Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2021.1937827
Mariia Onyshchenko, V. Ostroukh, V. Lepetiuk, I. Pidlisetska
ABSTRACT This paper emphasizes the role of cartographic modelling of tourist routes in the Carpathians in the context of the development of tourist mapping. It describes the distinguished features of Transcarpathian and Eastern Carpathian tourist routes as the objects of mapping. These routes are extremely popular among tourists due to their remarkable recreational and touristic value. Tourist map series fulfil the needs of tourists and also form a relevant and promising practical area of modern geographical mapping. We systematise the principles and describe the methodological basis of cartographic modelling of tourist routes in the Carpathians. We particularly detail the peculiarities of the decoration of tourist maps. Our research contributes to the development of the integral system of spatial, visual, complementary, and comparative information about the region's location, conditions, and features of natural, historical, cultural and socio-economic tourist resources.
{"title":"Creation of Tourist Maps Series as a Type of Regional System Tourism Mapping","authors":"Mariia Onyshchenko, V. Ostroukh, V. Lepetiuk, I. Pidlisetska","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2021.1937827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2021.1937827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper emphasizes the role of cartographic modelling of tourist routes in the Carpathians in the context of the development of tourist mapping. It describes the distinguished features of Transcarpathian and Eastern Carpathian tourist routes as the objects of mapping. These routes are extremely popular among tourists due to their remarkable recreational and touristic value. Tourist map series fulfil the needs of tourists and also form a relevant and promising practical area of modern geographical mapping. We systematise the principles and describe the methodological basis of cartographic modelling of tourist routes in the Carpathians. We particularly detail the peculiarities of the decoration of tourist maps. Our research contributes to the development of the integral system of spatial, visual, complementary, and comparative information about the region's location, conditions, and features of natural, historical, cultural and socio-economic tourist resources.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"69 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49537877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2021.1889450
Daniel Beran, K. Jedlička, Kavisha Kumar, S. Popelka, J. Stoter
ABSTRACT 3D cartographic visualization of a continuous time-dependent phenomenon is not an easy task. The focus of this research is motivated by the struggle to visualize such a phenomenon. Based on the current state of the art, we implemented new visualization methods to visualize continuous time-dependent phenomena. All visualizations are based on the use case of road-traffic-generated noise in outdoor urban areas. These visualizations utilize the third dimension of the map scene. The first two methods focus on the variations of the noise in the vertical dimension (i.e. height). The third method is based on the idea of space–time cube and therefore utilizes the time variable as the third dimension. For demonstration purposes, all methods were implemented in an online application. Furthermore, user testing of those applications was conducted. This paper thus describes design, implementation and user evaluation of newly proposed methods for third dimension visualization.
{"title":"The Third Dimension in Noise Visualization – a Design of New Methods for Continuous Phenomenon Visualization","authors":"Daniel Beran, K. Jedlička, Kavisha Kumar, S. Popelka, J. Stoter","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2021.1889450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2021.1889450","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT 3D cartographic visualization of a continuous time-dependent phenomenon is not an easy task. The focus of this research is motivated by the struggle to visualize such a phenomenon. Based on the current state of the art, we implemented new visualization methods to visualize continuous time-dependent phenomena. All visualizations are based on the use case of road-traffic-generated noise in outdoor urban areas. These visualizations utilize the third dimension of the map scene. The first two methods focus on the variations of the noise in the vertical dimension (i.e. height). The third method is based on the idea of space–time cube and therefore utilizes the time variable as the third dimension. For demonstration purposes, all methods were implemented in an online application. Furthermore, user testing of those applications was conducted. This paper thus describes design, implementation and user evaluation of newly proposed methods for third dimension visualization.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2019.1660519
Hua Shi
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the maps of East Asia and Central America drawn by Europeans between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, and illustrates the distinctions in the roles of Europeans in these two civilizations through the investigation of cartographic differences. In the initial stage of Europeans’ entry into East Asia and Central America, the local maps have both the characteristics and techniques of the outsiders and the insiders, reflecting the distinct scene of the encounter of civilizations. In the process of localization, the map system of East Asia deconstructed European cartography, the original purpose of early Europeans entering China was digested by Chinese society, and their role changed from missionary to royal courtier. European cartography deconstructed and colonized the traditional cartography of Central America, which corresponds to the history that Europeans gradually became the rulers of indigenous people in real life.
{"title":"Courtier and Seeing-Man: Differences in Europeans’ Roles in East Asian and Central American Societies as Reflected through Maps","authors":"Hua Shi","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2019.1660519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2019.1660519","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses the maps of East Asia and Central America drawn by Europeans between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, and illustrates the distinctions in the roles of Europeans in these two civilizations through the investigation of cartographic differences. In the initial stage of Europeans’ entry into East Asia and Central America, the local maps have both the characteristics and techniques of the outsiders and the insiders, reflecting the distinct scene of the encounter of civilizations. In the process of localization, the map system of East Asia deconstructed European cartography, the original purpose of early Europeans entering China was digested by Chinese society, and their role changed from missionary to royal courtier. European cartography deconstructed and colonized the traditional cartography of Central America, which corresponds to the history that Europeans gradually became the rulers of indigenous people in real life.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"353 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2019.1660519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41926178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2021.1930678
J. Olcina-Cantos, A. Díez-Herrero
ABSTRACT Flood maps group different types of cartographies related to flooding and the components and variables of flood risk and its mitigation measures. This paper analyses the most important facts in the development of flood mapping in Spain and assesses the current. While 60/2007 EU Directive has been an important step for mapping risk, future developments must: (i) overcome the concept of return period; (ii) incorporate other aspects of the European Directive, basically vulnerability and susceptibility to flooding from rainwater, also the effect of climate change on flood hazards; (iii) include scenarios for the consequences of climate change; (iv) incorporate risk cartography as a key element of ‘green infrastructure’, like tool in spatial planning; (v) Reduce the map representation scale; (vi) incorporate new elements within risk maps to improve emergency management; (vii) improve public-private cooperation; (viii) facilitate the legal use of hazard and risk maps in administrative and court processes.
{"title":"Technical Evolution of Flood Maps Through Spanish Experience in the European Framework","authors":"J. Olcina-Cantos, A. Díez-Herrero","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2021.1930678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2021.1930678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flood maps group different types of cartographies related to flooding and the components and variables of flood risk and its mitigation measures. This paper analyses the most important facts in the development of flood mapping in Spain and assesses the current. While 60/2007 EU Directive has been an important step for mapping risk, future developments must: (i) overcome the concept of return period; (ii) incorporate other aspects of the European Directive, basically vulnerability and susceptibility to flooding from rainwater, also the effect of climate change on flood hazards; (iii) include scenarios for the consequences of climate change; (iv) incorporate risk cartography as a key element of ‘green infrastructure’, like tool in spatial planning; (v) Reduce the map representation scale; (vi) incorporate new elements within risk maps to improve emergency management; (vii) improve public-private cooperation; (viii) facilitate the legal use of hazard and risk maps in administrative and court processes.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"55 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2021.1930678","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1858608
G. Touya
ABSTRACT Cartographic generalization is a process similar to text summarization that transforms a map when scale is reduced. Cartographic generalization simplifies the map content while preserving as much as possible the initial characteristics and spatial relations of the map. The automation of this process requires a deep understanding of the context of each map feature, which involves different criteria such as the shape of the feature, the semantic nature of the feature, or the spatial patterns of its neighbouring features. This is why multiple criteria decision techniques can be relevant during the process. This paper proposes two use cases of cartographic generalization sub-tasks where multiple criteria decision techniques improve past techniques: the classification of urban building blocks and the ordering of the buildings to keep in the map as a priority. In both use cases, the proposed methods are experimented on large real cartographic datasets, and evaluated in comparison to alternative techniques.
{"title":"Multi-Criteria Geographic Analysis for Automated Cartographic Generalization","authors":"G. Touya","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2020.1858608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2020.1858608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cartographic generalization is a process similar to text summarization that transforms a map when scale is reduced. Cartographic generalization simplifies the map content while preserving as much as possible the initial characteristics and spatial relations of the map. The automation of this process requires a deep understanding of the context of each map feature, which involves different criteria such as the shape of the feature, the semantic nature of the feature, or the spatial patterns of its neighbouring features. This is why multiple criteria decision techniques can be relevant during the process. This paper proposes two use cases of cartographic generalization sub-tasks where multiple criteria decision techniques improve past techniques: the classification of urban building blocks and the ordering of the buildings to keep in the map as a priority. In both use cases, the proposed methods are experimented on large real cartographic datasets, and evaluated in comparison to alternative techniques.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"18 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2020.1858608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46650781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2021.1879507
J. L. Cruickshank
ABSTRACT The appearance of late-Soviet military topographic maps was the outcome of a long series of reviews and revisions of preexisting map designs. These generated publicly-available normative documents and teaching manuals. While most topographic maps of Russia have been secret, these detailed supporting documents were openly published for public sale. These documents and manuals are used to describe the evolution of the designs of Soviet topographic maps at scales from 1:25,000 to 1:100,000 from the Revolutions of 1917 to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. The nature of the maps inherited by the Soviet Union from Imperial Russia, and the prototype maps of the 1920s and 30s are described. These are contrasted with these with those of the Great Patriotic War and of the post-war period. The designs of Soviet topographic maps were continually changing, and great contrasts exist between maps made in the USSR at different dates.
{"title":"The Evolution of Soviet Topographic Maps as Revealed by their Published Supporting Documentation","authors":"J. L. Cruickshank","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2021.1879507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2021.1879507","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The appearance of late-Soviet military topographic maps was the outcome of a long series of reviews and revisions of preexisting map designs. These generated publicly-available normative documents and teaching manuals. While most topographic maps of Russia have been secret, these detailed supporting documents were openly published for public sale. These documents and manuals are used to describe the evolution of the designs of Soviet topographic maps at scales from 1:25,000 to 1:100,000 from the Revolutions of 1917 to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. The nature of the maps inherited by the Soviet Union from Imperial Russia, and the prototype maps of the 1920s and 30s are described. These are contrasted with these with those of the Great Patriotic War and of the post-war period. The designs of Soviet topographic maps were continually changing, and great contrasts exist between maps made in the USSR at different dates.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2021.1879507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44314429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1842145
Tomasz Panecki
ABSTRACT The author aims to propose a model digital edition of historic maps using as an example the Gaul/Raczyński map (1807–1812). The digital editions of historic maps elaborated so far vary greatly, from map facsimiles without editorial interference, through georeferenced and mosaicked maps and, finally, to spatial databases. Very rarely they are supplemented with a proper source commentary and editorial work documentation. So far, there has been no edition combining all the above. Thus, the proposed edition connects all those functionalities, illustrating the result with an example of a very interesting nineteenth-century topographical map of part of Greater Poland. It can serve as a starting point for an extensive discussion on the role of historic maps in historical cartography in the digital era.
{"title":"From Historic Cartography to Historical Mapping: Creating a Digital Edition of the Gaul/Raczyński Map of Greater Poland (1807−1812)","authors":"Tomasz Panecki","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2020.1842145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2020.1842145","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The author aims to propose a model digital edition of historic maps using as an example the Gaul/Raczyński map (1807–1812). The digital editions of historic maps elaborated so far vary greatly, from map facsimiles without editorial interference, through georeferenced and mosaicked maps and, finally, to spatial databases. Very rarely they are supplemented with a proper source commentary and editorial work documentation. So far, there has been no edition combining all the above. Thus, the proposed edition connects all those functionalities, illustrating the result with an example of a very interesting nineteenth-century topographical map of part of Greater Poland. It can serve as a starting point for an extensive discussion on the role of historic maps in historical cartography in the digital era.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"233 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2020.1842145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43468866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1852512
Xiao Wang, D. Burghardt
ABSTRACT Map generalization is a process of hierarchically reorganizing features whereby the global shape of the original datasets can be transferred in different scales. We propose a stroke and centrality-based method to hierarchically extract the skeleton structures from buildings aiming to support generalization. Firstly, the strokes are generated from refined proximity graph network. Next, by regarding the strokes as dual graph, three centrality indices are calculated for each stroke whereby an integrated factor is created to measure the importance level of the strokes. Finally, the hierarchical skeleton structures are extracted based on the stroke importance levels through different selection ratios. By classifying the buildings into different categories, different generalization operators are selected considering their characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that the extracted hierarchical skeleton structures can represent the global shape of the entire region. Through this support, the global and local patterns of the original buildings can be both preserved.
{"title":"Hierarchical Extraction of Skeleton Structures from Discrete Buildings","authors":"Xiao Wang, D. Burghardt","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2020.1852512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2020.1852512","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Map generalization is a process of hierarchically reorganizing features whereby the global shape of the original datasets can be transferred in different scales. We propose a stroke and centrality-based method to hierarchically extract the skeleton structures from buildings aiming to support generalization. Firstly, the strokes are generated from refined proximity graph network. Next, by regarding the strokes as dual graph, three centrality indices are calculated for each stroke whereby an integrated factor is created to measure the importance level of the strokes. Finally, the hierarchical skeleton structures are extracted based on the stroke importance levels through different selection ratios. By classifying the buildings into different categories, different generalization operators are selected considering their characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that the extracted hierarchical skeleton structures can represent the global shape of the entire region. Through this support, the global and local patterns of the original buildings can be both preserved.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"268 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2020.1852512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49012952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2022.2136431
At 10 am on 11th March 1971, an Italian sports car manufacturer unveiled its new prototype at the Geneva Motor Show (Figure 1). The angular purity of its styling introduced a completely new look that redefined the concept of the supercar. Combining a space-age aesthetic with rocket-like performance, posters of this exotic-looking machine soon adorned the bedroom walls of a generation. Fifty years after its dramatic introduction, the Lamborghini Countach still has the power to shock, excite and demand attention. Fresh, disruptive and iconic, Marcello Gandini’s design cemented Lamborghini’s reputation as a leading performance car marque – a legacy acknowledged by their recent unveiling of a new Countach model (Lamborghini, 2021). Although many novel designs kindle a sense of delight, few possess enduring appeal. Some rare examples, such as Gandini’s Countach or Beck’s map of the London Underground (Figure 2), redefine design ideals. They express a common desire (in this case, for a better experience of mobility, whether for privileged users or the public) by transcending the pursuit of aesthetic or utilitarian goals and challenging conventions in a way that resonates with society. The angular geometry of each design presented a stark contrast to the organic forms of their predecessors, i.e. the Lamborghini Miura (also styled by Gandini) and the ‘vermicelli’ maps of the Underground, as Beck referred to them (see Garland, 1994; Kent, 2021). Their distinctive originality also made them immediately recognizable and memorable, which helped to secure their iconic status. It is, however, rare for a map to become a design icon. If technology provides the catalyst for the development of cartography, its transformation over the course of the twentieth century should perhaps have yielded a wealth of examples. Yet, as Monmonier (2005: 223) observes, although that century was more effective in fostering new genres (cartograms and news maps) and raising new concerns (public access and uncertainty), it delivered a ‘scarcity of outstanding individual graphics’. Hence, it is worth exploring how, in the twenty-first century, cartographers may feel more liberated to design maps that meet society’s evolving needs. If the previous century saw a lack of innovation in finding solutions to visualize complex spatial issues, creativity should occupy a more fundamental role in map design for current and future generations of cartographers.
{"title":"Beyond Convention: Cultivating Creativity and the Cartographic Imagination","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2022.2136431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2022.2136431","url":null,"abstract":"At 10 am on 11th March 1971, an Italian sports car manufacturer unveiled its new prototype at the Geneva Motor Show (Figure 1). The angular purity of its styling introduced a completely new look that redefined the concept of the supercar. Combining a space-age aesthetic with rocket-like performance, posters of this exotic-looking machine soon adorned the bedroom walls of a generation. Fifty years after its dramatic introduction, the Lamborghini Countach still has the power to shock, excite and demand attention. Fresh, disruptive and iconic, Marcello Gandini’s design cemented Lamborghini’s reputation as a leading performance car marque – a legacy acknowledged by their recent unveiling of a new Countach model (Lamborghini, 2021). Although many novel designs kindle a sense of delight, few possess enduring appeal. Some rare examples, such as Gandini’s Countach or Beck’s map of the London Underground (Figure 2), redefine design ideals. They express a common desire (in this case, for a better experience of mobility, whether for privileged users or the public) by transcending the pursuit of aesthetic or utilitarian goals and challenging conventions in a way that resonates with society. The angular geometry of each design presented a stark contrast to the organic forms of their predecessors, i.e. the Lamborghini Miura (also styled by Gandini) and the ‘vermicelli’ maps of the Underground, as Beck referred to them (see Garland, 1994; Kent, 2021). Their distinctive originality also made them immediately recognizable and memorable, which helped to secure their iconic status. It is, however, rare for a map to become a design icon. If technology provides the catalyst for the development of cartography, its transformation over the course of the twentieth century should perhaps have yielded a wealth of examples. Yet, as Monmonier (2005: 223) observes, although that century was more effective in fostering new genres (cartograms and news maps) and raising new concerns (public access and uncertainty), it delivered a ‘scarcity of outstanding individual graphics’. Hence, it is worth exploring how, in the twenty-first century, cartographers may feel more liberated to design maps that meet society’s evolving needs. If the previous century saw a lack of innovation in finding solutions to visualize complex spatial issues, creativity should occupy a more fundamental role in map design for current and future generations of cartographers.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"213 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45331287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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