Geoderma Regional最新文献

{"title":"Five-year decomposition effects on nutrient stocks of woody species in Mediterranean ecosystems","authors":"Giuliano Bonanomi ,&nbsp;Anna De Marco ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Iacomino ,&nbsp;Mohamed Idbella","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term data on nutrient dynamics during woody debris (WD) decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems are not sufficiently explored. This study aims to characterize the stocks of key nutrients (P, K, Ca, Na, and Mn) through a five-year litterbag experiment using ten types of WD, incubated in shrubland and woodland environments in Southern Italy under a Mediterranean climate. To explore relationships between nutrient dynamics and WD traits, thirty anatomical, chemical, and functional traits of undecomposed WD were assessed, including nutrient contents, cellulose and lignin contents, and organic chemical composition via ¹³C NMR analysis. After five years of incubation, the concentration and content of P, K, Ca, Na, and Mn in the WD were quantified. Mass loss after 5 years was higher in woodland (47.6%) than in shrubland (29.6%). Among the species, <em>S. junceum</em>, <em>P. lentiscus</em> and <em>F. carica</em> showed the highest mass losses while <em>C. monspelliensis</em> and <em>E. arboreea</em> recorded the lowest. Regarding nutrient dynamics, we observed net mineralization in 90 experimental cases, while nutrient immobilization occurred in only ten instances, i.e. five were for Mn, three for P, and two for Ca. Nutrient mineralization was significantly influenced by the type of WD and strongly correlated with the initial concentration of each nutrient. Different WD traits showed varying correlations with nutrient mineralization. For example, P release was negatively correlated with lignin concentration, K and Na release were positively associated with decay rates, Ca release was linked to labile C and the initial concentration of Mg, Mn, and Ca, while Mn mineralization was regulated by the availability of the carboxylic C fraction. This study provides the first long-term dataset on nutrient stocks during WD decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems, highlighting the distinct roles of mineralization and immobilization based on nutrient type and WD traits. These findings have critical implications for modelling wood tissue decomposition processes in Mediterranean ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative to mitigate soil compaction and improve crop yield under no-till systems","authors":"Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira ,&nbsp;Vívian Ribeiro de Oliveira Preto ,&nbsp;Cassio Antonio Tormena ,&nbsp;Marcio Renato Nunes ,&nbsp;Guilherme Braga Pereira Braz ,&nbsp;Eduardo da Costa Severiano ,&nbsp;Alvaro Sanz Saez de Jauregui","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil compaction has caused significant crop yield losses owing to deleterious changes in the soil physical quality in the root zone. Our objective was to evaluate the use of seed drills equipped with fixed shanks operating at two depths under different levels of soil compaction as an alternative to mitigate soil compaction and improve crop yield in no-till (NT) conditions. The study was conducted in Paraná, southern Brazil, on a Rhodic Ferralsol under 20 years of NT management. The treatments included <em>(i)</em> four levels of induced soil compaction (0, 3, 6, and 9 tractor passes) and <em>(ii)</em> two operating depths of the seed drill shank (shallow = 10 cm and deep = 15 cm) as a strategy to mitigate soil compaction. The treatment effects on soil physical quality were quantified through soil air permeability, bulk density, water and air storage capacity, and penetration resistance, measured within 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depths. Plant responses to the treatments were quantified by measuring the stem diameter, shoot dry mass, leaf area, plant height, and light interception. We measured the number of pods per plant at harvest, root diameter and length, and the grain yield. Soil compaction caused by tractor traffic increases water retention and decreases air storage capacity in the soil. The deep-acting shank significantly improved soil physical conditions for root growth and development compared with the shallow shank (10 cm), reducing soil bulk density by approximately 20% and penetration resistance by nearly 50%. Improved soil physical conditions within deeper soil layers promoted greater root length in the first 20 cm of soil profile, ensuring greater crop resistance to extreme weather. Overall, using seed drills equipped with deep-acting shanks is an efficient alternative for mitigating topsoil compaction (up to 15 cm) and promoting plant development in NT systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedotransfer functions for Peruvian soils: A web tool for dry bulk density estimation","authors":"Carlos Mestanza ,&nbsp;Miguel Chicchon ,&nbsp;Jonathan Vásquez ,&nbsp;Alexandre ten Caten ,&nbsp;César Beltrán","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry bulk density measurements are crucial in soil science for calculating soil mass and absolute contents of compounds such as carbon, nutrients, or contaminants. Despite its importance, bulk density is often omitted in soil survey due to the specialized equipment and time required for direct measurement. Pedotransfer functions provide an accurately and cost-effective alternative for estimating bulk density from readily available soil data. However, these equations face two key limitations: they lack universal applicability, requiring country-specific production or recalibration to account for national soil conditions and laboratory protocols, and their implementation remains challenging for end-users (e.g., farmers and agronomists), who need simplified tools to implement functions in field settings. Here we developed dry bulk density pedotransfer functions for Peruvian soil conditions and an open-access web tool to facilitate their application. A total of 15 pedotransfer functions were developed, 4 traditional and 11 machine learning-based, the latter including 3 models based on tabular deep learning. Model performance was evaluated based on the root mean square error (RMSE), goodness of fit (R²), and training time (TT). Statistical comparisons between the model predictions were performed with the Friedman test. Our results show that eXtreme Gradient Boosting machine (RMSE = 0.2215 Mg·m⁻³, R² = 0.56, TT = 0.24 s) achieve the highest predictive performance. However, Friedman test revealed no statistically differences among most models, suggesting that traditional approaches, like the multiple linear regression (RMSE = 0.2475 Mg·m⁻³, R² = 0.45, TT = 0.02 s), retain practical advantages due to their simplicity and practicality. Among tabular deep learning, only the Feature Tokenizer Transformer demonstrated competitive performance (RMSE = 0.2278 Mg·m⁻³, R² = 0.54, TT = 223 s), other models showed limited predictive capability, likely due to constraints imposed by our training dataset size. The pedotransfer functions web tool enables end-users to access and utilize the developed models, thereby reducing the knowledge and application gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term partial substitution of chemical fertilizers regulates soil quality and productivity of semi-arid Inceptisols under a pearl millet–wheat system","authors":"Manu Rani ,&nbsp;V. Goyal ,&nbsp;Pradip Dey ,&nbsp;Mamta Phogat ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;S.R. Singh ,&nbsp;I.C. Haokip","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01052","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The long-term effect of partially substituting chemical fertilizers by organic inputs on soil quality and yield of pearl-millet and wheat under semi-arid region of Indo-Gangetic plains of India is unclear. This decadal field experiment (2009–2019) evaluated the impact of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers through organic inputs on soil carbon, microbial dynamics, soil quality and yield of pearl millet-wheat system. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and three replications in ten consecutive cropping cycles from 2009 to 2019. The seven treatments were: Ck- no chemical fertilizer, FYM-farm yard manure @15 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, RDF- recommended dose of N and P, STCR-I- chemical fertilizer for achieving 3.0 and 5.5 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; targeted yield of pearl millet and wheat, respectively, STCR-II- chemical fertilizer for achieving 3.5 and 6.0 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; targeted yield of pearl millet and wheat, respectively, IPNS-I- FYM + chemical fertilizer for achieving 3.0 and 5.5 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; targeted yield of pearl millet and wheat, respectively and IPNS-II-FYM + chemical fertilizer for achieving 3.5 and 6.0 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; targeted yield of pearl millet and wheat, respectively. Treatment IPNS-I and IPNS-II improved nutrient supply system, and yields of pearl millet and wheat by lowering soil pH (7.78 and 7.79), soil bulk density (1.38 Mg m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) and enhancing soil organic carbon (0.83 and 0.85%), C-stock (17.1 and 17.6 Mg C ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and its buildup rate (1.71 to 1.76 Mg C ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). Treatments FYM, IPNS-I and IPNS-II significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) enhanced microbial biomass carbon, potential activities of soil enzymes, soil nutrients and soil quality over the STCR-II, STCR-I, RDF and Ck, however, microbial (M&lt;sub&gt;q&lt;/sub&gt;) and metabolic quotient exhibited reverse trends. The highest SQI (0.795) was recorded with IPNS-I followed by IPNS-II (0.791), T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (0.771) and the lowest in Ck (0.341). Available P, acid phosphatase, available N and Mq were the key soil quality indicators in MDS for the pearl millet-wheat production in semi-arid zone, contributing 20.4, 21.0, 19.6 and 7.96% toward soil quality development, respectively. Treatment IPNS-I and IPNS-II not only achieved the targeted yield of pearl millet and wheat within ±10% yield deviation, but also increased pearl millet yields by 7.83 and 25.6%, and wheat yield by 10.4 and 23.9% over RDF, respectively due to improving SQI. As a result, SQI had significant correlation with grain and stover/straw yield of pearl millet and wheat indicated prominent influence of partial substitution of organic manure to inorganic fertilizers. Thus, our results evinced that long-term partial substitution of inorganic fertilizer based on targeted yield approach of soil test crop response (STCR) provides better environment for pearl millet-wheat productivity in semi-arid Inceptisol of India.&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil multifunctionality and changes in the microbiome community following the transition from forest to agriculture in southern Spain","authors":"Ricardo Andrés Oviedo Celis ,&nbsp;Maria Patiño ,&nbsp;Felipe Bastida ,&nbsp;Cristhian Hernández Gamboa ,&nbsp;José Antonio Pascual ,&nbsp;Margarita Ros","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of forests to cropland, driven primarily by agricultural expansion, can significantly alter ecosystem services and soil multifunctionality. In this study, we examined the effects of forest-to-cropland conversion in two semi-arid areas of Spain on soil chemical properties, microbial activity, and community structure. Sampling sites included perennial crops in soil A and annual crops in soil B, compared to Aleppo pine (<em>Pinus halepensis</em>) forests in both locations (PS and PC). Forest-to-cropland conversion and land use type influenced soil properties, microbial activity, and carbon and nitrogen cycles. We also observed significant differences (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in nutrient content for the two agricultural systems compared to the PS and PC forest soils. The annual crop showed a 61% decrease in total organic carbon, which reduced enzymatic activity compared to the forest soil (PS), where the implementation of perennial crops resulted in up to four times higher levels of nutrients such as phosphorus (P). The multifunctionality of the forest (PS) in soil B showed higher values than those of the cultivated lands, while in soil A, the forest (PS) only showed greater microbial activity. According to our study, the conversion of forests to perennial crops can promote soil management in semi-arid regions. These findings highlight the importance of implementing appropriate soil management strategies after the conversion of forest lands to agricultural use, prioritizing systems that maximize overall ecosystem functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a pedotransfer function for the prediction of nitrogen mineralization in the agricultural soils of Quebec","authors":"Chedzer-Clark Clement ,&nbsp;R. Deragon ,&nbsp;B. Heung ,&nbsp;J. Dessureault-Rompré ,&nbsp;M.O. Gasser ,&nbsp;J.-B. Mathieu ,&nbsp;D.L. Burton","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective nitrogen (N) management is crucial for maximizing crop yields while minimizing environmental impacts. In the agricultural systems of Quebec, soil organic matter mineralization supplies a significant portion of crop N demand, but direct quantification is challenging and costly. This study utilized zero-N trial data to evaluate a two-pool zero-plus first-order kinetic model for predicting growing season N mineralization (GSNM) based on total N (TN) and potentially mineralizable N (PMN). Additionally, machine learning-based pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed to predict TN, PMN, and GSNM from easily measurable soil properties using a large soil health dataset (<em>n</em> = 3117). The kinetic model showed strong agreement between predicted and observed soil N supply, especially with the inclusion of deeper soil layers and early-season mineralization estimates. Recursive feature elimination identified total carbon (TC) and clay as the best predictors for TN, yielding a Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.93 and a coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em>) of 0.86, while soil respiration (SR) and pH best predicted PMN (CCC = 0.89, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.80). For GSNM, SR, TC, and pH were the top predictors (CCC = 0.91, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.83). The developed PTFs provide a practical framework for estimating soil N-pools where direct data is unavailable, ultimately improving site-specific N management decisions. These tools support more efficient fertilizer use and minimize environmental losses. Future research should focus on integrating soil management practices into the development of PTFs and considering spatial and landscape variability through digital soil mapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of parent materials, landforms and climate on the soil properties distribution in northern and central Malawi","authors":"Cornelius Mgobola Chisambi ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Shinjo","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parent material, landform, and climate strongly influence soil properties, yet their combined effects remain underexplored in Malawi. This study analysed B horizon samples from 41 soil profiles developed on diverse parent materials, landforms (rift valley floor, escarpments, mid- and high-altitude plateaus), and climatic zones across northern and central Malawi. Total elemental composition was used to infer parent material origin and weathering intensity, while effective precipitation (EP; precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) ranged from −362 to 954 mm. Based on total elemental composition, soils were grouped into four categories: <strong>silica-rich</strong> (356.0 g kg⁻¹ Si), <strong>iron-rich</strong> (92.4 g kg⁻¹ Fe), <strong>intermediate</strong> (297.1 g kg⁻¹ Si, 55.0 g kg⁻¹ Fe), and <strong>CaMgK enriched</strong> (7.0, 4.6, and 20.0 g kg⁻¹, respectively). Silica-rich soils exhibited high sand, Al³⁺, kaolinite, and quartz contents but low pH, total exchangeable bases (TEB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total reserve bases (TRB), and mica—reflecting felsic parent materials and advanced weathering. These soils, mainly from stable mid-plateaus, were classified as Lixisols, with few Acrisols and Arenosols from the rift valley floor. Iron-rich soils, predominantly from escarpments, had high clay, pH, TEB, CEC (soil and clay), TRB, and mica, indicating not advanced weathering and the presence of weatherable primary minerals. These were mostly Luvisols, Cambisols, and Alisols. Intermediate soils from mid- and high-altitude plateaus showed transitional properties; those from mid-altitude plateau developed into Luvisols and Lixisols, while those from high plateaus under higher EP formed Acrisols. CaMgK enriched soils, common in unstable rift valley and escarpment zones, had the highest pH, TEB, CEC, TRB, and mica but low kaolinite, indicating limited weathering linked to erosion–deposition processes. These were mainly Luvisols, Cambisols, and Vertisols. Increasing EP corresponded with declining pH, TEB, and base saturation, and rising Al³⁺, reflecting leaching and Acrisol formation under wetter and in stable conditions. Overall, parent material, landform, and climate collectively shaped soil properties and classification, with iron-rich soils appearing less weathered than expected, likely due to ongoing tectonic rejuvenation within the Malawi Rift Valley.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rock fragments on water infiltration and physical properties of volcanic soils in southern Brazil","authors":"Geane Alves de Moura ,&nbsp;Fabrício de Araújo Pedron ,&nbsp;Paulo Ivonir Gubiani ,&nbsp;Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin ,&nbsp;Jean Michel Moura-Bueno ,&nbsp;Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches Suzuki ,&nbsp;Noeme da Costa Santos ,&nbsp;Raí Ferreira Batista ,&nbsp;Issa Buana Alfane ,&nbsp;Luís Felipe Rech ,&nbsp;Victor Hugo Carvalho Sabóia ,&nbsp;Bruna Trevizan Paese ,&nbsp;Agnes Estela Fontana","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of rock fragments (RF) is a common feature in agricultural areas with sloping terrain and poorly developed soils, potentially modifying soil physical attributes and water dynamics. We investigated the relationships among RF content, water infiltration, bulk density, and porosity in volcanic agricultural soils of southern Brazil, using 123 sampling points distributed across different soil classes, RF contents, and slope gradients. Infiltration data showed high variability: cumulative infiltration (I) ranged from 3 to 2275 mm, while the steady-state infiltration rate (i) ranged from 2 to 957 mm h⁻¹, both with large standard deviations. No significant differences in i or I were observed among slope classes. We found greater cumulative infiltration, lower bulk density, and higher fine-earth porosity in poorly developed soils (Leptosols and Regosols) with higher RF content. However, RF content did not significantly influence water infiltration in the evaluated soils. Bulk density and total porosity remained relatively stable despite variations in RF content. Infiltration in these stony agricultural soils exhibited high variability and low correlations with morphological and physical properties, indicating a complex multivariate behavior not easily captured by routine analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil color serves as a key pedogenic indicator in the Godavari Basin, India","authors":"Gizachew Ayalew Tiruneh ,&nbsp;Bhaskara Phaneendra ,&nbsp;Ciro Abbud Righi","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Godavari River basin, a major rice —producing region, requires an accurate understanding of soil drainage to enhance crop productivity. Soil color-evaluated using the Munsell chart and converted to the CIE Lab system, acts as a reliable indicator of soil moisture, texture, and drainage. In this system, L* denotes lightness, a* redness, and b* yellowness. A drainage index was derived using Mahalanobis distance based on these color parameters. A total of forty-two soil profiles were opened from three landforms—fluvial, fluviomarine, and marine—using a 1:250,000-scale soil resource inventory. Fluvial soils exhibited clay to silty clay textures with Ap horizons (0–18 cm) and Bg horizons extending beyond 100 cm, indicating sustained alluvial deposition. Fluviomarine soils displayed stratified silty clay to silty clay loam and sand layers with subsoil effervescence, indicating carbonate accumulation under combined fluvial and marine influence. In contrast, marine soils showed lighter silt loam to sandy textures, reflecting slower pedogenesis. CIE Lab analysis showed marine soils are lighter (L* = 50.65) with higher b* values (23.76), while fluvial soils are darker (L* = 33.88) and more reddish-yellow (b* = 12.32). Fluviomarine soils exhibited the highest color variability, reflecting heterogeneous sediment mixing and fluctuating redox conditions. Drainage assessments showed moderate to poor subsoil drainage in fluvial and fluviomarine soils, which influenced root growth, water retention, and soil color. These results demonstrated strong relationships between soil color, texture, and drainage, emphasizing the need for site-specific management to optimize irrigation, fertility, and pedogenesis in the Godavari rice landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil formation conditions, processes and classification on the Baltic Sea coast of Latvia","authors":"Baiba Dirnēna ,&nbsp;Oļģerts Nikodemus ,&nbsp;Karīna Bagāta ,&nbsp;Guntis Brūmelis ,&nbsp;Raimonds Kasparinskis ,&nbsp;Māris Krievāns ,&nbsp;Imants Kukuļs","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the complex and dynamic soil formation processes on the Baltic Sea coast, where the parent material consists of sandy sediments derived from the Baltic Ice Lake. It focuses on morphological and physicochemical transformations driven by recurrent disturbances, including forest fires, wind erosion, potential slash-and-burn agriculture, marine aerosol deposition, and the aeolian transport of beach sand into the forest ecosystem. Pedogenesis initially progressed through podzolization but was subsequently replaced by alkalinization and depodzolization, as indicated by an increase in soil pH and a relatively low Fe_d/Fe_t ratio in the B horizon. This suggested a relatively short podzolization phase, which was further reinforced by the neutralisation of soil acidity and the low organic matter content in the upper horizons. Eolian activity caused the erosion, transport and subsequent burial of the initial soil, preserving morphological characteristics typical of a podzol. However, the chemical properties of the B horizon did not fulfil the criteria for a spodic horizon. Mean pH values in the upper horizons were 7.3 (H₂O) and 6.0 (BaCl₂), whereas pH in the B horizon consistently exceeded 5.9. Elevated concentrations of Ca, Mg and K in the upper soil horizons, along with higher pH, indicated a strong marine aerosol influence. According to WRB 2022, the soils are classified as Eutric Brunic Aeolic Arenosols (Amphiclaric, Novic, Ochric) or Eutric Brunic Aeolic Arenosols (Epiclaric, Novic, Ochric). These findings enhance our understanding of coastal soil pedogenesis, clarify the impact of various disturbances in soil development and highlight the classification challenges posed by coastal aeolian environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}