Australian Endodontic Journal最新文献

This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of newly synthesised cement (Nanodentin) in comparison with Biodentine and CEM cement. The cements were implanted in rat skin and tissue reactions were assessed after 7, 30 and 60 days. H&E staining was used to measure the inflammatory response, the number of inflammatory cells and the presence of necrosis. The agar punch method was used for the antibacterial assay. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in terms of inflammation between Biodentine, CEM cement and Nanodentin with negative control. All cements induced a mild to moderate inflammatory reaction at day 7, which decreased over time. Nanodentin had the lowest number of inflammatory cells and necrosis among the tested materials. Nanodentin was biocompatible and well tolerated by subcutaneous tissues and had similar or better properties than the commercially available cements. It also exhibited good antibacterial activity compared to controls.

This study aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the progression of periapical lesions by evaluating NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression in wild-type (WT) and TLR2 knockout (KO) mice. A total of 55 mice (28 WT, 27 TLR2-KO) underwent pulpal exposure of mandibular first molars and were euthanised at 7, 21, or 42 days post-exposure. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. TLR2-KO mice showed significantly larger periapical lesions and higher IL-1β expression than WT mice after 21 and 42 days, respectively. In contrast, NLRP3 expression was significantly greater in WT mice at both time points. A weak but significant positive correlation between NLRP3 and IL-1β expression was observed only in WT mice. These findings suggest that TLR2 plays a protective role in limiting periapical bone resorption and modulating inflammatory cytokine expression, independent of NLRP3 inflammasome activity.

The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain levels in patients with necrotic teeth after non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) using or not using a dental operating microscope (DOM). One hundred patients with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 50): Group 1 (DOM) and Group 2 (no DOM). Postoperative pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days. The pain intensity was determined by calculating the mean pain score at each interval and was statistically analysed. The results showed no significant difference in pain intensity between the two groups. However, gender and tooth type affected pain levels at 6 h, 12 h, and 1 day. In conclusion, using a DOM during NSRCT did not significantly reduce postoperative pain.

This study aims to compare the accuracy of modern AI chatbots, including Gemini 1.5 Flash, Gemini 1.5 Pro, ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4, in responding to endodontic questions and supporting clinicians. Forty yes/no questions covering 12 endodontic topics were formulated by three experts. Each question was presented to the AI models on the same day, with a new chat session initiated for each. The agreement between chatbot responses and expert consensus was assessed using Cohen's kappa test (p < 0.05). ChatGPT-3.5 demonstrated the highest accuracy (80%), followed by ChatGPT-4 (77.5%), Gemini 1.5 Pro (72.5%) and Gemini 1.5 Flash (60%). The agreement levels ranged from weak (ChatGPT models) to minimal (Gemini Flash). The findings indicate variability in chatbot performance, with ChatGPT models outperforming Gemini. However, reliance on AI-generated responses for clinical decision-making remains questionable. Future studies should incorporate more complex clinical scenarios and broader analytical approaches to enhance the assessment of AI chatbots in endodontics.

This study evaluated the retreatability of two bioceramic-based sealers in oval-shaped canals and the effectiveness of supplementary cleaning techniques for removing sealer remnants. Mandibular premolars were obturated with either NeoSEALER Flo or AH Plus Bioceramic. After obturation, specimens were retreated followed by supplementary cleaning with XP-Endo Finisher R, EasyClean, or passive ultrasonic irrigation. Sealer remnants were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. AH Plus Bioceramic showed a significantly lower residual sealer percentage than NeoSEALER Flo in the coronal and middle thirds. XP-Endo Finisher R was more effective for NeoSEALER Flo in the apical third, while passive ultrasonic irrigation was superior for AH Plus Bioceramic in the coronal and middle thirds. Scanning electron microscopy revealed sealer remnants in all groups, with partial obstruction of dentinal tubules. Bioceramic sealers exhibit different retreatability, and supplementary cleaning protocols improved sealer removal, but none achieved complete canal wall cleanliness.

Cell homing and stem cell transplantation offers promising approaches for pulp regeneration. This study investigated the efficacy of an injectable concentrated growth factor gel for dental pulp regeneration in beagles. Six groups of beagle teeth were studied: Blank control group, CGF group, Collagen sponge group, CGF + Collagen sponge group, Dental pulp stem cells group, CGF + Dental pulp stem cells group. Specimens were examined by CBCT and histological analysis. No obvious change was identified in the periapical condition. Fewest inflammatory cells were found in the CGF + CS group. Odontoblast-like cells and dentin-like tissue were identified in the root canals of experimental groups, and the thickness of dentin-like tissue was positively correlated with the number of odontoblast-like cells. CD31-positive cells appeared in root canals containing pulp-like tissue. Injectable concentrated growth factor (CGF) can induce in situ pulp-dentin complex regeneration either on its own or in combination with collagen sponge and dental pulp stem cells.