Geoderma Regional最新文献_第4页

Combining proximal and remote sensors for regional soil characterization in rural Haiti 结合近端和远程传感器在海地农村进行区域土壤表征

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01030

Anshuman Nayak , Reginald Cean , Somsubhra Chakraborty , Noura Bakr , Asim Biswas , Bin Li , D.K. Swain , David C. Weindorf

Agronomic optimization is critical in developing countries, especially where soil resources are constrained. This research, the first of its kind in Haiti, used predictive modeling to relate laboratory-derived physical and chemical soil data to proximal and remotely sensed data collected on 32,949 georeferenced surface soil (0–20 cm) samples in the Arcahaie region. A representative subset of collected samples (n = 300) was then tested using a litany of predictive models (e.g., random forest, gradient boosting, stacking ensemble, XGBoost) relating the lab-derived to proximally sensed data for the prediction of soil pH, sand, silt, clay, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, and plant available P, K, Si, Fe, and Cu. Results showed that sand, silt, clay, soil organic carbon, soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity all have predictive R² of ≥0.80; predictions of soil texture components and soil organic carbon/organic matter were particularly strong. Other parameters, while still significant, were less robust. The models were used to predict the physical and chemical properties of the full dataset, then spatially interpolated to provide parameter variability maps across the region in support of agronomic optimization. Future research should work to extend the methodology successfully demonstrated herein to other regions of agronomic importance in Haiti and other developing countries. Furthermore, the approaches could be extended to three-dimensional modeling of subsoil properties elucidating optimal soil fertility in the rooting zone.

农艺优化在发展中国家至关重要，特别是在土壤资源有限的国家。这项研究是海地同类研究中的第一个，它使用预测模型将实验室获得的物理和化学土壤数据与Arcahaie地区32949个地理参考表层土壤（0-20厘米）样本的近端和遥感数据联系起来。然后使用一系列预测模型（例如，随机森林、梯度增强、堆叠集合、XGBoost）对收集的样本的代表性部分进行测试，这些预测模型将实验室导出的数据与近端感知数据相关联，用于预测土壤pH值、沙子、淤泥、粘土、土壤有机质、阳离子交换容量、土壤有机碳和植物有效磷、钾、硅、铁和铜。结果表明：沙土、粉土、粘土、土壤有机碳、土壤有机质、阳离子交换量的预测R2均≥0.80；对土壤质地成分和土壤有机碳/有机质的预测效果特别强。其他参数虽然仍然很重要，但鲁棒性较差。这些模型用于预测整个数据集的物理和化学性质，然后进行空间插值，以提供跨区域的参数变异图，以支持农艺优化。今后的研究应努力将本文成功示范的方法推广到海地和其他发展中国家的其他重要农业地区。此外，该方法还可扩展到阐明生根区最佳土壤肥力的底土特性的三维建模。

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引用次数: 0

Depth-dependent responses of carbon fractions and sequestration in a maize-wheat cropping system after 51 years of long-term fertilization 51年长期施肥后玉米-小麦种植系统碳组分和固存的深度依赖响应

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01031

Prabhsimran Singh , Gurmeet Singh Dheri , Gazala Nazir , Amardeep Singh Toor

Long-term fertilizer application plays a pivotal role in regulating soil carbon (C) dynamics by altering various soil C fractions. However, the response of these C fractions to long-term fertilization across the soil profile remains insufficiently explored under real-time farmland scenarios. This study evaluated the long-term impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on C fractions and C sequestration to a 1 m depth over five decades (1971–2022) and compared equivalent mass and fixed depth approaches for quantifying total soil organic carbon (TSOC) stocks. Treatments included control, 100 % N, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK, and 100 % NPK + FYM. Fertilizer applications significantly altered TSOC and its fractions relative to the control. 100 % NPK + FYM resulted in higher TSOC by 92 % over the control and 30 % over 100 % NPK, with the highest TSOC stocks (70 Mg ha⁻¹) observed in the 0–100 cm soil profile. Labile C fractions like potassium permanganate-C (KMnO4-C), water-soluble C (WSC), hot water-soluble C (HWSC), and microbial biomass C (MBC) were higher by 14–60 %, 50–176 %, 60–304 % and 31–136 % respectively in 100 % NPK + FYM. Both acid hydrolyzable C (AHC) and acid non-hydrolyzable C (ANHC) were also elevated, with the greatest increases under 100 % NPK + FYM. Labile C fractions accumulated predominantly in the topsoil (0–15 cm), whereas more recalcitrant fractions were enriched in the deeper layers. Equivalent mass-based C sequestration was 21–39 % higher in the topsoil and 5–15 % higher in the entire profile compared to fixed-depth calculations. Overall, this study provides new insights into fertilization induced deep soil C sequestration and its persistence, offering valuable implications for soil C monitoring frameworks, C farming initiatives, and sustainable soil management strategies.

长期施肥对土壤碳(C)动态的调节具有关键作用，其途径是改变土壤各组分的碳含量。然而，在实时农田情景下，这些C组分对整个土壤剖面长期施肥的响应仍未得到充分探索。本研究评估了50年来（1971-2022年）有机和无机肥料施用对土壤C组分和1 m深度C固存的长期影响，并比较了等效质量法和固定深度法对土壤总有机碳储量的量化。处理包括对照、100% N、100% NPK、150% NPK和100% NPK + FYM。与对照相比，施用化肥显著改变了TSOC及其组分。100%氮磷钾+ FYM处理的土壤有机碳含量比对照高92%，比100%氮磷钾处理的土壤有机碳含量高30%，其中0-100 cm土壤有机碳储量最高（70 Mg ha - 1）。在100% NPK + FYM处理下，高锰酸钾C （KMnO4-C）、水溶性C （WSC）、热水溶性C （HWSC）和微生物量C （MBC）分别提高了14 - 60%、50 - 176%、60 - 304%和31 - 136%。酸性可水解C （AHC）和酸性不可水解C （ANHC）均升高，100% NPK + FYM处理下增幅最大。不稳定组分主要在表层土壤（0 ~ 15 cm）富集，而较顽固组分则富集于深层土壤。与固定深度计算相比，表土的等效质量碳固存量高出21 - 39%，整个剖面的碳固存量高出5 - 15%。总体而言，该研究为施肥诱导的深层土壤碳封存及其持久性提供了新的见解，为土壤碳监测框架、碳农业举措和可持续土壤管理策略提供了有价值的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Mid-infrared spectral insights into soil hydraulic, physical, and chemical properties across four Moroccan regions 中红外光谱洞察土壤水力，物理和化学性质跨越四个摩洛哥地区

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01028

Mohamed Ghassan , Reda Mokere , Adnane Beniaich , Issam Barra

Producing consistent and affordable information on soil functions is crucial for improving agricultural management and assessing land potential and constraints. In this study, we evaluated the prediction ability of mid-infrared (MIR) spectral patterns, using partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict chemical, i.e. soil organic matter (SOM), physical, i.e. clay, silt, and sand, and hydraulic, viz. gravimetric water content at saturation (Msat), field capacity (Mfc), and permanent wilting point (Mpwp) properties across four agricultural regions of Morocco (Tadla, Doukkala, Gharb-Loukous, and Moulouya), using a dataset of 319 soil samples. Data preprocessing was performed using the standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), detrend correction, and Savitzky-Golay smoothing and derivatives. Variable selection was carried out using interval PLS (iPLS) and variable importance in projection (VIP) algorithms. The models were calibrated, tested, and evaluated based on the coefficient of determination of prediction (R²), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD). PLSR applied to raw MIR spectra showed good overall performance across all soil properties, except for the SOM, which demonstrated moderate performance (R²_p = 0.59, RMSE_p = 0.672 %, and RPD_p = 1.61). Preprocessing and variable selection techniques led to noticeable improvements for Msat and silt. However, for Mfc, Mpwp, SOM, and sand, little to no improvement was observed compared to predictions from the raw data. For clay, preprocessing alone enhanced the model's accuracy from R²_p = 0.82 and RMSE_p = 6.350 %, to R²_p = 0.86 and RMSE_p = 5.655 %, whereas variable selection techniques did not. Generally, MIR spectroscopy captured the dominant soil functional signal across diverse Moroccan environments, supporting rapid, low-cost assessments of texture, key hydraulic, and chemical attributes. These results position MIR as a practical tool for regional soil monitoring and precision agriculture.

提供关于土壤功能的一致和负担得起的信息对于改进农业管理和评估土地潜力和制约因素至关重要。在这项研究中，我们评估了中红外（MIR）光谱模式的预测能力，使用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）来预测摩洛哥四个农业区（Tadla, Doukkala， Gharb-Loukous和Moulouya）的化学，即土壤有机质（SOM），物理，即粘土，淤泥和沙子，以及水力，即饱和含水量（Msat），田间容量（Mfc）和永久萎蔫点（Mpwp）性质。使用标准正态变量（SNV）、乘法散点校正（MSC）、趋势校正、Savitzky-Golay平滑和导数进行数据预处理。采用区间PLS （iPLS）和投影变量重要性（VIP）算法进行变量选择。根据预测决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和性能与偏差比（RPD）对模型进行校准、检验和评估。PLSR应用于原始MIR光谱，除SOM表现中等（R2p = 0.59, RMSEp = 0.672 %, RPDp = 1.61）外，所有土壤性质均表现良好。预处理和变量选择技术显著改善了Msat和淤泥。然而，对于Mfc、Mpwp、SOM和sand，与原始数据的预测相比，几乎没有观察到任何改善。对于粘土，单独的预处理将模型的精度从R2p = 0.82和RMSEp = 6.350%提高到R2p = 0.86和RMSEp = 5.655%，而变量选择技术则没有。一般来说，MIR光谱捕获了摩洛哥不同环境中的主要土壤功能信号，支持快速、低成本地评估土壤质地、关键水力和化学属性。这些结果使MIR成为区域土壤监测和精准农业的实用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the performance of diffusive gradients in thin films for plant available phosphorus in northern Irish dairy farms 评估北爱尔兰奶牛场植物有效磷薄膜扩散梯度的性能

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01027

Rebecca L. Hall , Katrina A. Macintosh , Suzanne Higgins , John McGrath , Paul N. Williams

Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land is contributing to the enrichment of surface waterbodies and is a reason why water quality in Northern Ireland (NI) is failing to meet Water Framework Directive targets. In NI the agronomic and environmental targets for soil P are based on measurements of sodium bicarbonate extractable-P (Olsen P), however, this methodology has been shown to underestimate bioavailable P in the iron and aluminium rich basalt derived soils of the Antrim Plateau, which covers approximately one third (450 km²) of the land area of NI. In our study an alternative advanced speciation method, namely Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT), was used to assess P bioavailability on dairy farm soils in NI and compared it with traditional soil extractions used on the island of Ireland (Olsen P (in NI) and Morgan's P (in the Republic of Ireland). We observed variability in P status depending on soil test P (STP) method used (Olsen P, Morgan's P or DGT). DGT was the only STP method to significantly correlate with Herbage P and had a significant linear relationship with Herbage P in soil from Basalt regions (R² = 0.62). We found DGT to be a better predictor of the plant available P pool in soil in Northern Irish Dairy farms and recommend that DGT be incorporated into more extensive field trials and national/multi-national surveys.

农田中磷(P)的流失导致了地表水体的富集，也是北爱尔兰水质未能达到《水框架指令》目标的原因之一。在北爱尔兰，土壤磷的农学和环境目标是基于碳酸氢钠可提取磷（Olsen P）的测量，然而，这种方法已被证明低估了安特里姆高原富含铁和铝的玄武岩衍生土壤中的生物可利用磷，该土壤约占北爱尔兰陆地面积的三分之一（450平方公里）。在我们的研究中，采用了另一种先进的物种形成方法，即薄膜扩散梯度（DGT），来评估NI奶牛场土壤上磷的生物利用度，并将其与爱尔兰岛上使用的传统土壤提取方法（Olsen P （NI）和Morgan P（爱尔兰共和国））进行了比较。我们观察到磷状态的变化取决于所使用的土壤测试P （STP）方法（Olsen P, Morgan's P或DGT）。DGT是唯一与玄武岩地区土壤中牧草磷含量显著相关的STP方法，且与玄武岩地区土壤中牧草磷含量呈显著线性关系（R2 = 0.62）。我们发现DGT可以更好地预测北爱尔兰奶牛场土壤中植物有效磷库，并建议将DGT纳入更广泛的田间试验和国家/多国调查。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial prediction of soil organic carbon stocks across contrasting Andean basins, Peru 秘鲁安第斯盆地土壤有机碳储量的空间预测

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01026

Carlos Carbajal , Merely Tumbalobos-Dextre , Tatiana Condori-Ataupillco , Nestor Cuellar-Condori , Carla Gavilan

Soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) are critical components of the global carbon cycling and play a central role in climate change mitigation. However, their dynamics in high-altitude Andean ecosystems remain poorly understood despite their importance for carbon sequestration. The significant spatial heterogeneity of SOCS in mountainous terrain makes accurate quantification and mapping challenging. This study evaluated the performance of geospatial regression and machine learning (ML) approaches for predicting SOCS in two Peruvian Andean basins: Torobamba and Coata. We compared Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), GWR with collinearity analysis (GWRC), their kriging-adjusted variants, and ML models (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting). Models were built using key SOCS covariates for each basin and validated through 5-fold cross-validation with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R²). In Torobamba, GWRC markedly improved performance, reducing the RMSE by 79–90 % and achieving R² up to 0.99. In contrast, Coata, showed only modest improvements (RMSE reductions of 7.8–9.8 %, R² = 0.30–0.39). ML models performed poorly (negative R²), likely due to feature selection, parameter tuning, or limited sample size. Overall, locally weighted regression approaches (GWRK/GWRCK) outperformed conventional ML methods for SOCS prediction in complex mountain environments, particularly with small to medium sample sizes. These results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial non-stationarity in SOCS and provide methodological guidance for SOCS mapping in Andean ecosystems.

土壤有机碳储量是全球碳循环的重要组成部分，在减缓气候变化方面发挥着核心作用。然而，它们在高海拔安第斯生态系统中的动态仍然知之甚少，尽管它们对碳封存很重要。山区SOCS具有显著的空间异质性，这给准确量化和制图带来了挑战。本研究评估了地理空间回归和机器学习（ML）方法在秘鲁安第斯盆地Torobamba和Coata预测SOCS的性能。我们比较了地理加权回归（GWR）、GWR与共线性分析（GWRC）、它们的克里格调整变量和ML模型（随机森林、梯度增强）。采用关键SOCS协变量对每个流域建立模型，并通过均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和决定系数（R2）进行5重交叉验证。在Torobamba， GWRC显著提高了性能，RMSE降低了79 - 90%，R2达到0.99。相比之下，Coata仅显示出适度的改善（RMSE降低7.8 - 9.8%,R2 = 0.30-0.39）。ML模型表现不佳（负R2），可能是由于特征选择、参数调整或有限的样本量。总体而言，局部加权回归方法（GWRK/GWRCK）在复杂的山地环境中，特别是在中小型样本量的情况下，在SOCS预测方面优于传统的ML方法。这些结果突出了考虑SOCS空间非平稳性的重要性，并为安第斯生态系统SOCS制图提供了方法指导。

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引用次数: 0

Soil carbon stocks in cultivated Luvisols respond positively to long-term agronomic practices with different degrees of perennial forage inclusion 土壤碳储量对不同多年生牧草包涵度的长期农艺措施有正向响应

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01025

Jamin N. Achtymichuk , Miles F. Dyck , Sylvie A. Quideau , Erick R.S. Santos , Dick Puurveen , Scott R. Jeffrey , Edward W. Bork

Data that are relevant, substantive, and reliable are needed to verify long-term management effects on carbon (C) stocks in agricultural soils. The Breton Plots research facility in West Central Alberta, Canada, provides a unique opportunity to investigate how diverse long-term agricultural practices have influenced C storage in low-fertility Luvisolic soils from boreal regions. The Classical Plots experiment (est. 1930) includes unamended, conventionally fertilized, and manured sub-treatments of a wheat-fallow and 5-year rotation comprising annual grains (3 yr) and perennial forage (2 yr). The Hendrigan Plots experiment (est. 1980) includes a continuous forage system; a continuous grain system; and an 8-year agroecological rotation of annual grains (4 yr), leguminous green manure (1 yr), and perennial forage (3 yr). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were reported on an equivalent soil mass basis in various intervals corresponding to a maximum depth of 90 cm. Compared to continuous grain cropping, total SOC stock was 49 % lower under fallow and, on average, 9 % higher under forage-inclusive rotations. Compared to unamended treatments, conventional fertilizer and manure increased SOC stocks by an average of 7 % and 39 %, respectively. Compared to continuous grain cropping, using the 2024 valuation of carbon ($80 t CO₂-e⁻¹) in Canada, SOC stock differences translated into a loss of approximately $11,000 CAD ha⁻¹ under fallow, and gains exceeding $5000 CAD ha⁻¹ under continuous forage or agroecological management. This work clarifies how Luvisolic soils can be managed to optimize SOC stocks and how C valuation could incentivize agricultural practices conducive to this goal.

需要相关的、实质性的和可靠的数据来验证管理对农业土壤中碳(C)储量的长期影响。加拿大阿尔伯塔省中西部的布雷顿地块研究设施提供了一个独特的机会来研究不同的长期农业实践如何影响北方地区低肥力陆生土壤中的碳储存。经典地块试验（1930年试验）包括小麦休耕和5年轮作的未经改良、常规施肥和施肥的次处理，包括一年生谷物（3年）和多年生牧草（2年）。Hendrigan地块试验（test . 1980）包括连续饲草系统；连续的谷物系统；以及一年生谷物（4年）、豆科绿肥（1年）和多年生牧草（3年）的8年农业生态轮作。土壤有机碳（SOC）储量以等效土壤质量为基础，在最大深度为90 cm的不同间隔上进行了报告。与连作相比，休耕下土壤有机碳总储量减少49%，轮作下土壤有机碳总储量平均增加9%。与未经改良的处理相比，常规肥料和有机肥分别使土壤有机碳储量平均增加7%和39%。与连续谷物种植相比，使用加拿大2024年碳估值（80 t CO2-e - 1），土壤有机碳储量差异转化为休耕下约11,000加元的损失，而连续草料或农业生态管理下的收益超过5000加元。这项工作阐明了如何管理土壤以优化有机碳储量，以及碳评估如何激励有利于实现这一目标的农业实践。

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引用次数: 0

Conventional and industrial by-product fertilization do not induce greenhouse gas emissions in sandy soils under wild lowbush blueberry cropping in eastern Canada 在加拿大东部种植野生低灌木蓝莓的沙质土壤中，传统和工业副产品施肥不会导致温室气体排放

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01024

Anthony J. Pelletier , Patrick Faubert , Jean Lafond , Normand Bertrand , Jean Legault , Rock Ouimet , David E. Pelster , André Pichette , Noura Ziadi , Maxime C. Paré

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wild lowbush blueberry (WLB) production after fertilization with conventional mineral (MIN) and organic (ORG) or industrial pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) and synthetic anhydrite (SA; calcic amendment; CaSO₄) remain unknown. We assessed nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) emissions following application of combined PPMS and SA under WLB production compared to MIN and ORG fertilizers during a two-year cropping cycle. A 50 kg nitrogen (N) ha⁻¹ recommended input was broadcasted before stem emergence during the pruning phase with MIN, ORG, and PPMS treatments alongside an unfertilized control (0 N; CTL). The PPMS treatment was also combined with SA as 6 Mg ha⁻¹ (1SA) and 12 Mg ha⁻¹ (2SA) inputs, which were also applied alone for a total of eight treatments. The GHG emissions were monitored using non-flow-through, non-steady-state chambers during two growing seasons. The N₂O and CH₄ emissions were unaffected by fertilizer applications. The N₂O emissions were significantly higher during the pruning phase (0.06 ± 0.009 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) than during the harvesting phase (0.03 ± 0.005 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). The fertilizer-induced emission factor (FIEF) values (−0.01 ± 0.02 %) were much lower than the default 1 % used for GHG inventories. A CH₄ uptake was observed during both growing seasons, with higher uptake during the pruning phase (−2.1 ± 0.1 kg CH₄-C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) than in the harvesting phase (−1.6 ± 0.1 kg CH₄-C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). High aeration of sandy soils combined with low soil NO₃ contents (0.9 μg NO₃-N cm⁻² yr⁻¹ during the pruning phase) might constrain N₂O emissions. Proposed WLB-specific FIEF should be used in future GHG inventories to prevent emission overestimates. Further research is needed on the agronomic benefits and yield effects of combining PPMS and SA for WLB productivity.

野生低丛蓝莓（WLB）生产过程中使用常规矿物（MIN）和有机（ORG）或工业纸浆和造纸厂污泥（PPMS）和合成硬石膏（SA；钙改进剂；CaSO4）施肥后产生的温室气体（GHG）排放尚不清楚。我们评估了在两年的种植周期内，与MIN和ORG肥料相比，在WLB生产下，施用PPMS和SA复合肥料后氧化亚氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）的排放。在修剪阶段茎出之前，在MIN、ORG和PPMS处理和未施肥的对照（0 N； CTL）的基础上，播送50 kg氮(N) ha - 1推荐输入。PPMS处理还与SA联合作为6 Mg ha - 1 （1SA）和12 Mg ha - 1 （2SA）输入，也单独应用，共8个处理。在两个生长季节，使用非流动、非稳态室监测温室气体排放。N2O和CH4排放不受施肥影响。N2O排放量在整枝期（0.06±0.009 kg N2O- n ha−1年−1年−1）显著高于收获期（0.03±0.005 kg N2O- n ha−1年−1）。肥料诱导排放因子（FIEF）值（−0.01±0.02%）远低于温室气体清单使用的默认值1%。在两个生长季节都观察到CH4吸收量，剪枝期的吸收量（- 2.1±0.1 kg CH4- c ha - 1年−1年−1）高于收获期的吸收量（- 1.6±0.1 kg CH4- c ha - 1年−1）。砂质土壤的高通气和低NO3含量（修剪期0.9 μg NO3- n cm−2 yr−1）可能抑制N2O的排放。在未来的温室气体清单中应使用拟议的wlb特定fif，以防止排放高估。PPMS与SA配伍对WLB生产力的农艺效益和产量效应有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Soil inorganic carbon variations and thresholds of occurrence in an arid and semi-arid zone 干旱区和半干旱区土壤无机碳变化及其赋存阈值

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01023

Jin Hu , Xiao-Dong Song , Fei Yang , Shun-Hua Yang , Jin-Ling Yang , Gan-Lin Zhang

Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) accounts for up to half of the global soil carbon stock and is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. However, our understanding on the drivers of vertical and spatial variations in SIC remains uncertain due to strong heterogeneity and data limitations. In this study, we conducted soil investigations across arid and semi-arid zones with climate gradients and surveyed 365 soil profiles. Statistical analysis, Shapley additive explanations and threshold detection were employed to quantify SIC variations and correlations between SIC and predictors. The average SIC density in this region was 2.78 kg/m², which was more abundant at depths of 40–120 cm (3.34 kg/m²) than at 0–20 cm (1.31 kg/m²). Soil pH, depth and aridity were the key drivers of SIC variation, with the highest mean absolute Shapley values of 1.00, 0.63 and 0.35, respectively. The pH threshold affecting SIC variation was 7.7. Thresholds for SIC distribution occurred in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Depths of initial SIC deposition are generally increase as aridity decreases, which was 28, 43 and 46 cm, with enhanced, reduced and uniform deposition occurring below this depth thresholds under hyper arid, arid and semi-arid zone, respectively. Aridity values below 0.62 marked SIC loss threshold at depths of 0–20 cm, whereas above 0.78 signified stable SIC accumulation threshold at depths of 20–40 cm. This research provides new insights into SIC formation and decomposition and benchmarks for modeling SIC dynamics in the context of climate change.

土壤无机碳（SIC）占全球土壤碳储量的一半以上，主要分布在干旱和半干旱地区。然而，由于很强的异质性和数据限制，我们对SIC垂直和空间变化的驱动因素的理解仍然不确定。本研究在具有气候梯度的干旱半干旱区开展土壤调查，调查了365条土壤剖面。采用统计分析、Shapley加性解释和阈值检测来量化SIC的变化以及SIC与预测因子之间的相关性。该区域SIC平均密度为2.78 kg/m2, 40 ~ 120 cm （3.34 kg/m2）深度较0 ~ 20 cm （1.31 kg/m2）深度丰富。土壤pH、深度和干旱性是影响SIC变化的关键因素，其Shapley均值绝对值最高，分别为1.00、0.63和0.35。影响SIC变化的pH阈值为7.7。SIC分布的阈值出现在垂直和水平两个维度上。随着干旱程度的降低，碳化硅初始沉积深度普遍增加，分别为28、43和46 cm，在此深度阈值以下，超干旱区、干旱区和半干旱区碳化硅沉积增强、减少和均匀。干旱度低于0.62标志着深度为0 ~ 20 cm的SIC损失阈值，高于0.78标志着深度为20 ~ 40 cm的SIC稳定积累阈值。该研究为研究碳化硅的形成和分解提供了新的见解，并为气候变化背景下碳化硅动力学建模提供了基准。

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引用次数: 0

Mineralogical controls on the resilience of ferruginous duricrusts in coastal landscapes along Brazil's Atlantic margin: Implications for climate change adaptation 巴西大西洋沿岸沿海景观中含铁硬壳恢复力的矿物学控制：对气候变化适应的影响

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01020

Marcel Sarcinelli Pimenta , David Lukas de Arruda , Marcelo Metri Corrêa , Salomão Silva Calegari , Diego Lang Burak , Oldair Del Arco Vinhas Costa , Danilo de Lima Camêlo

Ferruginous laterites and duricrusts are widespread across Brazil's Coastal Tablelands (Barreiras Formation), yet their genesis and variability remain debated. We investigated ferruginous duricrusts from southeastern and northeastern Brazil to identify mineralogical controls on stability and propose a genetic framework. Using X-ray diffraction (phase assemblages, crystallinity proxies), selective iron extractions (CBD, AAO), magnetic susceptibility, micromorphology/SEM–EDS, and multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering), we propose a two–end-member model for Barreiras-related ferruginous systems: (i) autochthonous ferruginous laterites developed in situ that culminate in hematite-dominated ferruginous duricrusts, which are less Al-substituted, with coalesced Fe nodules, and strong Fe-oxide impregnation; and (ii) allochthonous ferruginous laterites composed of reworked pisolithic/nodular material that is comparatively goethite-rich. PCA/HCA discriminate these end members by Fe-oxide indices and elemental composition, confirming distinct mineralogical–geochemical signatures. Regionally, southeastern duricrusts, being more hematitic and exhibiting lower Al substitution in goethite, appear more susceptible to reductive dissolution and metal mobility under enhanced hydrologic variability, whereas northeastern, comparatively goethite-rich and more Al-substituted ferruginous duricrusts show greater resilience, implying different management strategies.

含铁红土和硬壳岩广泛分布于巴西沿海高原（巴雷拉斯地层），但其成因和可变性仍有争议。我们调查了巴西东南部和东北部的含铁硬壳，以确定矿物学对稳定性的控制，并提出了一个遗传框架。利用x射线衍射（相组合，结晶度代理），选择性铁萃取（CBD， AAO），磁化率，微观形貌/ SEM-EDS和多变量分析（主成分分析和分层聚类），我们提出了barreiras相关含铁体系的双端元模型：(1)原位发育原生含铁红土，最终形成以赤铁矿为主的含铁硬壳，其铝取代程度较低，铁结核结连，铁氧化物浸渍作用强；（ii）异种含铁红土，由改造过的微晶/结核物质组成，相对富含针铁矿。PCA/HCA通过铁氧化物指数和元素组成对这些端元进行鉴别，确认了不同的矿物地球化学特征。从区域上看，在水文变异性增强的条件下，东南地区的软岩质赤铁矿含量较高，针铁矿中Al取代含量较低，易受还原性溶蚀和金属迁移的影响，而东北地区针铁矿含量较高，Al取代较多的含铁硬岩质则表现出更强的恢复能力，说明不同的管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of long-term use of fertilizers on soil phosphorus fractions and its uptake 长期施肥对土壤磷组分及其吸收的影响

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE

Geoderma Regional

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01021

Palwinder Singh, Gurmeet Singh Dheri, Gazala Nazir, Sukhpreet Singh

Understanding the dynamics and transformation of soil phosphorus (P) is imperative for formulating sustainable agricultural P management strategies. This study examined the long-term impacts (over 52 cropping cycles) of various fertilization regimes on P dynamics in Inceptisol (Typic Ustochrept) and the associated productivity of the maize-wheat cropping system. The fertilizer treatments involved: T1) control, T2) 50 % NPK, T3) 100 % NPK (120:26.5:25.0 kg ha⁻¹, N:P:K), T4) 100 % NPK, T5) 150 % NPK, and T6) 100 % NPK + farmyard manure (FYM @10,000 kg ha⁻¹), implemented in a randomized block design with three replicates. The source of P was single super phosphate, except T4 (diammonium phosphate). The results highlight a significant accumulation of P under continuous fertilization compared to the control treatment. Olsen P in surface soil under the 100 % NPK + FYM treatment exhibited an increase of 522 % relative to the control and 108 % compared to the 100 % NPK treatment. The accumulation was characterized by varied distributions across inorganic and organic P fractions, which were influenced by the fertilizer applications. A general enhancement in P fractions was observed with fertilization, with levels ranging from a minimum under 50 % NPK to a maximum under 100 % NPK + FYM treatment. The distribution of P fractions followed the order: Ca-P > Al-P > Org-P > Fe-P > Red-P (reductant-soluble phosphate) > Sol-P (soluble P). Regarding the distribution of P fractionation, an incubation study was conducted to assess the effects of organic amendments, specifically paddy straw and FYM, on P fractions at different levels of added P. The findings revealed a pronounced enhancement in P distribution into its labile fractions. The P balance sheet indicated a net positive soil P balance following 52 cropping cycles under varied fertilization except control. Additionally, correlations between soil P fractions and crop yield were calculated. These findings necessitate further investigation to refine P management strategies to optimize the utilization of residual P for sustainable crop production.

了解土壤磷的动态和转化规律对制定可持续的农业磷管理策略至关重要。本研究考察了不同施肥制度（超过52个种植周期）对ineptisol磷动态的长期影响（典型ustochrep）以及玉米-小麦种植系统的相关生产力。施肥处理包括：T1)对照，T2) 50%氮磷钾，T3) 100%氮磷钾（120:26.5:25.0 kg ha - 1, N:P:K）， T4) 100%氮磷钾，T5) 150%氮磷钾，T6) 100%氮磷钾+农家肥（FYM @10,000 kg ha - 1），采用随机区组设计，共3个重复。P的来源除T4（磷酸二铵）外均为单一超磷酸盐。结果表明，与对照处理相比，连续施肥显著增加了磷的积累。与对照相比，100% NPK + FYM处理的表层土壤奥尔森磷含量增加了522%，与100% NPK处理相比增加了108%。无机磷和有机磷的积累分布不同，受施肥影响较大。施磷量总体上提高，最低氮磷钾低于50%，最高氮磷钾+ FYM处理为100%。P组分的分布顺序为：Ca-P >； Al-P > Org-P > Fe-P > Red-P（还原性可溶性磷酸盐）> Sol-P（可溶性磷）。通过培养试验，研究了不同磷添加水平下有机改进剂（特别是稻秆和FYM）对磷组分的影响。结果表明，有机改进剂显著增强了磷在不稳定组分中的分布。除对照外，不同施肥条件下52个种植周期土壤磷平衡均为净正值。此外，还计算了土壤磷组分与作物产量的相关关系。这些发现需要进一步的研究来完善磷管理策略，以优化剩余磷的利用，实现作物的可持续生产。

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引用次数: 0