Josephine M Südbeck, Silke Jacker-Guhr, Anne-Katrin Lührs
Purpose: The pretreatment of glass-ceramic before adhesive cementation can be performed with hydrofluoric acid (HF)/silanization (S) or with an ammonium polyfluoride-containing primer (APF). It can be modified by application of a silane-containing universal adhesive (UA) and/or additional silanization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of composite cements to two different glass ceramics after different pretreatments and aging.
Materials and methods: Disks of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic or lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic were pretreated with HF+S, HF+UA, HF+S+UA, APF, or APF+S, bonded in pairs with composite cement and sectioned into microsticks (n = 96/group). The microtensile bond strength was determined either after 24 h (n = 48) or after aging for 6 months in water (n = 48). Fracture patterns were analyzed at 50X magnification. Statistical evaluation was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni's correction, and the chi-squared test (p < 0.05).
Results: Pretreatment with HF+UA or APF led to significantly lower bond strength compared to HF+S. Additional silanization after application of UA or APF resulted in a significant increase in bond strength. After aging, HF+UA groups showed significantly lower bond strengths, independent of additive silanization. Aging did not affect APF-pretreated leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic; for lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic, the bond strength dropped significantly. Additional silanization improved aging resistance for the respective groups.
Conclusion: Bond strength and its long-term stability depend on the ceramic used and on the pretreatment. An ammonium polyfluoride-containing primer seems to be a promising option compared to conventional pretreatment with hydrofluoric acid. Additive silanization improves the long-term stability of the microtensile bond strength.
{"title":"Do Different Pretreatment Methods Influence the Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite Cements to Silicate Ceramic?","authors":"Josephine M Südbeck, Silke Jacker-Guhr, Anne-Katrin Lührs","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1650153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1650153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The pretreatment of glass-ceramic before adhesive cementation can be performed with hydrofluoric acid (HF)/silanization (S) or with an ammonium polyfluoride-containing primer (APF). It can be modified by application of a silane-containing universal adhesive (UA) and/or additional silanization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of composite cements to two different glass ceramics after different pretreatments and aging.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Disks of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic or lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic were pretreated with HF+S, HF+UA, HF+S+UA, APF, or APF+S, bonded in pairs with composite cement and sectioned into microsticks (n = 96/group). The microtensile bond strength was determined either after 24 h (n = 48) or after aging for 6 months in water (n = 48). Fracture patterns were analyzed at 50X magnification. Statistical evaluation was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni's correction, and the chi-squared test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pretreatment with HF+UA or APF led to significantly lower bond strength compared to HF+S. Additional silanization after application of UA or APF resulted in a significant increase in bond strength. After aging, HF+UA groups showed significantly lower bond strengths, independent of additive silanization. Aging did not affect APF-pretreated leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic; for lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic, the bond strength dropped significantly. Additional silanization improved aging resistance for the respective groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bond strength and its long-term stability depend on the ceramic used and on the pretreatment. An ammonium polyfluoride-containing primer seems to be a promising option compared to conventional pretreatment with hydrofluoric acid. Additive silanization improves the long-term stability of the microtensile bond strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39190493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco De Angelis, Camillo D'Arcangelo, Mirco Vadini
Purpose: Thanks to adhesive techniques and strengthened glass ceramics, ultrathin bonded occlusal veneers have been recently introduced. However, since a universally accepted thickness limit for ultrathin ceramics has yet to be established, their resistance to fracture needs to be better investigated. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of dentin bonding on the flexural properties (ie, fracture load and flexural strength) of a lithium-disilicate (LD) glass ceramic when used in thicknesses equal to or less than the manufacturer's recommendations for occlusal restorations.
Materials and methods: A total of 96 dentin slices (2.0 mm thick and 15 mm long) were obtained by sectioning bovine teeth along their long axes. LD slices of different thicknesses (1.5 mm/1.3 mm/1.0 mm/0.8 mm/0.6 mm) and 15 mm in length were cut from CAD/CAM LD blocks (IPS e.max CAD-C16). In each of 5 experimental groups, 16 dentin slices were adhesively luted to 16 LD slices (n = 16) of the same thickness, in order to create 16 bi-layered dentin-LD bonded assemblies. In the control group, the 16 remaining dentin slices were conventionally cemented to 1.5-mm-thick LD slices (n = 16) using a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (FujiCEM 2). All dentin-LD assemblies were cut perpendicularly to their joint interface, in order to obtain 1-mm-wide, 15-mm-long bi-layered prismatic beams, having the following final thicknesses: for the 5 experimental groups, 2 mm (dentin layer) + 1.5 mm/ 1.3 mm/1.0 mm/0.8 mm/0.6 mm (LD layer); for the control group, 2 mm (dentin layer) + 1.5 mm (LD layer). All prismatic beams were subjected to a three-point bending test (14-mm span, load applied on the LD side). Fracture loads (N) and flexural strengths (MPa) were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA on ranks tests (α = 0.05). The correlations between the recorded flexural strengths and the dentin:LD thickness ratio and between the flexural strength and the luting strategy were also investigated. The failure modes were observed and classified.
Results: No statistically significant differences were recorded between the conventionally luted control group (LD thickness 1.5 mm; fracture load 35.26 N; flexural strength 60.44 MPa) and the thinnest adhesively luted experimental group (LD thickness 0.6 mm; fracture load 28.97 N; flexural strength 90.01 MPa) in terms of fracture load and flexural strength. A fracture involving both the dentin and the LD of the bi-layered prismatic beam, but without any debonding between the LD and the dentin substrates of the broken specimen, was the most common failure mode observed on the adhesively luted samples.
Conclusion: Compared to conventional cementation, when LD is bonded to dentin, the flexural properties of the whole system are improved, and the two different substrates seem to behave like a single unit. Once adhesively luted, 0.6-mm-thick L
{"title":"The Effect of Dentin Bonding and Material Thickness on the Flexural Properties of a Lithium-Disilicate Glass-Ceramic.","authors":"Francesco De Angelis, Camillo D'Arcangelo, Mirco Vadini","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1650013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1650013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Thanks to adhesive techniques and strengthened glass ceramics, ultrathin bonded occlusal veneers have been recently introduced. However, since a universally accepted thickness limit for ultrathin ceramics has yet to be established, their resistance to fracture needs to be better investigated. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of dentin bonding on the flexural properties (ie, fracture load and flexural strength) of a lithium-disilicate (LD) glass ceramic when used in thicknesses equal to or less than the manufacturer's recommendations for occlusal restorations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 96 dentin slices (2.0 mm thick and 15 mm long) were obtained by sectioning bovine teeth along their long axes. LD slices of different thicknesses (1.5 mm/1.3 mm/1.0 mm/0.8 mm/0.6 mm) and 15 mm in length were cut from CAD/CAM LD blocks (IPS e.max CAD-C16). In each of 5 experimental groups, 16 dentin slices were adhesively luted to 16 LD slices (n = 16) of the same thickness, in order to create 16 bi-layered dentin-LD bonded assemblies. In the control group, the 16 remaining dentin slices were conventionally cemented to 1.5-mm-thick LD slices (n = 16) using a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (FujiCEM 2). All dentin-LD assemblies were cut perpendicularly to their joint interface, in order to obtain 1-mm-wide, 15-mm-long bi-layered prismatic beams, having the following final thicknesses: for the 5 experimental groups, 2 mm (dentin layer) + 1.5 mm/ 1.3 mm/1.0 mm/0.8 mm/0.6 mm (LD layer); for the control group, 2 mm (dentin layer) + 1.5 mm (LD layer). All prismatic beams were subjected to a three-point bending test (14-mm span, load applied on the LD side). Fracture loads (N) and flexural strengths (MPa) were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA on ranks tests (α = 0.05). The correlations between the recorded flexural strengths and the dentin:LD thickness ratio and between the flexural strength and the luting strategy were also investigated. The failure modes were observed and classified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were recorded between the conventionally luted control group (LD thickness 1.5 mm; fracture load 35.26 N; flexural strength 60.44 MPa) and the thinnest adhesively luted experimental group (LD thickness 0.6 mm; fracture load 28.97 N; flexural strength 90.01 MPa) in terms of fracture load and flexural strength. A fracture involving both the dentin and the LD of the bi-layered prismatic beam, but without any debonding between the LD and the dentin substrates of the broken specimen, was the most common failure mode observed on the adhesively luted samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to conventional cementation, when LD is bonded to dentin, the flexural properties of the whole system are improved, and the two different substrates seem to behave like a single unit. Once adhesively luted, 0.6-mm-thick L","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39190490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir H Nejat, Xiaoming Xu, Edwin Kee, Nathaniel C Lawson
Purpose: To compare the effect of different methods of cleaning residual composite cement from the surface of lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic on its bond strength.
Materials and methods: Blocks of lithium-silicate glass-ceramic (e.max CAD) were coated with composite cement. Blocks in a positive control (CO+) group received no cement; negative controls (CO-) received composite cement. After water storage (24 h), specimens were cleaned as follows (n = 20/group): BUR: grinding with a fine-grit diamond bur (20 s); ALUM: air abrasion with 50-µm alumina (10 s); GLASS: air abrasion with 50-µm glass beads (10 s); FURN: firing in ceramic furnace and cleaning with ethanol; SULF: immersion in sulfonic acid solution (1 h); HYFL: no additional treatment. All specimens were etched with hydrofluoric acid, aside from the CO- group, and treated with silane. A 1.5-mm diameter cement-filled tube was affixed to the specimens and light polymerized. Specimens were stored in 37°C water for 24 h (n = 10) or 90 days (n = 10). Shear bond strength was tested. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were performed. Specimens from each group were examined with SEM.
Results: Bond strength significantly differed according to surface cleaning method (p < 0.01) and storage time (p < 0.01), but their interaction was not significant (p = 0.264). Longer storage time decreased the bond strength. BUR, ALUM, GLASS, and FURN did not differ statistically significantly from CO+, but were significantly greater than CO-. SULF and HYFL did not differ statistically significantly from CO- and were significantly lower than CO+.
Conclusions: Cleaning composite cement with BUR, ALUM, GLASS, and FURN restored bond strengths to that of the positive control. However, only GLASS and FURN did not roughen the surface of the underlying lithium-silicate glass-ceramic.
{"title":"Methods to Clean Residual Resin Cement from Lithium-Disilicate Glass-Ceramic.","authors":"Amir H Nejat, Xiaoming Xu, Edwin Kee, Nathaniel C Lawson","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1367933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1367933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the effect of different methods of cleaning residual composite cement from the surface of lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic on its bond strength.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blocks of lithium-silicate glass-ceramic (e.max CAD) were coated with composite cement. Blocks in a positive control (CO+) group received no cement; negative controls (CO-) received composite cement. After water storage (24 h), specimens were cleaned as follows (n = 20/group): BUR: grinding with a fine-grit diamond bur (20 s); ALUM: air abrasion with 50-µm alumina (10 s); GLASS: air abrasion with 50-µm glass beads (10 s); FURN: firing in ceramic furnace and cleaning with ethanol; SULF: immersion in sulfonic acid solution (1 h); HYFL: no additional treatment. All specimens were etched with hydrofluoric acid, aside from the CO- group, and treated with silane. A 1.5-mm diameter cement-filled tube was affixed to the specimens and light polymerized. Specimens were stored in 37°C water for 24 h (n = 10) or 90 days (n = 10). Shear bond strength was tested. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were performed. Specimens from each group were examined with SEM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bond strength significantly differed according to surface cleaning method (p < 0.01) and storage time (p < 0.01), but their interaction was not significant (p = 0.264). Longer storage time decreased the bond strength. BUR, ALUM, GLASS, and FURN did not differ statistically significantly from CO+, but were significantly greater than CO-. SULF and HYFL did not differ statistically significantly from CO- and were significantly lower than CO+.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cleaning composite cement with BUR, ALUM, GLASS, and FURN restored bond strengths to that of the positive control. However, only GLASS and FURN did not roughen the surface of the underlying lithium-silicate glass-ceramic.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39190491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study evaluated whether active application of self-etching adhesives would influence their microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin cut with burs of different grit sizes.
Materials and methods: Eighty-four human premolars were divided into 12 groups according to 1) two dentin surface preparations with either superfine- or regular-grit diamond burs; 2) three adhesives - Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SE2), Scotchbond Universal (SBU, 3M Oral Care) and G-Premio Bond (GPB, GC); and 3) two application modes of each adhesive (active or passive). Six bonded teeth per group were sectioned into sticks for µTBS testing. Statistical analyses were performed using 3-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). Additional teeth were prepared to observe the interaction between the dentin smear layer obtained from each bur with adhesives under different application modes using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results: Active application significantly increased the dentin bond strength of SE2, irrespective of the kind of bur used (p < 0.05). The highest bond strength of SBU was observed when bonded to superfine-grit diamond bur-cut dentin with the active application. There was, however, no influence of the tested factors on GPB group (p > 0.05). TEM observation showed that active application promoted dentin smear layer dissolution in all adhesive groups.
Conclusions: Bond strengths of self-etching adhesives to dentin are influenced by bur-cut smear layers and mainly by application mode of adhesive materials. Active application improves µTBS of self-etching adhesives by enhancing smear layer modification and resin penetration into bur-cut dentin.
目的:研究自蚀刻胶粘剂的主动应用是否会影响其与不同磨粒大小的毛刺切割牙本质的微拉伸结合强度。材料与方法:84颗人类前磨牙按照1)两种牙本质表面制备方法(超细金刚石或常规金刚石burs)分为12组;2)三种胶粘剂——Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SE2)、Scotchbond Universal (shbu_, 3M Oral Care)和G-Premio Bond (gpb_, GC);3)每种粘合剂的两种使用方式(主动或被动)。每组6颗粘结牙切成棒状进行微TBS检测。统计学分析采用3-way ANOVA加Duncan检验(p < 0.05)。利用transmission电子microscopy (TEM)观察不同应用模式下各牙槽所获得的牙本质涂抹层与粘接剂的相互作用。结果:无论使用哪种牙钉,主动应用均能显著提高SE2的牙本质结合强度(p < 0.05)。活性应用时,SBU与超细粒金刚石毛刺牙本质的结合强度最高。各试验因素对GPB组无显著影响(p > 0.05)。透射电镜观察结果表明,积极应用促进了各粘接剂组牙本质涂抹层的溶解。结论:自蚀刻胶粘剂与牙本质的结合强度受涂片层数的影响,主要受胶粘剂材料使用方式的影响。主动应用通过增强涂抹层修饰和树脂渗透到毛刺切割的牙本质,改善了自蚀刻粘合剂的µTBS。
{"title":"Bonding Performance of Self-etching Adhesives to Bur-cut Dentin with Active Application Mode.","authors":"Pipop Saikaew, Almas Chowdhury, Vanthana Sattabanasuk, Natchalee Srimaneekarn, Chayada Teanchai, Ricardo M Carvalho, Hidehiko Sano","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1645379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1645379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated whether active application of self-etching adhesives would influence their microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin cut with burs of different grit sizes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty-four human premolars were divided into 12 groups according to 1) two dentin surface preparations with either superfine- or regular-grit diamond burs; 2) three adhesives - Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SE2), Scotchbond Universal (SBU, 3M Oral Care) and G-Premio Bond (GPB, GC); and 3) two application modes of each adhesive (active or passive). Six bonded teeth per group were sectioned into sticks for µTBS testing. Statistical analyses were performed using 3-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). Additional teeth were prepared to observe the interaction between the dentin smear layer obtained from each bur with adhesives under different application modes using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Active application significantly increased the dentin bond strength of SE2, irrespective of the kind of bur used (p < 0.05). The highest bond strength of SBU was observed when bonded to superfine-grit diamond bur-cut dentin with the active application. There was, however, no influence of the tested factors on GPB group (p > 0.05). TEM observation showed that active application promoted dentin smear layer dissolution in all adhesive groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bond strengths of self-etching adhesives to dentin are influenced by bur-cut smear layers and mainly by application mode of adhesive materials. Active application improves µTBS of self-etching adhesives by enhancing smear layer modification and resin penetration into bur-cut dentin.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39190495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The effect of surface moisture on bur-cut dentin on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of universal adhesives with various contents of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methacrylamide monomers was evaluated.
Materials and methods: Flat mid-coronal dentin surfaces of human molars were exposed, and a standardized smear layer was prepared using a fine-grit diamond bur. The surfaces were either left wet or air dried for 10 s before bonding with Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ), experimental UBQ without an amide monomer (UBQexp), Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Prime&Bond Universal (PBU), or BeautiBond Universal (BBU). The specimens were built up with resin composite, sectioned into sticks and subjected to the μTBS test after 24 h or 10,000 thermal cycles. The μTBS data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni's correction (α = 0.05).
Results: The level of dentin moisture did not significantly affect μTBS of UBQ and BBU (p > 0.05). HEMA-containing UBQ, UBQexp, and SBU exhibited higher μTBS to dry dentin, while HEMA-free PBU and BBU showed higher μTBS to wet dentin. Thermocycling significantly decreased the μTBS of UBQexp (p < 0.01) and BBU (p < 0.001) irrespective of dentin moisture level, while SBU was significantly affected only on dry dentin (p < 0.001). Thermocycling had no significant effect on UBQ and PBU containing methacrylamide monomers (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Dry surfaces enabled obtaining optimal bonding for HEMA-containing adhesives to bur-cut dentin, while wet surfaces enabled optimal bonding for HEMA-free adhesives. Methacrylamide monomers could contribute to the improvement of the initial and long-term bonding performance of universal adhesives to bur-cut dentin.
{"title":"Effect of Surface Moisture on Bur-cut Dentin on Bonding of HEMA-free and HEMA-containing Universal Adhesives with or without Methacrylamide Monomer.","authors":"Nooruldeen Ali Saeed, Antonin Tichy, Yusuke Kuno, Keiichi Hosaka, Junji Tagami, Masatoshi Nakajima","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1650121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1650121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effect of surface moisture on bur-cut dentin on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of universal adhesives with various contents of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methacrylamide monomers was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Flat mid-coronal dentin surfaces of human molars were exposed, and a standardized smear layer was prepared using a fine-grit diamond bur. The surfaces were either left wet or air dried for 10 s before bonding with Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ), experimental UBQ without an amide monomer (UBQexp), Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Prime&Bond Universal (PBU), or BeautiBond Universal (BBU). The specimens were built up with resin composite, sectioned into sticks and subjected to the μTBS test after 24 h or 10,000 thermal cycles. The μTBS data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni's correction (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of dentin moisture did not significantly affect μTBS of UBQ and BBU (p > 0.05). HEMA-containing UBQ, UBQexp, and SBU exhibited higher μTBS to dry dentin, while HEMA-free PBU and BBU showed higher μTBS to wet dentin. Thermocycling significantly decreased the μTBS of UBQexp (p < 0.01) and BBU (p < 0.001) irrespective of dentin moisture level, while SBU was significantly affected only on dry dentin (p < 0.001). Thermocycling had no significant effect on UBQ and PBU containing methacrylamide monomers (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dry surfaces enabled obtaining optimal bonding for HEMA-containing adhesives to bur-cut dentin, while wet surfaces enabled optimal bonding for HEMA-free adhesives. Methacrylamide monomers could contribute to the improvement of the initial and long-term bonding performance of universal adhesives to bur-cut dentin.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39190492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Reader, Repeatedly, we as Editors of the Journal of Adhesive Dentistry have highlighted the importance of our subdiscipline in the course of previous statements,1,2,7,8 which have been cited by the community. From our point of view, there is no doubt that Adhesive Dentistry – visibly represented by our Journal – has gained scientific importance during the last two decades, also having been especially promoted since the Journal was established in the field by Roulet and Degrange in 1999. All dental schools – at least those directly competing with medical disciplines within medical faculties3 – are often treated dismissively, due to the fact that in dentistry 1) less grant money flows than in specialities such as oncology, for example, and b) average impact factors are much lower compared to some medical fields such as immunology or microbiology.5 This leads to the common situation that dental schools are given just a condescending nod when it comes to direct competition regarding both grant money and cumulative impact factors.3 Nevertheless, it has been widely accepted that focussing solely on impact factors may falsify the image.5,6 Moreover, we previously stated that although it is an accomplishment to publish in a high JIF journal, when the paper is not cited, the value of this is questionable.5,6 On the other hand, there are plenty of highly cited papers in journals with comparably low JIF.6 Therefore, individualized correction factors have been requested in order to give a fairer picture of the variety of different scientific subdisciplines in general.4,6 By chance, we came across an interesting publication by Ioannidis et al, highlighting one such mathematical model and displaying the top 100,000 researchers worldwide in general as well as the top 2% in each subdiscipline, including dentistry as a subcategory of clinical medicine.4 This truly thrilling Excel sheet displays a variety of numbers and ranks, from citations to h-factors, and it uses a so-called composite index in order to rank within disciplines and subdisciplines. It is an honor for us to announce that Adhesive Dentistry plays a significant role in this list among 55,000 global dental researchers, and that the #1 dental researcher worldwide is David H. Pashley, the godfather of Adhesive Dentistry. Curious? Here’s the link:
{"title":"Editorial: Adhesive Dentistry in the Mirror of Excellent Research.","authors":"Roland Frankenberger, Bart Van Meerbeek","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1492431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1492431","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Reader, Repeatedly, we as Editors of the Journal of Adhesive Dentistry have highlighted the importance of our subdiscipline in the course of previous statements,1,2,7,8 which have been cited by the community. From our point of view, there is no doubt that Adhesive Dentistry – visibly represented by our Journal – has gained scientific importance during the last two decades, also having been especially promoted since the Journal was established in the field by Roulet and Degrange in 1999. All dental schools – at least those directly competing with medical disciplines within medical faculties3 – are often treated dismissively, due to the fact that in dentistry 1) less grant money flows than in specialities such as oncology, for example, and b) average impact factors are much lower compared to some medical fields such as immunology or microbiology.5 This leads to the common situation that dental schools are given just a condescending nod when it comes to direct competition regarding both grant money and cumulative impact factors.3 Nevertheless, it has been widely accepted that focussing solely on impact factors may falsify the image.5,6 Moreover, we previously stated that although it is an accomplishment to publish in a high JIF journal, when the paper is not cited, the value of this is questionable.5,6 On the other hand, there are plenty of highly cited papers in journals with comparably low JIF.6 Therefore, individualized correction factors have been requested in order to give a fairer picture of the variety of different scientific subdisciplines in general.4,6 By chance, we came across an interesting publication by Ioannidis et al, highlighting one such mathematical model and displaying the top 100,000 researchers worldwide in general as well as the top 2% in each subdiscipline, including dentistry as a subcategory of clinical medicine.4 This truly thrilling Excel sheet displays a variety of numbers and ranks, from citations to h-factors, and it uses a so-called composite index in order to rank within disciplines and subdisciplines. It is an honor for us to announce that Adhesive Dentistry plays a significant role in this list among 55,000 global dental researchers, and that the #1 dental researcher worldwide is David H. Pashley, the godfather of Adhesive Dentistry. Curious? Here’s the link:","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39038241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thatiana V Leite, Diogo Henrique da Silva, Gabriela de Mello Nunes Esposo, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar, Adriano F Lima, Giselle M Marchi
Purpose: To evaluate the push-out bond strength (PBS) of glass-fiber posts (GFP) in different root canal zones (cervical, middle, and apical), bonded with experimental simplified adhesives (ESAs) containing different initiator systems (camphorquinone [CQ] or phenylpropanodione [PPD]) with or without diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI), in combination with a DPI-containing composite cement.
Materials and methods: ESA blends were prepared with bisphenol glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEG-DMA), 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethanol, then divided into 12 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the initiator systems (CQ, PPD, or CQ + PPD) and the presence or absence of DPI. The roots of 120 extracted bovine incisors were prepared with #5 Largo drills and the GFP were cemented with each ESA and experimental composite cements containing 0.05 mol% of DPI. The push-out bond strength (PBS) test was performed after 24 h of storage. Failure patterns were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with split-plot two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
Results: PBS was significantly higher for DPI-containing ESAs in all regions evaluated, with the group containing 0.5 CQ + 1 PPD + 0.5 DPI exhibiting the highest PBS. There was no statistically signficant difference among groups without DPI. Most failures were classified as adhesive at the cement-dentin interface.
Conclusions: The combination of an adhesive and a composite cement containing DPI salt can improve GFP bonding to root dentin, even in the apical region.
{"title":"Positive Synergistic Effect of Adhesives and Resin Cements Containing an Iodonium Salt on Bonding of Fiber Posts.","authors":"Thatiana V Leite, Diogo Henrique da Silva, Gabriela de Mello Nunes Esposo, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar, Adriano F Lima, Giselle M Marchi","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1367843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1367843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the push-out bond strength (PBS) of glass-fiber posts (GFP) in different root canal zones (cervical, middle, and apical), bonded with experimental simplified adhesives (ESAs) containing different initiator systems (camphorquinone [CQ] or phenylpropanodione [PPD]) with or without diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI), in combination with a DPI-containing composite cement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>ESA blends were prepared with bisphenol glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEG-DMA), 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethanol, then divided into 12 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the initiator systems (CQ, PPD, or CQ + PPD) and the presence or absence of DPI. The roots of 120 extracted bovine incisors were prepared with #5 Largo drills and the GFP were cemented with each ESA and experimental composite cements containing 0.05 mol% of DPI. The push-out bond strength (PBS) test was performed after 24 h of storage. Failure patterns were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with split-plot two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PBS was significantly higher for DPI-containing ESAs in all regions evaluated, with the group containing 0.5 CQ + 1 PPD + 0.5 DPI exhibiting the highest PBS. There was no statistically signficant difference among groups without DPI. Most failures were classified as adhesive at the cement-dentin interface.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of an adhesive and a composite cement containing DPI salt can improve GFP bonding to root dentin, even in the apical region.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39038244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To investigate the influence of the etching strategy of universal adhesives on bond degradation to sound and artificially-induced caries-affected dentin.
Materials and methods: The universal adhesives (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive; All-Bond Universal; Prime&Bond Elect) and adhesives used as controls (Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond) were applied to sound and artificially-induced caries-affected bovine dentin. Microtensile bond strength was evaluated immediately (24 h) and after one year of water storage (1 year). Representative specimens were also prepared to assess nanoleakage. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05), considering each substrate separately.
Results: Bonding degradation was observed for all universal adhesives on caries-affected dentin, irrespective of the etching strategy. On sound dentin, bonding degradation was observed when adhesives were used on the etch-and-rinse strategy.
Conclusion: The universal adhesives were not capable of maintaining bond stability over time on caries-affected dentin. The self-etch strategy seems better able to maintain the durability of adhesive interfaces created on sound dentin.
目的:探讨通用胶粘剂的腐蚀策略对牙本质粘结降解的影响。材料和方法:万能胶(Scotchbond万能胶;所有债券普遍;Prime&Bond Elect)和粘合剂作为对照(Adper Single Bond 2和Clearfil SE Bond)应用于正常和人工诱导的龋齿影响的牛牙本质。立即(24 h)和水储存1年后(1年)评估微拉伸粘结强度。制备了具有代表性的样品,以评估纳米泄漏。结合强度数据(MPa)分别采用三因素方差分析和事后Tukey检验(α = 0.05)进行分析。结果:无论采用何种蚀刻策略,所有通用粘接剂在受龋影响的牙本质上都观察到粘接降解。在健全的牙本质上,当粘合剂用于蚀刻和冲洗策略时,观察到粘合降解。结论:通用粘接剂在龋病牙本质上不能长期保持粘接稳定性。自蚀刻策略似乎能够更好地保持在健全的牙本质上创建的粘合剂界面的耐久性。
{"title":"Self-etch Approach of Universal Adhesives as an Alternative to Minimize Bond Degradation on Sound Dentin vs Caries-affected Dentin over Time.","authors":"Andressa Cargnelutti Follak, Leonardo Lamberti Miotti, Tathiane Larissa Lenzi, Rachel de Oliveira Rocha, Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1367889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1367889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the influence of the etching strategy of universal adhesives on bond degradation to sound and artificially-induced caries-affected dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The universal adhesives (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive; All-Bond Universal; Prime&Bond Elect) and adhesives used as controls (Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond) were applied to sound and artificially-induced caries-affected bovine dentin. Microtensile bond strength was evaluated immediately (24 h) and after one year of water storage (1 year). Representative specimens were also prepared to assess nanoleakage. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05), considering each substrate separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bonding degradation was observed for all universal adhesives on caries-affected dentin, irrespective of the etching strategy. On sound dentin, bonding degradation was observed when adhesives were used on the etch-and-rinse strategy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The universal adhesives were not capable of maintaining bond stability over time on caries-affected dentin. The self-etch strategy seems better able to maintain the durability of adhesive interfaces created on sound dentin.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38958375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constantinos Papadopoulos, Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, Kimon Pahinis, Elisabeth Koulaouzidou, Kosmas Tolidis
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface modification methods on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of four resin-matrix CAD/CAM ceramics after artificial aging.
Materials and methods: Specimens of four CAD/CAM materials (Shofu Block HC, Lava Ultimate, Brilliant Crios, and Vita Enamic) were prepared and divided into four groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: group 1 (INT): no surface modification; group 2: sandblasting with 29-μm Al2O3 particles (SB); group 3: hydrofluoric acid etching (9%) + silane (HF+Si); group 4: sandblasting with 30-μm particles of the CoJet system (CJ). The specimens of each group were luted together in pairs using resin cement (RelyX Ultimate). After one week of water storage (37°C), the sandwich specimens were sectioned into rectangular microspecimens and half of them were immediately subjected to μTBS testing, while the other half was tested after six months. Data were statistically analyzed using FFANOVA including the factors of material, treatment, and storage time, with α = 0.05.
Results: After one week, the lowest μTBS was observed for INT, while the highest was found for either mechanical (SB and CJ) or chemical (HF+Si) treatments (p < 0.05). After six months, a significant decrease in μTBS was observed depending on treatment (p < 0.05), while artificial aging significantly influenced the μTBS of all experimental groups (p < 0.05). During the two storage periods, the failure type was mainly interfacial and was associated with the type of surface modification.
Conclusion: After artificial aging, the μTBS appeared to depend on srface modification, while the parameter "material" did not influence the results. Consequently, adhesive strategies should be oriented towards surface modification techniques.
{"title":"Microtensile Bond Strength Between Resin-Matrix CAD/CAM Ceramics and Resin Cement after Various Surface Modifications and Artificial Aging.","authors":"Constantinos Papadopoulos, Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, Kimon Pahinis, Elisabeth Koulaouzidou, Kosmas Tolidis","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1367903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1367903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of different surface modification methods on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of four resin-matrix CAD/CAM ceramics after artificial aging.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specimens of four CAD/CAM materials (Shofu Block HC, Lava Ultimate, Brilliant Crios, and Vita Enamic) were prepared and divided into four groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: group 1 (INT): no surface modification; group 2: sandblasting with 29-μm Al2O3 particles (SB); group 3: hydrofluoric acid etching (9%) + silane (HF+Si); group 4: sandblasting with 30-μm particles of the CoJet system (CJ). The specimens of each group were luted together in pairs using resin cement (RelyX Ultimate). After one week of water storage (37°C), the sandwich specimens were sectioned into rectangular microspecimens and half of them were immediately subjected to μTBS testing, while the other half was tested after six months. Data were statistically analyzed using FFANOVA including the factors of material, treatment, and storage time, with α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After one week, the lowest μTBS was observed for INT, while the highest was found for either mechanical (SB and CJ) or chemical (HF+Si) treatments (p < 0.05). After six months, a significant decrease in μTBS was observed depending on treatment (p < 0.05), while artificial aging significantly influenced the μTBS of all experimental groups (p < 0.05). During the two storage periods, the failure type was mainly interfacial and was associated with the type of surface modification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After artificial aging, the μTBS appeared to depend on srface modification, while the parameter \"material\" did not influence the results. Consequently, adhesive strategies should be oriented towards surface modification techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38958376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putsadeeporn Thammajaruk, Supanee Buranadham, Massimiliano Guazzato, Yu Wang
Purpose: To compare the shear bond strength of composite cement to lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coated zirconia vs to alumina air-abraded zirconia and to analyze the residual stresses on both of lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coated zirconia vs alumina air-abraded zirconia specimens.
Materials and methods: One hundred eighty zirconia disks (diameters 10 mm and 5 mm, 4.5 mm thick) were divided into two groups: lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coating followed by hydrofluoric acid etching and Monobond N Primer (LiDi) or alumina air-abrasion (AA). For each group, two different sizes of identically pre-treated zirconia specimens were bonded with Multilink Speed Cement. A total of 90 specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and then assigned to three subgroups (n = 15/test group): 1. short-term test; 2. thermocycling for 5000 cycles; 3. thermocycling for 10,000 cycles. Bond strength was tested in shear mode and results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05). Failure mode and surfaces were analyzed with optical and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze t-m phase transformation and residual stresses on mechanically pre-treated LiDi and AA surfaces.
Results: The LiDi groups recorded higher mean bond strength than AA groups after thermocycling (p < 0.05). Thermocycling did not affect the bond strength of either LiDi or AA groups (p > 0.05). Most of specimens in AA groups exhibited mixed failure. Alumina air-abraded surfaces exhibited higher residual compressive stresses than did surfaces with a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coating.
Conclusion: Following thermocycling, composite-zirconia bond strength of specimens with a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coating was greater than that of alumina air-abraded specimens.
{"title":"Shear Bond Strength of Composite Cement to Lithium-Disilicate Glass-coated Zirconia Versus Alumina Air-abraded Zirconia.","authors":"Putsadeeporn Thammajaruk, Supanee Buranadham, Massimiliano Guazzato, Yu Wang","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b1367913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.b1367913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the shear bond strength of composite cement to lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coated zirconia vs to alumina air-abraded zirconia and to analyze the residual stresses on both of lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coated zirconia vs alumina air-abraded zirconia specimens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred eighty zirconia disks (diameters 10 mm and 5 mm, 4.5 mm thick) were divided into two groups: lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coating followed by hydrofluoric acid etching and Monobond N Primer (LiDi) or alumina air-abrasion (AA). For each group, two different sizes of identically pre-treated zirconia specimens were bonded with Multilink Speed Cement. A total of 90 specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and then assigned to three subgroups (n = 15/test group): 1. short-term test; 2. thermocycling for 5000 cycles; 3. thermocycling for 10,000 cycles. Bond strength was tested in shear mode and results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05). Failure mode and surfaces were analyzed with optical and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze t-m phase transformation and residual stresses on mechanically pre-treated LiDi and AA surfaces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LiDi groups recorded higher mean bond strength than AA groups after thermocycling (p < 0.05). Thermocycling did not affect the bond strength of either LiDi or AA groups (p > 0.05). Most of specimens in AA groups exhibited mixed failure. Alumina air-abraded surfaces exhibited higher residual compressive stresses than did surfaces with a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coating.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Following thermocycling, composite-zirconia bond strength of specimens with a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic coating was greater than that of alumina air-abraded specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":55604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38958377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}