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Pharmacological management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 多囊卵巢综合征的药物治疗。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.030
Carolyn Ee, Chau Thien Tay

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common and frequently undiagnosed female endocrine disorder that is associated with diverse symptoms and features, and an increased risk of long-term chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapy for polycystic ovary syndrome should be directed at the key concerns of the individual patient. The combined oral contraceptive pill or metformin may be prescribed for irregular periods. The combined oral contraceptive pill is preferred over antiandrogens for treatment of hirsutism and acne. Metformin is of benefit for reducing excess body weight and improving hormonal and metabolic outcomes in those with high metabolic risk (e.g. body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2). Inositol appears to have limited benefits for metabolic outcomes, although it is associated with fewer adverse effects than metformin. Modification of lifestyle factors is important as part of a holistic approach to managing polycystic ovary syndrome. Anti-obesity drugs may be considered for weight management in addition to lifestyle interventions.

多囊卵巢综合征是一种常见的女性内分泌失调症，也是一种经常未确诊的疾病，具有多种症状和特征，并增加了罹患 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病等长期慢性疾病的风险。多囊卵巢综合征的药物治疗应针对患者的主要关切。月经不调患者可服用复方口服避孕药或二甲双胍。在治疗多毛症和痤疮时，复方口服避孕药优于抗雄激素。二甲双胍可减轻高代谢风险人群（如体重指数大于 25 kg/m2）的过重体重，改善荷尔蒙和新陈代谢状况。肌醇对代谢结果的益处似乎有限，但其不良反应比二甲双胍少。作为多囊卵巢综合征综合治疗方法的一部分，改变生活方式非常重要。除生活方式干预外，还可考虑使用抗肥胖药物来控制体重。
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引用次数: 0
Utility of common investigations for suspected inflammatory arthritis in adults. 成人疑似炎症性关节炎常见检查的实用性。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.035
Nicola Cook, Rachelle Buchbinder

Inflammatory arthritis may be the principal feature or one component of an inflammatory rheumatological disease. It is a clinical diagnosis, principally made based on the patient's history and examination. Specific investigations, such as rheumatoid factor and human leucocyte antigen B27 gene, may support the diagnosis in the context of a suggestive clinical presentation, but a diagnosis cannot be made based on these tests alone because positive results may also be seen in healthy individuals. To reduce the likelihood of false positive results, laboratory and radiological investigations should be tailored to the suspected diagnosis based on pretest probability. While musculoskeletal symptoms are a common presentation in general practice, specific features that increase suspicion of an inflammatory arthritis include prolonged morning stiffness (more than 1 hour) that is improved by exercise or movement. A broad 'rheumatological panel' increases the likelihood of false positive results and should be avoided to prevent unnecessary further investigations and treatment, and unwarranted anxiety in both the patient and the doctor.

炎症性关节炎可能是炎症性风湿病的主要特征或组成部分之一。这是一种临床诊断，主要根据患者的病史和检查结果做出。特定的检查，如类风湿因子和人类白细胞抗原 B27 基因，可在临床表现有提示的情况下支持诊断，但不能仅凭这些检查就做出诊断，因为在健康人身上也可能出现阳性结果。为了降低假阳性结果的可能性，实验室和放射学检查应根据检测前的可能性来确定疑似诊断。肌肉骨骼症状是全科诊疗中的常见表现，而增加对炎症性关节炎怀疑的具体特征包括长期晨僵（1 小时以上），且运动或活动后症状有所改善。广泛的 "风湿病学检查 "会增加出现假阳性结果的可能性，因此应尽量避免，以防止不必要的进一步检查和治疗，并避免患者和医生产生不必要的焦虑。
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引用次数: 0
Difelikefalin for pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease. 治疗与慢性肾病有关的瘙痒症的地夫立克萘林
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.032
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引用次数: 0
Rimegepant for migraine. 治疗偏头痛的 Rimegepant。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.029
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引用次数: 0
Sum of the parts: a cascade of adverse effects. 各部分的总和：一连串的负面影响。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.031
Jane Poon, Fiona Coombes, Ian Coombes
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引用次数: 0
Achieving safe medication management during transitions of care from hospital: time for a stewardship approach. 在医院护理过渡期间实现安全用药管理：是时候采用管理方法了。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.034
Rohan A Elliott, Manya Angley, Deirdre T Criddle, Fatemeh Emadi, Shania Liu, Jonathan Penm
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引用次数: 0
Management of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in primary care. 初级保健中对职业性接触血液和体液的管理。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.037
Anna Pierce

Primary care workplaces where occupational exposure to blood and body fluids may occur should have policies and procedures in place to manage such incidents. All healthcare workers should be immunised against hepatitis B and ideally should have documentation of their antibody response to vaccination. Knowledge of hepatitis B immune status helps streamline the response to any exposure. Most occupational exposures carry a low risk of transmission of bloodborne viruses, and management can often be undertaken in general practice. Urgent risk assessment and management is crucial. If postexposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B or HIV is required, the earlier it is given, the more likely it is to be effective. Two-drug HIV postexposure prophylaxis is now more accessible because generic formulations of the drug combination are available, and general practitioners can prescribe this on a private prescription.

可能发生血液和体液职业暴露的初级医疗工作场所应制定相关政策和程序，以管理此类事件。所有医护人员都应接种乙型肝炎疫苗，最好能提供接种后的抗体反应文件。了解乙型肝炎的免疫状况有助于简化对任何暴露的应对措施。大多数职业性接触传播血源性病毒的风险较低，通常可以在全科诊所进行管理。紧急风险评估和管理至关重要。如果需要对乙型肝炎或艾滋病病毒进行暴露后预防，越早进行越可能有效。现在更容易获得两种药物的艾滋病暴露后预防，因为可以获得非专利配方的药物组合，而且全科医生可以根据私人处方开具处方。
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引用次数: 0
QUM revisited. 重温 QUM。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.036
John Dowden
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引用次数: 0
Additional preconception considerations for patients with diabetes. 糖尿病患者孕前的其他注意事项。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.022
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引用次数: 0
Medicines Repurposing Program - supporting new uses for existing medicines. 药品再利用计划--支持现有药品的新用途。
IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Australian Prescriber
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2024.025
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引用次数: 0
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