Australian Endodontic Journal最新文献

Etidronic acid (HEBP) causes fewer alterations in dentine and can be used mixed with sodium hypochlorite during root canal preparation. This study investigated the cytotoxicity effects of the HEDP and EDTA on human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells. Primary culture was established from human periodontal ligament tissue of one donor and was characterised by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was tested: 9% HEBP, 18% HEBP, 24% HEBP, 15% EDTA, 17% EDTA, 24% EDTA, and control. Exposure times were 1, 4, and 24 h. The Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc, assessed multiple comparisons between the groups (α = 0.05). All experimental groups showed a lower IC₅₀ effect after 24 h, except 9% HEBP. EDTA cytotoxicity depends on the contact time, regardless of the concentration. In conclusion, 9% HEBP is a biocompatible alternative to EDTA as an endodontic chelator, particularly for protocols requiring longer exposure times.

This study aimed to compare the physicochemical properties of EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) Fast and CeraPutty with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, focusing on setting time, radiopacity, microhardness, and pH. Setting time was measured using a Gilmore-type indenter applied every 5 min until no indentation was observed (n = 15 per group). Radiopacity was assessed via aluminium step wedge, microhardness using Vickers hardness, and pH changes with a digital pH meter. Nonparametric statistical analyses were conducted with a significance level of 95%. Biodentine exhibited the shortest setting time and highest microhardness, while ERRM Fast showed the highest radiopacity. High alkaline pH values were measured for all materials. Within the limitations of this study, the new pre-mixed calcium silicate materials exhibited physicochemical properties comparable to traditionally mixed materials, indicating their potential suitability for endodontic treatments. However, careful selection based on clinical requirements, including handling, setting time, and mechanical properties, is essential.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars (MPs) and the presence of distolingual roots (DLRs) in mandibular first molars (MFMs) in a Turkish population. Anatomical symmetry and the complexity of MPs' canal configurations were also analysed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images from 3000 individuals were examined, comprising 18 000 mandibular teeth (4 MPs and 2 MFMs per subject). Root canal types were classified according to Vertucci's system and evaluated based on sex, symmetry and the presence of DLRs. DLRs were detected in 41.23% of individuals and were significantly more frequent in females (p < 0.001). Complex canal configurations were found in 64.83% of MPs. A significant association was observed between DLR presence and increased canal complexity in MPs (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the presence of DLRs is highly related to morphological variation in the premolar region.

This in vitro study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of novel herbal intracanal medicaments, specifically Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and Psidium guajava (PG) extracts, incorporated into Pluronic F127 drug delivery scaffolds, against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Biofilms were established on standardised dentine specimens and treated with herbal-loaded hydrogels, calcium hydroxide (CH), modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) or saline (control). Antibacterial activity was assessed via colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results revealed significant antibacterial effects in all medicated groups compared to control, with mTAP exhibiting the highest efficacy, followed by CH and PG. PG's performance was comparable to CH and superior to GL. The study supports the potential of PG and GL herbal-loaded scaffolds as alternative intracanal medicaments pending further in vivo research.

Pulse oximetry offers a more objective approach than traditional pulp sensibility tests, which can produce unreliable results-particularly in inflamed or traumatised teeth. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of English-language analytical cross-sectional studies (2012-2024) assessing pulp oxygen saturation (%SpO₂) via pulse oximetry in mature permanent teeth with symptomatic pulpitis. Three reviewers independently screened and extracted data, and study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Meta-analysis compared %SpO₂ levels between healthy pulp, reversible pulpitis (RP) and irreversible pulpitis (IP). All three included studies reported significantly lower %SpO₂ in inflamed pulp versus healthy controls: RP showed a mean difference (MD) of -7.37% (95% CI: -8.12 to -6.61), IP -11.29% (-11.99 to -10.58) and reversible versus IP differed by 3.92% (3.35-4.48; p < 0.00001). These findings suggest that pulse oximetry may enhance pulp vitality assessment when used alongside conventional methods. Trial Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42024572895).

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the GentleWave system (GWS), laser-activated irrigation (LAI), ultrasonic-activated irrigation (UAI) and sonic irrigation (SI) in removing a three-species biofilm from infected root canals prepared using minimally invasive techniques (MIT) and conventional instrumentation techniques (CIT). One hundred and ten single-canalled mandibular premolars were infected with the biofilm and assigned to five groups based on the supplementary irrigation method used. Biofilm removal was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the CIT group, GWS resulted in a significantly higher proportion of dead cells compared to UAI and SI (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between GWS and LAI. In the MIT group, no significant differences were observed among the irrigation methods (p > 0.05). Although none of the approaches completely eliminated the biofilm, GWS and LAI were more effective than UAI and SI.

This study examined the histological response of human dental pulp to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as a pulp-capping agent, with or without Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). Thirty-two premolars from 16 patients were treated in a split-mouth design: one side received MTA alone, the other MTA with diode laser-assisted haemostasis and decontamination. After 6 weeks, the teeth were extracted for histological analysis. Results showed that the group with LLLT had a higher incidence of complete dentine bridges (87.5% vs. 68.8%) and thicker bridges (> 0.25 mm: 81.3% vs. 68.8%), though differences were not statistically significant. Inflammation was significantly lower in the LLLT group, with all samples showing moderate inflammation compared to 68.8% in controls, and some severe inflammation cases. Tissue organisation was similar between groups. The study suggests that adding LLLT to MTA reduces pulpal inflammation and promotes more uniform, thicker dentine bridges, indicating improved pulp healing.

This study investigated the biological response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to zinc polycarboxylate (ZP) cement modified with 5% or 10% potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and assessed its mechanical properties. Discs of unmodified ZP, ZP + 5% KNO₃, ZP + 10% KNO₃, or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) were indirectly exposed to PBMCs using a transwell system. Cells were incubated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Cytotoxicity (LDH release), viability, IL-6 and TGF-β secretion were evaluated. Material pH, ion release, compressive strength and microhardness were also assessed. ZP + 5% KNO₃ significantly reduced LDH and IL-6 levels and increased TGF-β release compared to ZP alone. Mechanical strength was maintained in ZP + 5% KNO₃ but decreased at 10% KNO₃. MTA showed lower strength but higher cell viability. ZP + 5% KNO₃ demonstrated a balanced profile of immunomodulation, regenerative signalling and mechanical integrity, supporting its potential use in vital pulp therapy. Further in vivo investigations are recommended.