动了森林内显著的生物多样性。树干是生物在森林中垂直移动的重要通道，有助于维持生物多样性。在森林中通过树干垂直移动的生物面临着不同的非生物条件，这可能会增强它们对长期环境变化的适应能力。尽管有大量研究对树冠和地面群落进行了比较，但人们对生物在多层中的分布仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们探讨了蚂蚁在森林中的水平分布与环境因素（地形、树木大小、树种）之间的相关性，特别关注它们在树干上的存在。我们通过目测来记录树干上的蚂蚁物种丰富度，并辅以坑式陷阱来量化土壤中节肢动物的生物量，以此作为蛋白质可用性的指标。结果显示，树干上的蚂蚁物种丰富程度因地形和树种而异，并与树木大小呈正相关。然而，土壤节肢动物生物量与树干上的蚂蚁丰富度之间没有明显关系。此外，也没有观察到某些物种不太可能共同出现的明显趋势；相反，发现了某些物种共同出现的趋势。这些发现凸显了森林中蚂蚁分布与地形、树种和树木大小有关的水平异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Understorey-nesting bird community responses to land use in the Korup National Park, an Afrotropical rainforest in South-Western Cameroon 喀麦隆西南部非洲热带雨林科鲁普国家公园林下鸟类群落对土地利用的反应

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104040

Jean Tonleu , Noelline Tsafack , Kadiri S. Bobo , Sebastien Lhoumeau , Wilfried G.T. Lontchi , Cyrille L.T. Tanebang , Mpoame Mbida

Tropical forest biodiversity is under immense pressure due to a combination of global and local factors, including climate change and intensive land use. Birds play an important role in tropical forest ecosystems, contributing significantly to various ecosystem services. This study examined the impact of deforestation on the richness and abundance of understorey-nesting bird communities along a land-use intensification gradient in the peripheral zone of Korup National Park, Southwest Cameroon. We selected 30 sampling plots, each covering 4 ha, across five habitat types: near-primary forest, secondary forest, disturbed forest, cocoa/coffee plantations, and annual food crop fields. A total of 236 understorey bird nests were identified, representing 16 species. Our findings revealed that land use intensity significantly influenced bird species richness and abundance. Primary and secondary forests provided 75% of the nesting species and 71% of the nests. However, 19% of the species either appeared or increased in cocoa/coffee plantations and annual crop fields. Among the feeding groups, frugivores were the most sensitive group to deforestation. This study corroborates the adverse effects of forest destruction on birds communities and highlights the urgent need to address the rapid and extensive forest conversion occurring within Korup National Park. Allowing secondary forests to regenerate and preserving large patches of primary forest are essential strategies to help understorey-nesting bird communities mitigate the impacts of global changes.

在气候变化和土地密集使用等全球和地方因素的共同作用下，热带森林的生物多样性面临着巨大压力。鸟类在热带森林生态系统中扮演着重要角色，为各种生态系统服务做出了巨大贡献。本研究考察了喀麦隆西南部科鲁普国家公园外围地带森林砍伐对林下鸟类群落丰富度和丰度的影响。我们在近原始森林、次生林、受干扰森林、可可/咖啡种植园和一年生粮食作物田这五种栖息地类型中选择了 30 个采样点，每个采样点占地 4 公顷。共发现 236 个林下鸟巢，代表 16 个物种。我们的研究结果表明，土地利用强度对鸟类物种的丰富度和丰度有很大影响。原始森林和次生林提供了 75% 的筑巢物种和 71% 的鸟巢。然而，19%的物种出现或增加在可可/咖啡种植园和一年生作物田中。在觅食群体中，食俭动物是对森林砍伐最敏感的群体。这项研究证实了森林破坏对鸟类群落的不利影响，并强调了解决科鲁普国家公园内发生的快速、大面积森林转换问题的紧迫性。让次生林再生和保护大片原始森林是帮助林下鸟类群落减轻全球变化影响的基本策略。

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引用次数: 0

Climatic seasonality and dominant species drive the temporal dynamics in a lizard assemblage in the Arid Chaco - Monte ecotone 气候季节性和优势物种推动了干旱查科--蒙特生态区蜥蜴群的时间动态变化

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104038

Rodrigo Gómez Alés , Franco Valdez Ovallez , Oscar A. Stellatelli , Ana E. Victorica Erostarbe , Rodrigo Nieva Cocilio , Ana P. Galdeano , Graciela M. Blanco , Juan Carlos Acosta

Lizard assemblages are dynamic, influenced by both seasonal climatic changes and intrinsic population shifts. Climate plays a crucial role in shaping lizard phenology, or the timing of their biological events, which critically affects the spatiotemporal structure of sympatric populations. Understanding how species richness and abundance fluctuate over time, and how these changes are influences by temporal factors, is essential for distinguishing between variations caused by unpredictable external factors and underlying natural changes. This study aimed to characterize lizard assemblage structure and dynamics, as well as species demographics, over three consecutive years within an Arid Chaco - Monte ecotone in central-western Argentina. We also sought to assess the effects of environmental drivers (e.g., temperature, precipitation) on assemblage and population dynamics. Monthly samples were taken using pitfall traps from October 2015 to May 2018 within the protected area of the Valle Fértil Multiple Use Reserve. We captured 1446 lizards, representing 12 species. Liolaemus chacoensis was dominant in the assemblage, followed by Teius teyou and Aurivela longicauda. Species richness and diversity varied seasonally, peaking during summer and autumn. The lizard assemblage exhibited activity throughout all seasons, with significant temporal niche overlap between species. Reproduction and activity in lizards were highly seasonal, primarily occurring in spring and summer, likely due to low winter temperatures and highly seasonal rainfall. Our study shows that climate seasonality and the demographics of the dominant species significantly influence the temporal dynamics of lizard assemblages in the Arid Chaco-Monte ecotone of Argentina.

蜥蜴种群是动态的，受到季节性气候变化和种群内在变化的影响。气候在形成蜥蜴物候学或其生物事件的时间方面起着至关重要的作用，这对同域种群的时空结构产生了关键影响。了解物种丰富度和丰度如何随时间波动，以及这些变化如何受到时间因素的影响，对于区分不可预测的外部因素引起的变化和潜在的自然变化至关重要。本研究旨在描述阿根廷中西部干旱查科--蒙特生态区连续三年的蜥蜴群结构和动态以及物种的人口统计学特征。我们还试图评估环境驱动因素（如温度、降水）对蜥蜴组合和种群动态的影响。从2015年10月到2018年5月，我们在Valle Fértil多用途保护区内使用坑式陷阱每月采集样本。我们捕获了 1446 只蜥蜴，代表 12 个物种。Liolaemus chacoensis在蜥蜴群中占主导地位，其次是Teius teyou和Aurivela longicauda。物种丰富度和多样性随季节变化，夏季和秋季达到高峰。蜥蜴群在所有季节都表现出活跃的活动，物种之间存在明显的时间生态位重叠。蜥蜴的繁殖和活动具有很强的季节性，主要发生在春季和夏季，这可能是由于冬季气温低和降雨季节性强的缘故。我们的研究表明，气候的季节性和优势物种的种群结构极大地影响了阿根廷干旱查科-蒙特生态区蜥蜴群的时间动态。

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引用次数: 0

Functional divergence exists in mucilage-mediated seed dispersal, but not in germination of myxospermic Lepidium campestre and Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae) 粘液介导的种子播散存在功能分化，但萌芽过程中的粘液分化与萌芽过程中的功能分化不同

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104042

Said Mohammed , Klaus Mummenhoff

The aim of this study was to compare the role of mucilage in seed dispersal and germination of the two closely related invasive weed species, Lepidium campestre and Lepidium draba. The study investigated the staining patterns of mucilage and its effects on seed germination, water uptake, dehydration, adherence to sand particles and dispersal by wind, water and animals following standard protocols. The mucilaginous seeds of L. campestre had a higher pectin and cellulose content than L. draba. This difference has a significant effect on water uptake and retention. The mucilage increased water uptake in both species, with L. campestre seeds absorbing significantly more water (836% compared to 75% in L. draba). Remarkably, the mucilage of both species had very little effect on seed germination. Significantly, the seeds of L. draba readily germinated under dry conditions, suggesting that this species may have developed different germination strategies. In addition, the seeds and fruits of L. draba showed a higher potential for dispersal via water and wind, whereas those of L. campestre adhered to animals. Further, L. campestre seeds showed significantly stronger adherence to sand particles (1872%) compared to those of L. draba (445%). This suggests that L. campestre seeds are more likely to disperse locally and possibly adhere to animals or soil particles. Our results suggest that mucilage produce by the two invasive weed species results in different methods of dispersal, which may help explain differences in their distribution patterns.

本研究的目的是比较粘液质在两种亲缘关系很近的入侵杂草--野营鹅掌楸（Lepidium campestre）和垂叶鹅掌楸（Lepidium draba）--的种子传播和萌发中的作用。研究按照标准方案调查了粘液的染色模式及其对种子萌发、吸水、脱水、附着在沙粒上以及通过风、水和动物散播的影响。L. campestre 的粘液种子果胶和纤维素含量高于 L. draba。这种差异对吸水和保水有很大影响。粘液增加了这两个物种的吸水率，其中 L. campestre 种子的吸水率明显更高（836%，而 L. draba 为 75%）。值得注意的是，两种植物的粘液对种子萌发的影响都很小。值得注意的是，L. draba 的种子在干燥条件下很容易萌发，这表明该物种可能已经形成了不同的萌发策略。此外，L. draba 的种子和果实通过水和风传播的可能性更大，而 L. campestre 的种子和果实则会粘附在动物身上。此外，L. campestre 种子对沙粒的附着力（1872%）明显强于 L. draba 种子（445%）。这表明，L. campestre 种子更有可能在当地扩散，并有可能粘附在动物或土壤颗粒上。我们的研究结果表明，这两种入侵杂草产生的粘液导致了不同的传播方式，这可能有助于解释它们分布模式的差异。

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引用次数: 0

The resilience of heathland ecosystems: A working hypothesis 荒地生态系统的复原力：工作假设

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104037

Christian Damgaard, Jesper Leth Bak, Morten Strandberg, Rikke Reisner Hansen

Ecosystem stability and resilience are vital characteristics for understanding key ecosystem dynamics, conservation management and restoration issues. However, for heathlands and other semi-natural ecosystems investigating stability and resilience demands a different approach from that of more stable ecosystems closer to a successional climax state, since we need to distinguish between 1) disturbances that are needed to maintain the ecosystem in a habitat-characteristic state, and 2) pressures that may perturb the ecosystem away from a characteristic state. Here, we suggest methods to measure and predict resilience in Atlantic dry heathland ecosystems. This will be achieved by outlining a working hypothesis of the most important factors that regulate the stability and resilience of semi-natural heathland ecosystems. At the center of the proposed hypothesis is the amount of nitrogen in the soil that is available for plant growth and how the nitrogen-cycling pathway is formed by dominant species of heathland ecosystems. Furthermore, we will discuss possible ways to quantify semi-natural ecosystem resilience and suggest a research program that would allow us to test the outlined working hypothesis in semi-natural ecosystems and provide quantitative information for making ecological predictions on heathland stability and resilience. This investigation has direct consequences for how heathland conservation may be planned in a way that protects both resilience, structure, function and the characteristic species of heathlands. It could also form an ecological basis for investigating anthropogenic practices and ways to protect its associated culture-historical values.

生态系统的稳定性和恢复力是了解关键生态系统动态、保护管理和恢复问题的重要特征。然而，对于荒漠地和其他半自然生态系统来说，调查稳定性和恢复力需要采用与接近演替高潮状态的更稳定生态系统不同的方法，因为我们需要区分：1）维持生态系统处于生境特征状态所需的干扰；2）可能干扰生态系统偏离特征状态的压力。在此，我们提出了测量和预测大西洋干旱荒漠生态系统恢复力的方法。为此，我们将就调节半自然荒漠生态系统稳定性和恢复力的最重要因素提出一个工作假设。假设的核心是土壤中植物生长所需的氮含量，以及荒漠生态系统的优势物种如何形成氮循环途径。此外，我们还将讨论量化半自然生态系统恢复力的可能方法，并提出一项研究计划，使我们能够在半自然生态系统中测试所概述的工作假设，并提供量化信息，以便对荒地的稳定性和恢复力进行生态预测。这项调查将直接影响到如何规划荒地保护，以保护荒地的恢复力、结构、功能和特有物种。它还可以为研究人类活动和保护其相关文化历史价值的方法奠定生态基础。

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引用次数: 0

Caves’ environmental stability shaping subterranean biodiversity in the neotropics 洞穴环境的稳定性塑造了新热带地区的地下生物多样性

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104036

Rafael Costa Cardoso, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Marconi Souza-Silva

Caves, once thought to be isolated ecosystems", are now understood to have intricate connections with surface environments, particularly evident at their entrances. These connections can significantly affect the microclimate within caves, leading to varying degrees of environmental stability. Our research explores the impact of microclimate conditions, specifically related to cave environmental stability, on biodiversity changes. We surveyed subterranean invertebrates during two different seasonal periods in 17 limestone caves in three karst regions in southeastern Brazil. Our analysis aimed to understand how environmental stability influences the overall richness of cave invertebrates and troglobitic species richness (restricted to subterranean habitats). We hypothesized that more stable caves would experience less fluctuation in relative species richness and lower turnover between seasons. Additionally, we anticipated that caves with greater environmental stability would harbor a higher richness of cave-restricted species in the function of their length. Our findings support these hypotheses, revealing a significant positive correlation between cave environmental stability and species richness. Caves with higher environmental stability demonstrated lower species turnover rates between seasons, indicating enhanced community stability. While environmental stability significantly affected species richness, its influence on cave-restricted species was comparatively less pronounced. This suggests a complex interplay of factors shaping the unique fauna of caves. Nonetheless, the implications of climate change underscore the importance of preserving the environmental stability of these ecosystems. Using environmental stability as a guide can help protect cave biodiversity from the adverse effects of climate change, contributing to broader conservation efforts for these unique habitats.

洞穴曾被认为是与世隔绝的生态系统"，但现在人们了解到，洞穴与地表环境有着错综复杂的联系，尤其是在洞穴入口处。这些联系会极大地影响洞穴内的小气候，从而导致不同程度的环境稳定性。我们的研究探讨了小气候条件对生物多样性变化的影响，特别是与洞穴环境稳定性相关的影响。我们在巴西东南部三个岩溶地区的 17 个石灰岩洞穴中，调查了两个不同季节的地下无脊椎动物。我们的分析旨在了解环境稳定性如何影响洞穴无脊椎动物的总体丰富度和蛙类物种丰富度（仅限于地下栖息地）。我们假设，越是稳定的洞穴，相对物种丰富度的波动越小，季节之间的更替率也越低。此外，我们还预计，环境稳定性越高的洞穴，在其长度的作用下，其洞穴限制物种的丰富度也会越高。我们的研究结果支持这些假设，揭示了洞穴环境稳定性与物种丰富度之间存在显著的正相关关系。环境稳定性较高的洞穴在不同季节之间的物种更替率较低，这表明洞穴群落的稳定性有所提高。虽然环境稳定性对物种丰富度有明显影响，但对洞穴限制物种的影响相对较小。这表明，形成洞穴独特动物群落的各种因素之间存在着复杂的相互作用。然而，气候变化的影响强调了保护这些生态系统环境稳定性的重要性。以环境稳定性为指导，有助于保护洞穴生物多样性免受气候变化的不利影响，为这些独特栖息地的更广泛保护工作做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperpredation as a mechanism responsible for the impact of introduced populations on native biodiversity 过度捕食是引入种群对本地生物多样性造成影响的机制之一

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104035

Marcelo H. Cassini, Luciano Rivas

Species that have been introduced into regions outside their native range can damage biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Hyperpredation is the process by which an introduced primary prey enables a generalist predator to increase dramatically in numbers leading to sustained abnormally high predation of secondary native prey. Testing the hyperpredation model is a challenging task because it has several assumptions but no exclusive predictions that are inconsistent with alternative hypotheses, for which data supporting several predictions are required to validate this hypothesis. We reviewed studies that postulate hyperpredation as a mechanism explaining the impact of introduced species. We used Scopus and Google Scholar databases for finding publications and Prisma protocol for selecting them. No one of the 44 selected publications provided enough information to demonstrate hyperpredation as the mechanism responsible for the impact of introduced prey populations on native biodiversity because (i) in all studies there were other ecological mechanisms that could explain the observed decline of native prey; (ii) no study have considered all the assumptions of the hyperpredation model, nor found positive results for all its predictions, and (iii) most studies used observational, descriptive method instead of field experiments that explicitly try to refute alternative hypotheses.

引入原生地以外地区的物种会破坏生物多样性和自然生态系统。过度捕食是指引入的主要猎物使通性捕食者的数量急剧增加，导致对次要本地猎物的捕食量持续异常增加的过程。检验超捕食模型是一项具有挑战性的任务，因为它有几个假设，但没有与其他假设不一致的独家预测，因此需要支持几个预测的数据来验证这一假设。我们回顾了将超捕食假定为解释引入物种影响机制的研究。我们使用 Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库查找出版物，并使用 Prisma 协议筛选出版物。在所选的 44 篇出版物中，没有一篇提供了足够的信息来证明超捕食是引入猎物种群对本地生物多样性造成影响的机制，因为（i）在所有研究中，还有其他生态机制可以解释所观察到的本地猎物的减少；（ii）没有一项研究考虑了超捕食模型的所有假设，也没有发现其所有预测的积极结果；（iii）大多数研究使用了观察和描述性方法，而不是明确尝试反驳其他假设的野外实验。

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引用次数: 0

Microtopography and vegetation generate uneven predation pressure on forest insects 微地形和植被对森林昆虫造成不均衡的捕食压力

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104031

Kohei Nakatsuji , Yuta Kobayashi , Tomohiro Yoshida

Predation plays an important role in the coexistence of multiple species within forest ecosystems. It is spatially heterogeneous and influenced by the surrounding environment at different spatial scales. Studies focusing on multiple environmental factors in systems with high spatial complexity are lacking, but elucidating the effects of local environmental factors within a forest could assist in understanding the effects of local differences in predation pressures on multispecies coexistence. Here, we examined the effects of microtopography and vegetation on predation pressure using the model caterpillar method. We hypothesized that differences in microtopography and vegetation types would result in different predation pressures on invertebrates within a forest. Insect attacks were dominant throughout the study period. The attack rates on the model caterpillars were also lower on hill tops and evergreen deciduous trees. Predation pressure within the forest was heterogeneous and independently influenced by topography and vegetation type. Our results suggest that environmental heterogeneity within forests may lead to highly variable predation pressures and affect multispecies coexistence. This study suggests that microtopography and vegetation types within forests should be considered for biological control.

捕食在森林生态系统中多物种共存的过程中扮演着重要角色。捕食在空间上是异质的，在不同的空间尺度上受到周围环境的影响。目前还缺乏对具有高度空间复杂性的系统中多种环境因素的研究，但阐明森林中局部环境因素的影响有助于理解捕食压力的局部差异对多物种共存的影响。在这里，我们利用毛虫模型法研究了微地形和植被对捕食压力的影响。我们假设，微地形和植被类型的差异会导致森林内无脊椎动物捕食压力的不同。在整个研究期间，昆虫的攻击占主导地位。在山顶和常绿落叶树上，模型毛虫的攻击率也较低。森林中的捕食压力是不均匀的，并受地形和植被类型的独立影响。我们的研究结果表明，森林内环境的异质性可能会导致捕食压力的高度变化，并影响多物种的共存。这项研究表明，生物防治应考虑森林内的微地形和植被类型。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between seagrass community structure and carbon stocks on the coasts of Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Indonesia 印度尼西亚卡里蒙查瓦海洋国家公园海岸海草群落结构与碳储量之间的关系

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104030

Amelia S.N. Kumala, Devi N. Choesin, Ichsan Suwandhi

The seagrass ecosystem is considered one of the most effective coastal ecosystems in storing carbon. Carbon stock estimation for a certain ecosystem is highly affected by factors such as species diversity and habitat type. This study aims to investigate the relationship between plant community structure and carbon stocks in the seagrass ecosystem using a case study of six coastal sites in Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Indonesia. In this region, eight seagrass species were recorded, i.e., Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Oceana serrulata. From the six study sites, the highest estimated carbon stock was 426.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ (Site 5; Telaga, dominated by E. acoroides). Meanwhile, the lowest estimated carbon stock was 127.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ (Site 4; Koin, dominated by T. hemprichii). The density of E. acoroides was positively correlated with the total seagrass biomass carbon stocks (r = 0.97; p < 0.01), while its dominance was positively correlated with sediment carbon stocks (r = 0.92; p < 0.05) and total seagrass ecosystem carbon stocks (r = 0.92; p < 0.05). Seagrass ecosystems with different community structures showed different carbon storage capacities. Seagrass ecosystems dominated by large-sized species such as E. acoroides showed higher estimated carbon stocks thus suggesting the importance of considering the variability of community structure in managing seagrass ecosystems for carbon sequestration and storage.

海草生态系统被认为是储存碳最有效的沿海生态系统之一。某一生态系统的碳储量估算受物种多样性和生境类型等因素的影响很大。本研究以印度尼西亚卡里蒙查瓦海洋国家公园（Karimunjawa Marine National Park）的六个沿海地点为案例，旨在研究海草生态系统中植物群落结构与碳储量之间的关系。该地区记录了 8 种海草，即 Enhalus acoroides、Thalassia hemprichii、Cymodocea rotundata、Halodule pinifolia、Halophila ovalis、Halophila minor、Syringodium isoetifolium 和 Oceana serrulata。在六个研究地点中，估计最高碳储量为 426.2 兆克碳公顷-1（地点 5；泰拉加，以 E. acoroides 为主）。同时，最低的碳储量估计值为 127.4 Mg C ha-1（地点 4；Koin，以 T. hemprichii 为主）。E. acoroides的密度与海草生物量总碳储量呈正相关（r = 0.97; p <0.01），而其优势度与沉积物碳储量（r = 0.92; p <0.05）和海草生态系统总碳储量（r = 0.92; p <0.05）呈正相关。不同群落结构的海草生态系统表现出不同的碳储存能力。以 E. acoroides 等大型物种为主的海草生态系统估计碳储量较高，这表明在管理海草生态系统以进行碳固存和储存时，考虑群落结构的变化非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal changes in altitudinal patterns of bird species richness in a temperate low-elevation mountain 温带低海拔山区鸟类物种丰富度海拔模式的季节性变化

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2024.104033

Daichi Iijima, Takeshi Osawa

Mountain environments change rapidly over short distances along altitudinal gradients, providing an ideal system for exploring the mechanisms that shape biodiversity gradients. Species richness is the most studied diversity metric in mountains, and altitudinal patterns and their shaping mechanisms have been investigated worldwide. Although the altitudinal patterns of species richness in breeding bird assemblages have been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to seasonal changes in patterns between winter and summer. Furthermore, the effects of severe climate in high-elevation areas on seasonal changes in the altitudinal pattern of species richness in insular mountains remain unclear. We investigated changes in the pattern between the breeding and wintering seasons using field and literature surveys in Mount Tsukuba (877 m a.s.l.), central Japan. Temperatures at the middle elevations of the slope are relatively higher than those at the foot of the mountain in winter. The mountain is covered with forests up to its summit. We found that the altitudinal pattern of species richness was the low-plateau during the wintering season. Low-elevation areas were havens for wintering species, whereas high-elevation areas were impoverished in wintering species. Conversely, there was no association between elevation and species richness during the breeding season. Our study suggests that the relaxation of severe climates in high-elevation areas during winter and verdant forests in the highlands during summer are critical mechanisms driving seasonal changes in the altitudinal pattern of species richness. Furthermore, we highlight that comprehensive monitoring, including wintering seasons, is essential for detecting the changes in the diversity patterns of mountain bird assemblages due to the shift in the peak of wintering species richness under ongoing climate change.

山区环境沿着海拔梯度在短距离内迅速变化，为探索生物多样性梯度的形成机制提供了一个理想的系统。物种丰富度是研究最多的山区多样性指标，世界各地都对其海拔模式及其形成机制进行了研究。尽管对繁殖鸟类群落物种丰富度的海拔模式进行了广泛研究，但对冬夏两季物种丰富度的季节性变化却关注较少。此外，高海拔地区的恶劣气候对岛屿山区物种丰富度海拔模式季节变化的影响仍不清楚。我们在日本中部的筑波山（海拔 877 米）通过实地和文献调查研究了繁殖季节和越冬季节之间的模式变化。冬季，山坡中部海拔高度的气温相对高于山脚下。山顶上覆盖着森林。我们发现，在越冬季节，物种丰富度的海拔模式是低高原。低海拔地区是越冬物种的天堂，而高海拔地区则是越冬物种的贫瘠之地。相反，在繁殖季节，海拔高度与物种丰富度之间没有关联。我们的研究表明，冬季高海拔地区气候恶劣，夏季高原地区森林葱郁，这是物种丰富度海拔模式季节性变化的关键驱动机制。此外，我们还强调，包括越冬季节在内的全面监测对于检测气候变化导致越冬物种丰富度峰值变化引起的山地鸟类群落多样性模式变化至关重要。

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