Pub Date : 2010-09-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.05.015
Lili Qiang, Zhi-jun Zhao, Ling-wang Zhou, Li-hua Wang, Y. Liu, L. Hui, Wang Hu, Duo-long He, Yong-qing An, Shenglu Bai, Yong-hong Luo, Youai Cao
Objective To observe the effect of changing grain and selenium supplementation for 1-year on control of children's Kaschin-Beck disease in Qinghai province. Methods Epidemiology, clinical and right-hand X-ray examination were carried out on children aged 7 - 12 years in 2008. Patients were diagnosed and divided into 3 groups by village, control group from Xinjianping village in Guide county, changing grain group from Xiemalang village in Guide county and supplying salt with selenium and iodine group from Shanglujuan and Xialujuan villages in Xinghai county. One year before and after the treatment, right-hand X-ray photograph (including carpal bones)was taken and child hair samples were collected, selenium was detected by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results After 1 year prevention and control, the detectable rate of X-ray in control group was raised from 4.88%(2/41) to 12.20%(5/41) , the detection rate in changing grain group was declined from 17.54%(10/57) to 5.26%(3/57), and from 13.51%(10/74) to 5.41%(4/74) in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group. In changing grain group, there were 10 patients, 7 cases were cured, 2 patients stable, 1 case progressed,no new case;in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group of 10 patients, 7 were cured, 3 patients stable, 1 new diagnosed case;in control group, 2 patients stable, 2 new diagnosed metaphysis cases, 1 new diagnosed metaphyseal case. Compared with control group, the difference was statistically significant between changing grain group and supplying salt with selenium and iodine group(x2 = 5.49,4.14, all P ＜ 0.05). After 1 year control and prevention,hair selenium contents in control group and changing grain group were increased from (107.15 ± 42.30), (125.30 ±40.30)μg/kg to (108.32 ± 35.67), (135.38 ± 65.24)μg/kg, the difference was statistically insignificant(t = 0.01,0.68, all P ＞ 0.05), and selenium contents in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group were obviously increased from (95.62 ± 43.42)μg/kg to (197.64 ± 97.08)μg/kg (t = 5.41, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Changing grain and supplying selenium can prevent and control children's Kaschin-Beck disease. Key words: Kaschin-Beck disease; Selenium; X-rays
{"title":"Effect of changing grain and selenium supplementation on control of children's Kaschin-Beck disease in Qinghai province","authors":"Lili Qiang, Zhi-jun Zhao, Ling-wang Zhou, Li-hua Wang, Y. Liu, L. Hui, Wang Hu, Duo-long He, Yong-qing An, Shenglu Bai, Yong-hong Luo, Youai Cao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.05.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the effect of changing grain and selenium supplementation for 1-year on control of children's Kaschin-Beck disease in Qinghai province. Methods Epidemiology, clinical and right-hand X-ray examination were carried out on children aged 7 - 12 years in 2008. Patients were diagnosed and divided into 3 groups by village, control group from Xinjianping village in Guide county, changing grain group from Xiemalang village in Guide county and supplying salt with selenium and iodine group from Shanglujuan and Xialujuan villages in Xinghai county. One year before and after the treatment, right-hand X-ray photograph (including carpal bones)was taken and child hair samples were collected, selenium was detected by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results After 1 year prevention and control, the detectable rate of X-ray in control group was raised from 4.88%(2/41) to 12.20%(5/41) , the detection rate in changing grain group was declined from 17.54%(10/57) to 5.26%(3/57), and from 13.51%(10/74) to 5.41%(4/74) in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group. In changing grain group, there were 10 patients, 7 cases were cured, 2 patients stable, 1 case progressed,no new case;in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group of 10 patients, 7 were cured, 3 patients stable, 1 new diagnosed case;in control group, 2 patients stable, 2 new diagnosed metaphysis cases, 1 new diagnosed metaphyseal case. Compared with control group, the difference was statistically significant between changing grain group and supplying salt with selenium and iodine group(x2 = 5.49,4.14, all P ＜ 0.05). After 1 year control and prevention,hair selenium contents in control group and changing grain group were increased from (107.15 ± 42.30), (125.30 ±40.30)μg/kg to (108.32 ± 35.67), (135.38 ± 65.24)μg/kg, the difference was statistically insignificant(t = 0.01,0.68, all P ＞ 0.05), and selenium contents in supplying salt with selenium and iodine group were obviously increased from (95.62 ± 43.42)μg/kg to (197.64 ± 97.08)μg/kg (t = 5.41, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Changing grain and supplying selenium can prevent and control children's Kaschin-Beck disease. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Kaschin-Beck disease; Selenium; X-rays","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"143 1","pages":"522-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89030757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.05.022
He Ming-xia, Zhang Chong-nong
Objective To further understand the effect of anti-fluoride water on intellectual development of children and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area Pucheng county Shaanxi province.Methods Two hundred 8 to 12 years old children were randomly selected in endemic fluorosis area with changed water or unchanged water, in 2009 in Pucheng county Shaanxi province. Intelligence quotient(IQ) of children was measured by Raven's test. Children's dental fluorosis was examined by Dean's classification scheme. Results The rates of child dental fluorosis in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis areas were 28.50%(57/200), 87.88%(203/231) , respectively, the difference was statistically significant(x2 = 159.19, P＜ 0.01),while dental fluorosis indices were 0.57,1.97, was marginal, moderate epidemic. Children with IQ above 90 was accounted for 89.5% (179/200), 91.5% (183/200) in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis area,respectively, the difference was not significant (x2 = 0.46, P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Changed water may decrease the incidence of child dental fluorosis, but has no obvious effect on children's IQ development in endemic fluorosis area. Key words: Drinking; Fluorosis,dental; Intelligence
{"title":"Investigation of children's intelligence quotient and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area in Pucheng county Shaanxi province before and after drinking water change","authors":"He Ming-xia, Zhang Chong-nong","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.05.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.05.022","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To further understand the effect of anti-fluoride water on intellectual development of children and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area Pucheng county Shaanxi province.Methods Two hundred 8 to 12 years old children were randomly selected in endemic fluorosis area with changed water or unchanged water, in 2009 in Pucheng county Shaanxi province. Intelligence quotient(IQ) of children was measured by Raven's test. Children's dental fluorosis was examined by Dean's classification scheme. Results The rates of child dental fluorosis in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis areas were 28.50%(57/200), 87.88%(203/231) , respectively, the difference was statistically significant(x2 = 159.19, P＜ 0.01),while dental fluorosis indices were 0.57,1.97, was marginal, moderate epidemic. Children with IQ above 90 was accounted for 89.5% (179/200), 91.5% (183/200) in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis area,respectively, the difference was not significant (x2 = 0.46, P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Changed water may decrease the incidence of child dental fluorosis, but has no obvious effect on children's IQ development in endemic fluorosis area. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Drinking; Fluorosis,dental; Intelligence","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"633 1","pages":"547-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85351453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.016
Wang Hong-mei, Su Ying-di, H. Man, Jiang Su-juan, Wu Liu-jian, Wang Shan-qing
Objective To know the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) and the implementation of control measures against the disorders in high-risk areas of Hainan province. Methods Typical sampling principle was used. Eight townships with lower coverage rate of iodized salt were chosen in IDD high-risk counties of Hainan. New cretinism cases were screened among children aged 10 years and under. Intelligence quotient (IQ)value, urinary iodine (UI) concentration and thyroid gland size (by palpation and B ultrasonic) were investigated in children aged 8 to 10 years and questionnaire was also carried out among students from grade 5 in elementary school. Edible salt and urine of women of childbearing age were collected to detect iodine levels, respectively,questionnaire was also carried out among the women of childbearing age. The UI was determined by As3-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometer, the salt iodine level was determined using self-quantitative kit. IQ values were measured by the Combined Raven Test in China (CRT-C2). Results Seventy-two townships were investigated in three consecutive years, 7937 children aged 8 to 10 years, 1797 women of childbearing age and 4128 students of grade 5 were included in the survey. One child was diagnosed as suspected new cretinism case. The coverage rate of iodized salt was increased from 44.6%(629/1411) in 2007 to 92.1%(1688/1832) in 2009. The goiter rate was dropped from 5.9% (269/4548), 6.0% (274/4548) in 2007 to 1.6% (24/1461), 0.1% (2/1461) in 2009 bypalpation, and by B-ultrasound, respectively, in children aged 8 to 10 years. The median urinary iodine(MUI) was found to be increased from 97.4 μg/L in 2007 to 165.0 μg/L in 2009, and the percentage of UI less than 50.0 μg/L, and 100.0 μg/L were dropped from 21.4%(973/4548), 51.2%(2329/4548) in 2007 to 7.5 %(110/1461), 23.4%(342/1461) in 2009, respectively. The MUI of women of childbearing age was found to be elevated from 73.7 μg/L in 2007 to 126.1 μg/L in 2009, and the value was also increased from 55.7 μg/L to 121.5 μg/L in pregnant women, but these values were still lower than 150.0 μg/L The pass rate of the questionnaire of IDD controlling among the students of grade 5 and the women of childbearing age was raised from 29.8% (446/1495) ,24.1% (179/742) in 2007 to 65.8%(732/1112), 72.1%(264/366) in 2009, respectively. The mean IQ of children was 90.4±16.0, and the percentage of IQ value less than 69 was 12.6% (1000/7937). Conclusions The diseased state of IDD has improved in the high-risk counties of disorders in Hainan province, but the pregnant women are still iodine deficient. Iodine supplimentation should be promoted among pregnant women. Key words: Iodine; Deficiency disorders; Goiter, Endemic; Data collection
{"title":"Iodine deficiency disorders in high-risk areas of Hainan province from 2007 to 2009: an analysis of survey results","authors":"Wang Hong-mei, Su Ying-di, H. Man, Jiang Su-juan, Wu Liu-jian, Wang Shan-qing","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To know the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) and the implementation of control measures against the disorders in high-risk areas of Hainan province. Methods Typical sampling principle was used. Eight townships with lower coverage rate of iodized salt were chosen in IDD high-risk counties of Hainan. New cretinism cases were screened among children aged 10 years and under. Intelligence quotient (IQ)value, urinary iodine (UI) concentration and thyroid gland size (by palpation and B ultrasonic) were investigated in children aged 8 to 10 years and questionnaire was also carried out among students from grade 5 in elementary school. Edible salt and urine of women of childbearing age were collected to detect iodine levels, respectively,questionnaire was also carried out among the women of childbearing age. The UI was determined by As3-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometer, the salt iodine level was determined using self-quantitative kit. IQ values were measured by the Combined Raven Test in China (CRT-C2). Results Seventy-two townships were investigated in three consecutive years, 7937 children aged 8 to 10 years, 1797 women of childbearing age and 4128 students of grade 5 were included in the survey. One child was diagnosed as suspected new cretinism case. The coverage rate of iodized salt was increased from 44.6%(629/1411) in 2007 to 92.1%(1688/1832) in 2009. The goiter rate was dropped from 5.9% (269/4548), 6.0% (274/4548) in 2007 to 1.6% (24/1461), 0.1% (2/1461) in 2009 bypalpation, and by B-ultrasound, respectively, in children aged 8 to 10 years. The median urinary iodine(MUI) was found to be increased from 97.4 μg/L in 2007 to 165.0 μg/L in 2009, and the percentage of UI less than 50.0 μg/L, and 100.0 μg/L were dropped from 21.4%(973/4548), 51.2%(2329/4548) in 2007 to 7.5 %(110/1461), 23.4%(342/1461) in 2009, respectively. The MUI of women of childbearing age was found to be elevated from 73.7 μg/L in 2007 to 126.1 μg/L in 2009, and the value was also increased from 55.7 μg/L to 121.5 μg/L in pregnant women, but these values were still lower than 150.0 μg/L The pass rate of the questionnaire of IDD controlling among the students of grade 5 and the women of childbearing age was raised from 29.8% (446/1495) ,24.1% (179/742) in 2007 to 65.8%(732/1112), 72.1%(264/366) in 2009, respectively. The mean IQ of children was 90.4±16.0, and the percentage of IQ value less than 69 was 12.6% (1000/7937). Conclusions The diseased state of IDD has improved in the high-risk counties of disorders in Hainan province, but the pregnant women are still iodine deficient. Iodine supplimentation should be promoted among pregnant women. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Iodine; Deficiency disorders; Goiter, Endemic; Data collection","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"96 1","pages":"409-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87543411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.010
Y. Ye, Li Wengui
Objective To investigate the change of splenocyte subsets in Balb/c mice immunized with transgenic alfalfa(Medicago sativa)containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion gene of Echinococcus granulosus(Eg) and challenged with Eg protoscoleces.Methods Leaf protein was extracted from transgenic alfalfa containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion gene by heat-coagulation method,and concentration of 20 g/L was used in the study.Meanwhile,leaf protein extracted from the transgenic alfalfa containing blank vector(pBI121)and the normal alfalfa was served as control.Thirty-two female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,8 mice in each group.Oral group was immunized with the leaf protein containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion antigen intragastrically(100μl per mouse);intranasal group was immunized with the leaf protein containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion antigen intranasally(10 μl per mouse);blank vector group was vaccinated intranasally with 10μl leaf protein with blank vector(pBI121);and normal control group was given 100μl normal leaf protein intragastrically.All mice in the above mentioned groups were immunized every 3 days for 2 months.Then,the mice were challenged intraperitoneally with Eg protoscoleces(50 protoscoleces per mouse)8 weeks after last vaccination and sacrified 24 weeks pest infection to separate the splenocytes.Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T ceils subsets.Resuits Compared with the normal control group(0.166±0.018,0.083±0.006,2.019 ±0.369),the percentages of CD4+(0.286±0.009)and CD8+(0.102±0.004)T cell subsets and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+(2.814±0.014)in oral group increased significantly (P 0.05).Conclusions CD4+ T cell may play an important role in the protection induced by transgenic alfalfa vaccine against the challenge of Eg protoscoleces.Intragastrical immunization may be a good route. Key words: Echinococcus granulosus; Plants,genetically modified; Medicago sativa; Lymphocyte subsets
{"title":"The change of splenocyte subsets in Balb/c mice by immunization with the transgenic alfalfa(Medicago sativa) containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion gene of Echinococcus granulosus","authors":"Y. Ye, Li Wengui","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the change of splenocyte subsets in Balb/c mice immunized with transgenic alfalfa(Medicago sativa)containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion gene of Echinococcus granulosus(Eg) and challenged with Eg protoscoleces.Methods Leaf protein was extracted from transgenic alfalfa containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion gene by heat-coagulation method,and concentration of 20 g/L was used in the study.Meanwhile,leaf protein extracted from the transgenic alfalfa containing blank vector(pBI121)and the normal alfalfa was served as control.Thirty-two female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,8 mice in each group.Oral group was immunized with the leaf protein containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion antigen intragastrically(100μl per mouse);intranasal group was immunized with the leaf protein containing Eg95-EgA31 fusion antigen intranasally(10 μl per mouse);blank vector group was vaccinated intranasally with 10μl leaf protein with blank vector(pBI121);and normal control group was given 100μl normal leaf protein intragastrically.All mice in the above mentioned groups were immunized every 3 days for 2 months.Then,the mice were challenged intraperitoneally with Eg protoscoleces(50 protoscoleces per mouse)8 weeks after last vaccination and sacrified 24 weeks pest infection to separate the splenocytes.Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T ceils subsets.Resuits Compared with the normal control group(0.166±0.018,0.083±0.006,2.019 ±0.369),the percentages of CD4+(0.286±0.009)and CD8+(0.102±0.004)T cell subsets and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+(2.814±0.014)in oral group increased significantly (P 0.05).Conclusions CD4+ T cell may play an important role in the protection induced by transgenic alfalfa vaccine against the challenge of Eg protoscoleces.Intragastrical immunization may be a good route. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Echinococcus granulosus; Plants,genetically modified; Medicago sativa; Lymphocyte subsets","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74297458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.027
Xiang You-zhang, Wang Xiu-hong, Liu Yuan, Guo Feng-jiu, Cai Wei, Liao Yongjian, Zhang Wen-ming, W. Jing, Liu Wei-tao
Objective To observe the incidence and clinical characteristics of chronic Keshan disease in recent years, and to provide evidence for diagnosis of the disease. Methods From March to August 2009, 163 patients with chronic Keshan disease were chosen from Shandong, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and Cansu. Of these patients, 62 cases were from Shandong, 34 cases from Sichuan, 37 cases from Inner Mongolia, and 30 cases from Gansu. All of the subjects underwent detailed natural history of the disease, careful physical examination and electrocardiogram (ECG), X-ray chest radiography and cardiac ultrasound examination. The incidence and clinical features were analyzed. Results Adults accounted for 98.8%(161/163) and children for 1.2%(2/163) in 163 cases of chronic Keshan disease, with an average age of 45.8 years. Slow onset accounted for 62.6%(102/163), other types that evolved into chronic-type accounted for 37.4%(61/163). Low blood pressure( 116.5/72.4 mmHg),often with cardiac function grade Ⅱ accounted for 65.6%(107/163). Common symptoms were: palpitation[86.5%(141/163)], asthma [76.7% (125/163)], fatigue[76.1%(124/163)], precordial discomfort [54.6% (89/163)], dizziness[50.3%(82/163)], edema of lower limbs[44.8%(73/163)], and anorexia[38.0%(62/163)]. Common signs were: low-weak first heart sound[66.9%(109/163)], heart enlargement[64.4%(105/163)], apical pulse dispersion[42.3%(69/163)], arrhythmia[40.5%(66/163)], hepatomegalia[39.3%(64/163)], systolic murmur [25.2%(41/163)], and edema[20.9%(34/163)]. Abnormal ECG detection rate was 93.9%(153/163), with common types followed by ST-T changes[ST-T changes, ST segment changes, Tchange, 36.2%(59/163)], ventricular premature [occasional and frequent ventricular premature, 26.4% (43/163)], complete right bundle branch block [25.8% (42/163)], atrial fibrillation[19.0%(31/163)], and atrioventricular conduction block[8.6%( 14/163)]. X-ray results showed that significant and moderate heart enlargement were common, accounting for 73.4%( 105/143), followed by mild enlargement of 25.2%(36/143). Color doppler ultrasound examination results showed that the atrio-ventricular cavity diameter increased, followed by left ventricular end-systolic diameter increased[81.3%(52/64)], left ventricular end-diastolic diameter increased[65.6%(42/64)], left atrial enlargement[51.6%(33/64)], right atrial enlargement [43.8%(28/64)], and right ventricular enlargement[32.8%(21/64)]. Left ventricular wall and interventricular septum thinning accounted for 15.6%( 10/64) and 7.8%(5/64), respectively. Conclusions In recent years, most cases of chronic Keshan disease occur as natural chronic type, and at older age at onset with low blood pressure.Main clinical features of the disease are cardiac enlargement, inadequate tissue perfusion, and venous stasis performance caused by cardiac decompensation. Correct diagnosis of chronic Keshan disease can be made based on these clinical features. Key words: Keshan disease; Electrocardiography; X-ra
{"title":"Analysis of clinical characteristics and diagnosis of 163 patients with chronic Keshan disease","authors":"Xiang You-zhang, Wang Xiu-hong, Liu Yuan, Guo Feng-jiu, Cai Wei, Liao Yongjian, Zhang Wen-ming, W. Jing, Liu Wei-tao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the incidence and clinical characteristics of chronic Keshan disease in recent years, and to provide evidence for diagnosis of the disease. Methods From March to August 2009, 163 patients with chronic Keshan disease were chosen from Shandong, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and Cansu. Of these patients, 62 cases were from Shandong, 34 cases from Sichuan, 37 cases from Inner Mongolia, and 30 cases from Gansu. All of the subjects underwent detailed natural history of the disease, careful physical examination and electrocardiogram (ECG), X-ray chest radiography and cardiac ultrasound examination. The incidence and clinical features were analyzed. Results Adults accounted for 98.8%(161/163) and children for 1.2%(2/163) in 163 cases of chronic Keshan disease, with an average age of 45.8 years. Slow onset accounted for 62.6%(102/163), other types that evolved into chronic-type accounted for 37.4%(61/163). Low blood pressure( 116.5/72.4 mmHg),often with cardiac function grade Ⅱ accounted for 65.6%(107/163). Common symptoms were: palpitation[86.5%(141/163)], asthma [76.7% (125/163)], fatigue[76.1%(124/163)], precordial discomfort [54.6% (89/163)], dizziness[50.3%(82/163)], edema of lower limbs[44.8%(73/163)], and anorexia[38.0%(62/163)]. Common signs were: low-weak first heart sound[66.9%(109/163)], heart enlargement[64.4%(105/163)], apical pulse dispersion[42.3%(69/163)], arrhythmia[40.5%(66/163)], hepatomegalia[39.3%(64/163)], systolic murmur [25.2%(41/163)], and edema[20.9%(34/163)]. Abnormal ECG detection rate was 93.9%(153/163), with common types followed by ST-T changes[ST-T changes, ST segment changes, Tchange, 36.2%(59/163)], ventricular premature [occasional and frequent ventricular premature, 26.4% (43/163)], complete right bundle branch block [25.8% (42/163)], atrial fibrillation[19.0%(31/163)], and atrioventricular conduction block[8.6%( 14/163)]. X-ray results showed that significant and moderate heart enlargement were common, accounting for 73.4%( 105/143), followed by mild enlargement of 25.2%(36/143). Color doppler ultrasound examination results showed that the atrio-ventricular cavity diameter increased, followed by left ventricular end-systolic diameter increased[81.3%(52/64)], left ventricular end-diastolic diameter increased[65.6%(42/64)], left atrial enlargement[51.6%(33/64)], right atrial enlargement [43.8%(28/64)], and right ventricular enlargement[32.8%(21/64)]. Left ventricular wall and interventricular septum thinning accounted for 15.6%( 10/64) and 7.8%(5/64), respectively. Conclusions In recent years, most cases of chronic Keshan disease occur as natural chronic type, and at older age at onset with low blood pressure.Main clinical features of the disease are cardiac enlargement, inadequate tissue perfusion, and venous stasis performance caused by cardiac decompensation. Correct diagnosis of chronic Keshan disease can be made based on these clinical features. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Keshan disease; Electrocardiography; X-ra","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"60 1","pages":"446-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90365168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.002
Song Rui-xia, Xiong Yong-min, Zou Xiu-zhen, Duan Xiao-hong, Sun Wen-yan
Objective To investigate the meaning of expression of apoptosis related molecules NFKBp65 and p53 and GPX1-mRNA in patients with Keshan disease(KSD).Methods Sixteen chronic Keshan Disease patients were enrolled in KSD group according to electrocardiogram,chest X ray film and clinical examinations on 15,September in 2009,and 23 healthy people were included in control group from physical examination taken in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Fresh blood(5 ml)was collected from antecubital vein of all subjects in the fasting state.Total mRNA and protein of blood sample were isolated using Trizol.GPX Assay Kit was used to detect GPX enzyme activity,and GPX1-mRNA expression was determined by SYBR Real-Time PCR.Meanwhile,expression of apoptosis related molecules NFKBp65 and p53 were determined by Western blot.Results GPX enzyme activity decreased significantly in KSD group[(108.61±14.10)U]compared with control group[(122.78±11.89)U,t=2.874,P<0.05],GPX1-mRNA level of KSD group(0.553±0.299)notably KSD group(0.802±0.057)compared with control group[(1.065±0.355),t=6.829,P<0.01].p53 increased in KSD group(1.604±0.191)compared with control group[(1.137±0.186),t=3.033,P<0.05].Conclusiom Decreased GPX1-mRNA expression may result in lower GPX enzyme activity of patients with KSD.Thus oxidative damage increases and cadioeyte apoptosis is activated by activating apoptosis signal pathway. Key words: Keshan disease; Apoptosis; Glutathion peroxidase; NFкBp65; p53
{"title":"Expression of GPX1-mRNA and apoptosis related signal molecular in Keshan disease patients","authors":"Song Rui-xia, Xiong Yong-min, Zou Xiu-zhen, Duan Xiao-hong, Sun Wen-yan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the meaning of expression of apoptosis related molecules NFKBp65 and p53 and GPX1-mRNA in patients with Keshan disease(KSD).Methods Sixteen chronic Keshan Disease patients were enrolled in KSD group according to electrocardiogram,chest X ray film and clinical examinations on 15,September in 2009,and 23 healthy people were included in control group from physical examination taken in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Fresh blood(5 ml)was collected from antecubital vein of all subjects in the fasting state.Total mRNA and protein of blood sample were isolated using Trizol.GPX Assay Kit was used to detect GPX enzyme activity,and GPX1-mRNA expression was determined by SYBR Real-Time PCR.Meanwhile,expression of apoptosis related molecules NFKBp65 and p53 were determined by Western blot.Results GPX enzyme activity decreased significantly in KSD group[(108.61±14.10)U]compared with control group[(122.78±11.89)U,t=2.874,P<0.05],GPX1-mRNA level of KSD group(0.553±0.299)notably KSD group(0.802±0.057)compared with control group[(1.065±0.355),t=6.829,P<0.01].p53 increased in KSD group(1.604±0.191)compared with control group[(1.137±0.186),t=3.033,P<0.05].Conclusiom Decreased GPX1-mRNA expression may result in lower GPX enzyme activity of patients with KSD.Thus oxidative damage increases and cadioeyte apoptosis is activated by activating apoptosis signal pathway. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Keshan disease; Apoptosis; Glutathion peroxidase; NFкBp65; p53","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"359-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81503500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.009
Mo Fei, Qu Wei, X. Shu-hua, Yu Mao-juan, Tu Fei
Objective To observe the effects of soybean,selenium and spirulina on hemoglobin(Hb)of rats intoxicated with fluorine and aluminiums.Methods According to body weight,84 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,high aluminum group,high fluorine group,high fluorine-aluminum group,high fluorine-aluminium intoxicated rats strengthened with soybean group,high fluorine-aluminium intoxicated rats strengthened with selenium group and high fluorine-aluminium intoxicated rats strengthened with spirulina group,12 in each group.Rats in the control group and the high aluminum group were fed with feed containing 5.2 mg/kg of fluorine and 6.8 mg/kg of aluminum.In other groups,fluorine wag 106 mg/Kg and aluminum 19.7 mg/kg.Fluorine and aluminum concentration in the drinking water of the control group and the high fluorine group were 0.69 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L,respectively.In other groups' drinking water,these values were 0.69 mg/L and 90.2 mg/L,respectively.Ninety days later,Hb concentration of the whole blood was tested.Results Hb concentration of the control group,the high aluminum group,the high fluorine group,and the high fluorine-aluminum group were (160.8±6.3),(142.2±15.9),(156.1±4.9)and(145.2±6.2)g/L,respectively.Fluorine had an effect on the concentration of Hb(F=29.56,P 0.05).Conclusions High-dose fluorine could cause varied decrease in the concentration of Hb.However,aluminum has neitherantagonistic effect nor synergistic effect on the Hb of fluorotic Rat.Soybean,selenium and Spirulina show a trend to increase fluorotic rat's Hb,but they has no evident antagonistic effect. Key words: Soy beans; Selenium; Spindina; Fluorine; Aluminum; Hemoglobins
{"title":"Effects of soybean, selenium and spirulina on hemoglobin of rats intoxicated with fluorine and aluminium","authors":"Mo Fei, Qu Wei, X. Shu-hua, Yu Mao-juan, Tu Fei","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the effects of soybean,selenium and spirulina on hemoglobin(Hb)of rats intoxicated with fluorine and aluminiums.Methods According to body weight,84 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,high aluminum group,high fluorine group,high fluorine-aluminum group,high fluorine-aluminium intoxicated rats strengthened with soybean group,high fluorine-aluminium intoxicated rats strengthened with selenium group and high fluorine-aluminium intoxicated rats strengthened with spirulina group,12 in each group.Rats in the control group and the high aluminum group were fed with feed containing 5.2 mg/kg of fluorine and 6.8 mg/kg of aluminum.In other groups,fluorine wag 106 mg/Kg and aluminum 19.7 mg/kg.Fluorine and aluminum concentration in the drinking water of the control group and the high fluorine group were 0.69 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L,respectively.In other groups' drinking water,these values were 0.69 mg/L and 90.2 mg/L,respectively.Ninety days later,Hb concentration of the whole blood was tested.Results Hb concentration of the control group,the high aluminum group,the high fluorine group,and the high fluorine-aluminum group were (160.8±6.3),(142.2±15.9),(156.1±4.9)and(145.2±6.2)g/L,respectively.Fluorine had an effect on the concentration of Hb(F=29.56,P 0.05).Conclusions High-dose fluorine could cause varied decrease in the concentration of Hb.However,aluminum has neitherantagonistic effect nor synergistic effect on the Hb of fluorotic Rat.Soybean,selenium and Spirulina show a trend to increase fluorotic rat's Hb,but they has no evident antagonistic effect. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Soy beans; Selenium; Spindina; Fluorine; Aluminum; Hemoglobins","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"384-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79615831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.024
Sun Dong-yan, Qi Zhi-mei, Ji Feng-yang, Zhang Fa-xin, Liu Cheng-zhen, Ma Yan
Objective To investigate the distribution of water-borne fluoride and the current situation of endemic fluorosis in Yan'an city in 2006, and to evaluate the effect of water defluoridation project by improving driking water quality. Method In 2006 in Yan'an city, 5 samples from water source were collected in each selected village that was chosen according to 5 directions of East, West, South, North, and Central. Meanwhile, 1 sample from water source, 1 sample from water processing factory and 2 tap water samples were collected from each water defluoridation project. Water fluoride was determined by spectrophotometric method, teeth and skeletal fluorosis examination were performed by Dean method and "national criteria of endemic skeletal fluorosis diagnosis of China" in children aged 8-12 year and adults, respectively if water fluoride level > 1.00 mg/L Results Of 726 water samples from 293 villages tested, samples from 25 villages had higher fluoride( > 1.00 mg/L), and these villages covered a population of 11 610 people and most of these people were in Wuqi and Yanchuan counties. Water fluoride ranged from 0.10 mg/L to 3.50 mg/L, with median being 0.59 mg/L. Of 100 water samples from 25 water defluoridation projects, only 1 sample exceeded the national criteria in Yanchuan, and Wuqi counties, respectively,with fluoride level being 1.85 mg/L and 1.60 mg/L, respectively, and population exposed was 3083 and 708, respectively, with water fluoride ranged 0.30 - 2.00 mg/L In the examination of 1281 children aged 8 - 12, we detected 238 cases of dental fluorosis, and the detection rate reached 18.58%; 13 900 adults were checked, and 375 cases were confirmed of skeletal fluorosis, a detection rate reached 2.70%. Conclusions Yan'an has a wide range of water with high fluoride and severe fluorosis people. The water defluoridation projects need to be further improved. The task of prevention of endemic fluorosis is still arduous, and we should speed up the implementation of comprehensive water defluoridation measures. Key words: Drinking; Fluorides; Fluorosis, dental; Osteofluorosis
{"title":"Investigation of fluoride level in drinking water and state of endemic fluorosis in Yan'an city","authors":"Sun Dong-yan, Qi Zhi-mei, Ji Feng-yang, Zhang Fa-xin, Liu Cheng-zhen, Ma Yan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the distribution of water-borne fluoride and the current situation of endemic fluorosis in Yan'an city in 2006, and to evaluate the effect of water defluoridation project by improving driking water quality. Method In 2006 in Yan'an city, 5 samples from water source were collected in each selected village that was chosen according to 5 directions of East, West, South, North, and Central. Meanwhile, 1 sample from water source, 1 sample from water processing factory and 2 tap water samples were collected from each water defluoridation project. Water fluoride was determined by spectrophotometric method, teeth and skeletal fluorosis examination were performed by Dean method and \"national criteria of endemic skeletal fluorosis diagnosis of China\" in children aged 8-12 year and adults, respectively if water fluoride level > 1.00 mg/L Results Of 726 water samples from 293 villages tested, samples from 25 villages had higher fluoride( > 1.00 mg/L), and these villages covered a population of 11 610 people and most of these people were in Wuqi and Yanchuan counties. Water fluoride ranged from 0.10 mg/L to 3.50 mg/L, with median being 0.59 mg/L. Of 100 water samples from 25 water defluoridation projects, only 1 sample exceeded the national criteria in Yanchuan, and Wuqi counties, respectively,with fluoride level being 1.85 mg/L and 1.60 mg/L, respectively, and population exposed was 3083 and 708, respectively, with water fluoride ranged 0.30 - 2.00 mg/L In the examination of 1281 children aged 8 - 12, we detected 238 cases of dental fluorosis, and the detection rate reached 18.58%; 13 900 adults were checked, and 375 cases were confirmed of skeletal fluorosis, a detection rate reached 2.70%. Conclusions Yan'an has a wide range of water with high fluoride and severe fluorosis people. The water defluoridation projects need to be further improved. The task of prevention of endemic fluorosis is still arduous, and we should speed up the implementation of comprehensive water defluoridation measures. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Drinking; Fluorides; Fluorosis, dental; Osteofluorosis","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"436-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89379483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.004
Z. Teng, Yi Zhang, Ying Fan, Xiao Wei Wu, Ling-wang Zhou, Tong Wang
Objective To observe the protective function of recombinant human thioredoxin(TRX) on HeLa cell injury induced by Coxsackie virus 3m(CVB3m) and to study the inhibiting effect of TRX on viral replication. Methods We infected HeLa cells with 10TCID50 CVB3m and then protected these cells with TRX (2,5,10 mg/L). The protective group of TRX, viral group, control group of TRX, and normal control group were included. Six parallel wells were set up in each group. The cell growth was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and contrast phase microscope. Results The results of contrast phase microscope revealed that HeLa cells were arranged tightly and polygon in normal control group; untightly, became circle and abscission in viral group; HeLa cells morphous improved by increasing TRX concentration in TRX protective group(2,5,10mg/L). MTT results of the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) control group(1.2%,2.9%,6.3%) were compared with normal control group(0), there was no significant difference(all P > 0.05); and while the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) protective group(32.0%,28.0%,27.0%) was compared with virus infective group(51.7%), there was a significant difference (all P < 0.05). The inhibition study of viral replication showed that compared the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) protective group(26.0%,27.0%, 10.9%) with virus infective group(60.0%), there was a significant difference(all P < 0.05). In the protective groups, there was a significant difference (all P < 0.05) between low dose groups(2,5 mg/L) and high dose groups( 10 mg/L). Conclusions The recombinant TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) may alleviate HeLa cell's injury induced by virus and the construct has no significant toxicity. TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) is effective in inhibiting virus CVB3m replication. Key words: Thioredoxin; Enterovirus; Virus replication; Cytoprotection
{"title":"Effect of recombinant human thioredoxin on Coxsackie virus 3m-induced cell injury","authors":"Z. Teng, Yi Zhang, Ying Fan, Xiao Wei Wu, Ling-wang Zhou, Tong Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the protective function of recombinant human thioredoxin(TRX) on HeLa cell injury induced by Coxsackie virus 3m(CVB3m) and to study the inhibiting effect of TRX on viral replication. Methods We infected HeLa cells with 10TCID50 CVB3m and then protected these cells with TRX (2,5,10 mg/L). The protective group of TRX, viral group, control group of TRX, and normal control group were included. Six parallel wells were set up in each group. The cell growth was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and contrast phase microscope. Results The results of contrast phase microscope revealed that HeLa cells were arranged tightly and polygon in normal control group; untightly, became circle and abscission in viral group; HeLa cells morphous improved by increasing TRX concentration in TRX protective group(2,5,10mg/L). MTT results of the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) control group(1.2%,2.9%,6.3%) were compared with normal control group(0), there was no significant difference(all P > 0.05); and while the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) protective group(32.0%,28.0%,27.0%) was compared with virus infective group(51.7%), there was a significant difference (all P < 0.05). The inhibition study of viral replication showed that compared the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) protective group(26.0%,27.0%, 10.9%) with virus infective group(60.0%), there was a significant difference(all P < 0.05). In the protective groups, there was a significant difference (all P < 0.05) between low dose groups(2,5 mg/L) and high dose groups( 10 mg/L). Conclusions The recombinant TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) may alleviate HeLa cell's injury induced by virus and the construct has no significant toxicity. TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) is effective in inhibiting virus CVB3m replication. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Thioredoxin; Enterovirus; Virus replication; Cytoprotection","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"367-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89489309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.022
Z. Min, Wei Sheng-ying, Si Wen-jiang, Ding Ping, Lu Qing, Ding Sheng-rong, Pu Guang-lan, Jiang Hong, Shi Wen-xian
Objective To observe the state of endemic flurosis, construction and running status of water improvement projects in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment fluorosis. Methods Water samples of the diseased and nondiseased villeges were collected from east, west, south, north and centre of each villege in 2005, and fluoride concentration was determined for each surveyed village with unimproved-water. At the same time, all the tap water and source water samples were collected to determine fluoride concentration in each water-improved village surveyed. In 2008, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Guied county were divided into slight, medium and heavy types according to the water fluoride content before water improved, and 1,1,3 survey villages were chosen from each type. In all of the village children aged 8 to 12 years were tested for dental fluorosis by Dean method. Six copies of the urinary fluoride were sampled in different age groups. The fluorine content in water and urine was determined by F-ion selective electrode. The situation of clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was investigated, 20 adults (evenly divided between men and women) in the villages of medium and heavy types were examined by X-ray for skeletal fluorosis. Results In 3 village fluoride content of drinking water exceeded the national drinking water standards ( <1.0 mg/L) of 85 surveyed villages with improved-water. Among the 16 projects, 8 were intermittently running and 3 were retired, leaving only 31.25% of the projects active. Theprevalence of enamel fluorosis was 41.13%( 116/282), that of skeletal flurosis was 47.95%(969/2021) and that of X-ray checked was 20.73% (17/82). The median of urine fluoride was 1.06 mg/L and the scope was 0.20 - 9.44 mg/L.Conclusions Most of the improved-water projects do not normally supply water in the disease ward of Guide county. Therefore, there is an increasing trend of the disease, so further control measures are needed. Key words: Drinking; Improved-water project; Fluorosis, dental; Osteofluorosis; Epidemiology
{"title":"Analysis on the prevention and treatment of drinking water fluorosis Guide county, in Qinghai province","authors":"Z. Min, Wei Sheng-ying, Si Wen-jiang, Ding Ping, Lu Qing, Ding Sheng-rong, Pu Guang-lan, Jiang Hong, Shi Wen-xian","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2010.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the state of endemic flurosis, construction and running status of water improvement projects in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment fluorosis. Methods Water samples of the diseased and nondiseased villeges were collected from east, west, south, north and centre of each villege in 2005, and fluoride concentration was determined for each surveyed village with unimproved-water. At the same time, all the tap water and source water samples were collected to determine fluoride concentration in each water-improved village surveyed. In 2008, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Guied county were divided into slight, medium and heavy types according to the water fluoride content before water improved, and 1,1,3 survey villages were chosen from each type. In all of the village children aged 8 to 12 years were tested for dental fluorosis by Dean method. Six copies of the urinary fluoride were sampled in different age groups. The fluorine content in water and urine was determined by F-ion selective electrode. The situation of clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was investigated, 20 adults (evenly divided between men and women) in the villages of medium and heavy types were examined by X-ray for skeletal fluorosis. Results In 3 village fluoride content of drinking water exceeded the national drinking water standards ( <1.0 mg/L) of 85 surveyed villages with improved-water. Among the 16 projects, 8 were intermittently running and 3 were retired, leaving only 31.25% of the projects active. Theprevalence of enamel fluorosis was 41.13%( 116/282), that of skeletal flurosis was 47.95%(969/2021) and that of X-ray checked was 20.73% (17/82). The median of urine fluoride was 1.06 mg/L and the scope was 0.20 - 9.44 mg/L.Conclusions Most of the improved-water projects do not normally supply water in the disease ward of Guide county. Therefore, there is an increasing trend of the disease, so further control measures are needed. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Drinking; Improved-water project; Fluorosis, dental; Osteofluorosis; Epidemiology","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"64 1","pages":"429-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78880098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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