Geoderma Regional最新文献

Wind erosion escalation in western Slovakia driven by climate and land use and land cover shifts 气候、土地利用和土地覆盖变化导致斯洛伐克西部风蚀加剧

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00892

Nikseresht Fahime , Lackoóvá Lenka , Yousefi Saleh

Wind erosion is a major cause of soil degradation and air pollution and is influenced by climate and land use factors. Understanding the mechanisms behind wind erosion dynamics is crucial for mitigating its harmful effects. This study employs an integrated approach, combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology and local knowledge, to comprehensively assess wind erosion in the western region of Slovakia from 2001 to 2021. Using GIS-based AHP, the study assessed the spatial distribution of areas at high risk of wind erosion based on six parameters: wind speed, surface dryness, land use, land cover, soil texture, and field slope. A multicollinearity test was conducted to examine the collinearity of the chosen factors, and it was seen that none of the factors were compromised by multicollinearity. The results showed a significant increase in the risk of wind erosion in the study area over the past 20 years, with very high erosion risk in 2007, 2014, and 2021 increasing by 37 %, 86 %, and 128 %, respectively, compared to 2001. Statistical analyses confirm the significant impact of surface dryness, wind speed, land use, and land cover on wind erosion, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to mitigate erosion risk. The regression analysis underscores the negative relationship between land use and wind erosion, emphasizing the pivotal role of land management in erosion prevention. These findings contribute valuable insights to the discourse on sustainable land use practices and erosion mitigation, particularly in the context of evolving climate dynamics.

风蚀是土壤退化和空气污染的主要原因，并受到气候和土地使用因素的影响。了解风蚀动态背后的机制对于减轻其有害影响至关重要。本研究采用综合方法，结合层次分析法（AHP）和当地知识，对斯洛伐克西部地区 2001 年至 2021 年的风蚀情况进行了全面评估。该研究利用基于地理信息系统的层次分析法，根据风速、地表干燥度、土地利用、土地覆盖、土壤质地和田间坡度这六个参数，评估了风蚀高风险地区的空间分布。对所选因子进行了多重共线性检验，以考察其共线性，结果表明没有一个因子存在多重共线性。结果表明，在过去 20 年中，研究区域的风蚀风险显著增加，与 2001 年相比，2007 年、2014 年和 2021 年的极高风蚀风险分别增加了 37%、86% 和 128%。统计分析证实了地表干燥度、风速、土地利用和土地覆盖对风蚀的显著影响，强调了有必要采取有针对性的策略来降低风蚀风险。回归分析凸显了土地利用与风蚀之间的负相关关系，强调了土地管理在预防侵蚀中的关键作用。这些发现为有关可持续土地利用实践和减少侵蚀的讨论提供了宝贵的见解，尤其是在气候动态不断变化的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Content and quality of soil organic matter in topsoils under different tundra vegetation in central Spitsbergen (High Arctic) 斯匹次卑尔根中部（高纬度北极地区）不同苔原植被下表层土壤有机质的含量和质量

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00891

Anna Bartos, Mateusz Stolarczyk, Wojciech Szymański

Permafrost-affected soils contain a large amount of soil organic matter (SOM) which may become easily available to microbial decomposition due to climate warming. Despite numerous studies conducted on SOM in permafrost-affected soils, our knowledge about its quantity and chemistry requires further enhancement in the central part of Spitsbergen, due to a lack of detailed studies in this area. Especially, very little is known about the link between soil and vegetation in the High Arctic region. The main aim of this study was to determine the quantity and chemistry of SOM in the topsoil horizons of permafrost-affected soils covered with different tundra vegetation types in the vicinity of Longyearbyen (central Spitsbergen). Four types of tundra (pioneer tundra, arctic meadow, wet moss tundra, and heath tundra) were selected for this study. The obtained results indicate that the highest mean content of total organic carbon (TOC, 24.22 %) and total nitrogen (TN, 0.79 %) occurred in topsoils covered with heath tundra, while clearly lower mean contents of TOC and TN were noted in topsoils under wet moss tundra (5.96 %, 0.37 %, respectively), arctic meadow (3.40 %, 0.19 %, respectively), and pioneer vegetation (2.56 %, 0.21 %, respectively). The obtained FTIR-ATR spectroscopy results indicated significant differences in the chemical composition of SOM under different types of tundra. The highest mean value of the aromatic C/aliphatic C ratio (1632/2928 ratio) was noted for topsoils covered with arctic meadow (2.82). On the other hand, the lowest mean value of aromatic C/aliphatic C ratio for SOM was obtained for topsoils covered with heath tundra (0.81). This indicated that SOM in topsoils under heath tundra vegetation is characterized by a higher content of aliphatic compounds in relation to aromatic compounds. Moreover, both soil texture and soil pH significantly affected the content and quality of SOM in the studied topsoils.

受永久冻土影响的土壤含有大量土壤有机质（SOM），由于气候变暖，这些有机质很容易被微生物分解。尽管对受永久冻土影响的土壤中的有机质进行了大量研究，但由于缺乏对斯匹次卑尔根中部地区的详细研究，我们对该地区土壤有机质的数量和化学性质的了解还需要进一步加强。尤其是对北极高纬度地区土壤与植被之间的联系知之甚少。这项研究的主要目的是确定在朗伊尔城（斯匹次卑尔根中部）附近不同冻土植被类型覆盖的受永久冻土影响的土壤表土层中 SOM 的数量和化学性质。这项研究选择了四种类型的苔原（先锋苔原、北极草甸、湿苔藓苔原和石楠苔原）。研究结果表明，被石楠苔原覆盖的表层土壤中总有机碳（TOC，24.22 %）和总氮（TN，0.79 %）的平均含量最高，而湿苔藓苔原（分别为 5.96 % 和 0.37 %）、北极草甸（分别为 3.40 % 和 0.19 %）和先锋植被（分别为 2.56 % 和 0.21 %）下的表层土壤中总有机碳和总氮的平均含量明显较低。傅立叶变换红外-原子吸收光谱分析结果表明，不同类型苔原下 SOM 的化学成分存在显著差异。芳香族碳/脂肪族碳比率（1632/2928 比率）的平均值在北极草甸覆盖的表层土壤中最高（2.82）。另一方面，覆盖有石楠苔原的表层土壤中 SOM 的芳香族 C/ 脂肪族 C 比率平均值最低（0.81）。这表明石楠苔原植被下表层土壤中的 SOM 具有脂肪族化合物含量高于芳香族化合物的特点。此外，土壤质地和土壤酸碱度对所研究表层土中 SOM 的含量和质量也有很大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial communities of urban and industrial polluted soils in the Russian Arctic 俄罗斯北极地区受城市和工业污染土壤中的微生物群落

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00890

Maria Korneykova , Viacheslav Vasenev , Ekaterina Kozlova , Anastasia Soshina , Dmitry Nikitin , Andrey Dolgikh , Natalia Saltan

The Russian Arctic presents a unique environment for studying the effects of anthropogenic pressure on soil microbial communities under severe climatic conditions. This study investigated the impact of chemical pollution on soil microbial properties by comparing urban and industrially polluted soils in Murmansk region with natural Podzols. Urban soils exhibited significant alterations, including shifts in pH and increased carbon and nutrient contents compared to natural soils. Industrially polluted soils near the copper‑nickel smelter were characterized by elevated heavy metal concentration, while those near the aluminum smelter showed high fluorine and aluminum content. In both cases, carbon content and pH remained similar to natural soils. Industrial emissions significantly changed the soil microbiome, with effects varying depending on the pollution source and chemical composition of the emissions. Soils near the copper‑nickel smelter showed a decline in bacterial gene copies and actinomycete mycelium length, with a predominance of Chloroflexii and Ascomycota. Conversely, soils near the aluminum smelter exhibited less pronounced changes, with Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota being prevalent. Despite these differences, both industrially impacted sites displayed reduced microbial diversity, regardless of the composition of the emissions. In contrast, urban soils demonstrated increased microbial diversity, likely attributed to the emergence of new, favorable ecological niches. Microbial communities in both cities were similar, dominated by Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, and displayed an increase in bacterial gene copies compared to natural soils. These findings highlight the contrasting influences of urban and industrial development on soil microbial communities. While industrial activities suppress microbial life, urbanization fosters the creation of new niches, promoting microbial diversity. This underscores the potential of urban soils to support diverse microbial communities, which is crucial for sustainable development and ecological strategies in Arctic cities.

俄罗斯北极地区为研究恶劣气候条件下人为压力对土壤微生物群落的影响提供了独特的环境。这项研究通过比较摩尔曼斯克地区受城市和工业污染的土壤与天然 Podzols，研究了化学污染对土壤微生物特性的影响。与自然土壤相比，城市土壤发生了重大变化，包括 pH 值的变化以及碳和养分含量的增加。铜镍冶炼厂附近受工业污染的土壤重金属浓度较高，而铝冶炼厂附近的土壤氟和铝含量较高。在这两种情况下，碳含量和 pH 值都与天然土壤相似。工业排放物极大地改变了土壤微生物群，其影响因污染源和排放物的化学成分而异。铜镍冶炼厂附近的土壤显示细菌基因拷贝数和放线菌菌丝长度下降，主要是绿藻和子囊菌。相反，铝冶炼厂附近的土壤变化则不太明显，主要是变形菌和担子菌。尽管存在这些差异，但无论排放物的成分如何，这两个受工业影响的地点的微生物多样性都有所降低。相比之下，城市土壤中的微生物多样性有所增加，这可能是由于出现了新的、有利的生态位。两个城市的微生物群落相似，都以变形菌和子囊菌为主，与自然土壤相比，细菌基因拷贝数有所增加。这些发现凸显了城市和工业发展对土壤微生物群落的不同影响。工业活动抑制了微生物的生存，而城市化则促进了新壁龛的形成，提高了微生物的多样性。这凸显了城市土壤支持多样化微生物群落的潜力，这对北极城市的可持续发展和生态战略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Higher temperature accelerates carbon cycling in a temperate montane forest without decreasing soil carbon stocks 温度升高会加速温带山地森林的碳循环，但不会降低土壤碳储量

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00889

Idri Hastuty Siregar , Marta Camps-Arbestain , Tao Wang , Miko U.F. Kirschbaum , Gabor Kereszturi , Alan Palmer

Global warming is expected to accelerate the cycling of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the assimilation of new carbon, but the net effect of those counteracting accelerations and their ultimate effects on SOC are still uncertain. This hinders the prediction of long-term changes in biospheric carbon stocks and SOC-climate feedbacks. Here, we studied the long-term effect of temperature on carbon cycling across a 3.2 °C altitudinal temperature gradient in a temperate forest ecosystem in New Zealand. Across the gradient, soil respiration rates increased with increasing temperature from 9.0 to 10.4 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, but SOC stocks down to 85 cm depth also tended to increase, from 154 to 176 tC ha⁻¹, albeit non-significantly (P = 0.06). This system was able to maintain higher soil respiration rates at higher temperatures without reducing SOC because the higher respiration rates were sustained by higher litterfall rates. Aboveground litterfall increased from 1.8 to 2.4 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and estimated belowground C inputs increased from 7.2 to 8.0 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ along the temperature gradient. These higher fluxes were associated with significantly (P < 0.05) increased biomass at higher temperatures. As a direct measure of the effect of temperature on carbon cycling processes, we also calculated the turnover rate of forest litter which increased about 1.4-fold across the temperature gradient. This study demonstrates that higher temperatures along the thermal gradient increased plant carbon inputs through enhanced gross primary production, which counteracted SOC losses through temperature-enhanced soil respiration. These results suggest that temperature sensitivities of both plant carbon inputs and SOC losses must be considered for predicting SOC-climate feedbacks.

预计全球变暖将加速土壤有机碳（SOC）的循环和新碳的同化，但这些反作用加速的净效应及其对 SOC 的最终影响仍不确定。这阻碍了对生物圈碳储量长期变化和 SOC-气候反馈的预测。在此，我们研究了温度对新西兰温带森林生态系统中3.2 °C高度温度梯度上碳循环的长期影响。在整个梯度上，土壤呼吸速率随着温度的升高而增加，从 9.0 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 10.4 吨碳/公顷-年，但 85 厘米深度以下的 SOC 储量也有增加的趋势，从 154 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 176 吨碳/公顷-年，尽管增加的幅度不大（P = 0.06）。该系统能够在较高温度下保持较高的土壤呼吸速率而不减少 SOC，因为较高的呼吸速率是由较高的落叶率维持的。沿温度梯度，地上落叶量从 1.8 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 2.4 吨碳/公顷-年，估计地下碳输入量从 7.2 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 8.0 吨碳/公顷-年。这些较高的通量与较高温度下生物量的显著增加有关（P < 0.05）。作为温度对碳循环过程影响的直接测量，我们还计算了森林枯落物的周转率，该周转率在温度梯度上增加了约 1.4 倍。这项研究表明，沿温度梯度较高的地区通过提高总初级生产量增加了植物碳输入，这抵消了通过温度提高土壤呼吸作用造成的 SOC 损失。这些结果表明，在预测 SOC-气候反馈时，必须考虑植物碳输入和 SOC 损失对温度的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Co-amendment of silicate dust and manure improves soil health metrics and crop yield in coarser-textured more than medium-textured soils 硅酸盐粉尘和粪肥的共同添加可改善粗粒土壤的土壤健康指标和作物产量，而不是中等粒度土壤的健康指标和作物产量

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00887

Segun O. Oladele , Gustavo Curaqueo , Moses A. Awodun

Silicate rock dust and manure admixtures are increasingly considered to improve crop growth and soil health. Soil application of silicate rock dust can capture and store atmospheric CO₂ as inorganic carbon but could also have the potential to stabilize manure-derived organic matter when combined. However, synergies between rock dust and manure have been rarely investigated, while identifying the optimal combination rate remains elusive. Here, we set up a field trial in two contrasting kaolinitic soil (coarse-textured sandy loam and medium-textured silt loam) amended with a modest realistic rate of broiler manure (10 Mg ha⁻¹) [100 %], finely ground silicate rock dust (granite) (10 Mg ha⁻¹) [100 %], and a combination of manure (7 Mg ha⁻¹) + rock dust (3 Mg ha⁻¹) [70:30 %], manure (5 Mg ha⁻¹) + rock dust (5 Mg ha⁻¹) [50:50 %] and an un-amended control to investigate their effects on a leafy vegetable plant (Amaranthus cruentus) and metrics of soil health, and an incubation experiment to monitor soil heterotrophic CO₂ emission. Despite a reduction in manure input, the manure-rock dust mixture outperformed sole manure by increasing vegetable fresh herbage yield (by 19 %) and enhancing all soil health metrics, as revealed by the decrease in soil acidity, increased soil EC and soil total C, enhanced N availability and retention, increased bioavailable P, decreased soil dissolved organic C losses, increased soil microbial activity, and improved soil physical properties (viz., soil aggregate, bulk density, porosity, and water infiltration). Soil texture modulates the effects of manure-rock dust, as demonstrated by the better response from coarse-textured sandy loam than medium-textured silt loam soil. Manure-rock dust admixture [50:50] ratio decreased soil CO₂ emissions by 26 % and 54 %, respectively, in sandy loam and silt loam soil texture compared to sole manure. The synergistic performance of manure-rock dust admixture at 70:30 and 50:50 ratios was similar; however, to reduce nutrient limitation in the soil towards a more nutrient-equilibrated system while enhancing soil functioning and mitigating CO₂ emissions, we adjudged the manure-rock dust [70:30] ratio to be optimal.

硅酸盐岩粉和粪肥混合物越来越多地被认为可以改善作物生长和土壤健康。在土壤中施用硅酸盐岩粉可以捕捉和储存大气中的二氧化碳（作为无机碳），同时也有可能稳定粪肥中的有机物。然而，很少有人研究过岩屑与粪肥之间的协同作用，而确定最佳结合率仍然是个难题。在这里，我们在两种对比强烈的高岭土（粗质砂壤土和中质粉砂壤土）中进行了田间试验，分别使用肉鸡粪便（10 兆克/公顷-1）[100%]、磨细的硅酸盐岩屑（花岗岩）（10 兆克/公顷-1）[100%]以及粪便（7 兆克/公顷-1）+岩屑（3 兆克/公顷-1）[70：粪肥（5 毫克/公顷-1）+石粉（5 毫克/公顷-1）[50:50%]和未加改良的对照组，以研究它们对叶菜类植物（Amaranthus cruentus）和土壤健康指标的影响。尽管粪肥投入量减少了，但粪肥-岩屑混合物的效果优于单一粪肥，因为它提高了蔬菜鲜草产量（19%），并改善了所有土壤健康指标，具体表现在土壤酸度降低、土壤导电率和土壤总碳增加、氮的可利用性和保持率提高、生物可利用钾增加、土壤溶解有机碳损失减少、土壤微生物活动增加以及土壤物理性质（即土壤团粒结构、容重、孔隙度和水渗透性）改善。土壤质地会调节粪便-岩石粉尘的效果，这一点从粗质沙质壤土比中质粉质壤土更好的反应中可以看出。在沙质壤土和淤泥质壤土中，粪肥与石粉的混合比例为[50:50]，与单独使用粪肥相比，土壤二氧化碳排放量分别减少了 26% 和 54%。粪肥与石粉的混合比例为 70:30 和 50:50，两者的协同作用效果相似；但是，为了减少土壤中的养分限制，建立一个养分更均衡的系统，同时提高土壤功能和减少二氧化碳排放，我们认为粪肥与石粉的混合比例[70:30]是最佳的。

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引用次数: 0

The delineation of management zones using soil quality indices for the cultivation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Huila, Colombia 利用土壤质量指数划分哥伦比亚威拉灌溉水稻（Oryza sativa L.）种植管理区

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00886

John J. Arévalo-Hernández , Eduardo Medeiros de Oliveira , Gabriel Araújo e Silva Ferraz , Diana C. Polanía-Montiel , Anggy L. Liscano Solano , Marx Leandro Naves Silva

Conventional intensive farming systems can result in degraded soil. It is therefore important to monitor this effect periodically by delineating management zones (MZ) based on soil quality indices (SQI) in order to maintain and improve the soil characteristics in a precision farming environment and obtain homogeneous rice yields. The aim of this study was to determine and spatialise SQI and delineate MZ for cultivating flooded rice in an area of Fluvisols in Huila, Colombia. Forty-one georeferenced soil samples were collected from the 0 to 20 cm layer, and the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil were analysed to calculate the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and the Nemoro Quality Index (NQI) using linear scoring functions. Geostatistical tools were then used to fit semivariogram models of the SQI, and interpolated using ordinary kriging to map the MZ using the QGIS software. The IQI and NQI showed a moderate spatial correlation, which allowed three distinct MZ to be identified and delineated. Attributes, such as bulk density (Bd), total porosity (TP), soil respiration (SR), available water (AW) and soil organic matter (SOM) were significant and can be used as a guide by farmers for restoring the quality of the soil in rice production. The method proved to be effective, and provided an information base to be used in the local management of areas of rice cultivation in the study region.

传统的集约化耕作制度会导致土壤退化。因此，必须根据土壤质量指数（SQI）划定管理区（MZ），定期监测这种影响，以便在精准农业环境中保持和改善土壤特性，获得均匀的水稻产量。本研究的目的是确定 SQI 并将其空间化，为在哥伦比亚威拉的 Fluvisols 地区种植水稻划定管理区。研究人员从 0 至 20 厘米层收集了 41 个地理坐标土壤样本，分析了土壤的物理、化学和生物属性，并使用线性评分函数计算了综合质量指数（IQI）和 Nemoro 质量指数（NQI）。然后使用地质统计工具拟合 SQI 的半变量图模型，并使用普通克里金法进行内插，利用 QGIS 软件绘制 MZ 图。IQI 和 NQI 显示出适度的空间相关性，从而确定并划分出三个不同的 MZ。容重（Bd）、总孔隙度（TP）、土壤呼吸（SR）、可利用水量（AW）和土壤有机质（SOM）等属性都很重要，可作为农民在水稻生产中恢复土壤质量的指导。该方法证明是有效的，并为研究地区水稻种植区的地方管理提供了信息基础。

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引用次数: 0

Surface soil sampling underestimates soil carbon and nitrogen storage of long-term cover cropping 表层土壤取样低估了长期覆盖种植的土壤碳氮储存量

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00885

Yajun Peng, Laura L. Van Eerd

Cover cropping is a promising management practice for soil health and climate change mitigation by improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks. However, limited studies focused on deeper soil layers (>30 cm depth) where soil C is more stable than that in surface soil (≤30 cm depth). Here, deep soil sampling was conducted in a 15-year cover cropping experiment, in a horticulture-grain system on sandy loam soil. The SOC and TN stocks were expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis using a cubic spline model. Overall, long-term cover cropping had significantly greater SOC and TN stocks by 22 % (95 %CI: 5–43 %) and 26 % (95 %CI: 6–49 %), respectively in the 0–120 cm depth, compared to no cover cropping. Additionally, the mean SOC and TN sequestration rate (0–30 cm depth) was 0.53 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 0.06 Mg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. However, if only 0–15 cm depth was evaluated, long-term cover cropping did not significantly affect SOC and TN stocks. These results indicated that shallow sampling (<15 cm depth) may not provide comprehensive information on the effect of long-term cover cropping on soil C and N storage. To better understand the mechanism of bulk soil C and N storage, we investigated their distribution between particulate and mineral-associated organic matter pools (POM and MAOM). We found POM pool was the main store of bulk SOC and TN stocks in surface soils while it was the MAOM pool in deeper soil layers, without soil texture change with soil depth. These findings indicated that soil C and N sources for bulk SOC and TN accrual differed in surface and deeper soils. Our study demonstrated that long-term cover cropping can facilitate SOC accumulation in the soil below 15 cm deep, which calls into question carbon capture protocols that focus on shallow soil depths.

通过提高土壤有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）储量，覆盖种植是一种很有前景的土壤健康和减缓气候变化的管理方法。然而，针对较深土层（30 厘米深）的研究有限，因为与表层土壤（≤30 厘米深）相比，深层土壤中的土壤碳更为稳定。在此，我们在沙质壤土的园艺-谷物系统中进行了为期 15 年的覆盖种植试验，并对深层土壤进行了取样。采用三次样条模型，以等效土壤质量为基础，表示 SOC 和 TN 储量。总体而言，与不进行覆盖耕作相比，长期覆盖耕作在 0-120 厘米深度的 SOC 和 TN 储量分别显著增加了 22 %（95 %CI：5-43 %）和 26 %（95 %CI：6-49 %）。此外，平均 SOC 和 TN 固存率（0-30 厘米深度）分别为 0.53 兆克碳/公顷-年-1 和 0.06 兆克氮/公顷-年-1。然而，如果只评估 0-15 厘米深度，长期覆盖种植对 SOC 和 TN 储量的影响并不显著。这些结果表明，浅层取样（15 厘米深）可能无法提供长期覆盖种植对土壤碳和氮储存影响的全面信息。为了更好地了解大体积土壤碳和氮的储存机制，我们研究了它们在颗粒有机质池和矿物相关有机质池（POM 和 MAOM）之间的分布。我们发现，在表层土壤中，颗粒有机质池是大体积 SOC 和 TN 储量的主要存储池，而在深层土壤中，颗粒有机质池则是 MAOM 池，且土壤质地不随土壤深度而变化。这些发现表明，表层土壤和深层土壤中大量 SOC 和 TN 的土壤碳源和氮源不同。我们的研究表明，长期覆盖种植可促进 15 厘米深以下土壤中 SOC 的积累，这就对只关注浅层土壤的碳捕获方案提出了质疑。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrification inhibitor effect on manganese and phosphorus shoot concentrations in maize under different textured soils from northern Germany 硝化抑制剂对德国北部不同质地土壤中玉米锰和磷芽浓度的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00882

Mathew Edung Etabo, Pablo Lacerda Ribeiro, Britta Pitann, Karl Hermann Mühling

High soil pH can result in Mn²⁺ and P deficiency, leading to crop yield losses. Therefore, supplying soil with NH₄⁺-N fertilizer in stabilized or unstabilized form can increase soil Mn²⁺ availability and shoot concentration. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been proposed to lower rhizosphere soil pH, thus improving plant P uptake and preventing P deficiency in soils with high pH. Thus, this study investigated whether NI-stabilized or unstabilized NH₄⁺-N could increase Mn²⁺ availability in three differently-textured soils (sand, loamy sand, and silt loam) and promote Mn²⁺ and P shoot concentration in maize. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of applying NH₄⁺-N fertilizer with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) combined with different nitrogen (N) sources (calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), and ammonium sulphate (AS)). The measured variables were bulk and rhizosphere soil pH and Mn²⁺ availability, maize biomass, as well as Mn²⁺ and P shoot concentrations. The results indicated that DMPP-stabilized AS significantly decreased rhizosphere pH by 7.2 % in loamy sand soil texture compared with unstabilized AS. Similarly, only in the loamy sand texture, DMPP-stabilized AS increased Mn²⁺ availability and shoot concentration by 86 % and 47 %, respectively, relative to unstabilized AS. Furthermore, DMPP-treated AS and AN promoted P shoot concentration by 30 % and 21 % in the loamy sand and silt loam soil textures, respectively, relative to the corresponding N sources without DMPP. Conversely, DMPP did not impact the investigated variables in the sand texture for all N sources. Moreover, AN and AS increased biomass yield, Mn²⁺ availability, and shoot concentration by 72 %, 30 %, and 46 %, respectively, in relation to the CN fertilizer in the sand soil texture. In conclusion, this study confirmed the effectiveness of DMPP-induced rhizosphere acidification in enhancing Mn²⁺ and P shoot concentration in loamy sand soil textures, as well as P shoot concentration in fine-textured soil.

土壤 pH 值过高会导致 Mn2+ 和 P 缺乏，从而导致作物减产。因此，向土壤提供稳定或非稳定的 NH4+-N 肥料可增加土壤中 Mn2+ 的供应量和芽的浓度。有人提出硝化抑制剂（NIs）可以降低根瘤土壤的 pH 值，从而提高植物对 P 的吸收，防止高 pH 值土壤中 P 的缺乏。因此，本研究调查了硝化抑制剂稳定或未稳定的 NH4+-N 能否提高三种不同质地土壤（沙土、壤土和粉砂质壤土）中的 Mn2+ 供应量，并促进玉米中 Mn2+ 和 P 的芽浓度。进行了两项温室试验，研究施用含有或不含硝化抑制剂 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）的 NH4+-N 肥料与不同氮源（硝酸钙（CN）、硝酸铵（AN）和硫酸铵（AS））结合的效果。测量的变量包括土壤容重和根圈土壤 pH 值、Mn2+ 可利用性、玉米生物量以及 Mn2+ 和 P 的芽浓度。结果表明，与未经稳定化的 AS 相比，经 DMPP 稳定化的 AS 能显著降低壤质砂土的根瘤层 pH 值 7.2%。同样，仅在壤土质地中，DMPP 稳定的 AS 与未稳定的 AS 相比，Mn2+ 的可用性和芽浓度分别提高了 86% 和 47%。此外，相对于未添加 DMPP 的相应氮源，经 DMPP 处理的 AS 和 AN 能使壤土和粉砂质土壤中的钾芽浓度分别提高 30% 和 21%。相反，对于所有氮源，DMPP 对沙土质地中的调查变量没有影响。此外，在沙质土壤中，与 CN 肥料相比，AN 和 AS 可使生物量产量、Mn2+ 可利用性和嫩枝浓度分别提高 72%、30% 和 46%。总之，本研究证实了 DMPP 诱导的根圈酸化能有效提高壤质砂土中 Mn2+和 P 的芽浓度，以及细粒土壤中 P 的芽浓度。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating soil physicochemical factors influencing trace element contamination at the semi-urban-rural home gardening interfaces on the Fiji Islands 调查影响斐济群岛半城市-农村家庭园艺界面痕量元素污染的土壤理化因素

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00884

Vimlesh Chand , Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam , Md Yousuf Mia , Md Saiful Islam , Md Abdullah Al Masud , Rahat Khan , Subodh Chandra Pal , Sudhir Kumar Singh , Rozleen Roslyn Deo

Due to its ecological and public health implications, home gardening soil pollution is challenging. However, the physicochemical factors of trace element pollution in semi-urban-rural home gardening soil interfaces in Fiji are unclear. Self-organizing map (SOM), chemometrics, compositional data analysis (CDA), and soil quality indices were used to evaluate spatial patterns, contamination characteristics, sources, and factors affecting trace element contamination in 55 soil samples from semi-urban and rural Fiji. The average contents of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable forms of trace element levels (mg/kg) increased in rural areas as Fe (55.7) > Mn (40.4) > Zn (9.4) > Cu (5.9) and semi-urban areas as Fe (55.2) > Zn (35.9) > Mn (37.1) > Cu (16.1). Rural soils have less ecological risks to home gardening than semi-urban soils. SOM and CDA analysis showed four spatial clusters: clusters 1 and 3 are natural geogenic in rural regions while clusters 2 and 4 are human-induced non-point sources in semi-urban areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that semi-urban Cu-Zn was more affected by manufacturing emissions or fertilization, whereas rural Fe-Mn was more likely to be lithogenic. The research found that pH and organic matter significantly affect Cu and Zn pollution in semi-urban soils (p < 0.05). For rural and semi-urban soils, trace element subsets explained 44 %–87 % of soil contamination changes using the stepwise regression model. These findings aid to establishing a primary database of eco-environmental risks and facilitate comprehensive strategies for assessing soil contamination and potential threats to food safety.

由于其对生态和公共健康的影响，家庭园艺土壤污染具有挑战性。然而，斐济半城市-农村家庭园艺土壤界面中微量元素污染的物理化学因素尚不清楚。研究人员利用自组织图（SOM）、化学计量学、成分数据分析（CDA）和土壤质量指数评估了斐济半城市和农村地区 55 个土壤样本中微量元素污染的空间模式、污染特征、来源和影响因素。二乙烯三胺五乙酸（DTPA）可萃取形式的微量元素平均含量（毫克/千克）在农村地区增加为铁（55.7）> 锰（40.4）> 锌（9.4）> 铜（5.9），在半城市地区增加为铁（55.2）> 锌（35.9）> 锰（37.1）> 铜（16.1）。与半城市化土壤相比，农村土壤对家庭园艺的生态风险较小。SOM 和 CDA 分析显示出四个空间群：群 1 和群 3 是农村地区的自然地质源，群 2 和群 4 是半城市地区的人为非点源。主成分分析（PCA）和分层聚类分析显示，半城市地区的铜-锌更多地受到制造业排放或施肥的影响，而农村地区的铁-锰则更多地受到石成源的影响。研究发现，pH 值和有机质对半城市土壤中的铜和锌污染有显著影响（p < 0.05）。对于农村和半城市土壤，使用逐步回归模型，微量元素子集可解释 44 %-87 % 的土壤污染变化。这些研究结果有助于建立生态环境风险初级数据库，促进评估土壤污染和食品安全潜在威胁的综合战略。

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引用次数: 0

Bedrock lithology and tree species type influence soil nitrogen dynamics in a temperate forest 基岩岩性和树种类型对温带森林土壤氮动态的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00880

Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad , Adnan Mustafa , Jaroslav Kukla , Jan Frouz

Despite significant progress in studying soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) cycling in temperate forest soils, understanding of how bedrock lithology and tree species type influence these parameters remains tentative. To address this, we collected soil samples from three depth intervals and plant materials from two distinct tree species, beech, and lime, from sites within the Hyrcanian Forests (Iran) underlain by carbonate and intermediate volcanic bedrock. C and N elemental concentrations and their stable isotope compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were determined for bulk soil and four SOM fractions, including free particulate organic matter (FPOM), macroaggregates, microaggregates, silt + clay-sized fractions, as well as leaf litter and fine roots.

Results indicated that lithology and tree species had no significant relationship with SOC content and δ¹³C of various soil fractions. Along with their δ¹⁵N values, TN contents of bulk soil, FPOM, macro- and microaggregates covaried with tree species and lithology. Total N content in bulk soils underneath lime trees exceeded that found beneath beech trees (0.43 % vs. 0.36 %). In terms of N turnover, volcanic soils showed significantly higher mean ¹⁵N enrichment relative to that observed for carbonate soils. The C and N fluxes observed for different tree species and lithologies revealed a ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment trend in the following order: macroaggregates< microaggregates< silt and clay-sized particles. Our results showed that underlying lithology influences C and N dynamics in forest soils, and the analysis of the natural abundance of ¹³C and ¹⁵N provides detailed information on C and N cycling and stabilization pathways in soil aggregates. Our findings demonstrate the importance of lithology as a factor in nutrient cycle estimates for terrestrial ecosystems.

尽管在研究温带森林土壤的土壤有机碳（SOC）和氮（N）循环方面取得了重大进展，但对基岩岩性和树种类型如何影响这些参数的认识仍处于初步阶段。为了解决这个问题，我们在伊朗海尔卡尼亚森林（Hyrcanian Forests）的碳酸盐岩和中火山岩基岩下采集了三个深度区间的土壤样本和两种不同树种（山毛榉和椴树）的植物材料。结果表明，岩性和树种与 SOC 含量和各种土壤成分的 δ13C 没有显著关系。随着δ15N值的增加，块状土壤、FPOM、大颗粒和微颗粒中的TN含量也与树种和岩性有关。菩提树下大块土壤中的总氮含量超过了榉树下的总氮含量（0.43 % 对 0.36 %）。在氮转化方面，火山岩土壤的 15N 平均富集度明显高于碳酸盐土壤。在不同树种和岩性中观察到的碳和氮通量显示出 13C 和 15N 富集趋势，其顺序如下：大碎屑<；微碎屑<；淤泥和粘土大小的颗粒。我们的研究结果表明，潜在的岩性影响着森林土壤中的碳和氮动态，而 13C 和 15N 的天然丰度分析则提供了土壤团聚体中碳和氮循环及稳定途径的详细信息。我们的研究结果表明了岩性作为陆地生态系统养分循环估算因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0