Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877
Asma Bengrid , Hana Bouzahouane , Fouzia Trea , Otmani Amira , Ali Becheker , Kheireddine Ouali
This study examines the biodiversity of earthworms in agroecosystems in the Annaba region of northeastern Algeria, focusing on the impact of agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions on these species. Seven earthworm species from the Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae families have been identified, of which five are new records for this region. Areas with intensive human activity exhibited a decrease in earthworm abundance and diversity, whereas areas with less intensive agricultural practices showed higher levels of earthworm diversity. Variations in soil properties related to land use and plant diversity were notable. Intensive agricultural practices resulted in altered soil characteristics, such as higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity, while organic amendments increased organic carbon and nutritional diversity. Essential nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, are crucial for earthworm vitality, while high levels of pH, salinity, and EC can reduce their populations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis supports these findings. In summary, agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions significantly influence earthworm populations, underscoring the need for sustainable methods to preserve underground biodiversity and ecosystem services.
{"title":"Influence of anthropogenic factors and soil properties on earthworm diversity in southern Mediterranean agroecosystems","authors":"Asma Bengrid , Hana Bouzahouane , Fouzia Trea , Otmani Amira , Ali Becheker , Kheireddine Ouali","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the biodiversity of earthworms in agroecosystems in the Annaba region of northeastern Algeria, focusing on the impact of agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions on these species. Seven earthworm species from the Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae families have been identified, of which five are new records for this region. Areas with intensive human activity exhibited a decrease in earthworm abundance and diversity, whereas areas with less intensive agricultural practices showed higher levels of earthworm diversity. Variations in soil properties related to land use and plant diversity were notable. Intensive agricultural practices resulted in altered soil characteristics, such as higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity, while organic amendments increased organic carbon and nutritional diversity. Essential nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, are crucial for earthworm vitality, while high levels of pH, salinity, and EC can reduce their populations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis supports these findings. In summary, agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions significantly influence earthworm populations, underscoring the need for sustainable methods to preserve underground biodiversity and ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00875
Florian Darmann, Irene Schwaighofer, Monika Kumpan, Thomas Weninger, Peter Strauss
Knowledge about the hydrological characteristics of soils is essential for modeling soil water dynamics, soil mapping, or civil engineering applications. Directly measuring soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, they are usually estimated from easily measurable parameters with pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Numerous PTFs have been developed for different scales, from a single watershed to continental applications. Global PTFs cover a broader spectrum of environmental conditions, whereas regional PTFs are designed for specific areas with distinctive soil types and landscapes. Our main hypothesis was that applying machine learning (ML) approaches representing state-of-the-art methodology, combined with a regionally focused database, would result in the most appropriate pedotransfer functions for national soil mapping applications. We developed point PTFs using a database of about 2300 samples from 520 agricultural sites. The data set encompassed a wide range of landscapes and soil types. The PTFs were utilized to predict soil field capacity (Θ60 at pF = 1.8 and Θ330 at pF = 2.5), permanent wilting point (Θ15000), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The random forest (RF) method was employed for model development, while quantile regression was used to assess the prediction quality. The new PTFs obtained an R2 between 0.56 for Ks and 0.85 for Θ15000 and were compared with established PTFs. Subsequently, we applied the newly generated PTF to official soil data from the Austrian soil survey to predict hydrological soil information for agricultural areas in Austria. The interquartile range between the 10 % - and the 90 % - quantile was visualized to identify regions with different prediction qualities. This will be helpful for future sampling campaigns. High uncertainties were particularly identified for areas where soils dominate that are underrepresented in the data set. This includes soils with a high clay or sand content, typically found at valley bottoms of the alpine foothills or the Bohemian massif in the North of Austria. For areas with a large number of available samples, the prediction showed promising results. Further sampling for future improvements may be planned efficiently based on these results. Moreover, this research sheds light on a path forward, emphasizing assessing soil functionality on a regional scale, providing crucial information for further modeling, and allowing an adjusted and appropriate land management approach.
{"title":"New hydro-pedotransfer functions for Austrian soil mapping applications","authors":"Florian Darmann, Irene Schwaighofer, Monika Kumpan, Thomas Weninger, Peter Strauss","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge about the hydrological characteristics of soils is essential for modeling soil water dynamics, soil mapping, or civil engineering applications. Directly measuring soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, they are usually estimated from easily measurable parameters with pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Numerous PTFs have been developed for different scales, from a single watershed to continental applications. Global PTFs cover a broader spectrum of environmental conditions, whereas regional PTFs are designed for specific areas with distinctive soil types and landscapes. Our main hypothesis was that applying machine learning (ML) approaches representing state-of-the-art methodology, combined with a regionally focused database, would result in the most appropriate pedotransfer functions for national soil mapping applications. We developed point PTFs using a database of about 2300 samples from 520 agricultural sites. The data set encompassed a wide range of landscapes and soil types. The PTFs were utilized to predict soil field capacity (Θ<sub>60</sub> at pF = 1.8 and Θ<sub>330</sub> at pF = 2.5), permanent wilting point (Θ<sub>15000</sub>), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The random forest (RF) method was employed for model development, while quantile regression was used to assess the prediction quality. The new PTFs obtained an R<sup>2</sup> between 0.56 for Ks and 0.85 for Θ<sub>15000</sub> and were compared with established PTFs. Subsequently, we applied the newly generated PTF to official soil data from the Austrian soil survey to predict hydrological soil information for agricultural areas in Austria. The interquartile range between the 10 % - and the 90 % - quantile was visualized to identify regions with different prediction qualities. This will be helpful for future sampling campaigns. High uncertainties were particularly identified for areas where soils dominate that are underrepresented in the data set. This includes soils with a high clay or sand content, typically found at valley bottoms of the alpine foothills or the Bohemian massif in the North of Austria. For areas with a large number of available samples, the prediction showed promising results. Further sampling for future improvements may be planned efficiently based on these results. Moreover, this research sheds light on a path forward, emphasizing assessing soil functionality on a regional scale, providing crucial information for further modeling, and allowing an adjusted and appropriate land management approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00872
Ryan C. Hodges , Janis L. Boettinger , Jonathan L. Deenik
The western slopes of Haleakalā, Maui, are greatly affected by an orographic climate effect, creating a massive precipitation gradient and rain shadow with significant impact on pedogenic weathering and differentiation of soil formed in basalt. However, the presence of volcanic vents along East Maui's northwest rift have created irregularity in the deposition of volcanic ash across the landscape, making it difficult to determine a soil's relative age and degree of ash influence on its development. The objectives of this study were to 1) characterize and classify the basalt substrate of pedons sampled across a wide climatic gradient; 2) determine how elemental composition and soil chemical properties vary with precipitation and elevation; 3) identify pedogenic thresholds of western Haleakalā climosequences; and 4) determine if elemental trends and weathering indices can distinguish pedons and soil horizons that have been influenced by volcanic ash. We sampled 16 soils across elevational and precipitation gradients formed in Kula Volcanics on northwest-facing slopes <5 %. Soils were sampled and described to 1-m depth. Total elemental analysis was determined on rock samples and soil horizons by x-ray fluorescence, and various soil physical and chemical properties were measured in the laboratory. We calculated a total of 22 weathering indices across coastal and elevational climosequences. Soil pedon rock samples were alkalic basalt and predominantly classified as tephrite basanite with four samples classifying as foidite. We identified pedogenic thresholds for SiO2/TiO2 at 500 mm and 1300 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP) for the coastal climosequence, showing that although the pedon in Kahului (AIR) had lower MAP than the two pedons in Paia (CEM, PAIA), it is more weathered. Crystalline Fe (CD-AO) was variable in pedons below 1500 mm MAP, increased sharply with increased MAP, then decreased in pedons OL and HAI-E likely due to the reduction and loss of iron. Crystalline Fe (CD-AO) was generally higher at lower elevation pedons likely due to the relatively older age of lowland soils. Values of SiO2/TiO2 generally decreased with soil depth, but whole pedon values of SiO2/TiO2 were highly variable with increasing precipitation due to the influence of volcanic ash before also dropping substantially in high rainfall pedons. Soil SiO2/TiO2 and MnO/TiO2 normalized to the pedon rock fragments may be viable indicators for distinguishing ash-rejuvenated soil pedons and genetic horizons from those that are not.
{"title":"Elemental trends and weathering indices to assess volcanic ash deposition on soil weathering status along Maui climosequences","authors":"Ryan C. Hodges , Janis L. Boettinger , Jonathan L. Deenik","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The western slopes of Haleakalā, Maui, are greatly affected by an orographic climate effect, creating a massive precipitation gradient and rain shadow with significant impact on pedogenic weathering and differentiation of soil formed in basalt. However, the presence of volcanic vents along East Maui's northwest rift have created irregularity in the deposition of volcanic ash across the landscape, making it difficult to determine a soil's relative age and degree of ash influence on its development. The objectives of this study were to 1) characterize and classify the basalt substrate of pedons sampled across a wide climatic gradient; 2) determine how elemental composition and soil chemical properties vary with precipitation and elevation; 3) identify pedogenic thresholds of western Haleakalā climosequences; and 4) determine if elemental trends and weathering indices can distinguish pedons and soil horizons that have been influenced by volcanic ash. We sampled 16 soils across elevational and precipitation gradients formed in Kula Volcanics on northwest-facing slopes <5 %. Soils were sampled and described to 1-m depth. Total elemental analysis was determined on rock samples and soil horizons by x-ray fluorescence, and various soil physical and chemical properties were measured in the laboratory. We calculated a total of 22 weathering indices across coastal and elevational climosequences. Soil pedon rock samples were alkalic basalt and predominantly classified as tephrite basanite with four samples classifying as foidite. We identified pedogenic thresholds for SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> at 500 mm and 1300 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP) for the coastal climosequence, showing that although the pedon in Kahului (AIR) had lower MAP than the two pedons in Paia (CEM, PAIA), it is more weathered. Crystalline Fe (CD-AO) was variable in pedons below 1500 mm MAP, increased sharply with increased MAP, then decreased in pedons OL and HAI-E likely due to the reduction and loss of iron. Crystalline Fe (CD-AO) was generally higher at lower elevation pedons likely due to the relatively older age of lowland soils. Values of SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> generally decreased with soil depth, but whole pedon values of SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> were highly variable with increasing precipitation due to the influence of volcanic ash before also dropping substantially in high rainfall pedons. Soil SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and MnO/TiO<sub>2</sub> normalized to the pedon rock fragments may be viable indicators for distinguishing ash-rejuvenated soil pedons and genetic horizons from those that are not.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00873
Javier Leonardo Toxqui-Roldán , Carlos Alberto Ortiz-Solorio , Ma del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castorena , Atenógenes Leobardo Licona-Vargas
Terrace systems have been instrumental in the evolution of agriculture across various cultural contexts. This technology offers several benefits, including soil and water conservation, improved soil fertility, enhanced agricultural management, and increased crop yields. Several studies have been conducted on agricultural terraces in Mesoamerica. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of research on anthropogenic soils and ethnopedological studies in Mexico. This study aimed to ascertain the local soil knowledge and describe the ancestral terrace systems within a popoloca community in southern Puebla, Mexico. An ethnopedological survey was conducted on a 10,366 ha area to determine the land types and terrace systems present. Surface terraced soil samples were collected, and nine soil profiles within runoff terraces were described. The objectives were as follows: 1) to characterize and describe terrace systems in Santiago Acatepec, 2) to understand the indigenous land classification system and 3) to study the relation and impact of terraces systems on soil formation and WRB classification. The results indicate two types of terraces (hillside and runoff terraces), covering 2578 ha of land. Farmers recognize eight distinct land classes, with unique characteristics and agricultural uses. The land classes encompass both anthropogenic and natural soils. These land classes are classified as Terric Anthrosols, Eutric Regosols, Eutric Leptosols, and Pellic Vertisols. These results show farmers' detailed knowledge about their soils and the advantages and limitations of terraces. The modern and ancient terraces were classified according to seven diverse types of embankments or walls. The traditional embankment, designated as “cuaxustles,” is associated with runoff terraces and is known to have a lifespan exceeding one hundred years. Following the construction of a terrace, the land in question can be cultivated for agricultural purposes after a period of two years. The traditional knowledge of the soil has enabled the farmers of Acatepec to establish new agricultural areas, select crops that are well-suited to the soil conditions and climate of the region, and implement long-term modifications to the landscape. The findings indicate that it is feasible to implement environmental modifications that prioritize soil conservation and enhancement on a significant scale while also considering economic factors and the time frame involved.
{"title":"Agricultural terraces in Puebla, Mexico: An ethnopedological approach","authors":"Javier Leonardo Toxqui-Roldán , Carlos Alberto Ortiz-Solorio , Ma del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castorena , Atenógenes Leobardo Licona-Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terrace systems have been instrumental in the evolution of agriculture across various cultural contexts. This technology offers several benefits, including soil and water conservation, improved soil fertility, enhanced agricultural management, and increased crop yields. Several studies have been conducted on agricultural terraces in Mesoamerica. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of research on anthropogenic soils and ethnopedological studies in Mexico. This study aimed to ascertain the local soil knowledge and describe the ancestral terrace systems within a popoloca community in southern Puebla, Mexico. An ethnopedological survey was conducted on a 10,366 ha area to determine the land types and terrace systems present. Surface terraced soil samples were collected, and nine soil profiles within runoff terraces were described. The objectives were as follows: 1) to characterize and describe terrace systems in Santiago Acatepec, 2) to understand the indigenous land classification system and 3) to study the relation and impact of terraces systems on soil formation and WRB classification. The results indicate two types of terraces (hillside and runoff terraces), covering 2578 ha of land. Farmers recognize eight distinct land classes, with unique characteristics and agricultural uses. The land classes encompass both anthropogenic and natural soils. These land classes are classified as Terric Anthrosols, Eutric Regosols, Eutric Leptosols, and Pellic Vertisols. These results show farmers' detailed knowledge about their soils and the advantages and limitations of terraces. The modern and ancient terraces were classified according to seven diverse types of embankments or walls. The traditional embankment, designated as “cuaxustles,” is associated with runoff terraces and is known to have a lifespan exceeding one hundred years. Following the construction of a terrace, the land in question can be cultivated for agricultural purposes after a period of two years. The traditional knowledge of the soil has enabled the farmers of Acatepec to establish new agricultural areas, select crops that are well-suited to the soil conditions and climate of the region, and implement long-term modifications to the landscape. The findings indicate that it is feasible to implement environmental modifications that prioritize soil conservation and enhancement on a significant scale while also considering economic factors and the time frame involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00871
Chia-Yu Yang , Wei-Hao Lee , Shan-Li Wang , Zeng-Yei Hseu
Serpentine soils are highly rich in geogenic chromium (Cr), typically associated with spinel minerals. The high resistance of these minerals to weathering has raised concerns regarding their contribution to Cr bioavailability in serpentine soils. This study collected soil horizon samples from two pedons (Entisol and Ultisol) in eastern Taiwan and applied a two-step magnetic separation method to divide the bulk soils into strongly magnetic (SM), weakly magnetic (WM), and nonmagnetic (NM) fractions. The basic characteristics of the bulk soils were examined. To characterize the mineralogy and geochemistry of the fractions and determine their quantitative contribution of bioavailable Cr in serpentine soils, we analyzed their mineral composition, magnetic properties, and elemental composition and valence by using various spectrometric techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as vibrating sample magnetometry. The results indicated the main Cr-bearing minerals were magnetite and chromite in the SM and WM fractions, with minor occurrences in layer silicates, such as serpentine and chlorite, in the NM fraction. The total Cr content decreased in the following order: SM > WM > NM. The SM fraction had the lowest weight proportion, and this proportion was lower for the Ultisol than the Entisol. This observation indicated that the weathering of Cr spinels is associated with the substantial cation substitution of Al, Ca, Mn, and Ni for Fe and Cr in broken mineral grains and increases in the Fe(III) and Cr(VI) concentrations in magnetite. The SM fraction, mainly consists of magnetite and chromite, exhibited the highest concentration of bioavailable Cr extracted by 0.1 M HCl. However, the Cr-bearing layer silicates represented the largest potential pool of bioavailable Cr in the bulk soils because the weight proportion of the NM fraction was higher than those of the other fractions and increased during pedogenesis.
蛇纹石土壤富含地质铬（Cr），通常与尖晶石矿物有关。这些矿物具有很强的抗风化能力，这引起了人们对蛇纹岩土壤中铬生物利用率的关注。本研究从台湾东部的两个基质（Entisol 和 Ultisol）中采集了土壤层样本，并采用两步磁分离法将块状土壤分为强磁性（SM）、弱磁性（WM）和非磁性（NM）馏分。研究了大块土壤的基本特征。为了确定这些馏分的矿物学和地球化学特征，并确定它们对蛇纹石土壤中生物可利用铬的定量贡献，我们采用了各种光谱技术，如 X 射线衍射、电子探针显微分析、X 射线光电子能谱和 X 射线吸收光谱，以及振动样品磁力测定法，分析了它们的矿物组成、磁性、元素组成和化合价。结果表明，在 SM 和 WM 部分中，主要的含铬矿物是磁铁矿和铬铁矿，在 NM 部分中，蛇纹石和绿泥石等层状硅酸盐也有少量出现。总铬含量按以下顺序减少：SM；WM；NM。SM部分的重量比例最低，而这一比例在Ultisol中低于Entisol。这一观察结果表明，铬尖晶石的风化与破碎矿物颗粒中大量的 Al、Ca、Mn 和 Ni 阳离子取代铁和铬、以及磁铁矿中铁（III）和铬（VI）浓度的增加有关。主要由磁铁矿和铬铁矿组成的 SM 部分在 0.1 M HCl 的萃取下显示出最高的生物可利用铬浓度。然而，由于 NM 部分的重量比例高于其他部分，并且在成土过程中有所增加，因此含铬层硅酸盐是块状土壤中生物可利用铬的最大潜在来源。
{"title":"How magnetism-based fractional spinels contribute to the bioavailability of geogenic chromium in serpentine soils of Taiwan","authors":"Chia-Yu Yang , Wei-Hao Lee , Shan-Li Wang , Zeng-Yei Hseu","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serpentine soils are highly rich in geogenic chromium (Cr), typically associated with spinel minerals. The high resistance of these minerals to weathering has raised concerns regarding their contribution to Cr bioavailability in serpentine soils. This study collected soil horizon samples from two pedons (Entisol and Ultisol) in eastern Taiwan and applied a two-step magnetic separation method to divide the bulk soils into strongly magnetic (SM), weakly magnetic (WM), and nonmagnetic (NM) fractions. The basic characteristics of the bulk soils were examined. To characterize the mineralogy and geochemistry of the fractions and determine their quantitative contribution of bioavailable Cr in serpentine soils, we analyzed their mineral composition, magnetic properties, and elemental composition and valence by using various spectrometric techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as vibrating sample magnetometry. The results indicated the main Cr-bearing minerals were magnetite and chromite in the SM and WM fractions, with minor occurrences in layer silicates, such as serpentine and chlorite, in the NM fraction. The total Cr content decreased in the following order: SM > WM > NM. The SM fraction had the lowest weight proportion, and this proportion was lower for the Ultisol than the Entisol. This observation indicated that the weathering of Cr spinels is associated with the substantial cation substitution of Al, Ca, Mn, and Ni for Fe and Cr in broken mineral grains and increases in the Fe(III) and Cr(VI) concentrations in magnetite. The SM fraction, mainly consists of magnetite and chromite, exhibited the highest concentration of bioavailable Cr extracted by 0.1 M HCl. However, the Cr-bearing layer silicates represented the largest potential pool of bioavailable Cr in the bulk soils because the weight proportion of the NM fraction was higher than those of the other fractions and increased during pedogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00869
Erick O. Otieno , Florence K. Lenga , David M. Mburu , Milka N. Kiboi , Andreas Fliessbach , Felix K. Ngetich
Soil microbial biomass elements and mineralization processes are essential in replenishing soil nutrients. Yet, the effect of fertilization on the microbes is still not well-defined. This study aimed to determine the effect of integrated soil fertility inputs (inorganic and organic) on microbial biomass, carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), nitrogen (N) mineralization, and N use efficiency in a field experiment. The treatments were: control (no fertility input), sole inorganic fertilizer, and different combinations of inorganic and organic inputs in a randomized block design. The results showed that Conventional tillage + maize residue + goat manure + Dolichos lablab intercrop (CT4); minimum tillage + maize residue + Tithonia diversifolia + goat manure (MT5); and minimum tillage + maize residue + goat manure + Dolichos lablab (MT4) intercrop increased microbial C, N, and P by 78 %, 48 %, and 41 %, respectively compared to control (CT0). Compared to CT0, N mineralization significantly varied (p < 0.0001) among the treatments at planting and on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days after planting during the 2020 short rains season. It also differed significantly (p = 0.0018, 0.0028, < 0.0001, and 0.0028,) on the 45th, 60th, 75th, 90th, and 105th days, respectively, relative to CT0 after planting during the 2021 long rains season. The CT4 had 5.11 and 52.80 kg N ha−1 higher apparent nitrogen recovery and partial factor productivity N, respectively. Similarly, MT4 greatly enhanced N apparent recovery efficiency by 57.5 % relative to CT0. Integrating fertility inputs improved soil biological fertility and mineralized N. Therefore, technologies that integrate organic inputs, either solely or with inorganic fertilizers, should be harnessed and promoted as medium and long-term technologies to advance soil biological fertility, and mineral N and N use efficiency in smallholder farmers.
{"title":"Combined inorganic and organic fertilizers improved soil microbial biomass and nitrogen dynamics in Upper Eastern region of Kenya","authors":"Erick O. Otieno , Florence K. Lenga , David M. Mburu , Milka N. Kiboi , Andreas Fliessbach , Felix K. Ngetich","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbial biomass elements and mineralization processes are essential in replenishing soil nutrients. Yet, the effect of fertilization on the microbes is still not well-defined. This study aimed to determine the effect of integrated soil fertility inputs (inorganic and organic) on microbial biomass, carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), nitrogen (N) mineralization, and N use efficiency in a field experiment. The treatments were: control (no fertility input), sole inorganic fertilizer, and different combinations of inorganic and organic inputs in a randomized block design. The results showed that Conventional tillage + maize residue + goat manure + <em>Dolichos lablab</em> intercrop (CT4); minimum tillage + maize residue + <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> + goat manure (MT5); and minimum tillage + maize residue + goat manure + <em>Dolichos lablab</em> (MT4) intercrop increased microbial C, N, and P by 78 %, 48 %, and 41 %, respectively compared to control (CT0). Compared to CT0, N mineralization significantly varied (<em>p</em> < 0.0001) among the treatments at planting and on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days after planting during the 2020 short rains season. It also differed significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.0018, 0.0028, < 0.0001, and 0.0028,) on the 45th, 60th, 75th, 90th, and 105th days, respectively, relative to CT0 after planting during the 2021 long rains season. The CT4 had 5.11 and 52.80 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> higher apparent nitrogen recovery and partial factor productivity N, respectively. Similarly, MT4 greatly enhanced N apparent recovery efficiency by 57.5 % relative to CT0. Integrating fertility inputs improved soil biological fertility and mineralized N. Therefore, technologies that integrate organic inputs, either solely or with inorganic fertilizers, should be harnessed and promoted as medium and long-term technologies to advance soil biological fertility, and mineral N and N use efficiency in smallholder farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352009424001160/pdfft?md5=3341093979cf9741a12d4572af6034ba&pid=1-s2.0-S2352009424001160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00868
Chao Tan , Haijun Luan , Qiuhua He , Shuchen Yu , Meiduan Zheng , Lanhui Wang
Soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for carbon sequestration and sustainable agriculture, yet traditional quantification methods are challenging to apply at large scales. Hyperspectral technology combined with machine-learning offers promising prospects for rapid quantification. This study explores the impact of using VNIR-SWIR spectra on SOM quantification in regions characterized by distinctive soil properties and agricultural activity. Specifically, we propose an innovative approach using 105 soil samples from Yueyang City, China, to refine the range of spectrally active materials and evaluate the effectiveness of iron oxides and straw on SOM quantification. Three feature construction methods (conventional (VNIR-SWIR spectra), optimal (information spectrum subset, ISS), and straw-merged ISS (SISS)) and seven models were employed to evaluate the contributions of iron oxides and straw in SOM quantification. The results indicate that the SISS improved the generalization (RPD and R2) of nonlinear and linear models by approximately 9 % and 4 %, respectively. The relative contributions of straw and iron oxides in modelling are approximately 35 % and 10 %, respectively. Our research successfully developed the SISS by refining the range of spectrally active materials and considering the background formed by the soil properties of the study area. We used it to evaluate the impact of straw on SOM quantification and demonstrated that the spectroscopic characterization of SOM can assess the carbon sequestration benefits of agricultural activities. This approach can be applied to regions with similar soil properties globally, offering a new perspective for SOM quantification.
土壤有机质（SOM）对于碳固存和可持续农业至关重要，但传统的量化方法在大规模应用时具有挑战性。高光谱技术与机器学习相结合，为快速量化提供了广阔的前景。本研究探讨了在具有独特土壤特性和农业活动的地区使用 VNIR-SWIR 光谱对 SOM 定量的影响。具体而言，我们提出了一种创新方法，利用来自中国岳阳市的 105 个土壤样本来完善光谱活性物质的范围，并评估铁氧化物和秸秆对 SOM 定量的有效性。采用三种特征构建方法（传统方法（VNIR-SWIR 光谱）、最优方法（信息光谱子集，ISS）和秸秆混合 ISS（SISS））和七个模型来评估氧化铁和秸秆在 SOM 定量中的贡献。结果表明，SISS 使非线性和线性模型的广义性（RPD 和 R2）分别提高了约 9% 和 4%。秸秆和氧化铁在建模中的相对贡献率分别约为 35% 和 10%。我们的研究通过完善光谱活性物质的范围并考虑研究区域土壤特性形成的背景，成功开发了 SISS。我们用它来评估秸秆对 SOM 定量的影响，并证明 SOM 的光谱特征可以评估农业活动的固碳效益。这种方法可应用于全球土壤特性相似的地区，为 SOM 定量提供了一个新的视角。
{"title":"Accurate quantification of soil organic matter content using VNIR-SWIR spectra: The role of straw and spectrally active materials","authors":"Chao Tan , Haijun Luan , Qiuhua He , Shuchen Yu , Meiduan Zheng , Lanhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for carbon sequestration and sustainable agriculture, yet traditional quantification methods are challenging to apply at large scales. Hyperspectral technology combined with machine-learning offers promising prospects for rapid quantification. This study explores the impact of using VNIR-SWIR spectra on SOM quantification in regions characterized by distinctive soil properties and agricultural activity. Specifically, we propose an innovative approach using 105 soil samples from Yueyang City, China, to refine the range of spectrally active materials and evaluate the effectiveness of iron oxides and straw on SOM quantification. Three feature construction methods (conventional (VNIR-SWIR spectra), optimal (information spectrum subset, ISS), and straw-merged ISS (SISS)) and seven models were employed to evaluate the contributions of iron oxides and straw in SOM quantification. The results indicate that the SISS improved the generalization (RPD and <em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>) of nonlinear and linear models by approximately 9 % and 4 %, respectively. The relative contributions of straw and iron oxides in modelling are approximately 35 % and 10 %, respectively. Our research successfully developed the SISS by refining the range of spectrally active materials and considering the background formed by the soil properties of the study area. We used it to evaluate the impact of straw on SOM quantification and demonstrated that the spectroscopic characterization of SOM can assess the carbon sequestration benefits of agricultural activities. This approach can be applied to regions with similar soil properties globally, offering a new perspective for SOM quantification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In South Asia, the sustainability of conventional tillage and input-intensive cereal-based cropping systems (such as rice-rice and rice-wheat) is under scrutiny due to soil organic carbon depletion, stagnant productivity, and adverse environmental impacts stemming from greenhouse gas emissions (N2O, CH4, and CO2). Against this backdrop, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 2009 at three sites in India (Karnal, Patna, and Aduthurai) and one site in Bangladesh (Gazipur) to assess four scenarios (S) reflecting current and future diversified crop rotations and conservation agriculture (CA) practices: S1 - double cereal rotation with conventional practices; S2 - double cereal plus legume rotation with partial CA; S3 - double cereal plus legume rotation with full CA; and S4 - futuristic diversified cereal-legume rotations with full CA. This study delved into the dynamics and stabilization of soil organic carbon across all scenarios and sites. Replicated soil samples were collected from depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm after two crop cycles. We analyzed Walkley-Black carbon (WBC), total organic carbon (TOC), and various carbon pools with different oxidizability, determining the amount of carbon stabilized under CA-based scenarios and identifying optimal systems for carbon economy in South Asia. On average, active and passive carbon pools, TOC, and WBC stocks followed the order: S4 > S3 > S2 > S1 at all sites, except Gazipur, where the order was S3 > S4 > S2 > S1. CA practices stabilized applied carbon inputs to soil organic carbon at an annual rate of 1.7 %, with greater stabilization observed under S4 (11.7 %) > S3 (10.6 %) > S2 (7.8 %), regardless of location. Rice-rice sites exhibited a higher carbon stabilization rate (13.4 %) compared to rice-wheat sites (6.7 %). A significant proportion of stabilized carbon (63 %) was allocated to passive pools in soils under S2, S3, and S4, highlighting CA's potential to enhance carbon stability. Using a linear indexing technique, we identified that both S3 and S4 are conducive to better carbon stabilization, yield sustainability, and environmental co-benefits. Consequently, full CA systems with best management practices (S3) and best management practices with crop diversification (S4) are recommended for sustainable crop production in the major double cereal growing regions of South Asia, including India and Bangladesh.
{"title":"Early-stage soil organic carbon stabilization in conservation agriculture-based cereal systems","authors":"Dibakar Roy , Ritesh Kundu , Samrat Ghosh , Ashim Datta , Biswapati Mandal , Sheetal Sharma , J.K. Ladha","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In South Asia, the sustainability of conventional tillage and input-intensive cereal-based cropping systems (such as rice-rice and rice-wheat) is under scrutiny due to soil organic carbon depletion, stagnant productivity, and adverse environmental impacts stemming from greenhouse gas emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>). Against this backdrop, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 2009 at three sites in India (Karnal, Patna, and Aduthurai) and one site in Bangladesh (Gazipur) to assess four scenarios (S) reflecting current and future diversified crop rotations and conservation agriculture (CA) practices: S1 - double cereal rotation with conventional practices; S2 - double cereal plus legume rotation with partial CA; S3 - double cereal plus legume rotation with full CA; and S4 - futuristic diversified cereal-legume rotations with full CA. This study delved into the dynamics and stabilization of soil organic carbon across all scenarios and sites. Replicated soil samples were collected from depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm after two crop cycles. We analyzed Walkley-Black carbon (WBC), total organic carbon (TOC), and various carbon pools with different oxidizability, determining the amount of carbon stabilized under CA-based scenarios and identifying optimal systems for carbon economy in South Asia. On average, active and passive carbon pools, TOC, and WBC stocks followed the order: S4 > S3 > S2 > S1 at all sites, except Gazipur, where the order was S3 > S4 > S2 > S1. CA practices stabilized applied carbon inputs to soil organic carbon at an annual rate of 1.7 %, with greater stabilization observed under S4 (11.7 %) > S3 (10.6 %) > S2 (7.8 %), regardless of location. Rice-rice sites exhibited a higher carbon stabilization rate (13.4 %) compared to rice-wheat sites (6.7 %). A significant proportion of stabilized carbon (63 %) was allocated to passive pools in soils under S2, S3, and S4, highlighting CA's potential to enhance carbon stability. Using a linear indexing technique, we identified that both S3 and S4 are conducive to better carbon stabilization, yield sustainability, and environmental co-benefits. Consequently, full CA systems with best management practices (S3) and best management practices with crop diversification (S4) are recommended for sustainable crop production in the major double cereal growing regions of South Asia, including India and Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims to assess potential soil water repellency (SWR) in the surface layers of long-term agricultural fen soils. Furthermore, we attempt to enhance our understanding of the links between selected soil properties (e.g., secondary transformation, total organic carbon (TOC) content) and SWR in differently used (grasslands and arable lands) fen soils in the temperate climate zone. The study was conducted in the Grójec Valley, Central Poland. The soil samples for laboratory analyses were collected in June 2022 from 64 sampling points – 56 grassland and 8 arable sites. We found that secondary soil transformation (mursh forming process) was significantly positively correlated with SWR – determined by MED (molarity of ethanol droplet) and WDPT (water drop penetration time) methods (r = 0.42 and r = 0.40, p < 0.05) only in the organic samples (i.e., mursh). The significant positive correlation between SWR and TOC content (r = 0.73 (MED) and r = 0.74 (WDPT), p < 0.05) indicates that, as well as organic matter depletion, there was a decrease in the water repellency of the studied soils. Our results indicate that study fen sites should be rewetted, and that the implementation of the paludiculture must take place in the near future. At a minimum, further arable cultivation of organic soils should be avoided, as they are the most vulnerable to secondary transformation and exhibit high SWR values. Furthermore, in the case of crop production on post-organic soils, it is recommended that the conservation tillage method is applied to prevent further depletion of soil organic matter content.
{"title":"Soil water repellency and its importance for the climate-smart sustainable management of fen peatland soils in Central Poland","authors":"Bartłomiej Glina , Fagbemi Mayowa Yetunde , Łukasz Mendyk , Agnieszka Piernik","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper aims to assess potential soil water repellency (SWR) in the surface layers of long-term agricultural fen soils. Furthermore, we attempt to enhance our understanding of the links between selected soil properties (e.g., secondary transformation, total organic carbon (TOC) content) and SWR in differently used (grasslands and arable lands) fen soils in the temperate climate zone. The study was conducted in the Grójec Valley, Central Poland. The soil samples for laboratory analyses were collected in June 2022 from 64 sampling points – 56 grassland and 8 arable sites. We found that secondary soil transformation (mursh forming process) was significantly positively correlated with SWR – determined by MED (molarity of ethanol droplet) and WDPT (water drop penetration time) methods (<em>r</em> = 0.42 and <em>r</em> = 0.40, <em>p</em> < 0.05) only in the organic samples (i.e., mursh). The significant positive correlation between SWR and TOC content (<em>r</em> = 0.73 (MED) and <em>r</em> = 0.74 (WDPT), <em>p</em> < 0.05) indicates that, as well as organic matter depletion, there was a decrease in the water repellency of the studied soils. Our results indicate that study fen sites should be rewetted, and that the implementation of the paludiculture must take place in the near future. At a minimum, further arable cultivation of organic soils should be avoided, as they are the most vulnerable to secondary transformation and exhibit high SWR values. Furthermore, in the case of crop production on post-organic soils, it is recommended that the conservation tillage method is applied to prevent further depletion of soil organic matter content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00866
Augustine K. Osei , Naresh V. Thevathasan , Maren Oelbermann
Predicting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in perennial biomass crops using process-based models provides a greater understanding of land management impacts on climate mitigation through long-term soil carbon sequestration. The objective of this study was to predict long-term SOC dynamics in different perennial biomass crops [miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), willow (Salix miyabeana L.)] as compared to secondary regrowth vegetation (successional site) and a row crop system. The Century model accurately predicted SOC when simulated values were compared to measured field data. Average SOC stocks over the 162-year simulation period to 20 cm, were highest in miscanthus (8521 g C m−2), followed by the successional site (6877 g C m−2), switchgrass (6480 g C m−2), willow (5448 g C m−2) and lowest in the row crop system (3995 g C m−2). Higher SOC stocks in the miscanthus than the successional site indicates that, despite frequent biomass harvest, perennial biomass crops can accumulate higher carbon in soil than when a marginally productive cropland is left to undergo secondary regrowth. However, this depends on the crop species, since the miscanthus was the only biomass crop that reached pre-cultivation (1911) SOC stock of 8288 g C m−2. Moreover, the perennial biomass crops enhanced SOC in the slow fraction, whereas row crops depleted SOC in this fraction. This indicates the vital contribution of perennial biomass crops in long-term SOC sequestration and their role in climate change mitigation, especially when grown on marginally productive croplands.
利用基于过程的模型预测多年生生物质作物中土壤有机碳（SOC）的变化，有助于更好地了解土地管理通过长期土壤固碳对气候减缓的影响。本研究的目的是预测不同多年生生物质作物 [马齿苋（Miscanthus giganteus L.）、开关草（Panicum virgatum L.）、柳树（Salix miyabeana L.）]与次生植被（演替地点）和连作系统相比的长期 SOC 动态变化。在将模拟值与实地测量数据进行比较时，Century 模型准确预测了 SOC。在长达 162 年的模拟期内，20 厘米处的平均 SOC 储量以马齿苋最高（8521 克 C m-2），其次是演替地（6877 克 C m-2）、开关草（6480 克 C m-2）和柳树（5448 克 C m-2），最低的是连作系统（3995 克 C m-2）。马齿苋的 SOC 储量高于继代地，这表明，尽管生物量收获频繁，但多年生生物量作物在土壤中的碳累积量仍高于让低产耕地进行二次再生长的情况。不过，这取决于作物种类，因为马齿苋是唯一达到栽培前（1911 年）8288 克 C m-2 SOC 储量的生物质作物。此外，多年生生物质作物增加了慢速部分的 SOC，而行列作物则消耗了这一部分的 SOC。这表明多年生生物质作物在长期固存 SOC 方面做出了重要贡献，并在减缓气候变化方面发挥了作用，尤其是在低产耕地上种植多年生生物质作物时。
{"title":"Soil carbon dynamics in perennial biomass crops on marginally productive cropland in southern Canada","authors":"Augustine K. Osei , Naresh V. Thevathasan , Maren Oelbermann","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in perennial biomass crops using process-based models provides a greater understanding of land management impacts on climate mitigation through long-term soil carbon sequestration. The objective of this study was to predict long-term SOC dynamics in different perennial biomass crops [miscanthus (<em>Miscanthus giganteus</em> L.), switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.), willow (<em>Salix miyabeana</em> L.)] as compared to secondary regrowth vegetation (successional site) and a row crop system. The Century model accurately predicted SOC when simulated values were compared to measured field data. Average SOC stocks over the 162-year simulation period to 20 cm, were highest in miscanthus (8521 g C m<sup>−2</sup>), followed by the successional site (6877 g C m<sup>−2</sup>), switchgrass (6480 g C m<sup>−2</sup>), willow (5448 g C m<sup>−2</sup>) and lowest in the row crop system (3995 g C m<sup>−2</sup>). Higher SOC stocks in the miscanthus than the successional site indicates that, despite frequent biomass harvest, perennial biomass crops can accumulate higher carbon in soil than when a marginally productive cropland is left to undergo secondary regrowth. However, this depends on the crop species, since the miscanthus was the only biomass crop that reached pre-cultivation (1911) SOC stock of 8288 g C m<sup>−2</sup>. Moreover, the perennial biomass crops enhanced SOC in the slow fraction, whereas row crops depleted SOC in this fraction. This indicates the vital contribution of perennial biomass crops in long-term SOC sequestration and their role in climate change mitigation, especially when grown on marginally productive croplands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352009424001135/pdfft?md5=b73da0b492405eb8c3c75ae349dd2699&pid=1-s2.0-S2352009424001135-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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