Geoderma Regional最新文献

Quantitative relationships between Munsell colour attributes and organic carbon in highly weathered tropical soils 高度风化的热带土壤中孟塞尔颜色属性与有机碳的定量关系

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00898

Georges K. Kome , Roger K. Enang , Bernard P.K. Yerima , Eric Van Ranst

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a very important parameter for assessing the quality of agricultural soils. However, the availability and use of such data by resource-poor farmers, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, remains a major challenge due to the financial and time constrains involved. Thus, there is need to assess and adopt reliable methods for the rapid estimation of soil organic carbon content by indigenous farmers and field users. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantitative relationships between soil organic carbon and Munsell colour attributes (value and chroma) in highly weathered tropical soils of the Northwestern Highlands of Cameroon. Forty-six soil profiles (28 Acrisols and 18 Ferralsols), including 46 surface (A) horizons and 181 subsurface horizons (Bo, Bt) were used. Soil organic carbon data and Munsell colour attributes, obtained through standard procedures, were subjected to descriptive statistical, correlation, regression and principal components analyses, in order to evaluate the relationships existing between SOC and Munsell colour attributes. In general, there were negative and significant (p < 0.001) correlations between SOC and all Munsell colour attributes (chroma, value, value + chroma, and value +0.5 chroma). The best models relating SOC and Munsell colour attributes were logarithmic models, with soil colour explaining >70 % of the variance. The results indicate that SOC in highly weathered tropical soils can be conveniently estimated using Munsell soil colour attributes (value + chroma). Better estimates were obtained using logarithmic models for surface (A horizon) soil samples having a sand content >50 %.

土壤有机碳（SOC）是评价农业土壤质量的重要指标。然而，由于所涉及的财政和时间限制，资源贫乏的农民，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲的农民获得和使用这些数据仍然是一项重大挑战。因此，有必要评估和采用可靠的方法来快速估计土着农民和田间使用者的土壤有机碳含量。本研究的目的是评估喀麦隆西北高地高度风化的热带土壤中土壤有机碳与孟塞尔颜色属性（值和色度）之间的定量关系。采用46个土壤剖面（28个Acrisols和18个Ferralsols），包括46个表层(A)层和181个地下层（Bo、Bt）。通过标准程序获得土壤有机碳数据和蒙塞尔颜色属性，对其进行描述性统计、相关分析、回归分析和主成分分析，以评价土壤有机碳与蒙塞尔颜色属性之间的关系。总体而言，存在负性且显著(p <；0.001) SOC和所有孟塞尔色彩属性（色度，值，值+色度和值+0.5色度）之间的相关性。有关土壤有机碳和蒙塞尔颜色属性的最佳模型是对数模型，土壤颜色解释了70%的方差。结果表明，利用孟塞尔土壤颜色属性（值+色度）可以方便地估算热带强风化土壤的有机碳。对含沙量为50%的地表（A层）土壤样品使用对数模型可以得到更好的估计。

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引用次数: 0

The amendment value of pulp and paper mill sludges in Finnish coarse-textured soil 芬兰粗质土壤中纸浆和造纸厂废渣的改良价值

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00894

Mari Räty , Maarit Termonen , Juha Hyvönen , Jaana Uusi-Kämppä , Kirsi Järvenranta , Helena Soinne , Johanna Nikama , Kimmo Rasa , Mikko Järvinen , Riikka Keskinen

As a source of exogenous organic matter, pulp and/or paper mill sludges (PPMS) may have beneficial effects on crop productivity and soil chemical and physical properties. This study's aim was to assess the impacts of two different PPMS materials on crop yields, the quality of percolation water, and soil chemical and hydraulic properties in a three-year field experiment on a silt loam soil in East Central Finland. Fresh (FPMS) and lime-stabilized (LPMS) sludges were applied once at rates of 21–28 fresh-Mg ha⁻¹ in the spring prior to the sowing of grass ley under barley as a cover crop and incorporated into the upper 7 cm soil layer. Supplemental nitrogen (N) was applied at levels of 40 and 80 kg ha⁻¹. A decrease of barley grain yield due to N immobilization was observed at the N level 40 kg ha⁻¹, but the standard N application rate (80 kg ha⁻¹) connected with a moderate C:N ratio (FPMS 27:1, LPMS 24:1) was adequate to avoid significant yield losses. In the second and third year following the PPMS applications, there was a tendency for positive residual effects on the total dry matter yield of grass ley, which could be attributed to slow mineralization of sludge-N. The application of LPMS increased the pH in surface soil by 0.5–0.7-units and Ca concentration by 240–660 mg L⁻¹ of soil relative to the non-amended control over the study period. In the year of PPMS applications, the amendments produced a significant increase (about 2.0 g kg⁻¹) in the total carbon (C) concentrations in the uppermost 10 cm soil layer relative to the non-amended soil. During the following years, the change in soil C was no longer measurable, indicating relatively fast decomposition of sludge-C. Saturated hydraulic conductivity tended to be 1.4 to 2.3 times higher in the PPMS-treated soils than in the non-amended soil. Except for the decline in readily plant-available water, the other common water retention parameters were not significantly affected by the PPMS amendments. There were significant positive treatment effects on the amount of water retained between −13 and − 316 kPa matric potentials, suggesting an increase in medium-sized pores contributing to water storage in the soil. To maintain or enhance the beneficial direct and indirect effects of PPMS on crop yields and soil physico-chemical properties, repeated applications of PPMS are required, possibly combined with the use of organic fertilizers, especially during grass ley years.

作为外源有机物的一种来源，纸浆和/或造纸厂污泥（PPMS）可能会对作物产量以及土壤化学和物理特性产生有益的影响。本研究的目的是在芬兰中东部的淤泥质壤土上进行为期三年的田间试验，评估两种不同的 PPMS 材料对作物产量、渗水质量以及土壤化学性质和水力性质的影响。春季在大麦下播种禾本科牧草作为覆盖作物之前，以 21-28 新鲜毫克/公顷-1 的比例施用新鲜（FPMS）和石灰稳定（LPMS）淤泥，并将其掺入上层 7 厘米的土层中。补充氮（N）的施用量为 40 和 80 千克/公顷。在施氮量为 40 千克/公顷时，大麦因氮固定而减产，但标准施氮量（80 千克/公顷）和适度的碳氮比（FPMS 27:1，LPMS 24:1）足以避免大幅减产。施用 PPMS 后的第二年和第三年，对禾本科牧草干物质总产量的残留影响趋于积极，这可能是由于污泥-氮的矿化速度较慢。与未施用 LPMS 的对照组相比，施用 LPMS 后表层土壤的 pH 值提高了 0.5-0.7 个单位，土壤中的钙浓度提高了 240-660 毫克/升。在施用 PPMS 的当年，与未施用改良剂的土壤相比，最上层 10 厘米土壤中的总碳（C）浓度显著增加（约 2.0 g kg-1）。在接下来的几年中，土壤中 C 的变化已无法测量，这表明污泥-C 的分解速度相对较快。经 PPMS 处理过的土壤的饱和导水率往往比未经改良的土壤高 1.4 到 2.3 倍。除植物可利用水量下降外，其他常见的保水参数并未受到 PPMS 改良剂的显著影响。处理对-13 和-316 kPa matric电位之间的保水量有明显的积极影响，这表明土壤中有助于储水的中等大小孔隙有所增加。为了保持或增强 PPMS 对作物产量和土壤理化性质的直接和间接有益影响，需要重复施用 PPMS，可能的话结合使用有机肥料，尤其是在草地韭菜生长的年份。

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引用次数: 0

Soil organic carbon to clay ratio in different pedoclimatic and agronomic conditions in northeastern North America 北美东北部不同气候和农艺条件下的土壤有机碳粘土比

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00893

I. Chahal , J.P. Amsili , D.D. Saurette , J.A. Bower , A.W. Gillespie , H.M. van Es , L.L. Van Eerd

Soil organic carbon levels are strongly influenced by pedoclimatic and agronomic environments; hence, establishing universal threshold values for SOC to differentiate soils into healthy and degraded classes is nearly impossible. Previously, SOC:clay ratio thresholds were used to classify soils into categories of “degraded”, “moderate”, “good”, and “very good”. Here, by comparing the percentage of soils under these categories, we assessed the applicability of the SOC:clay ratio as an indicator of soil carbon status on 2249 soil samples collected from Ontario (Canada) and New York (USA). Our results confirmed that the classification of soil based on SOC:clay ratio was highly clay biased, inaccurate, and not a true representation of soil degradation status. Fine-textured soils had a high percentage of degraded soils (73 %) whereas coarse textured soils had a large percentage (62 %) of soils with “very good” soil carbon status. Therefore, we do not recommend using SOC:clay ratio as a metric to assess soil carbon or degradation status. Alternatively, as originally proposed by Poeplau and Don (2023), we tested a ratio between actual and expected SOC levels (SOC:SOCexp) as an indicator of soil degradation. Linear regression between SOC and clay content for the pasture systems was used to calculate SOCexp. Our results confirmed that classification of soil based on the SOC:SOCexp ratio was less biased, independent of clay content, and had a positive relationship soil health indicators (aggregate stability, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), pH). Furthermore, we found that SOC:SOCexp better differentiated between soil degradation classes for all the tested soil physical, chemical, and biological properties than SOC:clay. While SOC:SOCexp was found to be a better predictor of soil carbon status than SOC:clay, the SOC:SOCexp thresholds were based on our dataset (a small sample size relative to population) and would not be appropriate across pedo-climatic zones. Overall, we conclude that SOC:clay is not an effective indicator of soil carbon status and SOC:SOCexp might be more useful to assess soil condition and derive baseline soil carbon levels at a regional scale.

土壤有机碳含量受气候和农艺环境的影响很大，因此几乎不可能为 SOC 设定通用阈值，将土壤分为健康和退化两类。以前，SOC：粘土比率阈值被用来将土壤分为 "退化"、"中等"、"良好 "和 "极好 "四类。在此，我们通过比较这些类别下的土壤比例，评估了 SOC:clay 比率作为土壤碳状况指标的适用性，该指标采集自加拿大安大略省和美国纽约的 2249 个土壤样本。我们的研究结果证实，根据 SOC:clay 比率对土壤进行分类存在很大的粘土偏差，而且不准确，不能真实反映土壤退化状况。细粒度土壤中退化土壤的比例较高（73%），而粗粒度土壤中土壤碳状况 "非常好 "的比例较高（62%）。因此，我们不建议使用 SOC:clay 比率作为评估土壤碳或退化状况的指标。另外，根据 Poeplau 和 Don（2023 年）最初提出的建议，我们测试了实际 SOC 水平与预期 SOC 水平之间的比率（SOC:SOCexp）作为土壤退化的指标。牧场系统的 SOC 与粘土含量之间的线性回归用于计算 SOCexp。我们的结果证实，根据 SOC:SOCexp 比率对土壤进行分类的偏差较小，与粘土含量无关，并且与土壤健康指标（团聚体稳定性、高锰酸盐可氧化碳 (POXC)、pH 值）呈正相关。此外，我们发现 SOC:SOCexp 比 SOC:clay 更能区分所有测试土壤物理、化学和生物属性的土壤退化等级。虽然我们发现 SOC:SOCexp 比 SOC:clay 更能预测土壤碳状况，但 SOC:SOCexp 的阈值是基于我们的数据集（相对于人口而言样本量较小）得出的，并不适用于所有气候区。总之，我们的结论是，SOC:粘土不是土壤碳状况的有效指标，SOC:SOCexp 可能更适用于评估土壤条件和得出区域范围内的基准土壤碳水平。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the physical properties of Australian alpine soils to inform ecosystem restoration 探索澳大利亚高山土壤的物理特性，为生态系统恢复提供信息

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00896

Sarah Treby , Susanna Venn , Samantha Grover

Alpine soils are globally threatened and are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In Australia, development and grazing put further pressure on alpine ecosystems. Consequently, land managers and restoration practitioners are increasingly interested in understanding how to tailor revegetation approaches to enhance their success in mountain environments. Because of the intrinsic role of soils in plant-water relationships, the aim of this study was to quantify and compare the physical and hydraulic properties of soils in the Australian Alps. We investigated four common soils that occur across the Australian Alps bioregion: peat soils (organosols), alpine humus soils, skeletal mountaintop soils, and disturbed soils (anthroposols). We quantified and compared soil bulk density, particle density, porosity, water content, infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, and wilting point between soils. We found significant differences in soil properties both within and among each soil, highlighting the importance of understanding local edaphic conditions to improve revegetation outcomes. We recommend that direct measurements of plant establishment, growth, and survival are linked with soil physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties in future research, to build upon these findings.

高山土壤在全球范围内都受到威胁，尤其容易受到气候变化的影响。在澳大利亚，开发和放牧给高山生态系统带来了更大的压力。因此，土地管理者和恢复工作者越来越希望了解如何调整重新植被方法，以提高其在山区环境中的成功率。由于土壤在植物-水关系中的内在作用，本研究旨在量化和比较澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山土壤的物理和水力特性。我们调查了澳大利亚阿尔卑斯生物区常见的四种土壤：泥炭土（有机溶剂）、高山腐殖土、山顶骨架土壤和受干扰土壤（人类溶胶）。我们对不同土壤的容重、颗粒密度、孔隙度、含水量、渗透率、导水性和枯萎点进行了量化和比较。我们发现，每种土壤内部和之间的土壤特性都存在明显差异，这凸显了了解当地气候条件对改善植被重建效果的重要性。我们建议在未来的研究中，将植物的建立、生长和存活率的直接测量与土壤的物理、化学和水力特性联系起来，以巩固这些研究成果。

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引用次数: 0

Wind erosion escalation in western Slovakia driven by climate and land use and land cover shifts 气候、土地利用和土地覆盖变化导致斯洛伐克西部风蚀加剧

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00892

Nikseresht Fahime , Lackoóvá Lenka , Yousefi Saleh

Wind erosion is a major cause of soil degradation and air pollution and is influenced by climate and land use factors. Understanding the mechanisms behind wind erosion dynamics is crucial for mitigating its harmful effects. This study employs an integrated approach, combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology and local knowledge, to comprehensively assess wind erosion in the western region of Slovakia from 2001 to 2021. Using GIS-based AHP, the study assessed the spatial distribution of areas at high risk of wind erosion based on six parameters: wind speed, surface dryness, land use, land cover, soil texture, and field slope. A multicollinearity test was conducted to examine the collinearity of the chosen factors, and it was seen that none of the factors were compromised by multicollinearity. The results showed a significant increase in the risk of wind erosion in the study area over the past 20 years, with very high erosion risk in 2007, 2014, and 2021 increasing by 37 %, 86 %, and 128 %, respectively, compared to 2001. Statistical analyses confirm the significant impact of surface dryness, wind speed, land use, and land cover on wind erosion, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to mitigate erosion risk. The regression analysis underscores the negative relationship between land use and wind erosion, emphasizing the pivotal role of land management in erosion prevention. These findings contribute valuable insights to the discourse on sustainable land use practices and erosion mitigation, particularly in the context of evolving climate dynamics.

风蚀是土壤退化和空气污染的主要原因，并受到气候和土地使用因素的影响。了解风蚀动态背后的机制对于减轻其有害影响至关重要。本研究采用综合方法，结合层次分析法（AHP）和当地知识，对斯洛伐克西部地区 2001 年至 2021 年的风蚀情况进行了全面评估。该研究利用基于地理信息系统的层次分析法，根据风速、地表干燥度、土地利用、土地覆盖、土壤质地和田间坡度这六个参数，评估了风蚀高风险地区的空间分布。对所选因子进行了多重共线性检验，以考察其共线性，结果表明没有一个因子存在多重共线性。结果表明，在过去 20 年中，研究区域的风蚀风险显著增加，与 2001 年相比，2007 年、2014 年和 2021 年的极高风蚀风险分别增加了 37%、86% 和 128%。统计分析证实了地表干燥度、风速、土地利用和土地覆盖对风蚀的显著影响，强调了有必要采取有针对性的策略来降低风蚀风险。回归分析凸显了土地利用与风蚀之间的负相关关系，强调了土地管理在预防侵蚀中的关键作用。这些发现为有关可持续土地利用实践和减少侵蚀的讨论提供了宝贵的见解，尤其是在气候动态不断变化的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Content and quality of soil organic matter in topsoils under different tundra vegetation in central Spitsbergen (High Arctic) 斯匹次卑尔根中部（高纬度北极地区）不同苔原植被下表层土壤有机质的含量和质量

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00891

Anna Bartos, Mateusz Stolarczyk, Wojciech Szymański

Permafrost-affected soils contain a large amount of soil organic matter (SOM) which may become easily available to microbial decomposition due to climate warming. Despite numerous studies conducted on SOM in permafrost-affected soils, our knowledge about its quantity and chemistry requires further enhancement in the central part of Spitsbergen, due to a lack of detailed studies in this area. Especially, very little is known about the link between soil and vegetation in the High Arctic region. The main aim of this study was to determine the quantity and chemistry of SOM in the topsoil horizons of permafrost-affected soils covered with different tundra vegetation types in the vicinity of Longyearbyen (central Spitsbergen). Four types of tundra (pioneer tundra, arctic meadow, wet moss tundra, and heath tundra) were selected for this study. The obtained results indicate that the highest mean content of total organic carbon (TOC, 24.22 %) and total nitrogen (TN, 0.79 %) occurred in topsoils covered with heath tundra, while clearly lower mean contents of TOC and TN were noted in topsoils under wet moss tundra (5.96 %, 0.37 %, respectively), arctic meadow (3.40 %, 0.19 %, respectively), and pioneer vegetation (2.56 %, 0.21 %, respectively). The obtained FTIR-ATR spectroscopy results indicated significant differences in the chemical composition of SOM under different types of tundra. The highest mean value of the aromatic C/aliphatic C ratio (1632/2928 ratio) was noted for topsoils covered with arctic meadow (2.82). On the other hand, the lowest mean value of aromatic C/aliphatic C ratio for SOM was obtained for topsoils covered with heath tundra (0.81). This indicated that SOM in topsoils under heath tundra vegetation is characterized by a higher content of aliphatic compounds in relation to aromatic compounds. Moreover, both soil texture and soil pH significantly affected the content and quality of SOM in the studied topsoils.

受永久冻土影响的土壤含有大量土壤有机质（SOM），由于气候变暖，这些有机质很容易被微生物分解。尽管对受永久冻土影响的土壤中的有机质进行了大量研究，但由于缺乏对斯匹次卑尔根中部地区的详细研究，我们对该地区土壤有机质的数量和化学性质的了解还需要进一步加强。尤其是对北极高纬度地区土壤与植被之间的联系知之甚少。这项研究的主要目的是确定在朗伊尔城（斯匹次卑尔根中部）附近不同冻土植被类型覆盖的受永久冻土影响的土壤表土层中 SOM 的数量和化学性质。这项研究选择了四种类型的苔原（先锋苔原、北极草甸、湿苔藓苔原和石楠苔原）。研究结果表明，被石楠苔原覆盖的表层土壤中总有机碳（TOC，24.22 %）和总氮（TN，0.79 %）的平均含量最高，而湿苔藓苔原（分别为 5.96 % 和 0.37 %）、北极草甸（分别为 3.40 % 和 0.19 %）和先锋植被（分别为 2.56 % 和 0.21 %）下的表层土壤中总有机碳和总氮的平均含量明显较低。傅立叶变换红外-原子吸收光谱分析结果表明，不同类型苔原下 SOM 的化学成分存在显著差异。芳香族碳/脂肪族碳比率（1632/2928 比率）的平均值在北极草甸覆盖的表层土壤中最高（2.82）。另一方面，覆盖有石楠苔原的表层土壤中 SOM 的芳香族 C/ 脂肪族 C 比率平均值最低（0.81）。这表明石楠苔原植被下表层土壤中的 SOM 具有脂肪族化合物含量高于芳香族化合物的特点。此外，土壤质地和土壤酸碱度对所研究表层土中 SOM 的含量和质量也有很大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Subsurface drainage and nitrogen management affects soil properties in upstate Missouri U.S. 地下排水和氮肥管理对美国密苏里州北部土壤特性的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00888

Harpreet Kaur , Kelly A. Nelson , Ranjith Udawatta , Gurpreet Kaur

Enhanced efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizer management may reduce environmental N losses and increase grain yields. The effect of N fertilizer management practices on soil properties is uncertain. In this 5-year study, we evaluated different N fertilizer management [non-treated control (NTC), fall applied anhydrous ammonia (AA) 190 kg N ha⁻¹ with nitrapyrin (fall AA + NI), preplant AA at 190 kg N ha⁻¹ (spring AA), top-dressed urea (TD urea) as 42 kg N ha⁻¹ SuperU and 126 kg N ha⁻¹ ESN as a 25:75 % granular blend] practices in free drained (FD) and non-drained (ND) soils for their impact on soil properties. In FD soils, N fertilization significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil pH, CEC, cations, and Bray I P compared to the NTC. Improved soil aeration and increased plant growth with TD urea and spring AA fertilizer treatments in FD soils increased soil organic matter (OM) 10–13 % and total organic carbon (TOC) 27–35 % compared to the NTC. Increased clay content and reduced silt content were observed in FD soils with N fertilizer treatments compared to NTC. However, fertilizer applications in ND soils had no effect on soil properties. Increased crop production with FD and 4R N fertilizer applications can improve soil properties with increased soil OM and TOC content. This suggests that a synergetic effect of N fertilization and soil drainage can improve soil health by increasing soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), OM, and TOC content.

提高氮（N）肥管理效率可减少环境中的氮损失，提高谷物产量。氮肥管理方法对土壤性质的影响尚不确定。在这项为期 5 年的研究中，我们评估了自由排水土壤（FD）和非排水土壤（ND）中不同的氮肥管理方法[未处理对照（NTC）、每公顷 190 千克氮的秋季施用无水氨（AA）和硝基吡啉（秋季 AA + NI）、每公顷 190 千克氮的播种前 AA（春季 AA）、每公顷 42 千克氮的超级尿素（TD 脲）和每公顷 126 千克氮的 ESN（25:75 % 颗粒混合物）]对土壤性质的影响。与 NTC 相比，在 FD 土壤中施用氮肥能显著（P < 0.05）提高土壤 pH 值、CEC、阳离子和 Bray I P。与 NTC 相比，在 FD 土壤中施用 TD 尿素和春季 AA 肥料可改善土壤通气性并促进植物生长，使土壤有机质（OM）增加 10-13%，总有机碳（TOC）增加 27-35%。与 NTC 相比，FD 土壤中的氮肥处理增加了粘土含量，减少了淤泥含量。然而，在 ND 土壤中施肥对土壤性质没有影响。通过施用 FD 和 4R 氮肥来提高作物产量，可以提高土壤 OM 和 TOC 含量，从而改善土壤性质。这表明，氮肥施用和土壤排水的协同效应可以通过增加土壤阳离子交换容量（CEC）、OM 和 TOC 含量来改善土壤健康。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial communities of urban and industrial polluted soils in the Russian Arctic 俄罗斯北极地区受城市和工业污染土壤中的微生物群落

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00890

Maria Korneykova , Viacheslav Vasenev , Ekaterina Kozlova , Anastasia Soshina , Dmitry Nikitin , Andrey Dolgikh , Natalia Saltan

The Russian Arctic presents a unique environment for studying the effects of anthropogenic pressure on soil microbial communities under severe climatic conditions. This study investigated the impact of chemical pollution on soil microbial properties by comparing urban and industrially polluted soils in Murmansk region with natural Podzols. Urban soils exhibited significant alterations, including shifts in pH and increased carbon and nutrient contents compared to natural soils. Industrially polluted soils near the copper‑nickel smelter were characterized by elevated heavy metal concentration, while those near the aluminum smelter showed high fluorine and aluminum content. In both cases, carbon content and pH remained similar to natural soils. Industrial emissions significantly changed the soil microbiome, with effects varying depending on the pollution source and chemical composition of the emissions. Soils near the copper‑nickel smelter showed a decline in bacterial gene copies and actinomycete mycelium length, with a predominance of Chloroflexii and Ascomycota. Conversely, soils near the aluminum smelter exhibited less pronounced changes, with Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota being prevalent. Despite these differences, both industrially impacted sites displayed reduced microbial diversity, regardless of the composition of the emissions. In contrast, urban soils demonstrated increased microbial diversity, likely attributed to the emergence of new, favorable ecological niches. Microbial communities in both cities were similar, dominated by Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, and displayed an increase in bacterial gene copies compared to natural soils. These findings highlight the contrasting influences of urban and industrial development on soil microbial communities. While industrial activities suppress microbial life, urbanization fosters the creation of new niches, promoting microbial diversity. This underscores the potential of urban soils to support diverse microbial communities, which is crucial for sustainable development and ecological strategies in Arctic cities.

俄罗斯北极地区为研究恶劣气候条件下人为压力对土壤微生物群落的影响提供了独特的环境。这项研究通过比较摩尔曼斯克地区受城市和工业污染的土壤与天然 Podzols，研究了化学污染对土壤微生物特性的影响。与自然土壤相比，城市土壤发生了重大变化，包括 pH 值的变化以及碳和养分含量的增加。铜镍冶炼厂附近受工业污染的土壤重金属浓度较高，而铝冶炼厂附近的土壤氟和铝含量较高。在这两种情况下，碳含量和 pH 值都与天然土壤相似。工业排放物极大地改变了土壤微生物群，其影响因污染源和排放物的化学成分而异。铜镍冶炼厂附近的土壤显示细菌基因拷贝数和放线菌菌丝长度下降，主要是绿藻和子囊菌。相反，铝冶炼厂附近的土壤变化则不太明显，主要是变形菌和担子菌。尽管存在这些差异，但无论排放物的成分如何，这两个受工业影响的地点的微生物多样性都有所降低。相比之下，城市土壤中的微生物多样性有所增加，这可能是由于出现了新的、有利的生态位。两个城市的微生物群落相似，都以变形菌和子囊菌为主，与自然土壤相比，细菌基因拷贝数有所增加。这些发现凸显了城市和工业发展对土壤微生物群落的不同影响。工业活动抑制了微生物的生存，而城市化则促进了新壁龛的形成，提高了微生物的多样性。这凸显了城市土壤支持多样化微生物群落的潜力，这对北极城市的可持续发展和生态战略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Higher temperature accelerates carbon cycling in a temperate montane forest without decreasing soil carbon stocks 温度升高会加速温带山地森林的碳循环，但不会降低土壤碳储量

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00889

Idri Hastuty Siregar , Marta Camps-Arbestain , Tao Wang , Miko U.F. Kirschbaum , Gabor Kereszturi , Alan Palmer

Global warming is expected to accelerate the cycling of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the assimilation of new carbon, but the net effect of those counteracting accelerations and their ultimate effects on SOC are still uncertain. This hinders the prediction of long-term changes in biospheric carbon stocks and SOC-climate feedbacks. Here, we studied the long-term effect of temperature on carbon cycling across a 3.2 °C altitudinal temperature gradient in a temperate forest ecosystem in New Zealand. Across the gradient, soil respiration rates increased with increasing temperature from 9.0 to 10.4 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, but SOC stocks down to 85 cm depth also tended to increase, from 154 to 176 tC ha⁻¹, albeit non-significantly (P = 0.06). This system was able to maintain higher soil respiration rates at higher temperatures without reducing SOC because the higher respiration rates were sustained by higher litterfall rates. Aboveground litterfall increased from 1.8 to 2.4 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and estimated belowground C inputs increased from 7.2 to 8.0 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ along the temperature gradient. These higher fluxes were associated with significantly (P < 0.05) increased biomass at higher temperatures. As a direct measure of the effect of temperature on carbon cycling processes, we also calculated the turnover rate of forest litter which increased about 1.4-fold across the temperature gradient. This study demonstrates that higher temperatures along the thermal gradient increased plant carbon inputs through enhanced gross primary production, which counteracted SOC losses through temperature-enhanced soil respiration. These results suggest that temperature sensitivities of both plant carbon inputs and SOC losses must be considered for predicting SOC-climate feedbacks.

预计全球变暖将加速土壤有机碳（SOC）的循环和新碳的同化，但这些反作用加速的净效应及其对 SOC 的最终影响仍不确定。这阻碍了对生物圈碳储量长期变化和 SOC-气候反馈的预测。在此，我们研究了温度对新西兰温带森林生态系统中3.2 °C高度温度梯度上碳循环的长期影响。在整个梯度上，土壤呼吸速率随着温度的升高而增加，从 9.0 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 10.4 吨碳/公顷-年，但 85 厘米深度以下的 SOC 储量也有增加的趋势，从 154 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 176 吨碳/公顷-年，尽管增加的幅度不大（P = 0.06）。该系统能够在较高温度下保持较高的土壤呼吸速率而不减少 SOC，因为较高的呼吸速率是由较高的落叶率维持的。沿温度梯度，地上落叶量从 1.8 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 2.4 吨碳/公顷-年，估计地下碳输入量从 7.2 吨碳/公顷-年增加到 8.0 吨碳/公顷-年。这些较高的通量与较高温度下生物量的显著增加有关（P < 0.05）。作为温度对碳循环过程影响的直接测量，我们还计算了森林枯落物的周转率，该周转率在温度梯度上增加了约 1.4 倍。这项研究表明，沿温度梯度较高的地区通过提高总初级生产量增加了植物碳输入，这抵消了通过温度提高土壤呼吸作用造成的 SOC 损失。这些结果表明，在预测 SOC-气候反馈时，必须考虑植物碳输入和 SOC 损失对温度的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Co-amendment of silicate dust and manure improves soil health metrics and crop yield in coarser-textured more than medium-textured soils 硅酸盐粉尘和粪肥的共同添加可改善粗粒土壤的土壤健康指标和作物产量，而不是中等粒度土壤的健康指标和作物产量

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00887

Segun O. Oladele , Gustavo Curaqueo , Moses A. Awodun

Silicate rock dust and manure admixtures are increasingly considered to improve crop growth and soil health. Soil application of silicate rock dust can capture and store atmospheric CO₂ as inorganic carbon but could also have the potential to stabilize manure-derived organic matter when combined. However, synergies between rock dust and manure have been rarely investigated, while identifying the optimal combination rate remains elusive. Here, we set up a field trial in two contrasting kaolinitic soil (coarse-textured sandy loam and medium-textured silt loam) amended with a modest realistic rate of broiler manure (10 Mg ha⁻¹) [100 %], finely ground silicate rock dust (granite) (10 Mg ha⁻¹) [100 %], and a combination of manure (7 Mg ha⁻¹) + rock dust (3 Mg ha⁻¹) [70:30 %], manure (5 Mg ha⁻¹) + rock dust (5 Mg ha⁻¹) [50:50 %] and an un-amended control to investigate their effects on a leafy vegetable plant (Amaranthus cruentus) and metrics of soil health, and an incubation experiment to monitor soil heterotrophic CO₂ emission. Despite a reduction in manure input, the manure-rock dust mixture outperformed sole manure by increasing vegetable fresh herbage yield (by 19 %) and enhancing all soil health metrics, as revealed by the decrease in soil acidity, increased soil EC and soil total C, enhanced N availability and retention, increased bioavailable P, decreased soil dissolved organic C losses, increased soil microbial activity, and improved soil physical properties (viz., soil aggregate, bulk density, porosity, and water infiltration). Soil texture modulates the effects of manure-rock dust, as demonstrated by the better response from coarse-textured sandy loam than medium-textured silt loam soil. Manure-rock dust admixture [50:50] ratio decreased soil CO₂ emissions by 26 % and 54 %, respectively, in sandy loam and silt loam soil texture compared to sole manure. The synergistic performance of manure-rock dust admixture at 70:30 and 50:50 ratios was similar; however, to reduce nutrient limitation in the soil towards a more nutrient-equilibrated system while enhancing soil functioning and mitigating CO₂ emissions, we adjudged the manure-rock dust [70:30] ratio to be optimal.

硅酸盐岩粉和粪肥混合物越来越多地被认为可以改善作物生长和土壤健康。在土壤中施用硅酸盐岩粉可以捕捉和储存大气中的二氧化碳（作为无机碳），同时也有可能稳定粪肥中的有机物。然而，很少有人研究过岩屑与粪肥之间的协同作用，而确定最佳结合率仍然是个难题。在这里，我们在两种对比强烈的高岭土（粗质砂壤土和中质粉砂壤土）中进行了田间试验，分别使用肉鸡粪便（10 兆克/公顷-1）[100%]、磨细的硅酸盐岩屑（花岗岩）（10 兆克/公顷-1）[100%]以及粪便（7 兆克/公顷-1）+岩屑（3 兆克/公顷-1）[70：粪肥（5 毫克/公顷-1）+石粉（5 毫克/公顷-1）[50:50%]和未加改良的对照组，以研究它们对叶菜类植物（Amaranthus cruentus）和土壤健康指标的影响。尽管粪肥投入量减少了，但粪肥-岩屑混合物的效果优于单一粪肥，因为它提高了蔬菜鲜草产量（19%），并改善了所有土壤健康指标，具体表现在土壤酸度降低、土壤导电率和土壤总碳增加、氮的可利用性和保持率提高、生物可利用钾增加、土壤溶解有机碳损失减少、土壤微生物活动增加以及土壤物理性质（即土壤团粒结构、容重、孔隙度和水渗透性）改善。土壤质地会调节粪便-岩石粉尘的效果，这一点从粗质沙质壤土比中质粉质壤土更好的反应中可以看出。在沙质壤土和淤泥质壤土中，粪肥与石粉的混合比例为[50:50]，与单独使用粪肥相比，土壤二氧化碳排放量分别减少了 26% 和 54%。粪肥与石粉的混合比例为 70:30 和 50:50，两者的协同作用效果相似；但是，为了减少土壤中的养分限制，建立一个养分更均衡的系统，同时提高土壤功能和减少二氧化碳排放，我们认为粪肥与石粉的混合比例[70:30]是最佳的。

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引用次数: 0