A. Zanellati, Anita Macauda, C. Panciroli, M. Gabbrielli
Abstract Within scientific debate on post-digital and education, we present a position paper to describe a research project aimed at the design of a predictive model for students’ low achievements in mathematics in Italy. The model is based on the INVALSI data set, an Italian large-scale assessment test, and we use decision trees as the classification algorithm. In designing this tool, we aim to overcome the use of economic, social, and cultural context indices as main factors for the prediction of a learning gap occurrence. Indeed, we want to include a suitable representation of students’ learning in the model, by exploiting the data collected through the INVALSI tests. We resort to a knowledge-based approach to address this issue and specifically, we try to understand what knowledge is introduced into the model through the representation of learning. In this sense, our proposal allows a students’ learning encoding, which is transferable to different students’ cohort. Furthermore, the encoding methods may be applied to other large-scale assessments test. Hence, we aim to contribute to a debate on knowledge representation in AI tool for education.
{"title":"Representation of learning in the post-digital: students’ dropout predictive models with artificial intelligence algorithms","authors":"A. Zanellati, Anita Macauda, C. Panciroli, M. Gabbrielli","doi":"10.2478/rem-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within scientific debate on post-digital and education, we present a position paper to describe a research project aimed at the design of a predictive model for students’ low achievements in mathematics in Italy. The model is based on the INVALSI data set, an Italian large-scale assessment test, and we use decision trees as the classification algorithm. In designing this tool, we aim to overcome the use of economic, social, and cultural context indices as main factors for the prediction of a learning gap occurrence. Indeed, we want to include a suitable representation of students’ learning in the model, by exploiting the data collected through the INVALSI tests. We resort to a knowledge-based approach to address this issue and specifically, we try to understand what knowledge is introduced into the model through the representation of learning. In this sense, our proposal allows a students’ learning encoding, which is transferable to different students’ cohort. Furthermore, the encoding methods may be applied to other large-scale assessments test. Hence, we aim to contribute to a debate on knowledge representation in AI tool for education.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"15 1","pages":"103 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41962947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Schools are a complex system made up of not only relationships, infrastructures, and challenges, but also constraints. It seems essential that schools, as complex organizations, work in synergy, according to a shared vision with all the actors involved in the educational process. School management is now part of a process that is increasingly implemented in a shared way; a single person in charge cannot manage the complexity that the school requires. In order to observe and narrate this complexity, the National Institute of Documentation, Innovation, and Educational Research (INDIRE) has carried out several research projects in recent years that focus on the analysis of school leadership. In particular, the European project Learning Leadership for Change (L2C) aimed to promote and support the experimentation of a shared leadership approach in some strategic areas for schools. The results of this project highlighted the importance of the lighthouse leaders in implementing shared leadership, whose main function is to involve all school actors keeping the community active and growing. These more informal teams do not remove the need for the so-called formal intermediate management structures. It is also essential for the shared leadership approach to create sharing networks that include local and regional strategic partners to reinforce the sustainability of these innovative practices.
{"title":"Participatory Communication and Shared Leadership: The European Project Learning Leadership for Change (L2C)","authors":"A. Turchi, S. Greco, E. Morini, Paola Nencioni","doi":"10.2478/rem-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Schools are a complex system made up of not only relationships, infrastructures, and challenges, but also constraints. It seems essential that schools, as complex organizations, work in synergy, according to a shared vision with all the actors involved in the educational process. School management is now part of a process that is increasingly implemented in a shared way; a single person in charge cannot manage the complexity that the school requires. In order to observe and narrate this complexity, the National Institute of Documentation, Innovation, and Educational Research (INDIRE) has carried out several research projects in recent years that focus on the analysis of school leadership. In particular, the European project Learning Leadership for Change (L2C) aimed to promote and support the experimentation of a shared leadership approach in some strategic areas for schools. The results of this project highlighted the importance of the lighthouse leaders in implementing shared leadership, whose main function is to involve all school actors keeping the community active and growing. These more informal teams do not remove the need for the so-called formal intermediate management structures. It is also essential for the shared leadership approach to create sharing networks that include local and regional strategic partners to reinforce the sustainability of these innovative practices.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"15 1","pages":"120 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46431691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Participation is a key issue in understanding didactic dynamics. On the one hand, youth participatory cultures are described as incorporating gaming, multitasking, transmedia navigation and networking; on the other hand, the pre-digital meaning of participation retains a political value related to individual commitment for the common good and to socio-constructivist learning design. There is a connection among community, participation and learning, as the tradition of communities of practice highlights (Wenger, 1998, 2000). The present article introduces and discusses the results of the research focussing on the course for civil protection operators engaged in voluntary public assistance service. The course was delivered online following the lockdown measures enacted in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Three specific dimensions were examined: a) the trainer’s role; b) group dynamics and c) online participation. It was possible to compare these data with those collected in occasion of other training courses delivered face to face before the 2020 healthcare emergency. The research was conducted as a multimethod case study using quantitative and qualitative tools.
{"title":"Participation and digital non-formal learning environments","authors":"A. Spinelli","doi":"10.2478/rem-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Participation is a key issue in understanding didactic dynamics. On the one hand, youth participatory cultures are described as incorporating gaming, multitasking, transmedia navigation and networking; on the other hand, the pre-digital meaning of participation retains a political value related to individual commitment for the common good and to socio-constructivist learning design. There is a connection among community, participation and learning, as the tradition of communities of practice highlights (Wenger, 1998, 2000). The present article introduces and discusses the results of the research focussing on the course for civil protection operators engaged in voluntary public assistance service. The course was delivered online following the lockdown measures enacted in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Three specific dimensions were examined: a) the trainer’s role; b) group dynamics and c) online participation. It was possible to compare these data with those collected in occasion of other training courses delivered face to face before the 2020 healthcare emergency. The research was conducted as a multimethod case study using quantitative and qualitative tools.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43249386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In order to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic, many schools have been closed for several months as of March 2020 in Germany. The unplanned and rapid shift to distance learning formats has led to fears that extensive learning deficits will be created and educational inequality will be further exacerbated. This paper, therefore, investigates the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on spelling skills (capitalisation, sounds and letters, separate and compound spelling and punctuation) of students in German-speaking countries. For this purpose, we use granular learning process data from an online learning platform for spelling competences with over 1 million solved exercise sets. We compare successful completion of exercise sets before the pandemic and after the first wave of the pandemic and estimate personal competence by a Rasch model. The result shows a loss of competence in 2020 and an increase in inequality in some grade levels and spelling domains. A linear model cannot confirm an overarching loss of competence.
{"title":"Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on students’ spelling ability","authors":"Nathalie Rzepka, Katharina Simbeck, Hans-Georg Müller","doi":"10.2478/rem-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic, many schools have been closed for several months as of March 2020 in Germany. The unplanned and rapid shift to distance learning formats has led to fears that extensive learning deficits will be created and educational inequality will be further exacerbated. This paper, therefore, investigates the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on spelling skills (capitalisation, sounds and letters, separate and compound spelling and punctuation) of students in German-speaking countries. For this purpose, we use granular learning process data from an online learning platform for spelling competences with over 1 million solved exercise sets. We compare successful completion of exercise sets before the pandemic and after the first wave of the pandemic and estimate personal competence by a Rasch model. The result shows a loss of competence in 2020 and an increase in inequality in some grade levels and spelling domains. A linear model cannot confirm an overarching loss of competence.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"14 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42159423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of primary school students about information and communication technologies in the distance education process during COVID-19 pandemic via the pictures they drew. For the sample group of the study which was conducted according to the qualitative research method and phenomenological design, the convenience sampling method was used. A total of 43 students were included in the study. In the study, the data were collected using the draw-and-tell technique. In the data analysis, the content analysis was used. As a result of the data analysis, four main themes were specified. In the pictures drawn by the students, the equipment and software they used during this period were collected under the main theme of ‘devices and application programs’. While the drawings and views of the students concerning the use of information and communication technologies in the distance education process were included in the main theme of ‘education’, the effect of technologies on their social life in the process was included in the main theme of ‘social life’. Finally, their drawings and views concerning their metaphorical perceptions about information and communication technologies during the process were included in the main theme of metaphors.
{"title":"Examining the perceptions of primary school students about information and communication technologies in the distance education process during the COVID-19 pandemic via pictures","authors":"Emine Kübra Pullu","doi":"10.2478/rem-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of primary school students about information and communication technologies in the distance education process during COVID-19 pandemic via the pictures they drew. For the sample group of the study which was conducted according to the qualitative research method and phenomenological design, the convenience sampling method was used. A total of 43 students were included in the study. In the study, the data were collected using the draw-and-tell technique. In the data analysis, the content analysis was used. As a result of the data analysis, four main themes were specified. In the pictures drawn by the students, the equipment and software they used during this period were collected under the main theme of ‘devices and application programs’. While the drawings and views of the students concerning the use of information and communication technologies in the distance education process were included in the main theme of ‘education’, the effect of technologies on their social life in the process was included in the main theme of ‘social life’. Finally, their drawings and views concerning their metaphorical perceptions about information and communication technologies during the process were included in the main theme of metaphors.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"14 1","pages":"40 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41608996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper aims to analyse various methodologies and identify the changing sectoral and educational needs with a design education focus, which could benefit a transitional education model to adapt to the shifting paradigms. This paper is intended to be an educational resource that discusses academic approaches and proposes a model as a supportive framework for designers and educators to consider peri-pandemic, post-pandemic and other potential future scenarios. It also examines how the design education addresses current shifting paradigms and how to improve research and education and suggests continuing to effectively adopt new methodologies to educate next generations of designers with appropriate knowledge, tools and skills across collaborative practices between academia and industry.
{"title":"How is Distance Learning Modality Shaping a New Paradigm in Design Education? Lessons Learned from the Pandemic Experience","authors":"Mekin Elçioğlu","doi":"10.2478/rem-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to analyse various methodologies and identify the changing sectoral and educational needs with a design education focus, which could benefit a transitional education model to adapt to the shifting paradigms. This paper is intended to be an educational resource that discusses academic approaches and proposes a model as a supportive framework for designers and educators to consider peri-pandemic, post-pandemic and other potential future scenarios. It also examines how the design education addresses current shifting paradigms and how to improve research and education and suggests continuing to effectively adopt new methodologies to educate next generations of designers with appropriate knowledge, tools and skills across collaborative practices between academia and industry.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"14 1","pages":"33 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48096592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Frequent use of digital environments and tools during the pandemic increased the responsibilities of children as well as parents in digital environments. Hence, researching the digital parenting awareness of parents during the pandemic is important. This research aims to evaluate the digital parenting levels of primary school students’ parents in terms of different variables. The survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. Two hundred and five primary school students’ parents, who were reached by the convenience sampling method, participated in the study. The study data were collected using the ‘Digital Parenting Awareness Scale’. Demographic information of the parents and the scale scores were analysed descriptively, and the differentiation according to different variables was analysed inferentially. According to the research findings, both setting negative examples and efficient use of digital tools by parents were found to be high during the pandemic, while digital neglect and risk protection levels were found to be moderate. It was concluded that digital parenting levels differ according to variables such as gender, number of children and socioeconomic status.
{"title":"Evaluating the digital parenting levels of parents of primary school students during the pandemic based on different variables","authors":"Cihat Yaşaroğlu, Derya Sönmez","doi":"10.2478/rem-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Frequent use of digital environments and tools during the pandemic increased the responsibilities of children as well as parents in digital environments. Hence, researching the digital parenting awareness of parents during the pandemic is important. This research aims to evaluate the digital parenting levels of primary school students’ parents in terms of different variables. The survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. Two hundred and five primary school students’ parents, who were reached by the convenience sampling method, participated in the study. The study data were collected using the ‘Digital Parenting Awareness Scale’. Demographic information of the parents and the scale scores were analysed descriptively, and the differentiation according to different variables was analysed inferentially. According to the research findings, both setting negative examples and efficient use of digital tools by parents were found to be high during the pandemic, while digital neglect and risk protection levels were found to be moderate. It was concluded that digital parenting levels differ according to variables such as gender, number of children and socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"14 1","pages":"97 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44019539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandra Carenzio, Stefano Pasta, S. L. Jacono, Irene Mauro, Pier Cesare Rivoltella
Abstract Since March 2020, we have witnessed a movement of great power: research centres, organisations, publishers, scientific societies, groups and associations have become more engaged, creating networks to promote learning for teachers and schools through digital environments. The contribution tries to think about the digital solidarity initiatives built by Research Centre on Media Education, Innovation and Technologies (CREMIT): a series of webinars for schools, a special free issue of the magazine EaS, the challenge (#distantimaunitiperlascuola). Can we read these initiatives as a third space? The contribution tries to think about these questions, starting from the analysis of some data belonging to communication: the analytics of the social channels (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), analysis of the posts collected in the social channels around to the initiatives promoted and analysis of the questions collected during the 13 webinars delivered.
{"title":"‘Digital solidarity’ as a third space for school engagement","authors":"Alessandra Carenzio, Stefano Pasta, S. L. Jacono, Irene Mauro, Pier Cesare Rivoltella","doi":"10.2478/rem-2022-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2022-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since March 2020, we have witnessed a movement of great power: research centres, organisations, publishers, scientific societies, groups and associations have become more engaged, creating networks to promote learning for teachers and schools through digital environments. The contribution tries to think about the digital solidarity initiatives built by Research Centre on Media Education, Innovation and Technologies (CREMIT): a series of webinars for schools, a special free issue of the magazine EaS, the challenge (#distantimaunitiperlascuola). Can we read these initiatives as a third space? The contribution tries to think about these questions, starting from the analysis of some data belonging to communication: the analytics of the social channels (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), analysis of the posts collected in the social channels around to the initiatives promoted and analysis of the questions collected during the 13 webinars delivered.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"14 1","pages":"108 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41771933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article provides a vignette to exemplify how the training of teachers in primary schools in England was adapted in one context during the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the key challenges the HEIs and schools faced was how to continue to assess the practicum of trainee teachers while trying to maintain the integrity of classroom ’bubbles’. A fast change in practice occurred with recommendation from the Department for Education (DfE, 2020) that observations could be made face to face if the risk assessed and COVID-19 safety measures were in place. Observations could be remote using a digital platform or other suitable technology to capture practicum at a distance. Alternatively, practicum could be ‘unseen’ with pre- and post-observation discussions with mentors from the HEIs. The latter option left the school-based mentors picking up most of the observational workload in schools. Given the global crisis that unfolded from early 2019, the workload was unmanageable for most schools. This article concludes that the use of video provides a rich observation opportunity that does not degrade the quality of observation of trainee teachers. It is proposed that policy and practice beyond the pandemic considers maintaining live video observation as an example of good practice and offers practical steps on how this methodology for observation can be deployed in other teacher training settings across the world.
{"title":"Training teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: using live video for observation of practicum","authors":"Kelly Dockerty","doi":"10.2478/rem-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides a vignette to exemplify how the training of teachers in primary schools in England was adapted in one context during the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the key challenges the HEIs and schools faced was how to continue to assess the practicum of trainee teachers while trying to maintain the integrity of classroom ’bubbles’. A fast change in practice occurred with recommendation from the Department for Education (DfE, 2020) that observations could be made face to face if the risk assessed and COVID-19 safety measures were in place. Observations could be remote using a digital platform or other suitable technology to capture practicum at a distance. Alternatively, practicum could be ‘unseen’ with pre- and post-observation discussions with mentors from the HEIs. The latter option left the school-based mentors picking up most of the observational workload in schools. Given the global crisis that unfolded from early 2019, the workload was unmanageable for most schools. This article concludes that the use of video provides a rich observation opportunity that does not degrade the quality of observation of trainee teachers. It is proposed that policy and practice beyond the pandemic considers maintaining live video observation as an example of good practice and offers practical steps on how this methodology for observation can be deployed in other teacher training settings across the world.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"14 1","pages":"15 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42289281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This pilot study looks at how the author proactively sought to mitigate the issue of cheating when giving online tests during the Spring 2021 semester, at a time when the Covid-19 pandemic forced many teachers around the world to use modalities that involved distance learning. The genesis, implementation and results of the strategy used during the free response exams of an undergraduate course in differential equations are described, along with the benefits and drawbacks of the approach.
{"title":"Mitigating cheating during online proctored exams","authors":"Barry J. Griffiths","doi":"10.2478/rem-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This pilot study looks at how the author proactively sought to mitigate the issue of cheating when giving online tests during the Spring 2021 semester, at a time when the Covid-19 pandemic forced many teachers around the world to use modalities that involved distance learning. The genesis, implementation and results of the strategy used during the free response exams of an undergraduate course in differential equations are described, along with the benefits and drawbacks of the approach.","PeriodicalId":55657,"journal":{"name":"Research on Education and Media","volume":"14 1","pages":"9 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49526258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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