Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2020.1728186
Lisa Schwaiger, Daniel Vogler, Jörg Schneider, Mark Eisenegger, Mihael Djukic
ABSTRACT The Catholic Church receives much attention in the news media. In recent years news coverage about the Church most notably includes optimistic reports about Pope Francis as well as negative coverage about child abuse perpetrated by priests. Although religious organizations are highly relevant in modern mediated societies, there is little research on how media coverage influences public perceptions of the Church. This paper combines the concepts of news media repertoires and corporate reputation in analyzing how news media consumption patterns influence public perceptions of the Catholic Church. We conducted a representative population survey in Austria in the spring of 2017 (n = 1,035). We identified five distinct news media repertoires. The results show that News Avoiders evaluate the Church less positively than people with a Legacy Quality Media repertoire. The effects of media repertoires on reputation also relate to people who are highly engaged in the Church community.
{"title":"How Individual News Media Repertoires Shape the Reputation of Religious Organizations: The Case of the Catholic Church in Austria","authors":"Lisa Schwaiger, Daniel Vogler, Jörg Schneider, Mark Eisenegger, Mihael Djukic","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2020.1728186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2020.1728186","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Catholic Church receives much attention in the news media. In recent years news coverage about the Church most notably includes optimistic reports about Pope Francis as well as negative coverage about child abuse perpetrated by priests. Although religious organizations are highly relevant in modern mediated societies, there is little research on how media coverage influences public perceptions of the Church. This paper combines the concepts of news media repertoires and corporate reputation in analyzing how news media consumption patterns influence public perceptions of the Catholic Church. We conducted a representative population survey in Austria in the spring of 2017 (n = 1,035). We identified five distinct news media repertoires. The results show that News Avoiders evaluate the Church less positively than people with a Legacy Quality Media repertoire. The effects of media repertoires on reputation also relate to people who are highly engaged in the Church community.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78988616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2020.1728188
Scott Haden Church, Gavin Feller
ABSTRACT Hoping to court young people increasingly distancing themselves from institutional religious affiliation, religious organizations like the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are creating and circulating aesthetic short-form videos (memes) rife with existential cinematic tropes aimed at invoking a sublime, affective viewing experience. Unlike the destabilizing cinema that inspired them, however, these religious memes do not have the luxury of equivocation. Institutional religious messages online must aim to instill divine experiences in spectators even while transcending the constraints of mobile media that circulates them. Responding to this exigency, institutional religious messages overcome these restrictions by using synecdoche to create a necessarily incomplete iteration of the sublime. “Earthly Father, Heavenly Father,” an example of a short video religious meme by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, lets the familiar cinematic tropes innovated by filmmakers such as Terrence Malick do the work of the sublime in order to represent the much larger, transcendent experience of personal communion with God.
耶稣基督后期圣徒教会(Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)等宗教组织希望吸引越来越远离机构宗教信仰的年轻人，他们正在创作和传播美学短视频(meme)，其中充斥着存在主义电影的比喻，旨在唤起一种崇高的、情感的观看体验。然而，与激发它们的不稳定电影不同，这些宗教表情包没有模棱两可的奢侈。在线的宗教信息必须旨在向观众灌输神圣的体验，即使超越传播这些信息的移动媒体的限制。作为对这种紧急情况的回应，制度性的宗教信息通过使用提喻来创造一种必要的不完整的崇高迭代，从而克服了这些限制。《尘世之父，天父》是耶稣基督后期圣徒教会(Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)制作的一个简短的宗教meme视频，它让泰伦斯·马利克(Terrence Malick)等电影人发明的熟悉的电影修辞，完成了崇高的工作，以表现个人与上帝交流的更大、更卓越的体验。
{"title":"Synecdoche, Aesthetics, and the Sublime Online: Or, What’s a Religious Internet Meme?","authors":"Scott Haden Church, Gavin Feller","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2020.1728188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2020.1728188","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hoping to court young people increasingly distancing themselves from institutional religious affiliation, religious organizations like the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are creating and circulating aesthetic short-form videos (memes) rife with existential cinematic tropes aimed at invoking a sublime, affective viewing experience. Unlike the destabilizing cinema that inspired them, however, these religious memes do not have the luxury of equivocation. Institutional religious messages online must aim to instill divine experiences in spectators even while transcending the constraints of mobile media that circulates them. Responding to this exigency, institutional religious messages overcome these restrictions by using synecdoche to create a necessarily incomplete iteration of the sublime. “Earthly Father, Heavenly Father,” an example of a short video religious meme by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, lets the familiar cinematic tropes innovated by filmmakers such as Terrence Malick do the work of the sublime in order to represent the much larger, transcendent experience of personal communion with God.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"14 1","pages":"12 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84988417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2020.1728187
S. Hong
ABSTRACT The current study explores various attitudes and intentions by religious people toward the use of a digital Bible to obtain religious texts. Based on a survey of 173 Korean respondents, the study found that religiosity as a subjective norm positively affects innovation resistance, while perceived usefulness and eagerness negatively affect innovation resistance. Furthermore, the subjective norm and innovation attitude positively affect the adoption of innovation. However, the intention to adopt an innovation negatively associates with a person’s resistance to innovation. As a result, innovation resistance mediates the effect of a subjective norm on the adoption of innovation.
{"title":"Digital Bible and Innovation Resistance","authors":"S. Hong","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2020.1728187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2020.1728187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study explores various attitudes and intentions by religious people toward the use of a digital Bible to obtain religious texts. Based on a survey of 173 Korean respondents, the study found that religiosity as a subjective norm positively affects innovation resistance, while perceived usefulness and eagerness negatively affect innovation resistance. Furthermore, the subjective norm and innovation attitude positively affect the adoption of innovation. However, the intention to adopt an innovation negatively associates with a person’s resistance to innovation. As a result, innovation resistance mediates the effect of a subjective norm on the adoption of innovation.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"1 1","pages":"24 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75812861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2019.1696122
J. Compton
ABSTRACT In the midst of a particularly difficult, deadly flu season, Gloria Copeland – televangelist, co-founder of Kenneth Copeland Ministries, and member of President Trump’s faith advisory council – seemed to suggest that flu shots were unnecessary to protect against influenza, and instead, one should “inoculate yourself with the word of God.” This paper examines Copeland's inoculation rhetoric through the lens of inoculation theory and finds that Copeland's rhetoric was both consistent and inconsistent. She neither promoted flu shots nor used inoculation as a rhetorical device, but she did claim to be advocating inoculation of a different type.
{"title":"“Inoculate Yourself with the Word of God”: Persuasion Inoculation, Medical Inoculation, and Religious Rhetoric","authors":"J. Compton","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2019.1696122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2019.1696122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the midst of a particularly difficult, deadly flu season, Gloria Copeland – televangelist, co-founder of Kenneth Copeland Ministries, and member of President Trump’s faith advisory council – seemed to suggest that flu shots were unnecessary to protect against influenza, and instead, one should “inoculate yourself with the word of God.” This paper examines Copeland's inoculation rhetoric through the lens of inoculation theory and finds that Copeland's rhetoric was both consistent and inconsistent. She neither promoted flu shots nor used inoculation as a rhetorical device, but she did claim to be advocating inoculation of a different type.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"18 1","pages":"115 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87152378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2019.1696117
Leandra H. Hernández
ABSTRACT This essay is a feminist analysis of social media discourses about motherhood, religion, and the reality television show 19 Kids & Counting. Social media discourses about the Duggar family and the relationship between motherhood and religion reveal important connections among audience digital interactivity, the role of motherhood in the series, the disconnect between representations of Christian motherhood in the series, and constructions of good and bad motherhood within religious contexts. This study provides support for the theory of digital interactivity and highlights disconnects between positive representations of Christian motherhood in 19 Kids and Counting and discourses surrounding Christian motherhood and Michelle Duggar on Twitter and Facebook. Ultimately, social and cultural understandings of media representations of religion and motherhood could be enhanced by more feminist theology perspectives.
{"title":"Discursive Constructions of Motherhood: A Feminist Analysis of Social Media Discourses about Motherhood, Religion, and 19 Kids & Counting","authors":"Leandra H. Hernández","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2019.1696117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2019.1696117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay is a feminist analysis of social media discourses about motherhood, religion, and the reality television show 19 Kids & Counting. Social media discourses about the Duggar family and the relationship between motherhood and religion reveal important connections among audience digital interactivity, the role of motherhood in the series, the disconnect between representations of Christian motherhood in the series, and constructions of good and bad motherhood within religious contexts. This study provides support for the theory of digital interactivity and highlights disconnects between positive representations of Christian motherhood in 19 Kids and Counting and discourses surrounding Christian motherhood and Michelle Duggar on Twitter and Facebook. Ultimately, social and cultural understandings of media representations of religion and motherhood could be enhanced by more feminist theology perspectives.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"3 1","pages":"134 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85829174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2019.1696121
S. Greenhalgh, K. Willet, Matthew J. Koehler
ABSTRACT In this paper, we document different expressions of Mormon identity and different approaches to Mormon practice within the #ldsconf Twitter hashtag. In particular, we examine #ldsconf during two important events in the recent history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: the presidential transition from Thomas Monson to Russell Nelson in January 2018, and the Church’s formal acceptance of Nelson as Church president in April 2018. Our findings suggest that the #ldsconf hashtag allows for more expression of identity than formal Latter-day Saint contexts and that Twitter hashtags afford a ready audience for religious discussion in which no bounds are set on appropriate identity or practice.
{"title":"Approaches to Mormon Identity and Practice in the #ldsconf Twitter Hashtag","authors":"S. Greenhalgh, K. Willet, Matthew J. Koehler","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2019.1696121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2019.1696121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we document different expressions of Mormon identity and different approaches to Mormon practice within the #ldsconf Twitter hashtag. In particular, we examine #ldsconf during two important events in the recent history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: the presidential transition from Thomas Monson to Russell Nelson in January 2018, and the Church’s formal acceptance of Nelson as Church president in April 2018. Our findings suggest that the #ldsconf hashtag allows for more expression of identity than formal Latter-day Saint contexts and that Twitter hashtags afford a ready audience for religious discussion in which no bounds are set on appropriate identity or practice.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"18 1","pages":"122 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82471900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2019.1678945
Mildred F. Perreault, G. Perreault
ABSTRACT In May 2015, a crisis erupted for the Duggar family from the TLC reality show “19 Kids and Counting” after InTouch Magazine published an article detailing how Josh Duggar – the eldest son in the well-known evangelical family – molested several underage girls in 2006. In August, a data leak of the extra-marital affair website Ashley Madison revealed that Josh Duggar had been a user, actively cheating on his wife Anna. Media events like the Duggar scandal are narrated in social media through the use of symbols, such as memes and Instagram photos. This study analyzed the crisis response using Symbolic Convergence Theory (SCT) to shed light on the social media practices used in reputation management, specifically among religious celebrities. The researchers used fantasy theme analysis to reveal the shared rhetorical vision of the event as it progressed through different crisis communication phases.
{"title":"Symbolic Convergence in the 2015 Duggar Scandal Crisis Communication","authors":"Mildred F. Perreault, G. Perreault","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2019.1678945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2019.1678945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In May 2015, a crisis erupted for the Duggar family from the TLC reality show “19 Kids and Counting” after InTouch Magazine published an article detailing how Josh Duggar – the eldest son in the well-known evangelical family – molested several underage girls in 2006. In August, a data leak of the extra-marital affair website Ashley Madison revealed that Josh Duggar had been a user, actively cheating on his wife Anna. Media events like the Duggar scandal are narrated in social media through the use of symbols, such as memes and Instagram photos. This study analyzed the crisis response using Symbolic Convergence Theory (SCT) to shed light on the social media practices used in reputation management, specifically among religious celebrities. The researchers used fantasy theme analysis to reveal the shared rhetorical vision of the event as it progressed through different crisis communication phases.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"14 1","pages":"85 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75101792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2019.1678944
Sean Baker, K. Lauffer
ABSTRACT In 2016, the District of Columbia passed the Death with Dignity Act, allowing physicians to prescribe a lethal dose of medicine to terminally ill patients. A framing analysis of religious and secular media coverage of the passing of the medical aid-in-dying bill was conducted. Four frames were found in the coverage: Preserving Rights, Culture War, Potential for Abuse, and Good Death vs. Bad Death. It was apparent that religious papers focused on the impact of the Death with Dignity Act by emphasizing potential problems for disadvantaged people and the expansion of the act to people who do not have a terminal illness. Positioning the act within culture as an attack on divine destiny created news frames that were based on the morality of the act. Assisted death violates divine “law” and potential problems with the act exaggerates this problem. Secular news was more balanced in the coverage.
{"title":"DC-Based Religious and Secular Media Coverage of the District’s Death with Dignity Act","authors":"Sean Baker, K. Lauffer","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2019.1678944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2019.1678944","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2016, the District of Columbia passed the Death with Dignity Act, allowing physicians to prescribe a lethal dose of medicine to terminally ill patients. A framing analysis of religious and secular media coverage of the passing of the medical aid-in-dying bill was conducted. Four frames were found in the coverage: Preserving Rights, Culture War, Potential for Abuse, and Good Death vs. Bad Death. It was apparent that religious papers focused on the impact of the Death with Dignity Act by emphasizing potential problems for disadvantaged people and the expansion of the act to people who do not have a terminal illness. Positioning the act within culture as an attack on divine destiny created news frames that were based on the morality of the act. Assisted death violates divine “law” and potential problems with the act exaggerates this problem. Secular news was more balanced in the coverage.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"26 1","pages":"75 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82104947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2019.1678946
Marie-Therese Mäder, María T. Soto-Sanfiel
ABSTRACT The article presents a semio-pragmatic analysis conbined with an audience study to examine how religion can be communicated through documentaries. The research considers the extent to which cultural differences impact the reception process. A semio-pragmatic analysis was applied to a documentary about Mormons. Subsequently, a reception study was conducted with undergraduate participants from Spain and Switzerland. These participants watched an extract from the documentary and completed questionnaires about values perceived, and their opinions and attitudes about it. In a second study, the process was repeated with a documentary about Muslims, and with similar participants. The results show that (1) the semio-pragmatic analysis is an effective tool for understanding how religion is mediatized in documentaries and (2) the perceived values, attitudes and opinions for both documentaries differ significantly according to the cultural context in which they are received.
{"title":"“We Are Open-Minded, Tolerant, and Care for Other People”: Comparing Audience Responses to Religion in Documentaries","authors":"Marie-Therese Mäder, María T. Soto-Sanfiel","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2019.1678946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2019.1678946","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article presents a semio-pragmatic analysis conbined with an audience study to examine how religion can be communicated through documentaries. The research considers the extent to which cultural differences impact the reception process. A semio-pragmatic analysis was applied to a documentary about Mormons. Subsequently, a reception study was conducted with undergraduate participants from Spain and Switzerland. These participants watched an extract from the documentary and completed questionnaires about values perceived, and their opinions and attitudes about it. In a second study, the process was repeated with a documentary about Muslims, and with similar participants. The results show that (1) the semio-pragmatic analysis is an effective tool for understanding how religion is mediatized in documentaries and (2) the perceived values, attitudes and opinions for both documentaries differ significantly according to the cultural context in which they are received.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"8 1","pages":"114 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73555049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15348423.2019.1651574
Mariam F. Alkazemi
ABSTRACT The current study applies the spiral of silence effect to explore the role of media exposure on tolerance for disagreement about religion. Survey data were collected from students at a large Southeastern university in February 2014. Participants self-reported data were used to measure religiosity, media exposure and tolerance for disagreement about religion. The results reveal three underlying measures in the tolerance for disagreement about religion: comfort, escalation and intellect. Further, the results suggest that Internet use correlates negatively with the intellectual component of tolerance for disagreement about religion, while radio listening correlates positively with the escalation component of tolerance for disagreement about religion. Thus, the article expands understanding of the spiral of silence theory relative to the media – religion interface.
{"title":"Inner Peace or Piece of Mind? Religiosity, Media Exposure and Tolerance for Disagreement about Religion","authors":"Mariam F. Alkazemi","doi":"10.1080/15348423.2019.1651574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2019.1651574","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study applies the spiral of silence effect to explore the role of media exposure on tolerance for disagreement about religion. Survey data were collected from students at a large Southeastern university in February 2014. Participants self-reported data were used to measure religiosity, media exposure and tolerance for disagreement about religion. The results reveal three underlying measures in the tolerance for disagreement about religion: comfort, escalation and intellect. Further, the results suggest that Internet use correlates negatively with the intellectual component of tolerance for disagreement about religion, while radio listening correlates positively with the escalation component of tolerance for disagreement about religion. Thus, the article expands understanding of the spiral of silence theory relative to the media – religion interface.","PeriodicalId":55954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media and Religion","volume":"25 1","pages":"39 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79614162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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