Geoderma Regional最新文献

{"title":"Surface soil sampling underestimates soil carbon and nitrogen storage of long-term cover cropping","authors":"Yajun Peng,&nbsp;Laura L. Van Eerd","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover cropping is a promising management practice for soil health and climate change mitigation by improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks. However, limited studies focused on deeper soil layers (&gt;30 cm depth) where soil C is more stable than that in surface soil (≤30 cm depth). Here, deep soil sampling was conducted in a 15-year cover cropping experiment, in a horticulture-grain system on sandy loam soil. The SOC and TN stocks were expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis using a cubic spline model. Overall, long-term cover cropping had significantly greater SOC and TN stocks by 22 % (95 %CI: 5–43 %) and 26 % (95 %CI: 6–49 %), respectively in the 0–120 cm depth, compared to no cover cropping. Additionally, the mean SOC and TN sequestration rate (0–30 cm depth) was 0.53 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 0.06 Mg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. However, if only 0–15 cm depth was evaluated, long-term cover cropping did not significantly affect SOC and TN stocks. These results indicated that shallow sampling (&lt;15 cm depth) may not provide comprehensive information on the effect of long-term cover cropping on soil C and N storage. To better understand the mechanism of bulk soil C and N storage, we investigated their distribution between particulate and mineral-associated organic matter pools (POM and MAOM). We found POM pool was the main store of bulk SOC and TN stocks in surface soils while it was the MAOM pool in deeper soil layers, without soil texture change with soil depth. These findings indicated that soil C and N sources for bulk SOC and TN accrual differed in surface and deeper soils. Our study demonstrated that long-term cover cropping can facilitate SOC accumulation in the soil below 15 cm deep, which calls into question carbon capture protocols that focus on shallow soil depths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrification inhibitor effect on manganese and phosphorus shoot concentrations in maize under different textured soils from northern Germany","authors":"Mathew Edung Etabo,&nbsp;Pablo Lacerda Ribeiro,&nbsp;Britta Pitann,&nbsp;Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High soil pH can result in Mn²⁺ and P deficiency, leading to crop yield losses. Therefore, supplying soil with NH₄⁺-N fertilizer in stabilized or unstabilized form can increase soil Mn²⁺ availability and shoot concentration. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been proposed to lower rhizosphere soil pH, thus improving plant P uptake and preventing P deficiency in soils with high pH. Thus, this study investigated whether NI-stabilized or unstabilized NH₄⁺-N could increase Mn²⁺ availability in three differently-textured soils (sand, loamy sand, and silt loam) and promote Mn²⁺ and P shoot concentration in maize. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of applying NH₄⁺-N fertilizer with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) combined with different nitrogen (N) sources (calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), and ammonium sulphate (AS)). The measured variables were bulk and rhizosphere soil pH and Mn²⁺ availability, maize biomass, as well as Mn²⁺ and P shoot concentrations. The results indicated that DMPP-stabilized AS significantly decreased rhizosphere pH by 7.2 % in loamy sand soil texture compared with unstabilized AS. Similarly, only in the loamy sand texture, DMPP-stabilized AS increased Mn²⁺ availability and shoot concentration by 86 % and 47 %, respectively, relative to unstabilized AS. Furthermore, DMPP-treated AS and AN promoted P shoot concentration by 30 % and 21 % in the loamy sand and silt loam soil textures, respectively, relative to the corresponding N sources without DMPP. Conversely, DMPP did not impact the investigated variables in the sand texture for all N sources. Moreover, AN and AS increased biomass yield, Mn²⁺ availability, and shoot concentration by 72 %, 30 %, and 46 %, respectively, in relation to the CN fertilizer in the sand soil texture. In conclusion, this study confirmed the effectiveness of DMPP-induced rhizosphere acidification in enhancing Mn²⁺ and P shoot concentration in loamy sand soil textures, as well as P shoot concentration in fine-textured soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating soil physicochemical factors influencing trace element contamination at the semi-urban-rural home gardening interfaces on the Fiji Islands","authors":"Vimlesh Chand ,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Md Yousuf Mia ,&nbsp;Md Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Md Abdullah Al Masud ,&nbsp;Rahat Khan ,&nbsp;Subodh Chandra Pal ,&nbsp;Sudhir Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Rozleen Roslyn Deo","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its ecological and public health implications, home gardening soil pollution is challenging. However, the physicochemical factors of trace element pollution in semi-urban-rural home gardening soil interfaces in Fiji are unclear. Self-organizing map (SOM), chemometrics, compositional data analysis (CDA), and soil quality indices were used to evaluate spatial patterns, contamination characteristics, sources, and factors affecting trace element contamination in 55 soil samples from semi-urban and rural Fiji. The average contents of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable forms of trace element levels (mg/kg) increased in rural areas as Fe (55.7) &gt; Mn (40.4) &gt; Zn (9.4) &gt; Cu (5.9) and semi-urban areas as Fe (55.2) &gt; Zn (35.9) &gt; Mn (37.1) &gt; Cu (16.1). Rural soils have less ecological risks to home gardening than semi-urban soils. SOM and CDA analysis showed four spatial clusters: clusters 1 and 3 are natural geogenic in rural regions while clusters 2 and 4 are human-induced non-point sources in semi-urban areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that semi-urban Cu-Zn was more affected by manufacturing emissions or fertilization, whereas rural Fe-Mn was more likely to be lithogenic. The research found that pH and organic matter significantly affect Cu and Zn pollution in semi-urban soils (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>). For rural and semi-urban soils, trace element subsets explained 44 %–87 % of soil contamination changes using the stepwise regression model. These findings aid to establishing a primary database of eco-environmental risks and facilitate comprehensive strategies for assessing soil contamination and potential threats to food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedrock lithology and tree species type influence soil nitrogen dynamics in a temperate forest","authors":"Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad ,&nbsp;Adnan Mustafa ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Kukla ,&nbsp;Jan Frouz","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant progress in studying soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) cycling in temperate forest soils, understanding of how bedrock lithology and tree species type influence these parameters remains tentative. To address this, we collected soil samples from three depth intervals and plant materials from two distinct tree species, beech, and lime, from sites within the Hyrcanian Forests (Iran) underlain by carbonate and intermediate volcanic bedrock. C and N elemental concentrations and their stable isotope compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were determined for bulk soil and four SOM fractions, including free particulate organic matter (FPOM), macroaggregates, microaggregates, silt + clay-sized fractions, as well as leaf litter and fine roots.</div><div>Results indicated that lithology and tree species had no significant relationship with SOC content and δ¹³C of various soil fractions. Along with their δ¹⁵N values, TN contents of bulk soil, FPOM, macro- and microaggregates covaried with tree species and lithology. Total N content in bulk soils underneath lime trees exceeded that found beneath beech trees (0.43 % vs. 0.36 %). In terms of N turnover, volcanic soils showed significantly higher mean ¹⁵N enrichment relative to that observed for carbonate soils. The C and N fluxes observed for different tree species and lithologies revealed a ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment trend in the following order: macroaggregates&lt; microaggregates&lt; silt and clay-sized particles. Our results showed that underlying lithology influences C and N dynamics in forest soils, and the analysis of the natural abundance of ¹³C and ¹⁵N provides detailed information on C and N cycling and stabilization pathways in soil aggregates. Our findings demonstrate the importance of lithology as a factor in nutrient cycle estimates for terrestrial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover crop mixtures enhance belowground carbon input and suppression of spontaneous flora under Danish conditions","authors":"Juliana Trindade Martins ,&nbsp;Nadja Fuglkjær Bloch ,&nbsp;Kirsten Lønne Enggrob ,&nbsp;Zhi Liang ,&nbsp;Laura Sofie Harbo ,&nbsp;Jim Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Leanne Peixoto","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crop (CC) mixtures offer a unique set of advantages that can enhance soil health and agricultural productivity when compared to pure stand CC. However, a quantitative understanding of the varying contributions of different carbon (C) input pathways in CC mixtures is lacking. To address these gaps, a field experiment with multiple-pulse labelling with ¹³CO₂ was used to quantify C-derived from CC mixtures via plant biomass, as well as via phyllo- and rhizodeposition. We assessed the impact of preceding main crops (barley, barley-pea, pea, and faba bean) on soil C input to 75 cm depth by two CC treatments (pure stand ryegrass versus a mixture of chicory, plantain, and ryegrass) and their effect on spontaneous flora (SF) biomass and diversity. In topsoil layers (0–25 cm), net C lost to soil via phyllo- and rhizodeposition was higher with mixed CC (30 g C m⁻²) than pure stand ryegrass (25 g C m⁻²). Between 25 and 75 cm, mixed CC and pure stand CC had similar C inputs via rhizodeposition despite larger root biomass in mixed CC. Cover crops reduced SF biomass and diversity, with mixed CC exerting the strongest suppressive effect, reducing biomass (individuals counted) by 57 % compared to the control. The improved efficiency of mixed CC was attributed to species complementarity in leaf and root patterns, resource utilization, and nutrient uptake. In conclusion, well-designed mixed CC had a greater positive impact on soil C inputs and suppression of SF compared to CC pure stand with ryegrass, resulting from complementary above and belowground traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation-dependent biochar impacts on coastal acid-sulfate soil in paddy fields and the consequences on rice growth and yield","authors":"Hao Phu Dong ,&nbsp;Binh Thanh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Anh Hoang Le ,&nbsp;Gai Dai Dinh","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing eco-friendly and cost-effective amendments, like biochar produced from agricultural biomass wastes offers numerous benefits for ameliorating acid-sulfate soils in coastal regions. This study investigates seasonal variation and rice husk and longan biochar's impacts on soil properties, quality, and rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) growth and yield in acid-sulfate paddy fields during dry and rainy seasons. Five treatments (T) were tested: T1 (no biochar), T2 and T3 (10-tone and 20-tone rice-husk biochar ha⁻¹), and T4 and T5 (10-tone and 20-tone longan biochar ha⁻¹). Results showed that biochar improved soil properties with pH increasing by 3.2 % to 9.2 % and exchangeable Al decreasing by 7.7 % to 18.1 %, compared to T1, dependent on treatments and seasons. Soil quality index in biochar treatments increased by 30 %, 54 %, 26 %, and 16 % for T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, compared to T1 in the dry season. This season exhibited the highest grain weight (1.06 kg m⁻²) and total biomass (2.31 kg m⁻²) in T3, followed by T5, T2, T4, and T1. The rainy season benefits were less pronounced, likely due to leaching, suggesting more frequent applications may be necessary in high-rainfall regions. Liming effects and leaching in the rainy season were identified as primary mechanisms influencing soil quality and rice yield. Rice-husk biochar was more effective than longan biochar in mitigating soil constraints and enhancing rice yield. In short, biochar effectively ameliorates acid-sulfate soil constraints, improving rice yield and growth. However, rapidly diminishing effects during the rainy season necessitate further investigation for optimal application in high-rainfall regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil carbon sequestration under N fertilized or mixed legume-grass pastures depends on soil type and prior land-use","authors":"Wesley dos Santos Souza ,&nbsp;Stallone da Costa Soares ,&nbsp;Bruno Grossi Costa Homem ,&nbsp;Ítalo Braz Gonçalves de Lima ,&nbsp;Lucas Peralta Carneiro Borges ,&nbsp;Daniel Rume Casagrande ,&nbsp;Claudia de Paula Rezende ,&nbsp;José Marques Pereira ,&nbsp;Erika Flávia Machado Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Marcos Gervasio Pereira ,&nbsp;Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ,&nbsp;Segundo Urquiaga ,&nbsp;Robert Michael Boddey","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass-fed beef operations with well-managed pastures mixed with stoloniferous forage legumes are an alternative to increase animal productivity and sequester carbon (C) in the soil. However, using the same system, differences in response time and C sequestration may occur when established in different regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on C and nitrogen (N) stocks in the soil due to the implementation in the same year, of pasture systems with and without N fertilization or mixed with stoloniferous forage legumes in two regions under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The two experiments were established at the same time and carried out in two areas contrasting in soil type and edaphoclimatic features. The first area was in a transition between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biomes with a Ferralsol with a uniform clayey texture (Lavras site). The second area was in an Atlantic Forest biome with an Acrisol with low natural fertility and sandy texture (Itabela site). Marandu grass (<em>Urochloa brizantha</em> cv. Marandu) fertilized or not with N or mixed with forage legumes for a shorter and longer times were evaluated. Soil samples were taken at the start of the study and after 8 and 15–38 years of grazing and analyzed for total C and N, ¹³C abundance and fractionation of soil organic matter. After the first eight years at Lavras, the soil indicated that C and N stocks were starting to increase under this management after a long period of plough tillage for maize production. The longer-term pastures (after 15 and 20 years of establishment) mixed with forage legume or fertilized with N, respectively, showed that C stocks recovered to their original status under the native vegetation at the Lavras site. At Itabela, the soil C and N stocks were similar to the stocks under the native vegetation even after 35 or 38 years of mixed pasture, but the stocks were far lower than at Lavras, which can be attributed to the much coarser soil texture. Pasture systems of similar productivity may promote the accumulation of very different C stocks depending on the land use history prior to their installation and soil clay content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil sampling design matters - Enhancing the efficiency of digital soil mapping at the field scale","authors":"Daniel Žížala ,&nbsp;Tomáš Princ ,&nbsp;Jan Skála ,&nbsp;Anna Juřicová ,&nbsp;Vojtěch Lukas ,&nbsp;Roman Bohovic ,&nbsp;Tereza Zádorová ,&nbsp;Robert Minařík","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimisation of sampling design (methods chosen to select the samples) and sample size (number of samples) remains a key challenge in digital soil mapping, especially in the area of precision farming with the expected economic benefits from the introduction of new technologies. As the existing information is available in the form of relevant environmental covariates, its combination with non-parametric machine learning techniques requires careful planning from the initial field sampling to the final production of digital soil maps. The aim of this study is to compare widely used covariate-wise sampling designs combined with variable sample sizes for supervised prediction of common soil drivers of agricultural productivity (pH, soil organic carbon, soil macronutrients) in a real case study of a field (35 ha) with heterogeneous soil properties. From a total of 200 samples, we evaluated different sample sets where 10, 30 and 60 field samples were selected by conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling (cLHS) and Feature Space Coverage Sampling (FSCS) to calibrate random forest (RF) models. The evaluation was performed on independently in-situ sampled test points. In addition to these datasets, we also compared the investigated methods with Simple Random Sampling (SRS) in a numerical benchmark experiment with increasing sample size, comparing the global accuracies of the predicted maps on the test points, but using interpolated maps as the artificial true population for each soil characteristic. The results of the study in both the field experiment and the numerical experiment showed slightly better results for the FSCS method, especially when the number of samples was small. At smaller training sample sizes, the risk of insufficiently accurate prediction models was slightly lower for FSCS and the difference decreased as the sample size increased. Nevertheless, sample size proved to be the most important factor in the accuracy of RF models, regardless of the sampling technique. The results suggest that a sample size between 18 and 30 training samples (0.6 to 1 sample ha⁻¹) seems plausible for covariate-wise predictions using RF at field scale in our case study. The relative importance of each auxiliary variable for each RF calibration was also assessed for the field experiment. The results showed that the additional introduction of spatial proxies overshadowed the importance of other covariates, but only significantly improved the model calibration at larger sample sizes. The calibrated models without spatial proxies showed the strongest effect of remotely sensed surface characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of anthropogenic factors and soil properties on earthworm diversity in southern Mediterranean agroecosystems","authors":"Asma Bengrid ,&nbsp;Hana Bouzahouane ,&nbsp;Fouzia Trea ,&nbsp;Otmani Amira ,&nbsp;Ali Becheker ,&nbsp;Kheireddine Ouali","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the biodiversity of earthworms in agroecosystems in the Annaba region of northeastern Algeria, focusing on the impact of agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions on these species. Seven earthworm species from the Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae families have been identified, of which five are new records for this region. Areas with intensive human activity exhibited a decrease in earthworm abundance and diversity, whereas areas with less intensive agricultural practices showed higher levels of earthworm diversity. Variations in soil properties related to land use and plant diversity were notable. Intensive agricultural practices resulted in altered soil characteristics, such as higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity, while organic amendments increased organic carbon and nutritional diversity. Essential nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, are crucial for earthworm vitality, while high levels of pH, salinity, and EC can reduce their populations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis supports these findings. In summary, agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions significantly influence earthworm populations, underscoring the need for sustainable methods to preserve underground biodiversity and ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New hydro-pedotransfer functions for Austrian soil mapping applications","authors":"Florian Darmann,&nbsp;Irene Schwaighofer,&nbsp;Monika Kumpan,&nbsp;Thomas Weninger,&nbsp;Peter Strauss","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge about the hydrological characteristics of soils is essential for modeling soil water dynamics, soil mapping, or civil engineering applications. Directly measuring soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, they are usually estimated from easily measurable parameters with pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Numerous PTFs have been developed for different scales, from a single watershed to continental applications. Global PTFs cover a broader spectrum of environmental conditions, whereas regional PTFs are designed for specific areas with distinctive soil types and landscapes. Our main hypothesis was that applying machine learning (ML) approaches representing state-of-the-art methodology, combined with a regionally focused database, would result in the most appropriate pedotransfer functions for national soil mapping applications. We developed point PTFs using a database of about 2300 samples from 520 agricultural sites. The data set encompassed a wide range of landscapes and soil types. The PTFs were utilized to predict soil field capacity (Θ₆₀ at pF = 1.8 and Θ₃₃₀ at pF = 2.5), permanent wilting point (Θ₁₅₀₀₀), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The random forest (RF) method was employed for model development, while quantile regression was used to assess the prediction quality. The new PTFs obtained an R² between 0.56 for Ks and 0.85 for Θ₁₅₀₀₀ and were compared with established PTFs. Subsequently, we applied the newly generated PTF to official soil data from the Austrian soil survey to predict hydrological soil information for agricultural areas in Austria. The interquartile range between the 10 % - and the 90 % - quantile was visualized to identify regions with different prediction qualities. This will be helpful for future sampling campaigns. High uncertainties were particularly identified for areas where soils dominate that are underrepresented in the data set. This includes soils with a high clay or sand content, typically found at valley bottoms of the alpine foothills or the Bohemian massif in the North of Austria. For areas with a large number of available samples, the prediction showed promising results. Further sampling for future improvements may be planned efficiently based on these results. Moreover, this research sheds light on a path forward, emphasizing assessing soil functionality on a regional scale, providing crucial information for further modeling, and allowing an adjusted and appropriate land management approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}