Veronica Escobar Olivo, Morgan Poteet, Giovanni Carranza-Hernandez, J. Jimenez
Abstract:This article explores the experience of 1.5 and second-generation Central American women growing up and living in Canada. Specifically, the study explores the gendered expectations of caring and the impact of culture and social context in shaping the roles of Central American daughters within their families and community. Based on twelve one-on-one interviews with female participants, the findings revealed that Central American women's upbringings emphasized the importance of family and that mothers played a significant role in their daughters' lives. Further, participants expressed that they were often confronted with complex family histories of intergenerational trauma and a disproportionate expectation for caregiving. Participants shared that they were often expected to take on a caregiver role to all family members with implications for their personal lives. While Canadian-raised daughters were aware of the gendered practice and emotional impact of caretaking, they remained committed to their familial obligation.Résumé:Cet article examine les expériences de femmes centraméricaines appartenant aux 'générations 1.5 et 2' de grandir et vivre au Canada. L'article s'inscrit dans une étude de recherche explorant les attentes sexospécifiques liées aux tâches de prestation de soins et l'influence de la culture et du contexte social sur les rôles attribués aux filles d'Amérique centrale au sein de leur famille et de leur communauté. Sur la base d'entretiens individuels avec douze femmes, les principales conclusions révèlent l'accent mis sur la famille dans l'éducation des filles d'Amérique centrale et le rôle central que les mères jouent dans la vie de leurs filles. Les participantes ont rapporté des antécédents familiaux complexes de traumatismes intergénérationnels ainsi que des responsabilités disproportionnées en ce qui concerne la prestation de soins. Elles ont raconté qu'on s'attend souvent à ce qu'elles assument un rôle de soignant auprès de tous les membres de la famille, dont les effets se font sentir dans leur vie personnelle. Bien que conscientes de la logique genrée qui sous-tend les attentes autour de la prestation de soins et des impacts émotionnels associés, les participantes à cette étude restaient attachées à leurs obligations familiales.
{"title":"Our Daughters: Central American Women, Intergenerational Trauma, and the Gender of Caring","authors":"Veronica Escobar Olivo, Morgan Poteet, Giovanni Carranza-Hernandez, J. Jimenez","doi":"10.1353/ces.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores the experience of 1.5 and second-generation Central American women growing up and living in Canada. Specifically, the study explores the gendered expectations of caring and the impact of culture and social context in shaping the roles of Central American daughters within their families and community. Based on twelve one-on-one interviews with female participants, the findings revealed that Central American women's upbringings emphasized the importance of family and that mothers played a significant role in their daughters' lives. Further, participants expressed that they were often confronted with complex family histories of intergenerational trauma and a disproportionate expectation for caregiving. Participants shared that they were often expected to take on a caregiver role to all family members with implications for their personal lives. While Canadian-raised daughters were aware of the gendered practice and emotional impact of caretaking, they remained committed to their familial obligation.Résumé:Cet article examine les expériences de femmes centraméricaines appartenant aux 'générations 1.5 et 2' de grandir et vivre au Canada. L'article s'inscrit dans une étude de recherche explorant les attentes sexospécifiques liées aux tâches de prestation de soins et l'influence de la culture et du contexte social sur les rôles attribués aux filles d'Amérique centrale au sein de leur famille et de leur communauté. Sur la base d'entretiens individuels avec douze femmes, les principales conclusions révèlent l'accent mis sur la famille dans l'éducation des filles d'Amérique centrale et le rôle central que les mères jouent dans la vie de leurs filles. Les participantes ont rapporté des antécédents familiaux complexes de traumatismes intergénérationnels ainsi que des responsabilités disproportionnées en ce qui concerne la prestation de soins. Elles ont raconté qu'on s'attend souvent à ce qu'elles assument un rôle de soignant auprès de tous les membres de la famille, dont les effets se font sentir dans leur vie personnelle. Bien que conscientes de la logique genrée qui sous-tend les attentes autour de la prestation de soins et des impacts émotionnels associés, les participantes à cette étude restaient attachées à leurs obligations familiales.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"55 1","pages":"25 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Toronto has historically been an important destination for immigrants, who have settled in diverse and often well-delineated urban neighborhoods, often establishing their own ethno-cultural organizations. This study explores the structure and functioning of Portuguese community organizations and their role in facilitating cultural preservation and adaptation among immigrants and their descendants. Questionnaire surveys revealed that Portuguese organizations provide culturally oriented services including social, cultural, and educational activities. Many played a key role in facilitating the social-cultural transition from voluntary segregation during settlement and community formation from the 1950s to the 1970s, and continue to help community members adapt to their new society by helping them find housing and employment.This study also revealed the need for more research on community organizations that facilitate cultural preservation and social mobility. Few studies have explored ethnocultural organizations outside Canada's major urban centres; this lack of comparative research is remarkable given the recent trend of immigrants bypassing Canada's inner cities and settling directly in the suburbs or in small-and mid-size cities. Overall, the integration experiences of new immigrants present opportunities and challenges, and government policy must focus on reducing the challenges faced by many ethno-cultural organizations as they try to serve new immigrants.Résumé:Toronto a historiquement été une destination importante pour les immigrants, qui se sont installés dans des quartiers urbains divers et souvent bien délimités, établissant souvent leurs propres organisations ethnoculturelles. Cette étude explore la structure et le fonctionnement des organismes communautaires portugais et leur rôle dans la préservation et l'adaptation culturelles des immigrants et de leurs descendants. Les questionnaires de sondages ont révélé que les organisations portugaises fournissent des services à orientation culturelle, notamment des activités sociales, culturelles et éducatives. Beaucoup d'entre elles ont joué un rôle clé en facilitant la transition socioculturelle de la ségrégation volontaire pendant l'installation et la formation de la communauté des années 1950 aux années 1970, et continuent d'aider les membres de la communauté à s'adapter à leur nouvelle société en les aidant à trouver un logement et un emploi.Cette étude a également révélé la nécessité de mener davantage de recherches sur les organisations communautaires qui facilitent la préservation culturelle et la mobilité sociale. Peu d'études ont exploré les organismes ethnoculturels à l'extérieur des grands centres urbains du Canada ; ce manque de recherche comparative est remarquable compte tenu de la tendance récente des immigrants à contourner les centres-villes du Canada et à s'établir directement dans les banlieues ou dans les petites et moyennes villes. Dans l'ensemble, les expériences
{"title":"Ethno-cultural Organizations in Changing Social Landscapes: A Case Study of Portuguese Organizations in Toronto","authors":"Sara Isabel Vieira, Carlos Teixeira","doi":"10.1353/ces.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Toronto has historically been an important destination for immigrants, who have settled in diverse and often well-delineated urban neighborhoods, often establishing their own ethno-cultural organizations. This study explores the structure and functioning of Portuguese community organizations and their role in facilitating cultural preservation and adaptation among immigrants and their descendants. Questionnaire surveys revealed that Portuguese organizations provide culturally oriented services including social, cultural, and educational activities. Many played a key role in facilitating the social-cultural transition from voluntary segregation during settlement and community formation from the 1950s to the 1970s, and continue to help community members adapt to their new society by helping them find housing and employment.This study also revealed the need for more research on community organizations that facilitate cultural preservation and social mobility. Few studies have explored ethnocultural organizations outside Canada's major urban centres; this lack of comparative research is remarkable given the recent trend of immigrants bypassing Canada's inner cities and settling directly in the suburbs or in small-and mid-size cities. Overall, the integration experiences of new immigrants present opportunities and challenges, and government policy must focus on reducing the challenges faced by many ethno-cultural organizations as they try to serve new immigrants.Résumé:Toronto a historiquement été une destination importante pour les immigrants, qui se sont installés dans des quartiers urbains divers et souvent bien délimités, établissant souvent leurs propres organisations ethnoculturelles. Cette étude explore la structure et le fonctionnement des organismes communautaires portugais et leur rôle dans la préservation et l'adaptation culturelles des immigrants et de leurs descendants. Les questionnaires de sondages ont révélé que les organisations portugaises fournissent des services à orientation culturelle, notamment des activités sociales, culturelles et éducatives. Beaucoup d'entre elles ont joué un rôle clé en facilitant la transition socioculturelle de la ségrégation volontaire pendant l'installation et la formation de la communauté des années 1950 aux années 1970, et continuent d'aider les membres de la communauté à s'adapter à leur nouvelle société en les aidant à trouver un logement et un emploi.Cette étude a également révélé la nécessité de mener davantage de recherches sur les organisations communautaires qui facilitent la préservation culturelle et la mobilité sociale. Peu d'études ont exploré les organismes ethnoculturels à l'extérieur des grands centres urbains du Canada ; ce manque de recherche comparative est remarquable compte tenu de la tendance récente des immigrants à contourner les centres-villes du Canada et à s'établir directement dans les banlieues ou dans les petites et moyennes villes. Dans l'ensemble, les expériences ","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"55 1","pages":"47 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Racial Mosaic: A Prehistory of Canadian Multiculturalism by Daniel R. Meister (review)","authors":"A. Fleras","doi":"10.1353/ces.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"55 1","pages":"153 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45156444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The objective of the present article is to show how the social network plays different support roles in Quebec immigrants' socio-professional integration. Based on Tardy's (1985) theoretical framework and a qualitative methodology, namely life narratives, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 immigrants to map their social network and its impact on their integration process. The multifaceted model proposed by Tardy (1985) has the advantage of explaining the different functions performed by the social support provided by the entourage and thus makes it possible to better understand how to support the newcomer in question. The results of this research are as follows: First, the integration process happened through interaction with other people, as observed by some previous researchers. The second finding is that according to Tardy's model (1985), immigrants can benefit from many types of social support, including emotional, instrumental, and informational support. Our third finding was related to appraisal support, and it represents one of the essential contributions of our article because it has allowed us to highlight how pre-migratory networks (families and transnational links) and post-migratory networks (friends and associations) guided participants' decisions. However, despite the multiple resources immigrants seem to benefit from, this article supports the need for a number of actors to play a role in supporting their integration. Meanwhile, governments and host communities still have a role to play in such a transition.Résumé:L'objectif du présent article est de mettre en évidence comment le réseau social joue différents rôles de soutien dans l'intégration socioprofessionnelle des immigrants québécois. En se basant sur le cadre théorique de Tardy (1985) emprunté aux sciences de l'éducation, et une méthodologie qualitative utilisant les récits de vie, des entretiens ont été réalisés auprès de 15 immigrants pour dresser le portrait de leur réseau social et son impact sur le processus d'intégration. Ce modèle multidimensionnel de Tardy (1985) a l'avantage d'expliquer les différentes fonctions de soutien remplies par l'entourage, permettant ainsi de mieux comprendre comment soutenir un nouvel immigrant. Les résultats de notre recherche sont les suivants : Premièrement, le processus d'intégration repose sur diverses interactions comme l'ont observé plusieurs chercheurs. Le deuxième constat est que selon le modèle de Tardy (1985), les immigrants peuvent bénéficier de plusieurs types de soutien social, notamment le soutien émotionnel, instrumental et informationnel. Mais ce dernier contrairement à certains auteurs (Arcand et al. 2009) a un impact crucial et positif sur l'intégration. Il s'agit là d'une contribution essentielle. Notre troisième constat est lié au soutien évaluatif, et il représente l'autre contribution essentielle de notre article car il permet de mettre en évidence comment les réseaux pré-migratoires (familles
摘要:本文旨在揭示社会网络对魁北克移民社会职业融合的不同支持作用。基于Tardy(1985)的理论框架和定性方法，即生活叙事，对15名移民进行了半结构化访谈，以绘制他们的社会网络及其对融入过程的影响。Tardy(1985)提出的多面模型的优点是可以解释随行人员提供的社会支持所发挥的不同功能，从而可以更好地理解如何支持所讨论的新人。本研究的结果如下:第一，整合过程是通过与他人的互动发生的，正如之前一些研究者所观察到的那样。第二个发现是，根据Tardy的模型(1985)，移民可以从多种类型的社会支持中受益，包括情感、工具和信息支持。我们的第三个发现与评估支持有关，它代表了我们文章的重要贡献之一，因为它使我们能够强调迁移前网络(家庭和跨国联系)和迁移后网络(朋友和协会)如何指导参与者的决定。然而，尽管移民似乎可以从多种资源中受益，但本文支持需要许多参与者在支持他们的整合中发挥作用。与此同时，政府和收容社区在这种转变中仍然可以发挥作用。3 .汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源:汇源En se basant sur le cadre of the samorique de Tardy (1985)， e e est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est。迪·塔迪(1985)的《多维度分析》(multi - dimensionnel de Tardy)认为，不同的移居者具有不同的移居功能，这与移居者的随行性、渗透性以及移居者对移居者的综合评价是一致的。在不同的相互作用下，通过不同的相互作用，我们可以观察到不同的变化，因此，我们可以观察到不同的变化。1985年，《移民与社会的交换》，《移民与社会的交换》，《交换与社会的交换》，《交换与社会的交换》，《交换与社会的交换》，《交换与社会的交换》。在某些情况下(Arcand等人，2009年)，大多数情况下，对数据交换的影响是至关重要的。这是一项重要的贡献。诺第三constat est谎言盟soutien evaluatif等il represente上次贡献essentielle德诺汽车il可以把一条证据评论les reseaux pre-migratoires(虽然et留置权transnationaux)等post-migratoires (ami et协会)他们指导莱斯决定des参与者在突起d 'integration。因此，恶性循环的多重资源不会使移民变得像个废物处理者，而维持多重资源的行为者会使政府和社区的移民变得像个废物处理者，而不像政府和社区的移民那样容易受到污染。
{"title":"The Different Types of Social Support in Quebec Immigrants' Socio-Professional Integration Process","authors":"M. Dioh, K. Tardif-Grenier, Omar Ndoye","doi":"10.1353/ces.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The objective of the present article is to show how the social network plays different support roles in Quebec immigrants' socio-professional integration. Based on Tardy's (1985) theoretical framework and a qualitative methodology, namely life narratives, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 immigrants to map their social network and its impact on their integration process. The multifaceted model proposed by Tardy (1985) has the advantage of explaining the different functions performed by the social support provided by the entourage and thus makes it possible to better understand how to support the newcomer in question. The results of this research are as follows: First, the integration process happened through interaction with other people, as observed by some previous researchers. The second finding is that according to Tardy's model (1985), immigrants can benefit from many types of social support, including emotional, instrumental, and informational support. Our third finding was related to appraisal support, and it represents one of the essential contributions of our article because it has allowed us to highlight how pre-migratory networks (families and transnational links) and post-migratory networks (friends and associations) guided participants' decisions. However, despite the multiple resources immigrants seem to benefit from, this article supports the need for a number of actors to play a role in supporting their integration. Meanwhile, governments and host communities still have a role to play in such a transition.Résumé:L'objectif du présent article est de mettre en évidence comment le réseau social joue différents rôles de soutien dans l'intégration socioprofessionnelle des immigrants québécois. En se basant sur le cadre théorique de Tardy (1985) emprunté aux sciences de l'éducation, et une méthodologie qualitative utilisant les récits de vie, des entretiens ont été réalisés auprès de 15 immigrants pour dresser le portrait de leur réseau social et son impact sur le processus d'intégration. Ce modèle multidimensionnel de Tardy (1985) a l'avantage d'expliquer les différentes fonctions de soutien remplies par l'entourage, permettant ainsi de mieux comprendre comment soutenir un nouvel immigrant. Les résultats de notre recherche sont les suivants : Premièrement, le processus d'intégration repose sur diverses interactions comme l'ont observé plusieurs chercheurs. Le deuxième constat est que selon le modèle de Tardy (1985), les immigrants peuvent bénéficier de plusieurs types de soutien social, notamment le soutien émotionnel, instrumental et informationnel. Mais ce dernier contrairement à certains auteurs (Arcand et al. 2009) a un impact crucial et positif sur l'intégration. Il s'agit là d'une contribution essentielle. Notre troisième constat est lié au soutien évaluatif, et il représente l'autre contribution essentielle de notre article car il permet de mettre en évidence comment les réseaux pré-migratoires (familles","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"55 1","pages":"81 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42420752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In Canada, the meatpacking industry relies heavily on a workforce comprised of racialized migrants and immigrants, many of whom are former refugees. In the spring of 2020, the industry saw devastating COVID-19 outbreaks leading to hundreds of infections, numerous fatalities and plant closures in Southern Alberta. Based on findings from a community-university research partnership, the intersections of immigration status and the conditions of work faced by im/migrant-refugee workers are analyzed in the Alberta meatpacking industry. Drawing on 225 survey responses and 17 qualitative interviews with im/migrant and refugee workers, the concept of ‘intentional precarity’ is advanced to explore the strategies that the industry uses to maintain a docile workforce. This paper makes three contributions. First, we present original accounts of the 2020 COVID-19 outbreaks in Canadian meatpacking from the perspective of im/migrant workers; second, we demonstrate that im/migrant workers are not just autonomous labourers, but rather people embedded in caring and kin networks that are both local and transnational; and third, we unpack the fraught relationship between im/migrant workers, their families and the dirty, difficult, dangerous (3D) – and, during COVID-19, deadly – work environments. We argue that families act as a buffer against 3D work by offering protection and assistance in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 outbreaks in slaughterhouses. Yet, obligations to support family are also often the primary reason for workers to take jobs in meatpacking in the first place.Résumé:Au Canada, l’industrie de conditionnement de la viande dépend fortement d’une main-d’œuvre composée d’immigrés et d’immigrants racialisés, dont beaucoup sont d’anciens réfugiés. Au print-emps 2020, l’industrie a connu des épidémies dévastatrices de COVID-19 qui ont entraîné des centaines d’infections, de nombreux décès et la fermeture d’usines dans le sud de l’Alberta. Sur la base des résultats d’un partenariat de recherche communauté-université, les intersections entre le statut d’immigration et les conditions de travail auxquelles sont confrontés les travailleurs immigrés-réfugiés sont analysées dans l’industrie de conditionnement de la viande en Alberta. À partir de 225 réponses à un sondage et de 17 entrevues qualitatives avec des travailleurs immigrants, immigrés et réfugiés, le concept de “ précarité intentionnelle “ est avancé pour explorer les stratégies utilisées par l’industrie pour maintenir une main-d’œuvre docile. Cet article apporte trois contributions. Premièrement, nous présentons des comptes-rendus originaux des épidémies de COVID-19 de 2020 dans l’industrie canadienne de conditionnement de la viande du point de vue des travailleurs immigrés et migrants ; deuxièmement, nous démontrons que les travailleurs immigrés et migrants ne sont pas seulement des travailleurs autonomes, mais plutôt des personnes intégrées dans des réseaux de soins et de parenté à la f
{"title":"Family Matters: Navigating the Intentional Precarity of Racialized Migrant and Refugee Workers in Canadian Meatpacking","authors":"Bronwyn Bragg, J. Hyndman","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Canada, the meatpacking industry relies heavily on a workforce comprised of racialized migrants and immigrants, many of whom are former refugees. In the spring of 2020, the industry saw devastating COVID-19 outbreaks leading to hundreds of infections, numerous fatalities and plant closures in Southern Alberta. Based on findings from a community-university research partnership, the intersections of immigration status and the conditions of work faced by im/migrant-refugee workers are analyzed in the Alberta meatpacking industry. Drawing on 225 survey responses and 17 qualitative interviews with im/migrant and refugee workers, the concept of ‘intentional precarity’ is advanced to explore the strategies that the industry uses to maintain a docile workforce. This paper makes three contributions. First, we present original accounts of the 2020 COVID-19 outbreaks in Canadian meatpacking from the perspective of im/migrant workers; second, we demonstrate that im/migrant workers are not just autonomous labourers, but rather people embedded in caring and kin networks that are both local and transnational; and third, we unpack the fraught relationship between im/migrant workers, their families and the dirty, difficult, dangerous (3D) – and, during COVID-19, deadly – work environments. We argue that families act as a buffer against 3D work by offering protection and assistance in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 outbreaks in slaughterhouses. Yet, obligations to support family are also often the primary reason for workers to take jobs in meatpacking in the first place.Résumé:Au Canada, l’industrie de conditionnement de la viande dépend fortement d’une main-d’œuvre composée d’immigrés et d’immigrants racialisés, dont beaucoup sont d’anciens réfugiés. Au print-emps 2020, l’industrie a connu des épidémies dévastatrices de COVID-19 qui ont entraîné des centaines d’infections, de nombreux décès et la fermeture d’usines dans le sud de l’Alberta. Sur la base des résultats d’un partenariat de recherche communauté-université, les intersections entre le statut d’immigration et les conditions de travail auxquelles sont confrontés les travailleurs immigrés-réfugiés sont analysées dans l’industrie de conditionnement de la viande en Alberta. À partir de 225 réponses à un sondage et de 17 entrevues qualitatives avec des travailleurs immigrants, immigrés et réfugiés, le concept de “ précarité intentionnelle “ est avancé pour explorer les stratégies utilisées par l’industrie pour maintenir une main-d’œuvre docile. Cet article apporte trois contributions. Premièrement, nous présentons des comptes-rendus originaux des épidémies de COVID-19 de 2020 dans l’industrie canadienne de conditionnement de la viande du point de vue des travailleurs immigrés et migrants ; deuxièmement, nous démontrons que les travailleurs immigrés et migrants ne sont pas seulement des travailleurs autonomes, mais plutôt des personnes intégrées dans des réseaux de soins et de parenté à la f","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"31 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The site of “one of the world’s strictest and longest running stay-at-home mandates,” lockdowns in Ontario have become a source of contention within provincial public discourse, often understood as restrictive, exhausting, and detestable. Amongst this, however, there exists a group of Ontarians for whom staying-at-home is conversely perceived as liberating and restorative – a group (n=29) of Somali Canadian mothers. Twenty-nine (n=29) individual interviews with Ottawa-based Somali mothers revealed a converging reality which diverges significantly from dominant public opinion: rather than restrictive and isolating, lockdowns are perceived by these women as liberative and restorative, for they offer a prolonged respite from the anti-Black racism and Islamophobia negotiated in settler colonial space. The locked down Somali home provides its doubly racialized (Black, Muslim) inhabitants the room to exist without consequence, in part by forging physical and psychic distance between Somali mothers, their kin, and the daily navigations of anti-Black and Islamophobic subordination. This paper engages a Black feminist lens to critically consider how mothers contend – in-house – with the marginalization their Black Muslim children negotiate in urban public space. By leaning on the Somali mothers’ perceptions of lockdown, this work wages the salient argument that, for certain marginalized groups in settler colonial societies, private space provides considerably more liberation relative to their public counterpart. The first of its kind to read lockdowns-as-liberative and restorative, this article contributes to Black feminist sociology, Black Canadian geographies, as well as Somali diasporic studies writ large.Résumé:Le site de «l’un des mandats de maintien à la maison les plus stricts et les plus longs au monde», les confinements en Ontario sont devenus une source de discorde dans le discours public provincial – souvent compris comme restrictifs, épuisants et détestables. Cependant, au sein de ce groupe, il existe un groupe d’Ontariennes pour qui ces mandats étaient perçus comme libèrent et réparatrif – un groupe (n=29) de mères Somaliennes canadiennes. Des entretiens individuels avec vingt-neuf mères Somaliennes ont révélé une réalité convergente qui s’écarte significativement de l’opinion publique dominante: plutôt que restrictives et isolantes, les confinements sont perçus par ces femmes comme libératrices et réparatrices, car elles offrent un répit prolongé loin de la Négrophobie (le racisme anti-noir) et l’Islamophobie négociés dans une société coloniale. La maison Somalienne enfermé offre à ses habitants doublement racialisés (noir, Musulman) la possibilité d’exister sans conséquence, car ils forgent une distance physique et psychique entre eux et les navigations quotidiennes de la subordination Négrophobie et Islamophobie. Cet article engage une lentille féministe noire pour examiner de manière critique comment les mères contestent – dans l
{"title":"How They Learned to Stop Worrying and Love (the) Restrictions? Reimagining COVID-19 Lockdowns-as-Liberative and Restorative:","authors":"Ismahan Yusuf","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The site of “one of the world’s strictest and longest running stay-at-home mandates,” lockdowns in Ontario have become a source of contention within provincial public discourse, often understood as restrictive, exhausting, and detestable. Amongst this, however, there exists a group of Ontarians for whom staying-at-home is conversely perceived as liberating and restorative – a group (n=29) of Somali Canadian mothers. Twenty-nine (n=29) individual interviews with Ottawa-based Somali mothers revealed a converging reality which diverges significantly from dominant public opinion: rather than restrictive and isolating, lockdowns are perceived by these women as liberative and restorative, for they offer a prolonged respite from the anti-Black racism and Islamophobia negotiated in settler colonial space. The locked down Somali home provides its doubly racialized (Black, Muslim) inhabitants the room to exist without consequence, in part by forging physical and psychic distance between Somali mothers, their kin, and the daily navigations of anti-Black and Islamophobic subordination. This paper engages a Black feminist lens to critically consider how mothers contend – in-house – with the marginalization their Black Muslim children negotiate in urban public space. By leaning on the Somali mothers’ perceptions of lockdown, this work wages the salient argument that, for certain marginalized groups in settler colonial societies, private space provides considerably more liberation relative to their public counterpart. The first of its kind to read lockdowns-as-liberative and restorative, this article contributes to Black feminist sociology, Black Canadian geographies, as well as Somali diasporic studies writ large.Résumé:Le site de «l’un des mandats de maintien à la maison les plus stricts et les plus longs au monde», les confinements en Ontario sont devenus une source de discorde dans le discours public provincial – souvent compris comme restrictifs, épuisants et détestables. Cependant, au sein de ce groupe, il existe un groupe d’Ontariennes pour qui ces mandats étaient perçus comme libèrent et réparatrif – un groupe (n=29) de mères Somaliennes canadiennes. Des entretiens individuels avec vingt-neuf mères Somaliennes ont révélé une réalité convergente qui s’écarte significativement de l’opinion publique dominante: plutôt que restrictives et isolantes, les confinements sont perçus par ces femmes comme libératrices et réparatrices, car elles offrent un répit prolongé loin de la Négrophobie (le racisme anti-noir) et l’Islamophobie négociés dans une société coloniale. La maison Somalienne enfermé offre à ses habitants doublement racialisés (noir, Musulman) la possibilité d’exister sans conséquence, car ils forgent une distance physique et psychique entre eux et les navigations quotidiennes de la subordination Négrophobie et Islamophobie. Cet article engage une lentille féministe noire pour examiner de manière critique comment les mères contestent – dans l","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"109 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Canada and across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified many existing underlying inequities including racial injustices and gender-based discriminations (Banerjee, Khandelwal and Sanyal 2022; Hamilton, Esses and Walton-Roberts 2022; Özkazanç Pan and Pullen 2020). Racialized refugees and immigrant families in Canada were especially vulnerable to the marginalizing social outcomes of the pandemic (Banerjee, Chacko and Korsha 2022; Lightman 2022). For instance, during the pandemic, hate crimes against Asian and Muslim immigrants and refugees have been at an all-time high in Canada (Aziz 2022; Balintec 2022); college-educated immigrant women have experienced the highest rates of unemployment (Ferrer and Momani 2020); immigrant careworkers of colour have died at disproportionally high rates (Lightman 2022); and refugee families have experienced prolonged family separations, barriers to health care and higher rates of domestic violence (Hamilton et al. 2022). Over the last three years, scholars across disciplines have documented the deepseated inequities that have been further exposed during the pandemic across the globe. The pandemic also exacerbated class and caste-based, gender and racial inequities. There was a rise in the gender gap in employment (Hertz, Mattes and Shook 2021), gender pay gaps among healthcare workers (WHO 2022), and domestic violence (Piquero et al. 2021). As the papers in our Special Issue will show, and as critical feminist researchers have shown over and over again, these pandemic-related inequities increased manifold when gender intersected with race. Intersectionality, as a theoretical orientation embedded in Black Feminist Thought (Collins 2002; Crenshaw 1991; Glenn 2011), provided the tools to “problematize static, homogenizing categories and analyze how power is situated within multiple shifting identities
{"title":"Pandemic Perspectives: Racialized and Gendered Experiences of Refugee and Immigrant Families in Canada","authors":"P. Banerjee, C. Thomas","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"In Canada and across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified many existing underlying inequities including racial injustices and gender-based discriminations (Banerjee, Khandelwal and Sanyal 2022; Hamilton, Esses and Walton-Roberts 2022; Özkazanç Pan and Pullen 2020). Racialized refugees and immigrant families in Canada were especially vulnerable to the marginalizing social outcomes of the pandemic (Banerjee, Chacko and Korsha 2022; Lightman 2022). For instance, during the pandemic, hate crimes against Asian and Muslim immigrants and refugees have been at an all-time high in Canada (Aziz 2022; Balintec 2022); college-educated immigrant women have experienced the highest rates of unemployment (Ferrer and Momani 2020); immigrant careworkers of colour have died at disproportionally high rates (Lightman 2022); and refugee families have experienced prolonged family separations, barriers to health care and higher rates of domestic violence (Hamilton et al. 2022). Over the last three years, scholars across disciplines have documented the deepseated inequities that have been further exposed during the pandemic across the globe. The pandemic also exacerbated class and caste-based, gender and racial inequities. There was a rise in the gender gap in employment (Hertz, Mattes and Shook 2021), gender pay gaps among healthcare workers (WHO 2022), and domestic violence (Piquero et al. 2021). As the papers in our Special Issue will show, and as critical feminist researchers have shown over and over again, these pandemic-related inequities increased manifold when gender intersected with race. Intersectionality, as a theoretical orientation embedded in Black Feminist Thought (Collins 2002; Crenshaw 1991; Glenn 2011), provided the tools to “problematize static, homogenizing categories and analyze how power is situated within multiple shifting identities","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47009316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasmine Thomas, Murlat-Valérie Georges, Sally Ogoe, Avery Hallberg, Nikol Veisman, Lori Wilkinson, Paul Holley, R. Shrestha, Kiera L. Ladner
Abstract:Canada and the United States have long histories of racism that permeate every institution and structure in our societies. While anti-racism movements have gained strength in recent years, we know very little about current rates of discrimination in the two countries or the impact on communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Informed by critical race feminist theory, this paper examines levels of discrimination experienced by survey participants from Canada and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic with a cross-sectional survey conducted during October 2021. We then assessed the broader impact of experiencing discrimination on depressive symptoms using logistic regression analysis. In both Canada and the US, multivariate logistic regression maintained that experiencing discrimination resulted in higher probabilities of reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Other important factors included age, financial insecurity, and comorbid health conditions. Overall findings suggest that Indigenous, Black, and other racialized communities who experienced discrimination reported higher rates of depressive symptoms despite controlling for other factors. From a comparative perspective, discrimination rates were similar in Canada and the US, and had similar proportions across racial/ethnic groups. Discrimination rates did not vary significantly by gender, nor was gender a statistically significant risk factor for depressive symptoms. Further research, including qualitative studies, could fully assess the impact of gender on experiences of racism and depressive symptoms during the pandemic. The paper concludes with policy and public education suggestions to combat racial discrimination and highlights the need for added government action during times of crises.Résumé:Le Canada et les États-Unis ont une longue histoire de racisme qui se retrouve dans toutes les institutions et structures de nos sociétés. Bien que les mouvements antiracistes aient gagné en force ces dernières années, nous savons très peu de choses sur les taux actuels de discrimination dans les deux pays ou sur l’impact sur les communautés pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. S’inspirant de la théorie féministe du racisme critique, cet article examine les niveaux de discrimination subis par les participants du Canada and des États-Unis pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, à l’aide d’une enquête transversale menée en Octobre 2021. Nous avons ensuite évalué l’impact plus large de l’expérience de la discrimination sur les symptômes dépressifs en utilisant une analyse de régression logistique. Au Canada comme aux États-Unis, la régression logistique multivariée a confirmé que le fait d’avoir été victime de discrimination entraînait une probabilité plus élevée de signaler des symptômes dépressifs modérés ou graves. Les autres facteurs importants étaient l’âge, l’insécurité financière et la comorbidité. Les résultats globaux suggèrent que les communautés indigènes, noires et autres c
{"title":"The Role of Financial Insecurity, Racial Discrimination, and Comorbid Health Conditions on Mental Health in Canada and the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Jasmine Thomas, Murlat-Valérie Georges, Sally Ogoe, Avery Hallberg, Nikol Veisman, Lori Wilkinson, Paul Holley, R. Shrestha, Kiera L. Ladner","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Canada and the United States have long histories of racism that permeate every institution and structure in our societies. While anti-racism movements have gained strength in recent years, we know very little about current rates of discrimination in the two countries or the impact on communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Informed by critical race feminist theory, this paper examines levels of discrimination experienced by survey participants from Canada and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic with a cross-sectional survey conducted during October 2021. We then assessed the broader impact of experiencing discrimination on depressive symptoms using logistic regression analysis. In both Canada and the US, multivariate logistic regression maintained that experiencing discrimination resulted in higher probabilities of reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Other important factors included age, financial insecurity, and comorbid health conditions. Overall findings suggest that Indigenous, Black, and other racialized communities who experienced discrimination reported higher rates of depressive symptoms despite controlling for other factors. From a comparative perspective, discrimination rates were similar in Canada and the US, and had similar proportions across racial/ethnic groups. Discrimination rates did not vary significantly by gender, nor was gender a statistically significant risk factor for depressive symptoms. Further research, including qualitative studies, could fully assess the impact of gender on experiences of racism and depressive symptoms during the pandemic. The paper concludes with policy and public education suggestions to combat racial discrimination and highlights the need for added government action during times of crises.Résumé:Le Canada et les États-Unis ont une longue histoire de racisme qui se retrouve dans toutes les institutions et structures de nos sociétés. Bien que les mouvements antiracistes aient gagné en force ces dernières années, nous savons très peu de choses sur les taux actuels de discrimination dans les deux pays ou sur l’impact sur les communautés pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. S’inspirant de la théorie féministe du racisme critique, cet article examine les niveaux de discrimination subis par les participants du Canada and des États-Unis pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, à l’aide d’une enquête transversale menée en Octobre 2021. Nous avons ensuite évalué l’impact plus large de l’expérience de la discrimination sur les symptômes dépressifs en utilisant une analyse de régression logistique. Au Canada comme aux États-Unis, la régression logistique multivariée a confirmé que le fait d’avoir été victime de discrimination entraînait une probabilité plus élevée de signaler des symptômes dépressifs modérés ou graves. Les autres facteurs importants étaient l’âge, l’insécurité financière et la comorbidité. Les résultats globaux suggèrent que les communautés indigènes, noires et autres c","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"177 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie Gordon, Catrine Demers, Rita Chehayeb, A. Macleod
Abstract:Multilingual students, according to the deficit framework of “English language learners,” are at a disadvantage compared to their monolingual peers. This framework fails to recognize the assets that accompany home language development, referred to as Community Cultural Wealth (Yosso 2005). In this study, we asked what do parents of multilingual children identify as barriers and facilitators to supporting their children’s language development before and during COVID-19? Six semi-structured interviews were conducted online with parents of children between 3 and 5 years old who spoke a language other than English at home. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the qualitative method of directed content analysis, employing both inductive and deductive coding to identify themes. We organized these themes according to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) Bioecological Model. Results revealed most barriers and facilitators to children’s multilingual development are at the microsystem level of the family. The themes were related to attitudes and knowledge, English fluency, exposure, resources, and parents’ experiences. Additionally, we found that COVID-19 mostly negatively impacted the child, microsystem, and exosystem. We discuss how these barriers and facilitators are related to the different Capitals of Community Cultural Wealth. Moving forward, this study can contribute to addressing how systems have marginalized families within our community and elevate the knowledge and cultural capital these families offer.Résumé:Les étudiants multilingues, selon le cadre déficitaire des “apprenants de langue seconde,” sont désavantagés par rapport à leurs pairs unilingues. Ce cadre ne reconnaît pas les atouts qui accompagnent le développement de la langue à la maison, appelés la richesse culturelle de la communauté (“Community Cultural Wealth”: Yosso 2005). Dans cette étude, nous avons posé la question suivante : qu’est-ce que les parents d’enfants multilingues considèrent comme des obstacles et des facilitateurs pour soutenir le développement langagier de leurs enfants avant et pendant le COVID-19 ? Six entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées en ligne avec des parents d’enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans parlant une langue autre que l’anglais à la maison. Ces entrevues ont été enregistrées, transcrites et analysées à l’aide de la méthode qualitative d’analyse de contenu, en utilisant un codage inductif et déductif pour identifier les thèmes. Nous avons organisé ces thèmes selon le modèle bioécologique de Bronfenbrenner (1979). Les résultats ont révélé que la plupart des obstacles et des facilitateurs au développement multilingue des enfants se situent au niveau du microsystème de la famille. Les thèmes étaient liés aux attitudes et aux connaissances, à la maîtrise de l’anglais, à l’exposition, aux ressources et aux expériences des parents. De plus, nous avons constaté que la COVID-19 avait surtout un impact négatif sur l’enfant, le microsystème et
{"title":"Parents’ Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Their Children’s Multilingual Language Development Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Natalie Gordon, Catrine Demers, Rita Chehayeb, A. Macleod","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Multilingual students, according to the deficit framework of “English language learners,” are at a disadvantage compared to their monolingual peers. This framework fails to recognize the assets that accompany home language development, referred to as Community Cultural Wealth (Yosso 2005). In this study, we asked what do parents of multilingual children identify as barriers and facilitators to supporting their children’s language development before and during COVID-19? Six semi-structured interviews were conducted online with parents of children between 3 and 5 years old who spoke a language other than English at home. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the qualitative method of directed content analysis, employing both inductive and deductive coding to identify themes. We organized these themes according to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) Bioecological Model. Results revealed most barriers and facilitators to children’s multilingual development are at the microsystem level of the family. The themes were related to attitudes and knowledge, English fluency, exposure, resources, and parents’ experiences. Additionally, we found that COVID-19 mostly negatively impacted the child, microsystem, and exosystem. We discuss how these barriers and facilitators are related to the different Capitals of Community Cultural Wealth. Moving forward, this study can contribute to addressing how systems have marginalized families within our community and elevate the knowledge and cultural capital these families offer.Résumé:Les étudiants multilingues, selon le cadre déficitaire des “apprenants de langue seconde,” sont désavantagés par rapport à leurs pairs unilingues. Ce cadre ne reconnaît pas les atouts qui accompagnent le développement de la langue à la maison, appelés la richesse culturelle de la communauté (“Community Cultural Wealth”: Yosso 2005). Dans cette étude, nous avons posé la question suivante : qu’est-ce que les parents d’enfants multilingues considèrent comme des obstacles et des facilitateurs pour soutenir le développement langagier de leurs enfants avant et pendant le COVID-19 ? Six entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées en ligne avec des parents d’enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans parlant une langue autre que l’anglais à la maison. Ces entrevues ont été enregistrées, transcrites et analysées à l’aide de la méthode qualitative d’analyse de contenu, en utilisant un codage inductif et déductif pour identifier les thèmes. Nous avons organisé ces thèmes selon le modèle bioécologique de Bronfenbrenner (1979). Les résultats ont révélé que la plupart des obstacles et des facilitateurs au développement multilingue des enfants se situent au niveau du microsystème de la famille. Les thèmes étaient liés aux attitudes et aux connaissances, à la maîtrise de l’anglais, à l’exposition, aux ressources et aux expériences des parents. De plus, nous avons constaté que la COVID-19 avait surtout un impact négatif sur l’enfant, le microsystème et ","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"151 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42139369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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