Geoderma Regional最新文献_第4页

Topsoil development along a litho-climatic sequence of deposited aeolian sediments in the semiarid Pampas (Argentina) 半干旱潘帕斯草原表层土壤沿沉积风成沉积物的岩石-气候序列发育

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01068

M.G. Berger , R. Funk , M. Leue , M. Sommer , D.E. Buschiazzo , L.A. Iturri

The remaining Caldenal forests patches in the semiarid Pampas are a sink for aeolian sediments originating from the neighboring agricultural lands. The A horizon inside these patches has developed above a volcanic ash layer deposited in 1932. This particularity allows quantifying the thickening rate and soil development in a relatively short period (since 1932 to present). To evaluate the possible soil development in a semiarid environment under variable texture and climatic conditions, the A horizons of six SW to NE ordered sites were analyzed. Results showed that A horizons thickness increased from SW to NE, in agreement with the direction of the prevailing winds. Soil texture was finer in the same direction, with means of 130.4 μm (fine sand, SW extreme) and 82.4 μm (very fine sand, NE extreme). The size and the rounded shape of the particles composing the A horizons agree with an aeolian origin of the sediments. Higher soil development, expressed by darker colors, better structure (granular and subangular aggregate types of moderate to strong degree) and higher organic C concentrations (4.5%), was detected to the NE, which coincided with finer texture and higher mean annual precipitation and temperature. Results showed that forest patches are not only sinks for C enriched wind-blown sediments in semiarid environments, but also promote topsoil development even in a short period. Outcomes may be useful to couple to studies on dust and C distribution in the agroecosystem, with the aim off achieving the land neutrality at landscape scale.

半干旱的潘帕斯草原上剩余的月历森林是来自邻近农田的风成沉积物的储存库。这些斑块内的A层是在1932年沉积的火山灰层之上形成的。这种特殊性使得在相对较短的时间内（从1932年至今）可以量化增厚率和土壤的发展。为了评价不同质地和气候条件下半干旱环境下土壤发育的可能性，对6个西南至东北顺序样地的a层进行了分析。结果表明：A层厚度由西南向东北增加，与盛行风方向一致；同一方向土壤质地较细，平均值为130.4 μm（细砂，西南极值）和82.4 μm（极细砂，东北极值）。组成A层的颗粒的大小和圆形形状与沉积物的风成成因一致。东北向土壤发育程度较高，表现为颜色较深、结构较好（中至强粒状和亚角团聚体类型）、有机碳浓度较高（4.5%），与东北向土壤质地较细、年平均降水量和温度较高相一致。结果表明，半干旱环境下，森林斑块不仅是富碳风吹沉积物的汇，而且在短时间内促进表层土壤发育。研究结果可能有助于对农业生态系统中沙尘和碳分布的耦合研究，以期在景观尺度上实现土地中性。

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引用次数: 0

Sewage sludge and its biochar as organic amendments: Modulating microbial activity, nutrient dynamics, and chemical properties in sandy soil cultivated with sugarcane 污泥及其生物炭作为有机改良剂：调节甘蔗栽培沙土中微生物活性、营养动态和化学性质

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01036

Caio Nunes Gonçalves , Felipe José Cury Fracetto , William Ramos da Silva , Thiago Massao Inagaki , Renato Lemos dos Santos , Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto , Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira

Sewage sludge-derived biochar, a carbon-rich material produced by the pyrolysis of sewage sludge, has emerged as a promising amendment for enhancing the fertility and biological quality of nutrient-poor sandy soils in tropical regions. We investigated the effects of sewage sludge (SS) and its biochar (SSB) on microbial indicators, nutrient dynamics, and sugarcane biomass growth in sandy soil over 120 days. Treatments included individual applications of SS (40 Mg ha⁻¹) and SSB (20 Mg ha⁻¹), their combinations at 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 SS:SSB ratios, a mineral fertilizer, and an unfertilized control. Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), basal C-CO₂ flux, metabolic (qCO₂) and microbial (qMic) quotients were monitored, along with ammonium and nitrate levels, available phosphorus (P), and carbon stock. SS promoted a rapid rise in microbial activity and Cmic, whereas SSB sustained these effects over time, demonstrating complementary roles. The 75:25 combination exhibited the strongest synergistic response, enhancing microbial efficiency (higher qMic and lower qCO₂), P availability, and carbon storage. Ammonium and nitrate peaked during early and mid-stages, respectively, with the highest values under SS. At the same time, P availability and soil carbon stocks were maximized under 75:25. Sugarcane biomass increased significantly in this treatment, despite foliar N and P concentrations remaining below sufficiency levels. These results highlight clear synergistic interactions between SS and SSB, emphasizing that the 75:25 combination offers a balanced strategy to improve nutrient cycling, microbial functionality, and carbon stabilization in tropical sandy soils.

污水污泥衍生的生物炭是一种由污水污泥热解产生的富含碳的材料，已成为提高热带地区营养贫乏的沙质土壤肥力和生物质量的有希望的改良剂。研究了污水污泥（SS）及其生物炭（SSB）对沙质土壤微生物指标、养分动态和甘蔗生物量生长的影响。处理包括单独施用SS （40 Mg ha - 1）和SSB (20 Mg ha - 1)，它们以75:25、50:50和25:75的SS:SSB比例组合施用，施用矿物肥和不施肥的对照。监测微生物生物量碳（Cmic）、基础C-CO2通量、代谢（qCO2）和微生物（qMic）商，以及铵态氮和硝态氮水平、有效磷(P)和碳储量。SS促进了微生物活性和Cmic的快速上升，而SSB随着时间的推移维持了这些影响，显示出互补的作用。75:25组合表现出最强的协同效应，提高了微生物效率（更高的qMic和更低的qCO2）、磷有效性和碳储量。铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别在前期和中期达到峰值，其中SS处理最高。同时，磷有效性和土壤碳储量在75:25处理下达到最大值。尽管叶片氮磷浓度仍低于充足水平，但该处理显著增加了甘蔗生物量。这些结果强调了SS和SSB之间明显的协同作用，强调75:25的组合提供了改善热带沙质土壤养分循环、微生物功能和碳稳定的平衡策略。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid analysis of farm-scale soil cadmium concentrations using a regional soil spectral library 利用区域土壤光谱库快速分析农田尺度土壤镉浓度

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01063

G. Shrestha , R. Calvelo-Pereira , P. Roudier , G. Kereszturi , P. Jeyakumar , A.P. Martin , R.E. Turnbull , C.W.N. Anderson

Monitoring soil cadmium (Cd) at farm-scales (average 3 km²) can potentially be rapid and cost-efficient by implementing proximal sensing techniques benefiting from a leveraged regional-scale (≥ 40,000 km²) soil spectral library (RSSL). However, prediction models based on RSSL are often of limited use when applied at farm-scales because the coarseness of the RSSL. In this study, a New Zealand RSSL was used to assess the Cd concentration in a farm-scale sample set. For all samples, total Cd was determined, and visible-near-infrared (vis-NIR), mid-infrared (MIR), and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectra were collected. A localisation technique to predict farm-scale Cd using RSSL spectral data was developed, based on spectral similarity or land use similarity relative to the farm-scale samples, and/or supplemented with selected farm-scale samples, as input for partial least squares regression and LOCAL algorithms. A model using MIR data from a RSSL pastoral samples subset (n = 283) spiked with 12 extra weighted (×4) farm-scale samples as an input for a LOCAL algorithm, quantified Cd optimally (root mean square error = 0.22 mg Cd/kg; concordance correlation coefficient = 0.78; ratio of performance to interquartile distance = 1.93). Spiking the RSSL subset with farm-scale samples, including otherwise under-represented attributes such as soil order and Cd concentration range, improved the performance of models predicting farm-scale total Cd concentrations. A hybrid technique of localisation approach considered in this study may reduce compliance costs for Cd surveying and management, benefiting farmers.

通过实施得益于区域尺度（≥40000平方公里）土壤光谱库（RSSL）的近端传感技术，在农场尺度（平均3平方公里）监测土壤镉（Cd）可能会快速且具有成本效益。然而，由于RSSL的粗糙性，基于RSSL的预测模型在农场规模上的应用往往受到限制。在本研究中，使用新西兰RSSL来评估农场规模样本集中的Cd浓度。测定所有样品的总Cd，并收集可见-近红外（vis-NIR）、中红外（MIR）和便携式x射线荧光（pXRF）光谱。开发了一种利用RSSL光谱数据预测农场规模Cd的定位技术，该技术基于与农场规模样本的光谱相似性或土地利用相似性，并/或辅以选定的农场规模样本，作为偏最小二乘回归和LOCAL算法的输入。该模型使用来自RSSL田园样本子集（n = 283）的MIR数据，并将12个额外加权（×4）农场规模样本作为LOCAL算法的输入，以最佳方式量化Cd（均方根误差= 0.22 mg Cd/kg；一致性相关系数= 0.78；性能与四分位数距离之比= 1.93）。用农场规模的样本（包括土壤顺序和Cd浓度范围等未充分代表的属性）对RSSL子集进行处理，提高了预测农场规模总Cd浓度的模型的性能。本研究考虑的本地化混合技术可以降低镉调查和管理的合规成本，使农民受益。

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引用次数: 0

Stocks and stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in agricultural mineral soil profiles with views on the carbon sequestration 农业矿质土壤中碳、氮、磷的储量和化学计量学特征及其对碳固存的看法

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01058

Sichu Wang , Oona Uhlgren , Anna-Reetta Salonen , Sanna Kanerva , Asko Simojoki , Tuomas Mattila , Jussi Heinonsalo

The stoichiometric ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soils influence nutrient availability for soil microorganisms and thus the efficiency of C sequestration. Subsoil horizons are known to be potential sinks for sequestering substantial amounts of C. However, limited information is available regarding soil C:N:P stoichiometry in the subsoil and its role in regulating soil organic C stocks. This study investigated the vertical variations in C, N and P stocks and their ratios down to one meter in boreal agricultural soils. We further explored the response of soil C:N:P stoichiometry to the soil physical characteristics and the subsequent impacts on C stocks. The stocks of C and N decrease sharply with soil depth, whereas P shows a more gradual decline, resulting in a decrease in the ratios of C:P and N:P. Stoichiometric ratios were more constrained in the topsoil compared with subsoil, and were estimated to be on the average 83:6:1 and 21:2:1 in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. C stock in the subsoil layers were more strongly limited by stoichiometric ratios (N:P) than those in the topsoil. From the stoichiometric perspective, agricultural soils in Finland exhibit an excess of total P but are limited in C and N for soil microorganisms. Soil compaction amplifies the already existing nutrient imbalance, potentially reducing C stocks in subsoil. This study deepens our understanding of the coupling and interaction among soil C, N and P in relation to soil C sequestration.

土壤中碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)的化学计量比影响土壤微生物的养分有效性，从而影响碳的固存效率。众所周知，地下土层是吸收大量碳的潜在汇。然而，关于地下土壤C:N:P化学计量及其在调节土壤有机碳储量中的作用的信息有限。研究了北方农业土壤中碳、氮、磷储量及其比例的垂直变化规律。进一步探讨了土壤C:N:P化学计量对土壤物理特征的响应及其对碳储量的影响。随着土层深度的增加，碳、氮储量急剧减少，而磷储量的减少较为缓慢，导致碳磷比和氮磷比下降。与底土相比，表土的化学计量比更受限制，估计表层土和底土的平均化学计量比分别为83:6:1和21:2:1。地下碳储量受氮磷比（N:P）的限制比表层更强。从化学计量学的角度来看，芬兰农业土壤中总磷含量过高，但土壤微生物的C和N含量有限。土壤压实加剧了已经存在的养分不平衡，潜在地减少了底土中的碳储量。本研究加深了我们对土壤C、N、P与土壤碳固存之间耦合和相互作用的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of three - horizon soil maps based on different soil texture datasets for Denmark 基于不同土壤纹理数据集的丹麦三层土壤图的验证

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01049

Alireza Motevalli, Bo V. Iversen, Charles Pesch, Christen Duus Børgesen

In arable production and environmental planning, accurate soil maps are crucial for informed decision-making. However, creating precise digital soil maps is challenging due to regional and field spatial variations in soil texture caused by diverse pedogenic factors. This research focuses on evaluating a Danish three-layer root zone (0–120 cm depth) soil map (AC map). Over the last decade, the AC map has served as a key input in diverse applications including soil texture, bulk density, content of organic matter, soil profile classification, maximum rooting depth, and hydraulic parameters across three horizons. Validation was conducted by using two datasets: a dependent dataset comprising data from the Danish textural database and Danish profile database and an independent dataset that never have been used for AC map creation. The dependent dataset contained 37,948 points for the A horizon (0–30 cm), 5892 for the B horizon (35–75 cm), and 1136 for the C horizon (70–120 cm), while the independent dataset included 4879 observation points for the A horizon. For dependent datasets, nested k-fold cross-validation and for independent datasets, all of datasets were applied to calculate mean root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE), alongside difference tests (D-values), cumulative mass functions (CMFs), and residual regression kriging (RRK) comparing measured and predicted values. Results showed that the clay content in the A horizon was well-predicted with low D-values and a low bias in contrast to the horizons in the subsoil that were less good predicted. The independent dataset (A horizon) gave higher ME and D-values than the dependent data, which was expected, but the validation also showed that the AC map remains accurate, unbiased, and operationally reliable soil maps on regional scale and has served as a reliable data source in regional hydrological modelling studies conducted over the past decades in Denmark.

在耕地生产和环境规划中，准确的土壤地图对于知情决策至关重要。然而，由于不同的成土因素造成的土壤质地的区域和田野空间差异，创建精确的数字土壤地图是具有挑战性的。本研究的重点是评价丹麦三层根区（0-120 cm深度）土壤图（AC图）。在过去的十年中，AC图在土壤质地、容重、有机质含量、土壤剖面分类、最大生根深度和三个层位的水力参数等多种应用中发挥了关键作用。通过使用两个数据集进行验证：一个是由丹麦纹理数据库和丹麦轮廓数据库数据组成的依赖数据集，另一个是从未用于AC地图创建的独立数据集。依赖数据集包含A地平线（0-30 cm） 37,948个观测点，B地平线（35-75 cm） 5892个观测点，C地平线（70-120 cm） 1136个观测点，而独立数据集包含A地平线4879个观测点。对于依赖数据集、嵌套k-fold交叉验证和独立数据集，所有数据集都应用于计算均方根误差（RMSE）和平均偏差误差（MBE），以及差异检验（d值）、累积质量函数（CMFs）和残差回归克里金（RRK）来比较实计值和预测值。结果表明，A层粘土含量预测较好，d值较低，偏差较小，而底土层的预测效果较差。独立数据集（A地平线）给出了比依赖数据更高的ME和d值，这是预期的，但验证也表明AC地图在区域尺度上仍然是准确、公正和操作可靠的土壤图，并在过去几十年在丹麦进行的区域水文建模研究中作为可靠的数据源。

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引用次数: 0

Mineralogical controls on the resilience of ferruginous duricrusts in coastal landscapes along Brazil's Atlantic margin: Implications for climate change adaptation 巴西大西洋沿岸沿海景观中含铁硬壳恢复力的矿物学控制：对气候变化适应的影响

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01020

Marcel Sarcinelli Pimenta , David Lukas de Arruda , Marcelo Metri Corrêa , Salomão Silva Calegari , Diego Lang Burak , Oldair Del Arco Vinhas Costa , Danilo de Lima Camêlo

Ferruginous laterites and duricrusts are widespread across Brazil's Coastal Tablelands (Barreiras Formation), yet their genesis and variability remain debated. We investigated ferruginous duricrusts from southeastern and northeastern Brazil to identify mineralogical controls on stability and propose a genetic framework. Using X-ray diffraction (phase assemblages, crystallinity proxies), selective iron extractions (CBD, AAO), magnetic susceptibility, micromorphology/SEM–EDS, and multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering), we propose a two–end-member model for Barreiras-related ferruginous systems: (i) autochthonous ferruginous laterites developed in situ that culminate in hematite-dominated ferruginous duricrusts, which are less Al-substituted, with coalesced Fe nodules, and strong Fe-oxide impregnation; and (ii) allochthonous ferruginous laterites composed of reworked pisolithic/nodular material that is comparatively goethite-rich. PCA/HCA discriminate these end members by Fe-oxide indices and elemental composition, confirming distinct mineralogical–geochemical signatures. Regionally, southeastern duricrusts, being more hematitic and exhibiting lower Al substitution in goethite, appear more susceptible to reductive dissolution and metal mobility under enhanced hydrologic variability, whereas northeastern, comparatively goethite-rich and more Al-substituted ferruginous duricrusts show greater resilience, implying different management strategies.

含铁红土和硬壳岩广泛分布于巴西沿海高原（巴雷拉斯地层），但其成因和可变性仍有争议。我们调查了巴西东南部和东北部的含铁硬壳，以确定矿物学对稳定性的控制，并提出了一个遗传框架。利用x射线衍射（相组合，结晶度代理），选择性铁萃取（CBD， AAO），磁化率，微观形貌/ SEM-EDS和多变量分析（主成分分析和分层聚类），我们提出了barreiras相关含铁体系的双端元模型：(1)原位发育原生含铁红土，最终形成以赤铁矿为主的含铁硬壳，其铝取代程度较低，铁结核结连，铁氧化物浸渍作用强；（ii）异种含铁红土，由改造过的微晶/结核物质组成，相对富含针铁矿。PCA/HCA通过铁氧化物指数和元素组成对这些端元进行鉴别，确认了不同的矿物地球化学特征。从区域上看，在水文变异性增强的条件下，东南地区的软岩质赤铁矿含量较高，针铁矿中Al取代含量较低，易受还原性溶蚀和金属迁移的影响，而东北地区针铁矿含量较高，Al取代较多的含铁硬岩质则表现出更强的恢复能力，说明不同的管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Soil structure and pH shape prokaryotic communities in lowland soils across Denmark 丹麦低地土壤的土壤结构和pH形状原核生物群落

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01016

Anne-Cathrine Storgaard Danielsen , Charles Pesch , Cecilie Hermansen , Caitlin Margaret Singleton , Thomas Bygh Nymann Jensen , Per Halkjær Nielsen , Mogens Humlekrog Greve , Arka Rudra , Hamed Sanei , Peter Lystbæk Weber , Emmanuel Arthur , Sebastian Gutierrez , Per Møldrup , Signe Normand , Lis Wollesen de Jonge

Agricultural activity in drained lowlands accelerates peat decomposition and greenhouse gas emissions. Rewetting is increasingly adopted across Europe to mitigate these emissions, but its effects on soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. We examined prokaryotic communities and network structure in Danish lowland soils designated for potential rewetting to improve our understanding of these communities and their drivers. We included less-studied soil properties linked to hydrology and structure (soil water content at field capacity, van Genuchten pore-size distribution index (n), and soil water repellency (SWR)) in addition to common properties such as pH and organic carbon (OC). We analysed 113 soil samples across land-use types (grass, fallow, crop, other) spanning mineral to organic soils with gradients in pH (2.0–7.6), OC (0.025–0.499 kg kg^-1), SWR (33.9-71.3 mN m^-1), and soil structure (n: 1.1-1.3). Prokaryotic alpha diversity (Shannon-Wiener index: 2.9–5.7) was best predicted by pH, followed by porosity and n. Together, pH, porosity, n, and OC accounted for 24.5% of the variance in community composition. Hierarchical clustering identified three prokaryotic clusters strongly aligned with pH. Network analysis revealed marginal differences when comparing samples from fallow and grass, while complexity increased progressively across clusters. Interestingly, high-pH soils showed the highest alpha diversity but the least complex networks, while low-pH soils showed the opposite. In conclusion, soil pH emerged as the dominant driver of prokaryotic communities in Danish lowlands, but hydrological and structural properties also played important roles. Network complexity provided complementary insights into ecosystem organisation beyond diversity alone.

排水低地的农业活动加速了泥炭的分解和温室气体的排放。欧洲各地越来越多地采用复湿法来减少这些排放，但其对土壤微生物群落的影响仍然知之甚少。我们研究了丹麦低地土壤中指定的潜在再润湿的原核群落和网络结构，以提高我们对这些群落及其驱动因素的理解。除了pH和有机碳（OC）等常见特性外，我们还纳入了与水文和结构相关的较少研究的土壤特性(田间容量下的土壤含水量、van Genuchten孔径分布指数（n)和土壤疏水性（SWR））。我们分析了113个不同土地利用类型（草地、休耕、作物等）的土壤样品，包括矿质到有机土壤的pH（2.0-7.6）、OC （0.025-0.499 kg kg-1）、SWR （33.9-71.3 mN m-1）和土壤结构（n: 1.1-1.3）的梯度。pH对原核α多样性（Shannon-Wiener指数：2.9 ~ 5.7）的预测效果最好，其次是孔隙度和n。pH、孔隙度、n和OC共占群落组成方差的24.5%。分层聚类鉴定出3个与ph值高度一致的原核生物聚类。网络分析显示，休耕和草地样品之间存在边际差异，而聚类之间的复杂性逐渐增加。高ph土壤的α多样性最高，但其复杂网络最少，而低ph土壤则相反。结果表明，土壤pH值是丹麦低地原核生物群落的主要驱动因素，但水文和结构特性也起着重要作用。网络复杂性提供了对生态系统组织的补充见解，而不仅仅是多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial prediction of soil organic carbon stocks across contrasting Andean basins, Peru 秘鲁安第斯盆地土壤有机碳储量的空间预测

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01026

Carlos Carbajal , Merely Tumbalobos-Dextre , Tatiana Condori-Ataupillco , Nestor Cuellar-Condori , Carla Gavilan

Soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) are critical components of the global carbon cycling and play a central role in climate change mitigation. However, their dynamics in high-altitude Andean ecosystems remain poorly understood despite their importance for carbon sequestration. The significant spatial heterogeneity of SOCS in mountainous terrain makes accurate quantification and mapping challenging. This study evaluated the performance of geospatial regression and machine learning (ML) approaches for predicting SOCS in two Peruvian Andean basins: Torobamba and Coata. We compared Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), GWR with collinearity analysis (GWRC), their kriging-adjusted variants, and ML models (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting). Models were built using key SOCS covariates for each basin and validated through 5-fold cross-validation with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R²). In Torobamba, GWRC markedly improved performance, reducing the RMSE by 79–90 % and achieving R² up to 0.99. In contrast, Coata, showed only modest improvements (RMSE reductions of 7.8–9.8 %, R² = 0.30–0.39). ML models performed poorly (negative R²), likely due to feature selection, parameter tuning, or limited sample size. Overall, locally weighted regression approaches (GWRK/GWRCK) outperformed conventional ML methods for SOCS prediction in complex mountain environments, particularly with small to medium sample sizes. These results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial non-stationarity in SOCS and provide methodological guidance for SOCS mapping in Andean ecosystems.

土壤有机碳储量是全球碳循环的重要组成部分，在减缓气候变化方面发挥着核心作用。然而，它们在高海拔安第斯生态系统中的动态仍然知之甚少，尽管它们对碳封存很重要。山区SOCS具有显著的空间异质性，这给准确量化和制图带来了挑战。本研究评估了地理空间回归和机器学习（ML）方法在秘鲁安第斯盆地Torobamba和Coata预测SOCS的性能。我们比较了地理加权回归（GWR）、GWR与共线性分析（GWRC）、它们的克里格调整变量和ML模型（随机森林、梯度增强）。采用关键SOCS协变量对每个流域建立模型，并通过均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和决定系数（R2）进行5重交叉验证。在Torobamba， GWRC显著提高了性能，RMSE降低了79 - 90%，R2达到0.99。相比之下，Coata仅显示出适度的改善（RMSE降低7.8 - 9.8%,R2 = 0.30-0.39）。ML模型表现不佳（负R2），可能是由于特征选择、参数调整或有限的样本量。总体而言，局部加权回归方法（GWRK/GWRCK）在复杂的山地环境中，特别是在中小型样本量的情况下，在SOCS预测方面优于传统的ML方法。这些结果突出了考虑SOCS空间非平稳性的重要性，并为安第斯生态系统SOCS制图提供了方法指导。

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引用次数: 0

Mid-infrared spectral insights into soil hydraulic, physical, and chemical properties across four Moroccan regions 中红外光谱洞察土壤水力，物理和化学性质跨越四个摩洛哥地区

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01028

Mohamed Ghassan , Reda Mokere , Adnane Beniaich , Issam Barra

Producing consistent and affordable information on soil functions is crucial for improving agricultural management and assessing land potential and constraints. In this study, we evaluated the prediction ability of mid-infrared (MIR) spectral patterns, using partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict chemical, i.e. soil organic matter (SOM), physical, i.e. clay, silt, and sand, and hydraulic, viz. gravimetric water content at saturation (Msat), field capacity (Mfc), and permanent wilting point (Mpwp) properties across four agricultural regions of Morocco (Tadla, Doukkala, Gharb-Loukous, and Moulouya), using a dataset of 319 soil samples. Data preprocessing was performed using the standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), detrend correction, and Savitzky-Golay smoothing and derivatives. Variable selection was carried out using interval PLS (iPLS) and variable importance in projection (VIP) algorithms. The models were calibrated, tested, and evaluated based on the coefficient of determination of prediction (R²), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD). PLSR applied to raw MIR spectra showed good overall performance across all soil properties, except for the SOM, which demonstrated moderate performance (R²_p = 0.59, RMSE_p = 0.672 %, and RPD_p = 1.61). Preprocessing and variable selection techniques led to noticeable improvements for Msat and silt. However, for Mfc, Mpwp, SOM, and sand, little to no improvement was observed compared to predictions from the raw data. For clay, preprocessing alone enhanced the model's accuracy from R²_p = 0.82 and RMSE_p = 6.350 %, to R²_p = 0.86 and RMSE_p = 5.655 %, whereas variable selection techniques did not. Generally, MIR spectroscopy captured the dominant soil functional signal across diverse Moroccan environments, supporting rapid, low-cost assessments of texture, key hydraulic, and chemical attributes. These results position MIR as a practical tool for regional soil monitoring and precision agriculture.

提供关于土壤功能的一致和负担得起的信息对于改进农业管理和评估土地潜力和制约因素至关重要。在这项研究中，我们评估了中红外（MIR）光谱模式的预测能力，使用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）来预测摩洛哥四个农业区（Tadla, Doukkala， Gharb-Loukous和Moulouya）的化学，即土壤有机质（SOM），物理，即粘土，淤泥和沙子，以及水力，即饱和含水量（Msat），田间容量（Mfc）和永久萎蔫点（Mpwp）性质。使用标准正态变量（SNV）、乘法散点校正（MSC）、趋势校正、Savitzky-Golay平滑和导数进行数据预处理。采用区间PLS （iPLS）和投影变量重要性（VIP）算法进行变量选择。根据预测决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和性能与偏差比（RPD）对模型进行校准、检验和评估。PLSR应用于原始MIR光谱，除SOM表现中等（R2p = 0.59, RMSEp = 0.672 %, RPDp = 1.61）外，所有土壤性质均表现良好。预处理和变量选择技术显著改善了Msat和淤泥。然而，对于Mfc、Mpwp、SOM和sand，与原始数据的预测相比，几乎没有观察到任何改善。对于粘土，单独的预处理将模型的精度从R2p = 0.82和RMSEp = 6.350%提高到R2p = 0.86和RMSEp = 5.655%，而变量选择技术则没有。一般来说，MIR光谱捕获了摩洛哥不同环境中的主要土壤功能信号，支持快速、低成本地评估土壤质地、关键水力和化学属性。这些结果使MIR成为区域土壤监测和精准农业的实用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Distribution and potential of rare earth elements fingerprinting as tracers for carbonate sources in soils developed on contrasting parent materials 对比母质土壤中碳酸盐源稀土元素指纹图谱的分布与潜力

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01009

Ferdinand J. Dina Ebouel , Charles G. Kono Ebede , Thierry Bineli Betsi , Peter N. Eze

While the use of rare earth elements (REE) to examine soil processes is an increasingly popular approach, very few studies have investigated its application to the study of dominant soil genetic processes at the landscape scale in semi-arid environments. This study analyses the distribution and fractionation of REEs in 12 soil profiles from different lithologies in the Kalahari Basin of Botswana (BKB) and examines their relationships with pedogenetic processes, calcium carbonate origin and pH. The results show significant variability in total REE contents (12.8 - 193.2 mg kg^-1) in the soil profiles, depending on the soil parent material. Total REE abundance within soil profiles show a strong correlation with clay-associated elements, such as Al (r = 0.8) and K (r = 0.7), as well as with iron Fe (r = 0.6). These correlations suggest that clay formation plays a primary role in REE enrichment in the soil profiles. On the other hand, the moderate positive correlation with Ca (r = 0.4) indicates a minor contribution from calcium carbonate accumulation to REE enrichment. pH shows weak positive correlations with REE content across the full soil profile (r < 0.2), reflecting negligeable influence on REE distribution in the study soil profiles. The fractionation ratios between light REEs and heavy REEs (LREEs/HREEs) range from 0.6–1.5 in soil profiles on alluvial and fluvio-lacustrine sediments, 0.4–0.9 from those on basaltic and sandstones rock, and 0.7–1.1 from those on sands, clays, calcretes and silcrete. Given the previously demonstrated preferential complexation of HREEs in pedogenic carbonates, these results suggest a mixed pedogenic and lithogenic origin for calcium carbonates in soil on alluvial and fluvio-lacustrine sediments, and in soils on sands, clays, calcretes and silcretes. Soils on basaltic and sandstone rocks, on the other hand, have a purely pedogenic origin. The results of this study provide a solid baseline for understanding REE distributions in the BKB and tracing the origin of calcium carbonate in semi-arid environments.

虽然利用稀土元素（REE）来研究土壤过程是一种日益流行的方法，但很少有研究将其应用于半干旱环境中景观尺度上的优势土壤形成过程的研究。本研究分析了博茨瓦纳卡拉哈里盆地（BKB） 12个不同岩性土壤剖面中稀土元素的分布和分异，并研究了它们与成土过程、碳酸钙成因和ph值的关系。结果表明，土壤剖面中稀土元素总含量（12.8 ~ 193.2 mg kg-1）随土壤母质的不同而有显著差异。土壤剖面中总REE丰度与Al （r = 0.8）、K （r = 0.7）以及铁（r = 0.6）具有较强的相关性。这些相关性表明，粘土的形成对土壤剖面中稀土元素的富集起主要作用。另一方面，与Ca呈中等正相关（r = 0.4），表明碳酸钙富集对REE富集的贡献较小。pH值与REE含量在整个土壤剖面上呈弱正相关（r < 0.2），对研究土壤剖面中REE分布的影响可以忽略不计。冲积和河流湖相沉积物土壤剖面轻重稀土分馏比（lree / hree）为0.6 ~ 1.5，玄武岩和砂岩土壤剖面轻重稀土分馏比为0.4 ~ 0.9，砂质、粘土、钙质和粉砾岩土壤剖面轻重稀土分馏比为0.7 ~ 1.1。考虑到前人在成土碳酸盐中发现的hree优先络合作用，这些结果表明，冲积层和河流湖相沉积物中的土壤以及砂、粘土、钙质和粉砂质土壤中的碳酸钙具有混合的成土和成岩成因。另一方面，玄武岩和砂岩上的土壤有纯粹的成土成因。本研究结果为了解BKB中稀土元素的分布和追踪半干旱环境中碳酸钙的来源提供了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0