Australian Endodontic Journal最新文献

This in vitro experiment evaluated cell cycle, viability and osteogenic differentiation of human apical papilla-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAP-MSCs) by intracanal medicaments used in regenerative endodontic treatment. Apical papilla tissues of immature extracted tooth roots were digested, trypsinized and resuspended as a single cell suspension stained with CD146, CD73 and CD90 antibodies. Results revealed that apical papilla tissue harbours hAP-MSCs, and they can be cultured and characterised. Low-concentration intracanal medicaments (0.025 mg/mL) were less cytotoxic compared to higher concentrations (0.1 mg/mL and above). Calcium hydroxide was better in terms of viability as well as osteogenic differentiation (at 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL concentration) than triple antibiotic paste (TAP), modified TAP, and DAP (double antibiotic paste) at 24, 48, and 72 h. Thus, calcium hydroxide was less cytotoxic compared to the different antibiotic paste combinations.

This study evaluated four file systems (WaveOne Gold, Reciproc Blue, ProTaper Next and TruNatomy) for their shaping efficacy in oval-shaped maxillary premolar root canals using micro-CT. Twenty-four extracted premolars, each with two roots, were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 teeth/group) and instrumented following manufacturer guidelines. Pre- and post-instrumentation micro-CT scans were performed. Key parameters analysed included unprepared canal surface area (% Un-PrepCA), changes in canal area and volume (ΔCA, ΔCV and their percentages), canal transportation and centring ability. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. While no significant differences were found in transportation, centring ability or most 3D parameters (ΔCA, ΔCV and ΔSMI), the TRN group exhibited a significantly higher % Un-PrepCA. Conversely, the WOG group achieved a significantly greater % ΔCA compared to TRN and PTN. All systems performed comparably without procedural errors; TRN resulted in the least canal wall contact, while WOG provided the largest prepared canal area.

This study aimed to investigate how varying levels of dentine moisture affect the push-out bond strength of a bioceramic root canal sealer. Forty-eight root canals were randomly divided into four groups according to drying protocol. Moist group: canals were dried until the last paper point appeared dry, Dry group: 95% ethanol was applied for 10 s, Half-dry group: canals were dried with a single paper point for 5 s, Wet group: canals were left completely flooded. All root canals were obturated with iRoot SP. Root slices were prepared from each sample for push-out testing. The data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons at a significance level of p < 0.05. The dry group had significantly higher bond strength compared to the wet and half-dry groups (p < 0.05), although no statistically significant difference was observed between the moist and dry groups (p > 0.05).

Etidronic acid (HEBP) causes fewer alterations in dentine and can be used mixed with sodium hypochlorite during root canal preparation. This study investigated the cytotoxicity effects of the HEDP and EDTA on human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells. Primary culture was established from human periodontal ligament tissue of one donor and was characterised by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was tested: 9% HEBP, 18% HEBP, 24% HEBP, 15% EDTA, 17% EDTA, 24% EDTA, and control. Exposure times were 1, 4, and 24 h. The Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc, assessed multiple comparisons between the groups (α = 0.05). All experimental groups showed a lower IC₅₀ effect after 24 h, except 9% HEBP. EDTA cytotoxicity depends on the contact time, regardless of the concentration. In conclusion, 9% HEBP is a biocompatible alternative to EDTA as an endodontic chelator, particularly for protocols requiring longer exposure times.

This study aimed to compare the physicochemical properties of EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) Fast and CeraPutty with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, focusing on setting time, radiopacity, microhardness, and pH. Setting time was measured using a Gilmore-type indenter applied every 5 min until no indentation was observed (n = 15 per group). Radiopacity was assessed via aluminium step wedge, microhardness using Vickers hardness, and pH changes with a digital pH meter. Nonparametric statistical analyses were conducted with a significance level of 95%. Biodentine exhibited the shortest setting time and highest microhardness, while ERRM Fast showed the highest radiopacity. High alkaline pH values were measured for all materials. Within the limitations of this study, the new pre-mixed calcium silicate materials exhibited physicochemical properties comparable to traditionally mixed materials, indicating their potential suitability for endodontic treatments. However, careful selection based on clinical requirements, including handling, setting time, and mechanical properties, is essential.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars (MPs) and the presence of distolingual roots (DLRs) in mandibular first molars (MFMs) in a Turkish population. Anatomical symmetry and the complexity of MPs' canal configurations were also analysed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images from 3000 individuals were examined, comprising 18 000 mandibular teeth (4 MPs and 2 MFMs per subject). Root canal types were classified according to Vertucci's system and evaluated based on sex, symmetry and the presence of DLRs. DLRs were detected in 41.23% of individuals and were significantly more frequent in females (p < 0.001). Complex canal configurations were found in 64.83% of MPs. A significant association was observed between DLR presence and increased canal complexity in MPs (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the presence of DLRs is highly related to morphological variation in the premolar region.

This in vitro study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of novel herbal intracanal medicaments, specifically Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and Psidium guajava (PG) extracts, incorporated into Pluronic F127 drug delivery scaffolds, against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Biofilms were established on standardised dentine specimens and treated with herbal-loaded hydrogels, calcium hydroxide (CH), modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) or saline (control). Antibacterial activity was assessed via colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results revealed significant antibacterial effects in all medicated groups compared to control, with mTAP exhibiting the highest efficacy, followed by CH and PG. PG's performance was comparable to CH and superior to GL. The study supports the potential of PG and GL herbal-loaded scaffolds as alternative intracanal medicaments pending further in vivo research.

Pulse oximetry offers a more objective approach than traditional pulp sensibility tests, which can produce unreliable results-particularly in inflamed or traumatised teeth. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of English-language analytical cross-sectional studies (2012-2024) assessing pulp oxygen saturation (%SpO₂) via pulse oximetry in mature permanent teeth with symptomatic pulpitis. Three reviewers independently screened and extracted data, and study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Meta-analysis compared %SpO₂ levels between healthy pulp, reversible pulpitis (RP) and irreversible pulpitis (IP). All three included studies reported significantly lower %SpO₂ in inflamed pulp versus healthy controls: RP showed a mean difference (MD) of -7.37% (95% CI: -8.12 to -6.61), IP -11.29% (-11.99 to -10.58) and reversible versus IP differed by 3.92% (3.35-4.48; p < 0.00001). These findings suggest that pulse oximetry may enhance pulp vitality assessment when used alongside conventional methods. Trial Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42024572895).

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the GentleWave system (GWS), laser-activated irrigation (LAI), ultrasonic-activated irrigation (UAI) and sonic irrigation (SI) in removing a three-species biofilm from infected root canals prepared using minimally invasive techniques (MIT) and conventional instrumentation techniques (CIT). One hundred and ten single-canalled mandibular premolars were infected with the biofilm and assigned to five groups based on the supplementary irrigation method used. Biofilm removal was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the CIT group, GWS resulted in a significantly higher proportion of dead cells compared to UAI and SI (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between GWS and LAI. In the MIT group, no significant differences were observed among the irrigation methods (p > 0.05). Although none of the approaches completely eliminated the biofilm, GWS and LAI were more effective than UAI and SI.