Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2026.101067
Ruibo Hu, Wenting Gong, Ke Chen, Hanbin Luo
Smart construction machinery enabled by digital twin (DT) technology has significant potential to enhance construction safety and efficiency. However, the lack of a dedicated maturity assessment model for construction machinery DT (CMDT) reveals a critical gap in existing research. This study proposes a structured framework for assessing CMDT maturity, designed to evaluate the readiness and developmental stage of DT implementations in construction machinery. The framework was developed based on a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews, yielding a maturity assessment model comprising five dimensions and 24 indicators across five maturity levels. The model adopts a two-stage assessment approach that integrates expert competency-based grouping and weighting with an improved bi-objective optimization model. To enhance the robustness of expert opinion aggregation, a penalty-weight mechanism is embedded in the objective function, effectively balancing consensus and confidence. The proposed framework was validated through a real-world case study involving an automated construction system (ACS). The results demonstrate the capability of the framework to identify CMDT maturity levels and inform improvement pathways. Overall, this study provides an evidence-based tool to accelerate DT adoption in the construction sector.
{"title":"Multi-dimensional framework for assessing digital twin maturity in construction machinery","authors":"Ruibo Hu, Wenting Gong, Ke Chen, Hanbin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart construction machinery enabled by digital twin (DT) technology has significant potential to enhance construction safety and efficiency. However, the lack of a dedicated maturity assessment model for construction machinery DT (CMDT) reveals a critical gap in existing research. This study proposes a structured framework for assessing CMDT maturity, designed to evaluate the readiness and developmental stage of DT implementations in construction machinery. The framework was developed based on a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews, yielding a maturity assessment model comprising five dimensions and 24 indicators across five maturity levels. The model adopts a two-stage assessment approach that integrates expert competency-based grouping and weighting with an improved bi-objective optimization model. To enhance the robustness of expert opinion aggregation, a penalty-weight mechanism is embedded in the objective function, effectively balancing consensus and confidence. The proposed framework was validated through a real-world case study involving an automated construction system (ACS). The results demonstrate the capability of the framework to identify CMDT maturity levels and inform improvement pathways. Overall, this study provides an evidence-based tool to accelerate DT adoption in the construction sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2026.101062
Min-Ho Han , Keun-Woo Lim , Young-Bae Ko
Industrial digital twins (DTs) must fuse data from operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) platforms in real time. However, the high-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) sampling needed for real-time fidelity can rapidly drain battery-powered tags, increasing battery-replacement and maintenance burden in large-scale deployments and jeopardizing service-level accuracy. To address this energy-accuracy trade-off, this paper defines mobility-entropy, a three-dimensional metric that quantifies the dynamic characteristics of a mobile entity. A lightweight on-device machine learning scheduler uses this metric to adjust the UWB sampling rate in real time across the end-to-end pipeline from sensor to DT renderer. Evaluated on a seven-anchor indoor testbed mirrored in real time on the MuJoCo DT platform, the proposed approach extends the average tag sleep time by 65.6% compared to a fixed-rate baseline while achieving a Digital Twin Projection Error (DTPE) as low as 3.15 cm across various mobility environments. The result is longer battery life and reduced telemetry data volume without sacrificing geometric accuracy, improving deployment practicality by lowering maintenance overhead and wireless traffic in industrial settings. We also explain how edge decisions are propagated through the integration layer to DT applications, positioning adaptive sensing within the operational technology (OT) to information technology (IT) to digital twin (DT) data flow. These results highlight the framework’s potential for real-world industrial digital twin applications, including worker and asset tracking as well as safety monitoring, by enabling energy-efficient operation with reduced maintenance and communication overhead.
{"title":"Mobility-entropy–aware adaptive UWB sampling for energy-efficient real-time industrial digital twins","authors":"Min-Ho Han , Keun-Woo Lim , Young-Bae Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial digital twins (DTs) must fuse data from operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) platforms in real time. However, the high-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) sampling needed for real-time fidelity can rapidly drain battery-powered tags, increasing battery-replacement and maintenance burden in large-scale deployments and jeopardizing service-level accuracy. To address this energy-accuracy trade-off, this paper defines <em>mobility-entropy</em>, a three-dimensional metric that quantifies the dynamic characteristics of a mobile entity. A lightweight on-device machine learning scheduler uses this metric to adjust the UWB sampling rate in real time across the end-to-end pipeline from sensor to DT renderer. Evaluated on a seven-anchor indoor testbed mirrored in real time on the MuJoCo DT platform, the proposed approach extends the average tag sleep time by <strong>65.6%</strong> compared to a fixed-rate baseline while achieving a Digital Twin Projection Error (DTPE) as low as <strong>3.15<!--> <!-->cm</strong> across various mobility environments. The result is longer battery life and reduced telemetry data volume without sacrificing geometric accuracy, improving deployment practicality by lowering maintenance overhead and wireless traffic in industrial settings. We also explain how edge decisions are propagated through the integration layer to DT applications, positioning adaptive sensing within the operational technology (OT) to information technology (IT) to digital twin (DT) data flow. These results highlight the framework’s potential for real-world industrial digital twin applications, including worker and asset tracking as well as safety monitoring, by enabling energy-efficient operation with reduced maintenance and communication overhead.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Digital Twin requires a user interface to deliver information relevant to its users, hence a model is required to represent the information required by the interface. The objective of this research is to develop a transdisciplinary human factors approach to information gathering and modelling to design Digital Twin information interfaces. Existing approaches to interface modelling either do not consider human factors or those that do provide a high-level view of information insufficient to capture the complexities required for an information interface for a Digital Twin. The approach presented here consists of capturing the information interface requirements using Cognitive Work Analysis to analyse the human-information interaction and structuring this information via Unified Modelling Language (UML) models. To understand human information requirements when interacting with a Digital Twin interface, personas are used to guide the CWA. To illustrate this approach a Digital Twin of an Industrial Gearbox Product-Service is considered. Validation was conducted through a case study with a research and technology organisation. The approach was found to be clear and able to provide information customised to user needs and the level of detail required. The research described creates a more effective approach to creating a Digital Twin information interface model through reducing the number of iterations required to gather information. By specifically considering human interactions the transdisciplinary approach advanced here will augment the development of software systems.
{"title":"A human factors approach to design an information interface model for a digital twin","authors":"Claire Palmer , Ella-Mae Hubbard , Rebecca Grant , Yee Mey Goh","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Digital Twin requires a user interface to deliver information relevant to its users, hence a model is required to represent the information required by the interface. The objective of this research is to develop a transdisciplinary human factors approach to information gathering and modelling to design Digital Twin information interfaces. Existing approaches to interface modelling either do not consider human factors or those that do provide a high-level view of information insufficient to capture the complexities required for an information interface for a Digital Twin. The approach presented here consists of capturing the information interface requirements using Cognitive Work Analysis to analyse the human-information interaction and structuring this information via Unified Modelling Language (UML) models. To understand human information requirements when interacting with a Digital Twin interface, personas are used to guide the CWA. To illustrate this approach a Digital Twin of an Industrial Gearbox Product-Service is considered. Validation was conducted through a case study with a research and technology organisation. The approach was found to be clear and able to provide information customised to user needs and the level of detail required. The research described creates a more effective approach to creating a Digital Twin information interface model through reducing the number of iterations required to gather information. By specifically considering human interactions the transdisciplinary approach advanced here will augment the development of software systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101063"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2025.101022
Narco Afonso Ravazzoli Maciejewski , Roberto Zanetti Freire , Anderson Luis Szejka , Thiago de Paula Machado Bazzo , Sofia Moreira de Andrade Lopes , Rogério Andrade Flauzino
Three-phase induction motors are the primary actuators for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy in the productive sector, constituting key assets due to their widespread use and critical function. Reducing maintenance costs and implementing predictive techniques incentivize the development of systems to identify intrinsic defects. The increasing demand for customization in manufacturing affects maintenance due to fast production line adaptations. This leads to unforeseen failures that compromise reliability. There is a lack of research on detecting and diagnosing faults in induction motors under intermittent drives or varying operating conditions. To fill this gap, the present research proposes a methodology for recommending algorithms to diagnose and detect broken bar defects in three-phase induction motors during transient operation based on a cognitive system. The framework explains and detects fault causality. Using experimental data (current, voltage, vibration), three-phase induction motors were tested under normal conditions, applying various severities of broken bar faults with load torque variations. Features were extracted from each signal, and feature selection algorithms of different mathematical natures were applied. Machine learning models were built, validated, and tested with multicriteria measures. To assess robustness, white noise was inserted into the experimental signals. The Consistency-Based Filter algorithm emerged as the most suitable for feature selection combined with Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron models. The best results were achieved with up to 80 % noise tolerance without compromising predictive capacity for diagnosing defect severity. Features following a Gaussian distribution showed better predictive capacity, resulting in a reliable framework for fault diagnosis in induction motors.
{"title":"Cognitive-based framework for detecting and diagnosing broken bars in induction motors for industry maintenance","authors":"Narco Afonso Ravazzoli Maciejewski , Roberto Zanetti Freire , Anderson Luis Szejka , Thiago de Paula Machado Bazzo , Sofia Moreira de Andrade Lopes , Rogério Andrade Flauzino","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-phase induction motors are the primary actuators for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy in the productive sector, constituting key assets due to their widespread use and critical function. Reducing maintenance costs and implementing predictive techniques incentivize the development of systems to identify intrinsic defects. The increasing demand for customization in manufacturing affects maintenance due to fast production line adaptations. This leads to unforeseen failures that compromise reliability. There is a lack of research on detecting and diagnosing faults in induction motors under intermittent drives or varying operating conditions. To fill this gap, the present research proposes a methodology for recommending algorithms to diagnose and detect broken bar defects in three-phase induction motors during transient operation based on a cognitive system. The framework explains and detects fault causality. Using experimental data (current, voltage, vibration), three-phase induction motors were tested under normal conditions, applying various severities of broken bar faults with load torque variations. Features were extracted from each signal, and feature selection algorithms of different mathematical natures were applied. Machine learning models were built, validated, and tested with multicriteria measures. To assess robustness, white noise was inserted into the experimental signals. The Consistency-Based Filter algorithm emerged as the most suitable for feature selection combined with Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron models. The best results were achieved with up to 80 % noise tolerance without compromising predictive capacity for diagnosing defect severity. Features following a Gaussian distribution showed better predictive capacity, resulting in a reliable framework for fault diagnosis in induction motors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2025.101037
Zihang Yu , Zhenjiang Zhang , Sherali Zeadally
Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) integrated with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is vital for intelligent manufacturing and industrial automation because it enables low-latency and high-efficiency task offloading from resource-limited devices to an edge server. However, dynamic wireless channels and stochastic task arrivals introduce significant uncertainties, leading to queuing delays, inefficient resource utilization, and high energy consumption. Moreover, the lack of future system information makes real-time offloading decisions particularly challenging. To address these issues, we construct both task queues and delay-aware virtual queues, and we formulate a stochastic optimization problem for joint task offloading and resource allocation. The objective is to minimize long-term energy consumption while ensuring queue stability and satisfying task deadline constraints. To solve this problem, we propose a novel Lyapunov-guided multi-agent deep reinforcement learning framework (LYMADDPG), which integrates Lyapunov optimization with Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG). Specifically, we use Lyapunov optimization to transform delay constraints into a virtual queue stability control problem, converting the original long-term problem into a series of per-slot optimizations. Next, we use MADDPG to learn optimal offloading and resource allocation policies in a distributed and adaptive manner. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms baseline algorithms in reducing energy consumption, ensuring queue stability, and meeting task deadlines. These results confirm the practical effectiveness of our approach and highlight its strong potential for real-world deployment in MEC-enabled IIoT systems.
{"title":"Energy-efficient task offloading in the Industrial Internet of Things: A Lyapunov-guided multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach","authors":"Zihang Yu , Zhenjiang Zhang , Sherali Zeadally","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) integrated with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is vital for intelligent manufacturing and industrial automation because it enables low-latency and high-efficiency task offloading from resource-limited devices to an edge server. However, dynamic wireless channels and stochastic task arrivals introduce significant uncertainties, leading to queuing delays, inefficient resource utilization, and high energy consumption. Moreover, the lack of future system information makes real-time offloading decisions particularly challenging. To address these issues, we construct both task queues and delay-aware virtual queues, and we formulate a stochastic optimization problem for joint task offloading and resource allocation. The objective is to minimize long-term energy consumption while ensuring queue stability and satisfying task deadline constraints. To solve this problem, we propose a novel Lyapunov-guided multi-agent deep reinforcement learning framework (LYMADDPG), which integrates Lyapunov optimization with Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG). Specifically, we use Lyapunov optimization to transform delay constraints into a virtual queue stability control problem, converting the original long-term problem into a series of per-slot optimizations. Next, we use MADDPG to learn optimal offloading and resource allocation policies in a distributed and adaptive manner. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms baseline algorithms in reducing energy consumption, ensuring queue stability, and meeting task deadlines. These results confirm the practical effectiveness of our approach and highlight its strong potential for real-world deployment in MEC-enabled IIoT systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2025.101045
Murillo Skrzek , Anderson Luis Szejka , Fernando Mas
The aerospace manufacturing industry faces substantial complexity, particularly in the aircraft manufacturing process, which requires integrating advanced components and systems with diverse geometries and materials. This environment necessitates robust information systems to manage information exchange across the product life cycle and reduce disruptions during project development. Traditional manufacturing systems struggle to integrate diverse automation technologies and maintain efficiency in highly customised and technologically complex aerospace production. Interferences caused by project changes can lead to increased costs, longer time commitments, and greater environmental impacts. Based on this context, this research proposes a multi-layer knowledge and data-driven integrated framework to seamlessly integrate digital and physical technologies, facilitating communication and transparency across the complex manufacturing process. It supports manufacturing tasks such as process planning, cost estimation, and quality assurance, ensuring the capture and utilisation of explicit and implicit knowledge. Implementing the multi-layer knowledge and data-driven integrated framework enhances manufacturing efficiency, reduces costs, and improves product quality in the aerospace industry. An experimental case demonstrated the ability to store data and knowledge in a structured way, thereby generating different manufacturing plans, supporting process decision-making, and improving the 72.1% efficiency of plan generation with human validation. Future research will focus on validating the manufacturing plan generated from existing manual process plans, enabling optimisation of manufacturing according to the most suitable plan presented, aiming to refine it further and expand its applicability in the aerospace sector.
{"title":"A multi-layer knowledge and data-driven integrated framework for smart manufacturing process: An experimental application for aerospace sheet metal process planning","authors":"Murillo Skrzek , Anderson Luis Szejka , Fernando Mas","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aerospace manufacturing industry faces substantial complexity, particularly in the aircraft manufacturing process, which requires integrating advanced components and systems with diverse geometries and materials. This environment necessitates robust information systems to manage information exchange across the product life cycle and reduce disruptions during project development. Traditional manufacturing systems struggle to integrate diverse automation technologies and maintain efficiency in highly customised and technologically complex aerospace production. Interferences caused by project changes can lead to increased costs, longer time commitments, and greater environmental impacts. Based on this context, this research proposes a multi-layer knowledge and data-driven integrated framework to seamlessly integrate digital and physical technologies, facilitating communication and transparency across the complex manufacturing process. It supports manufacturing tasks such as process planning, cost estimation, and quality assurance, ensuring the capture and utilisation of explicit and implicit knowledge. Implementing the multi-layer knowledge and data-driven integrated framework enhances manufacturing efficiency, reduces costs, and improves product quality in the aerospace industry. An experimental case demonstrated the ability to store data and knowledge in a structured way, thereby generating different manufacturing plans, supporting process decision-making, and improving the 72.1% efficiency of plan generation with human validation. Future research will focus on validating the manufacturing plan generated from existing manual process plans, enabling optimisation of manufacturing according to the most suitable plan presented, aiming to refine it further and expand its applicability in the aerospace sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145813907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2026.101079
İsmail Yoşumaz , Ali Gülbaşı , Safiye Süreyya Bengül
Purpose
Industry 5.0 accelerates the shift from asset ownership to benefit-based business models. This study develops a collaborative EaaS framework for the CNC sector that simultaneously monetizes the measurable benefit (active machining time or produced part volume) rather than the machine itself, and integrates 3D product designers as active, revenue-generating stakeholders in the value chain.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative research design combining document analysis and descriptive content analysis was employed. From 101 documents, 41 were selected through purposive sampling.
Findings
The proposed Design Software Network model establishes a triadic ecosystem connecting CNC manufacturers, customers, and designers. By leveraging existing digital twin and IoT infrastructures for real-time measurement of machining outputs, the Design Software Network model implements pay-per-use pricing for physical equipment while generating an entirely new revenue layer: automated, blockchain-enforced royalties paid to designers for every part produced using their licensed 3D models. This dual monetization mechanism, which combines benefit-based pricing of machine usage with recurring monetization of digital designs, addresses the current exclusion of designers from EaaS value capture and fosters collaborative innovation.
Originality
Pay-per-use models have begun to emerge in the CNC sector, remaining strictly limited to the manufacturer–customer dyad. The DSN’s originality lies in extending these established measurement systems to systematically include 3D product designers through scalable, usage-based royalty streams. This integration does not yet exist in the literature or industry implementations. The model thereby completes the transition to a genuinely human-centric, triadic Industry 5.0 ecosystem.
{"title":"Design software network: A collaborative EaaS business model for CNC manufacturers, customers, and designers","authors":"İsmail Yoşumaz , Ali Gülbaşı , Safiye Süreyya Bengül","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2026.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Industry 5.0 accelerates the shift from asset ownership to benefit-based business models. This study develops a collaborative EaaS framework for the CNC sector that simultaneously monetizes the measurable benefit (active machining time or produced part volume) rather than the machine itself, and integrates 3D product designers as active, revenue-generating stakeholders in the value chain.</div></div><div><h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3><div>A qualitative research design combining document analysis and descriptive content analysis was employed. From 101 documents, 41 were selected through purposive sampling.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The proposed Design Software Network model establishes a triadic ecosystem connecting CNC manufacturers, customers, and designers. By leveraging existing digital twin and IoT infrastructures for real-time measurement of machining outputs, the Design Software Network model implements pay-per-use pricing for physical equipment while generating an entirely new revenue layer: automated, blockchain-enforced royalties paid to designers for every part produced using their licensed 3D models. This dual monetization mechanism, which combines benefit-based pricing of machine usage with recurring monetization of digital designs, addresses the current exclusion of designers from EaaS value capture and fosters collaborative innovation.</div></div><div><h3>Originality</h3><div>Pay-per-use models have begun to emerge in the CNC sector, remaining strictly limited to the manufacturer–customer dyad. The DSN’s originality lies in extending these established measurement systems to systematically include 3D product designers through scalable, usage-based royalty streams. This integration does not yet exist in the literature or industry implementations. The model thereby completes the transition to a genuinely human-centric, triadic Industry 5.0 ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2025.101020
Dan Xia , Pengpeng Xu , Guangjie Han , Jinfang Jiang
Embodied intelligence has emerged as a transformative paradigm in artificial intelligence, representing the convergence of multimodal perception, cognitive reasoning, and physical interaction with the environment. In the context of smart manufacturing, it is increasingly recognized as a key enabler for future intelligent systems capable of adapting to dynamic, unstructured, and human-centric production environments. With the rapid development of large multimodal models, embodied intelligence is poised to achieve unprecedented levels of generalization, autonomy, and task versatility through continuous learning and real-world interaction. Therefore, this article conducts a systematic review of the current research status and development trends of embodied intelligence in smart manufacturing, analyzes its key technologies, summarizes typical application scenarios, and further discusses the challenges and future research directions, aiming to provide new insights and guidance for smart manufacturing driven by embodied intelligence.
{"title":"Emerging perspectives on embodied intelligence in future smart manufacturing","authors":"Dan Xia , Pengpeng Xu , Guangjie Han , Jinfang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embodied intelligence has emerged as a transformative paradigm in artificial intelligence, representing the convergence of multimodal perception, cognitive reasoning, and physical interaction with the environment. In the context of smart manufacturing, it is increasingly recognized as a key enabler for future intelligent systems capable of adapting to dynamic, unstructured, and human-centric production environments. With the rapid development of large multimodal models, embodied intelligence is poised to achieve unprecedented levels of generalization, autonomy, and task versatility through continuous learning and real-world interaction. Therefore, this article conducts a systematic review of the current research status and development trends of embodied intelligence in smart manufacturing, analyzes its key technologies, summarizes typical application scenarios, and further discusses the challenges and future research directions, aiming to provide new insights and guidance for smart manufacturing driven by embodied intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2025.101044
Jiaxian Chen , Yujie Xu , Jie Tang , Xuemiao Xu , Ruqiang Yan , Zhixin Yang , Weihua Li
The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative capabilities into industrial intelligence. However, their direct application to the prognostics and health management (PHM) of industrial swarm robotics remains limited due to the lack of specialized maintenance knowledge and insufficient functional integration. Embodied Intelligence (EI), with its capacities for perception, cognition, reasoning, decision-making, and iterative evolution, offers a promising solution to these challenges. Therefore, a multi-agent integrated large knowledge model framework, termed Diagnosis-Prediction-Decision-Control-ILKM (DPDC-ILKM), is proposed to empower intelligent maintenance in industrial swarm robotics. In the DPDC-ILKM framework, a high-reliability industrial large knowledge model is first constructed by integrating operational maintenance records and corpus knowledge from different industrial robotics to adapt to the PHM tasks of diverse individual robots. Second, a multi-agent EI maintenance system is designed to provide operation and maintenance services, including diagnostic, prognostic, decision-making, and control functions. To support the continual improvement of DPDC-ILKM, a self-evolution mechanism is introduced, enabling adaptive learning and continuous optimization in dynamic industrial environments. Finally, the key challenges and future directions are discussed to support the advancement of EI-enabled industrial artificial intelligence. This work presents a unique framework that combines LLMs with EI for industrial maintenance, offering a novel perspective and technical foundation for intelligent maintenance of industrial swarm robotics.
{"title":"DPDC-ILKM: A multi-agent integrated large knowledge model for intelligent maintenance of industrial swarm robotics","authors":"Jiaxian Chen , Yujie Xu , Jie Tang , Xuemiao Xu , Ruqiang Yan , Zhixin Yang , Weihua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative capabilities into industrial intelligence. However, their direct application to the prognostics and health management (PHM) of industrial swarm robotics remains limited due to the lack of specialized maintenance knowledge and insufficient functional integration. Embodied Intelligence (EI), with its capacities for perception, cognition, reasoning, decision-making, and iterative evolution, offers a promising solution to these challenges. Therefore, a multi-agent integrated large knowledge model framework, termed Diagnosis-Prediction-Decision-Control-ILKM (DPDC-ILKM), is proposed to empower intelligent maintenance in industrial swarm robotics. In the DPDC-ILKM framework, a high-reliability industrial large knowledge model is first constructed by integrating operational maintenance records and corpus knowledge from different industrial robotics to adapt to the PHM tasks of diverse individual robots. Second, a multi-agent EI maintenance system is designed to provide operation and maintenance services, including diagnostic, prognostic, decision-making, and control functions. To support the continual improvement of DPDC-ILKM, a self-evolution mechanism is introduced, enabling adaptive learning and continuous optimization in dynamic industrial environments. Finally, the key challenges and future directions are discussed to support the advancement of EI-enabled industrial artificial intelligence. This work presents a unique framework that combines LLMs with EI for industrial maintenance, offering a novel perspective and technical foundation for intelligent maintenance of industrial swarm robotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2025.101047
Fei Gao
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have garnered increasing attention due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and performance, leading to various efforts to implement UAVs in agriculture, especially with the rapid development of low-altitude economy. However, successful UAV application in agriculture is not always achieved, and understanding the barriers and potential solutions is crucial for effective implementation. To this end, this study employs intuitionistic fuzzy sets, the modified Delphi method, the fuzzy weight with zero consistency (FWZIC) method, and the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method to identify and prioritize barriers and solutions for UAV application in agriculture. Firstly, 32 barriers are identified and categorized into five main categories. The intuitionistic fuzzy FWZIC method is then utilized to calculate weights for prioritizing the barriers. Subsequently, the intuitionistic fuzzy WASPAS method is applied to assess and rank solutions for these barriers. The results indicate that “risk of failures” is the most significant sub-barrier hindering UAV application in agriculture. Additionally, “design and prompt more reliable UAV technologies” is the most effective solution for mitigating these barriers. This study provides a systematic framework to address barriers to UAV application in agriculture, and the findings can assist practitioners by guiding their efforts toward overcoming the most significant barriers and facilitating successful UAV application in agriculture.
{"title":"Prioritizing and overcoming barriers to unmanned aerial vehicles adoption in agriculture using an integrated intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making approach","authors":"Fei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.101047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have garnered increasing attention due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and performance, leading to various efforts to implement UAVs in agriculture, especially with the rapid development of low-altitude economy. However, successful UAV application in agriculture is not always achieved, and understanding the barriers and potential solutions is crucial for effective implementation. To this end, this study employs intuitionistic fuzzy sets, the modified Delphi method, the fuzzy weight with zero consistency (FWZIC) method, and the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method to identify and prioritize barriers and solutions for UAV application in agriculture. Firstly, 32 barriers are identified and categorized into five main categories. The intuitionistic fuzzy FWZIC method is then utilized to calculate weights for prioritizing the barriers. Subsequently, the intuitionistic fuzzy WASPAS method is applied to assess and rank solutions for these barriers. The results indicate that “risk of failures” is the most significant sub-barrier hindering UAV application in agriculture. Additionally, “design and prompt more reliable UAV technologies” is the most effective solution for mitigating these barriers. This study provides a systematic framework to address barriers to UAV application in agriculture, and the findings can assist practitioners by guiding their efforts toward overcoming the most significant barriers and facilitating successful UAV application in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101047"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}