Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00886
John J. Arévalo-Hernández , Eduardo Medeiros de Oliveira , Gabriel Araújo e Silva Ferraz , Diana C. Polanía-Montiel , Anggy L. Liscano Solano , Marx Leandro Naves Silva
Conventional intensive farming systems can result in degraded soil. It is therefore important to monitor this effect periodically by delineating management zones (MZ) based on soil quality indices (SQI) in order to maintain and improve the soil characteristics in a precision farming environment and obtain homogeneous rice yields. The aim of this study was to determine and spatialise SQI and delineate MZ for cultivating flooded rice in an area of Fluvisols in Huila, Colombia. Forty-one georeferenced soil samples were collected from the 0 to 20 cm layer, and the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil were analysed to calculate the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and the Nemoro Quality Index (NQI) using linear scoring functions. Geostatistical tools were then used to fit semivariogram models of the SQI, and interpolated using ordinary kriging to map the MZ using the QGIS software. The IQI and NQI showed a moderate spatial correlation, which allowed three distinct MZ to be identified and delineated. Attributes, such as bulk density (Bd), total porosity (TP), soil respiration (SR), available water (AW) and soil organic matter (SOM) were significant and can be used as a guide by farmers for restoring the quality of the soil in rice production. The method proved to be effective, and provided an information base to be used in the local management of areas of rice cultivation in the study region.
{"title":"The delineation of management zones using soil quality indices for the cultivation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Huila, Colombia","authors":"John J. Arévalo-Hernández , Eduardo Medeiros de Oliveira , Gabriel Araújo e Silva Ferraz , Diana C. Polanía-Montiel , Anggy L. Liscano Solano , Marx Leandro Naves Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional intensive farming systems can result in degraded soil. It is therefore important to monitor this effect periodically by delineating management zones (MZ) based on soil quality indices (SQI) in order to maintain and improve the soil characteristics in a precision farming environment and obtain homogeneous rice yields. The aim of this study was to determine and spatialise SQI and delineate MZ for cultivating flooded rice in an area of Fluvisols in Huila, Colombia. Forty-one georeferenced soil samples were collected from the 0 to 20 cm layer, and the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil were analysed to calculate the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and the Nemoro Quality Index (NQI) using linear scoring functions. Geostatistical tools were then used to fit semivariogram models of the SQI, and interpolated using ordinary kriging to map the MZ using the QGIS software. The IQI and NQI showed a moderate spatial correlation, which allowed three distinct MZ to be identified and delineated. Attributes, such as bulk density (Bd), total porosity (TP), soil respiration (SR), available water (AW) and soil organic matter (SOM) were significant and can be used as a guide by farmers for restoring the quality of the soil in rice production. The method proved to be effective, and provided an information base to be used in the local management of areas of rice cultivation in the study region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00885
Yajun Peng, Laura L. Van Eerd
Cover cropping is a promising management practice for soil health and climate change mitigation by improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks. However, limited studies focused on deeper soil layers (>30 cm depth) where soil C is more stable than that in surface soil (≤30 cm depth). Here, deep soil sampling was conducted in a 15-year cover cropping experiment, in a horticulture-grain system on sandy loam soil. The SOC and TN stocks were expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis using a cubic spline model. Overall, long-term cover cropping had significantly greater SOC and TN stocks by 22 % (95 %CI: 5–43 %) and 26 % (95 %CI: 6–49 %), respectively in the 0–120 cm depth, compared to no cover cropping. Additionally, the mean SOC and TN sequestration rate (0–30 cm depth) was 0.53 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 and 0.06 Mg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. However, if only 0–15 cm depth was evaluated, long-term cover cropping did not significantly affect SOC and TN stocks. These results indicated that shallow sampling (<15 cm depth) may not provide comprehensive information on the effect of long-term cover cropping on soil C and N storage. To better understand the mechanism of bulk soil C and N storage, we investigated their distribution between particulate and mineral-associated organic matter pools (POM and MAOM). We found POM pool was the main store of bulk SOC and TN stocks in surface soils while it was the MAOM pool in deeper soil layers, without soil texture change with soil depth. These findings indicated that soil C and N sources for bulk SOC and TN accrual differed in surface and deeper soils. Our study demonstrated that long-term cover cropping can facilitate SOC accumulation in the soil below 15 cm deep, which calls into question carbon capture protocols that focus on shallow soil depths.
{"title":"Surface soil sampling underestimates soil carbon and nitrogen storage of long-term cover cropping","authors":"Yajun Peng, Laura L. Van Eerd","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover cropping is a promising management practice for soil health and climate change mitigation by improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks. However, limited studies focused on deeper soil layers (>30 cm depth) where soil C is more stable than that in surface soil (≤30 cm depth). Here, deep soil sampling was conducted in a 15-year cover cropping experiment, in a horticulture-grain system on sandy loam soil. The SOC and TN stocks were expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis using a cubic spline model. Overall, long-term cover cropping had significantly greater SOC and TN stocks by 22 % (95 %CI: 5–43 %) and 26 % (95 %CI: 6–49 %), respectively in the 0–120 cm depth, compared to no cover cropping. Additionally, the mean SOC and TN sequestration rate (0–30 cm depth) was 0.53 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> and 0.06 Mg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. However, if only 0–15 cm depth was evaluated, long-term cover cropping did not significantly affect SOC and TN stocks. These results indicated that shallow sampling (<15 cm depth) may not provide comprehensive information on the effect of long-term cover cropping on soil C and N storage. To better understand the mechanism of bulk soil C and N storage, we investigated their distribution between particulate and mineral-associated organic matter pools (POM and MAOM). We found POM pool was the main store of bulk SOC and TN stocks in surface soils while it was the MAOM pool in deeper soil layers, without soil texture change with soil depth. These findings indicated that soil C and N sources for bulk SOC and TN accrual differed in surface and deeper soils. Our study demonstrated that long-term cover cropping can facilitate SOC accumulation in the soil below 15 cm deep, which calls into question carbon capture protocols that focus on shallow soil depths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00882
Mathew Edung Etabo, Pablo Lacerda Ribeiro, Britta Pitann, Karl Hermann Mühling
High soil pH can result in Mn2+ and P deficiency, leading to crop yield losses. Therefore, supplying soil with NH4+-N fertilizer in stabilized or unstabilized form can increase soil Mn2+ availability and shoot concentration. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been proposed to lower rhizosphere soil pH, thus improving plant P uptake and preventing P deficiency in soils with high pH. Thus, this study investigated whether NI-stabilized or unstabilized NH4+-N could increase Mn2+ availability in three differently-textured soils (sand, loamy sand, and silt loam) and promote Mn2+ and P shoot concentration in maize. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of applying NH4+-N fertilizer with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) combined with different nitrogen (N) sources (calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), and ammonium sulphate (AS)). The measured variables were bulk and rhizosphere soil pH and Mn2+ availability, maize biomass, as well as Mn2+ and P shoot concentrations. The results indicated that DMPP-stabilized AS significantly decreased rhizosphere pH by 7.2 % in loamy sand soil texture compared with unstabilized AS. Similarly, only in the loamy sand texture, DMPP-stabilized AS increased Mn2+ availability and shoot concentration by 86 % and 47 %, respectively, relative to unstabilized AS. Furthermore, DMPP-treated AS and AN promoted P shoot concentration by 30 % and 21 % in the loamy sand and silt loam soil textures, respectively, relative to the corresponding N sources without DMPP. Conversely, DMPP did not impact the investigated variables in the sand texture for all N sources. Moreover, AN and AS increased biomass yield, Mn2+ availability, and shoot concentration by 72 %, 30 %, and 46 %, respectively, in relation to the CN fertilizer in the sand soil texture. In conclusion, this study confirmed the effectiveness of DMPP-induced rhizosphere acidification in enhancing Mn2+ and P shoot concentration in loamy sand soil textures, as well as P shoot concentration in fine-textured soil.
土壤 pH 值过高会导致 Mn2+ 和 P 缺乏，从而导致作物减产。因此，向土壤提供稳定或非稳定的 NH4+-N 肥料可增加土壤中 Mn2+ 的供应量和芽的浓度。有人提出硝化抑制剂（NIs）可以降低根瘤土壤的 pH 值，从而提高植物对 P 的吸收，防止高 pH 值土壤中 P 的缺乏。因此，本研究调查了硝化抑制剂稳定或未稳定的 NH4+-N 能否提高三种不同质地土壤（沙土、壤土和粉砂质壤土）中的 Mn2+ 供应量，并促进玉米中 Mn2+ 和 P 的芽浓度。进行了两项温室试验，研究施用含有或不含硝化抑制剂 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）的 NH4+-N 肥料与不同氮源（硝酸钙（CN）、硝酸铵（AN）和硫酸铵（AS））结合的效果。测量的变量包括土壤容重和根圈土壤 pH 值、Mn2+ 可利用性、玉米生物量以及 Mn2+ 和 P 的芽浓度。结果表明，与未经稳定化的 AS 相比，经 DMPP 稳定化的 AS 能显著降低壤质砂土的根瘤层 pH 值 7.2%。同样，仅在壤土质地中，DMPP 稳定的 AS 与未稳定的 AS 相比，Mn2+ 的可用性和芽浓度分别提高了 86% 和 47%。此外，相对于未添加 DMPP 的相应氮源，经 DMPP 处理的 AS 和 AN 能使壤土和粉砂质土壤中的钾芽浓度分别提高 30% 和 21%。相反，对于所有氮源，DMPP 对沙土质地中的调查变量没有影响。此外，在沙质土壤中，与 CN 肥料相比，AN 和 AS 可使生物量产量、Mn2+ 可利用性和嫩枝浓度分别提高 72%、30% 和 46%。总之，本研究证实了 DMPP 诱导的根圈酸化能有效提高壤质砂土中 Mn2+和 P 的芽浓度，以及细粒土壤中 P 的芽浓度。
{"title":"Nitrification inhibitor effect on manganese and phosphorus shoot concentrations in maize under different textured soils from northern Germany","authors":"Mathew Edung Etabo, Pablo Lacerda Ribeiro, Britta Pitann, Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High soil pH can result in Mn<sup>2+</sup> and P deficiency, leading to crop yield losses. Therefore, supplying soil with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N fertilizer in stabilized or unstabilized form can increase soil Mn<sup>2+</sup> availability and shoot concentration. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been proposed to lower rhizosphere soil pH, thus improving plant P uptake and preventing P deficiency in soils with high pH. Thus, this study investigated whether NI-stabilized or unstabilized NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N could increase Mn<sup>2+</sup> availability in three differently-textured soils (sand, loamy sand, and silt loam) and promote Mn<sup>2+</sup> and P shoot concentration in maize. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of applying NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N fertilizer with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) combined with different nitrogen (N) sources (calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), and ammonium sulphate (AS)). The measured variables were bulk and rhizosphere soil pH and Mn<sup>2+</sup> availability, maize biomass, as well as Mn<sup>2+</sup> and P shoot concentrations. The results indicated that DMPP-stabilized AS significantly decreased rhizosphere pH by 7.2 % in loamy sand soil texture compared with unstabilized AS. Similarly, only in the loamy sand texture, DMPP-stabilized AS increased Mn<sup>2+</sup> availability and shoot concentration by 86 % and 47 %, respectively, relative to unstabilized AS. Furthermore, DMPP-treated AS and AN promoted P shoot concentration by 30 % and 21 % in the loamy sand and silt loam soil textures, respectively, relative to the corresponding N sources without DMPP. Conversely, DMPP did not impact the investigated variables in the sand texture for all N sources. Moreover, AN and AS increased biomass yield, Mn<sup>2+</sup> availability, and shoot concentration by 72 %, 30 %, and 46 %, respectively, in relation to the CN fertilizer in the sand soil texture. In conclusion, this study confirmed the effectiveness of DMPP-induced rhizosphere acidification in enhancing Mn<sup>2+</sup> and P shoot concentration in loamy sand soil textures, as well as P shoot concentration in fine-textured soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00884
Vimlesh Chand , Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam , Md Yousuf Mia , Md Saiful Islam , Md Abdullah Al Masud , Rahat Khan , Subodh Chandra Pal , Sudhir Kumar Singh , Rozleen Roslyn Deo
Due to its ecological and public health implications, home gardening soil pollution is challenging. However, the physicochemical factors of trace element pollution in semi-urban-rural home gardening soil interfaces in Fiji are unclear. Self-organizing map (SOM), chemometrics, compositional data analysis (CDA), and soil quality indices were used to evaluate spatial patterns, contamination characteristics, sources, and factors affecting trace element contamination in 55 soil samples from semi-urban and rural Fiji. The average contents of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable forms of trace element levels (mg/kg) increased in rural areas as Fe (55.7) > Mn (40.4) > Zn (9.4) > Cu (5.9) and semi-urban areas as Fe (55.2) > Zn (35.9) > Mn (37.1) > Cu (16.1). Rural soils have less ecological risks to home gardening than semi-urban soils. SOM and CDA analysis showed four spatial clusters: clusters 1 and 3 are natural geogenic in rural regions while clusters 2 and 4 are human-induced non-point sources in semi-urban areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that semi-urban Cu-Zn was more affected by manufacturing emissions or fertilization, whereas rural Fe-Mn was more likely to be lithogenic. The research found that pH and organic matter significantly affect Cu and Zn pollution in semi-urban soils (p<0.05). For rural and semi-urban soils, trace element subsets explained 44 %–87 % of soil contamination changes using the stepwise regression model. These findings aid to establishing a primary database of eco-environmental risks and facilitate comprehensive strategies for assessing soil contamination and potential threats to food safety.
{"title":"Investigating soil physicochemical factors influencing trace element contamination at the semi-urban-rural home gardening interfaces on the Fiji Islands","authors":"Vimlesh Chand , Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam , Md Yousuf Mia , Md Saiful Islam , Md Abdullah Al Masud , Rahat Khan , Subodh Chandra Pal , Sudhir Kumar Singh , Rozleen Roslyn Deo","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its ecological and public health implications, home gardening soil pollution is challenging. However, the physicochemical factors of trace element pollution in semi-urban-rural home gardening soil interfaces in Fiji are unclear. Self-organizing map (SOM), chemometrics, compositional data analysis (CDA), and soil quality indices were used to evaluate spatial patterns, contamination characteristics, sources, and factors affecting trace element contamination in 55 soil samples from semi-urban and rural Fiji. The average contents of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable forms of trace element levels (mg/kg) increased in rural areas as Fe (55.7) > Mn (40.4) > Zn (9.4) > Cu (5.9) and semi-urban areas as Fe (55.2) > Zn (35.9) > Mn (37.1) > Cu (16.1). Rural soils have less ecological risks to home gardening than semi-urban soils. SOM and CDA analysis showed four spatial clusters: clusters 1 and 3 are natural geogenic in rural regions while clusters 2 and 4 are human-induced non-point sources in semi-urban areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that semi-urban Cu-Zn was more affected by manufacturing emissions or fertilization, whereas rural Fe-Mn was more likely to be lithogenic. The research found that pH and organic matter significantly affect Cu and Zn pollution in semi-urban soils (<em>p</em> <em><</em> <em>0.05</em>). For rural and semi-urban soils, trace element subsets explained 44 %–87 % of soil contamination changes using the stepwise regression model. These findings aid to establishing a primary database of eco-environmental risks and facilitate comprehensive strategies for assessing soil contamination and potential threats to food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00880
Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad , Adnan Mustafa , Jaroslav Kukla , Jan Frouz
Despite significant progress in studying soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) cycling in temperate forest soils, understanding of how bedrock lithology and tree species type influence these parameters remains tentative. To address this, we collected soil samples from three depth intervals and plant materials from two distinct tree species, beech, and lime, from sites within the Hyrcanian Forests (Iran) underlain by carbonate and intermediate volcanic bedrock. C and N elemental concentrations and their stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) were determined for bulk soil and four SOM fractions, including free particulate organic matter (FPOM), macroaggregates, microaggregates, silt + clay-sized fractions, as well as leaf litter and fine roots.
Results indicated that lithology and tree species had no significant relationship with SOC content and δ13C of various soil fractions. Along with their δ15N values, TN contents of bulk soil, FPOM, macro- and microaggregates covaried with tree species and lithology. Total N content in bulk soils underneath lime trees exceeded that found beneath beech trees (0.43 % vs. 0.36 %). In terms of N turnover, volcanic soils showed significantly higher mean 15N enrichment relative to that observed for carbonate soils. The C and N fluxes observed for different tree species and lithologies revealed a 13C and 15N enrichment trend in the following order: macroaggregates< microaggregates< silt and clay-sized particles. Our results showed that underlying lithology influences C and N dynamics in forest soils, and the analysis of the natural abundance of 13C and 15N provides detailed information on C and N cycling and stabilization pathways in soil aggregates. Our findings demonstrate the importance of lithology as a factor in nutrient cycle estimates for terrestrial ecosystems.
{"title":"Bedrock lithology and tree species type influence soil nitrogen dynamics in a temperate forest","authors":"Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad , Adnan Mustafa , Jaroslav Kukla , Jan Frouz","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant progress in studying soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) cycling in temperate forest soils, understanding of how bedrock lithology and tree species type influence these parameters remains tentative. To address this, we collected soil samples from three depth intervals and plant materials from two distinct tree species, beech, and lime, from sites within the Hyrcanian Forests (Iran) underlain by carbonate and intermediate volcanic bedrock. C and N elemental concentrations and their stable isotope compositions (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) were determined for bulk soil and four SOM fractions, including free particulate organic matter (FPOM), macroaggregates, microaggregates, silt + clay-sized fractions, as well as leaf litter and fine roots.</div><div>Results indicated that lithology and tree species had no significant relationship with SOC content and δ<sup>13</sup>C of various soil fractions. Along with their δ<sup>15</sup>N values, TN contents of bulk soil, FPOM, macro- and microaggregates covaried with tree species and lithology. Total N content in bulk soils underneath lime trees exceeded that found beneath beech trees (0.43 % vs. 0.36 %). In terms of N turnover, volcanic soils showed significantly higher mean <sup>15</sup>N enrichment relative to that observed for carbonate soils. The C and N fluxes observed for different tree species and lithologies revealed a <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N enrichment trend in the following order: macroaggregates< microaggregates< silt and clay-sized particles. Our results showed that underlying lithology influences C and N dynamics in forest soils, and the analysis of the natural abundance of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N provides detailed information on C and N cycling and stabilization pathways in soil aggregates. Our findings demonstrate the importance of lithology as a factor in nutrient cycle estimates for terrestrial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cover crop (CC) mixtures offer a unique set of advantages that can enhance soil health and agricultural productivity when compared to pure stand CC. However, a quantitative understanding of the varying contributions of different carbon (C) input pathways in CC mixtures is lacking. To address these gaps, a field experiment with multiple-pulse labelling with 13CO2 was used to quantify C-derived from CC mixtures via plant biomass, as well as via phyllo- and rhizodeposition. We assessed the impact of preceding main crops (barley, barley-pea, pea, and faba bean) on soil C input to 75 cm depth by two CC treatments (pure stand ryegrass versus a mixture of chicory, plantain, and ryegrass) and their effect on spontaneous flora (SF) biomass and diversity. In topsoil layers (0–25 cm), net C lost to soil via phyllo- and rhizodeposition was higher with mixed CC (30 g C m−2) than pure stand ryegrass (25 g C m−2). Between 25 and 75 cm, mixed CC and pure stand CC had similar C inputs via rhizodeposition despite larger root biomass in mixed CC. Cover crops reduced SF biomass and diversity, with mixed CC exerting the strongest suppressive effect, reducing biomass (individuals counted) by 57 % compared to the control. The improved efficiency of mixed CC was attributed to species complementarity in leaf and root patterns, resource utilization, and nutrient uptake. In conclusion, well-designed mixed CC had a greater positive impact on soil C inputs and suppression of SF compared to CC pure stand with ryegrass, resulting from complementary above and belowground traits.
与纯立地CC相比，混播CC具有一系列独特的优势，可提高土壤健康和农业生产力。然而，目前还缺乏对 CC 混合物中不同碳（C）输入途径的不同贡献的定量了解。为了弥补这些不足，我们利用 13CO2 多脉冲标记法进行了一项田间试验，以量化 CC 混合物中通过植物生物量以及通过叶片和根茎沉积获得的碳。我们评估了两种 CC 处理（纯黑麦草与菊苣、车前草和黑麦草混合物）对 75 厘米深度土壤碳输入的影响，以及它们对自发植物群（SF）生物量和多样性的影响。在表土层（0-25 厘米），混合 CC（30 克 C m-2）通过植物体和根茎沉积流失到土壤中的净碳量高于纯黑麦草（25 克 C m-2）。在 25 厘米到 75 厘米之间，混合 CC 和纯立地 CC 通过根瘤沉积的碳输入量相似，尽管混合 CC 的根生物量更大。覆盖作物减少了 SF 的生物量和多样性，其中混合 CC 的抑制作用最强，与对照组相比，生物量（计数个体）减少了 57%。混合 CC 效率的提高归因于物种在叶片和根系模式、资源利用和养分吸收方面的互补性。总之，与黑麦草纯CC相比，设计良好的混合CC对土壤碳输入和抑制SF有更大的积极影响，这是地上和地下性状互补的结果。
{"title":"Cover crop mixtures enhance belowground carbon input and suppression of spontaneous flora under Danish conditions","authors":"Juliana Trindade Martins , Nadja Fuglkjær Bloch , Kirsten Lønne Enggrob , Zhi Liang , Laura Sofie Harbo , Jim Rasmussen , Leanne Peixoto","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crop (CC) mixtures offer a unique set of advantages that can enhance soil health and agricultural productivity when compared to pure stand CC. However, a quantitative understanding of the varying contributions of different carbon (C) input pathways in CC mixtures is lacking. To address these gaps, a field experiment with multiple-pulse labelling with <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> was used to quantify C-derived from CC mixtures via plant biomass, as well as via phyllo- and rhizodeposition. We assessed the impact of preceding main crops (barley, barley-pea, pea, and faba bean) on soil C input to 75 cm depth by two CC treatments (pure stand ryegrass versus a mixture of chicory, plantain, and ryegrass) and their effect on spontaneous flora (SF) biomass and diversity. In topsoil layers (0–25 cm), net C lost to soil via phyllo- and rhizodeposition was higher with mixed CC (30 g C m<sup>−2</sup>) than pure stand ryegrass (25 g C m<sup>−2</sup>). Between 25 and 75 cm, mixed CC and pure stand CC had similar C inputs via rhizodeposition despite larger root biomass in mixed CC. Cover crops reduced SF biomass and diversity, with mixed CC exerting the strongest suppressive effect, reducing biomass (individuals counted) by 57 % compared to the control. The improved efficiency of mixed CC was attributed to species complementarity in leaf and root patterns, resource utilization, and nutrient uptake. In conclusion, well-designed mixed CC had a greater positive impact on soil C inputs and suppression of SF compared to CC pure stand with ryegrass, resulting from complementary above and belowground traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00878
Hao Phu Dong , Binh Thanh Nguyen , Anh Hoang Le , Gai Dai Dinh
Utilizing eco-friendly and cost-effective amendments, like biochar produced from agricultural biomass wastes offers numerous benefits for ameliorating acid-sulfate soils in coastal regions. This study investigates seasonal variation and rice husk and longan biochar's impacts on soil properties, quality, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and yield in acid-sulfate paddy fields during dry and rainy seasons. Five treatments (T) were tested: T1 (no biochar), T2 and T3 (10-tone and 20-tone rice-husk biochar ha−1), and T4 and T5 (10-tone and 20-tone longan biochar ha−1). Results showed that biochar improved soil properties with pH increasing by 3.2 % to 9.2 % and exchangeable Al decreasing by 7.7 % to 18.1 %, compared to T1, dependent on treatments and seasons. Soil quality index in biochar treatments increased by 30 %, 54 %, 26 %, and 16 % for T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, compared to T1 in the dry season. This season exhibited the highest grain weight (1.06 kg m−2) and total biomass (2.31 kg m−2) in T3, followed by T5, T2, T4, and T1. The rainy season benefits were less pronounced, likely due to leaching, suggesting more frequent applications may be necessary in high-rainfall regions. Liming effects and leaching in the rainy season were identified as primary mechanisms influencing soil quality and rice yield. Rice-husk biochar was more effective than longan biochar in mitigating soil constraints and enhancing rice yield. In short, biochar effectively ameliorates acid-sulfate soil constraints, improving rice yield and growth. However, rapidly diminishing effects during the rainy season necessitate further investigation for optimal application in high-rainfall regions.
{"title":"Seasonal variation-dependent biochar impacts on coastal acid-sulfate soil in paddy fields and the consequences on rice growth and yield","authors":"Hao Phu Dong , Binh Thanh Nguyen , Anh Hoang Le , Gai Dai Dinh","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing eco-friendly and cost-effective amendments, like biochar produced from agricultural biomass wastes offers numerous benefits for ameliorating acid-sulfate soils in coastal regions. This study investigates seasonal variation and rice husk and longan biochar's impacts on soil properties, quality, and rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) growth and yield in acid-sulfate paddy fields during dry and rainy seasons. Five treatments (T) were tested: T1 (no biochar), T2 and T3 (10-tone and 20-tone rice-husk biochar ha<sup>−1</sup>), and T4 and T5 (10-tone and 20-tone longan biochar ha<sup>−1</sup>). Results showed that biochar improved soil properties with pH increasing by 3.2 % to 9.2 % and exchangeable Al decreasing by 7.7 % to 18.1 %, compared to T1, dependent on treatments and seasons. Soil quality index in biochar treatments increased by 30 %, 54 %, 26 %, and 16 % for T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, compared to T1 in the dry season. This season exhibited the highest grain weight (1.06 kg m<sup>−2</sup>) and total biomass (2.31 kg m<sup>−2</sup>) in T3, followed by T5, T2, T4, and T1. The rainy season benefits were less pronounced, likely due to leaching, suggesting more frequent applications may be necessary in high-rainfall regions. Liming effects and leaching in the rainy season were identified as primary mechanisms influencing soil quality and rice yield. Rice-husk biochar was more effective than longan biochar in mitigating soil constraints and enhancing rice yield. In short, biochar effectively ameliorates acid-sulfate soil constraints, improving rice yield and growth. However, rapidly diminishing effects during the rainy season necessitate further investigation for optimal application in high-rainfall regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00876
Wesley dos Santos Souza , Stallone da Costa Soares , Bruno Grossi Costa Homem , Ítalo Braz Gonçalves de Lima , Lucas Peralta Carneiro Borges , Daniel Rume Casagrande , Claudia de Paula Rezende , José Marques Pereira , Erika Flávia Machado Pinheiro , Marcos Gervasio Pereira , Bruno José Rodrigues Alves , Segundo Urquiaga , Robert Michael Boddey
Grass-fed beef operations with well-managed pastures mixed with stoloniferous forage legumes are an alternative to increase animal productivity and sequester carbon (C) in the soil. However, using the same system, differences in response time and C sequestration may occur when established in different regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on C and nitrogen (N) stocks in the soil due to the implementation in the same year, of pasture systems with and without N fertilization or mixed with stoloniferous forage legumes in two regions under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The two experiments were established at the same time and carried out in two areas contrasting in soil type and edaphoclimatic features. The first area was in a transition between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biomes with a Ferralsol with a uniform clayey texture (Lavras site). The second area was in an Atlantic Forest biome with an Acrisol with low natural fertility and sandy texture (Itabela site). Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) fertilized or not with N or mixed with forage legumes for a shorter and longer times were evaluated. Soil samples were taken at the start of the study and after 8 and 15–38 years of grazing and analyzed for total C and N, 13C abundance and fractionation of soil organic matter. After the first eight years at Lavras, the soil indicated that C and N stocks were starting to increase under this management after a long period of plough tillage for maize production. The longer-term pastures (after 15 and 20 years of establishment) mixed with forage legume or fertilized with N, respectively, showed that C stocks recovered to their original status under the native vegetation at the Lavras site. At Itabela, the soil C and N stocks were similar to the stocks under the native vegetation even after 35 or 38 years of mixed pasture, but the stocks were far lower than at Lavras, which can be attributed to the much coarser soil texture. Pasture systems of similar productivity may promote the accumulation of very different C stocks depending on the land use history prior to their installation and soil clay content.
{"title":"Soil carbon sequestration under N fertilized or mixed legume-grass pastures depends on soil type and prior land-use","authors":"Wesley dos Santos Souza , Stallone da Costa Soares , Bruno Grossi Costa Homem , Ítalo Braz Gonçalves de Lima , Lucas Peralta Carneiro Borges , Daniel Rume Casagrande , Claudia de Paula Rezende , José Marques Pereira , Erika Flávia Machado Pinheiro , Marcos Gervasio Pereira , Bruno José Rodrigues Alves , Segundo Urquiaga , Robert Michael Boddey","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass-fed beef operations with well-managed pastures mixed with stoloniferous forage legumes are an alternative to increase animal productivity and sequester carbon (C) in the soil. However, using the same system, differences in response time and C sequestration may occur when established in different regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on C and nitrogen (N) stocks in the soil due to the implementation in the same year, of pasture systems with and without N fertilization or mixed with stoloniferous forage legumes in two regions under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The two experiments were established at the same time and carried out in two areas contrasting in soil type and edaphoclimatic features. The first area was in a transition between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biomes with a Ferralsol with a uniform clayey texture (Lavras site). The second area was in an Atlantic Forest biome with an Acrisol with low natural fertility and sandy texture (Itabela site). Marandu grass (<em>Urochloa brizantha</em> cv. Marandu) fertilized or not with N or mixed with forage legumes for a shorter and longer times were evaluated. Soil samples were taken at the start of the study and after 8 and 15–38 years of grazing and analyzed for total C and N, <sup>13</sup>C abundance and fractionation of soil organic matter. After the first eight years at Lavras, the soil indicated that C and N stocks were starting to increase under this management after a long period of plough tillage for maize production. The longer-term pastures (after 15 and 20 years of establishment) mixed with forage legume or fertilized with N, respectively, showed that C stocks recovered to their original status under the native vegetation at the Lavras site. At Itabela, the soil C and N stocks were similar to the stocks under the native vegetation even after 35 or 38 years of mixed pasture, but the stocks were far lower than at Lavras, which can be attributed to the much coarser soil texture. Pasture systems of similar productivity may promote the accumulation of very different C stocks depending on the land use history prior to their installation and soil clay content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00874
Daniel Žížala , Tomáš Princ , Jan Skála , Anna Juřicová , Vojtěch Lukas , Roman Bohovic , Tereza Zádorová , Robert Minařík
Optimisation of sampling design (methods chosen to select the samples) and sample size (number of samples) remains a key challenge in digital soil mapping, especially in the area of precision farming with the expected economic benefits from the introduction of new technologies. As the existing information is available in the form of relevant environmental covariates, its combination with non-parametric machine learning techniques requires careful planning from the initial field sampling to the final production of digital soil maps. The aim of this study is to compare widely used covariate-wise sampling designs combined with variable sample sizes for supervised prediction of common soil drivers of agricultural productivity (pH, soil organic carbon, soil macronutrients) in a real case study of a field (35 ha) with heterogeneous soil properties. From a total of 200 samples, we evaluated different sample sets where 10, 30 and 60 field samples were selected by conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling (cLHS) and Feature Space Coverage Sampling (FSCS) to calibrate random forest (RF) models. The evaluation was performed on independently in-situ sampled test points. In addition to these datasets, we also compared the investigated methods with Simple Random Sampling (SRS) in a numerical benchmark experiment with increasing sample size, comparing the global accuracies of the predicted maps on the test points, but using interpolated maps as the artificial true population for each soil characteristic. The results of the study in both the field experiment and the numerical experiment showed slightly better results for the FSCS method, especially when the number of samples was small. At smaller training sample sizes, the risk of insufficiently accurate prediction models was slightly lower for FSCS and the difference decreased as the sample size increased. Nevertheless, sample size proved to be the most important factor in the accuracy of RF models, regardless of the sampling technique. The results suggest that a sample size between 18 and 30 training samples (0.6 to 1 sample ha−1) seems plausible for covariate-wise predictions using RF at field scale in our case study. The relative importance of each auxiliary variable for each RF calibration was also assessed for the field experiment. The results showed that the additional introduction of spatial proxies overshadowed the importance of other covariates, but only significantly improved the model calibration at larger sample sizes. The calibrated models without spatial proxies showed the strongest effect of remotely sensed surface characteristics.
{"title":"Soil sampling design matters - Enhancing the efficiency of digital soil mapping at the field scale","authors":"Daniel Žížala , Tomáš Princ , Jan Skála , Anna Juřicová , Vojtěch Lukas , Roman Bohovic , Tereza Zádorová , Robert Minařík","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimisation of sampling design (methods chosen to select the samples) and sample size (number of samples) remains a key challenge in digital soil mapping, especially in the area of precision farming with the expected economic benefits from the introduction of new technologies. As the existing information is available in the form of relevant environmental covariates, its combination with non-parametric machine learning techniques requires careful planning from the initial field sampling to the final production of digital soil maps. The aim of this study is to compare widely used covariate-wise sampling designs combined with variable sample sizes for supervised prediction of common soil drivers of agricultural productivity (pH, soil organic carbon, soil macronutrients) in a real case study of a field (35 ha) with heterogeneous soil properties. From a total of 200 samples, we evaluated different sample sets where 10, 30 and 60 field samples were selected by conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling (cLHS) and Feature Space Coverage Sampling (FSCS) to calibrate random forest (RF) models. The evaluation was performed on independently in-situ sampled test points. In addition to these datasets, we also compared the investigated methods with Simple Random Sampling (SRS) in a numerical benchmark experiment with increasing sample size, comparing the global accuracies of the predicted maps on the test points, but using interpolated maps as the artificial true population for each soil characteristic. The results of the study in both the field experiment and the numerical experiment showed slightly better results for the FSCS method, especially when the number of samples was small. At smaller training sample sizes, the risk of insufficiently accurate prediction models was slightly lower for FSCS and the difference decreased as the sample size increased. Nevertheless, sample size proved to be the most important factor in the accuracy of RF models, regardless of the sampling technique. The results suggest that a sample size between 18 and 30 training samples (0.6 to 1 sample ha<sup>−1</sup>) seems plausible for covariate-wise predictions using RF at field scale in our case study. The relative importance of each auxiliary variable for each RF calibration was also assessed for the field experiment. The results showed that the additional introduction of spatial proxies overshadowed the importance of other covariates, but only significantly improved the model calibration at larger sample sizes. The calibrated models without spatial proxies showed the strongest effect of remotely sensed surface characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877
Asma Bengrid , Hana Bouzahouane , Fouzia Trea , Otmani Amira , Ali Becheker , Kheireddine Ouali
This study examines the biodiversity of earthworms in agroecosystems in the Annaba region of northeastern Algeria, focusing on the impact of agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions on these species. Seven earthworm species from the Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae families have been identified, of which five are new records for this region. Areas with intensive human activity exhibited a decrease in earthworm abundance and diversity, whereas areas with less intensive agricultural practices showed higher levels of earthworm diversity. Variations in soil properties related to land use and plant diversity were notable. Intensive agricultural practices resulted in altered soil characteristics, such as higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity, while organic amendments increased organic carbon and nutritional diversity. Essential nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, are crucial for earthworm vitality, while high levels of pH, salinity, and EC can reduce their populations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis supports these findings. In summary, agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions significantly influence earthworm populations, underscoring the need for sustainable methods to preserve underground biodiversity and ecosystem services.
{"title":"Influence of anthropogenic factors and soil properties on earthworm diversity in southern Mediterranean agroecosystems","authors":"Asma Bengrid , Hana Bouzahouane , Fouzia Trea , Otmani Amira , Ali Becheker , Kheireddine Ouali","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the biodiversity of earthworms in agroecosystems in the Annaba region of northeastern Algeria, focusing on the impact of agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions on these species. Seven earthworm species from the Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae families have been identified, of which five are new records for this region. Areas with intensive human activity exhibited a decrease in earthworm abundance and diversity, whereas areas with less intensive agricultural practices showed higher levels of earthworm diversity. Variations in soil properties related to land use and plant diversity were notable. Intensive agricultural practices resulted in altered soil characteristics, such as higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity, while organic amendments increased organic carbon and nutritional diversity. Essential nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, are crucial for earthworm vitality, while high levels of pH, salinity, and EC can reduce their populations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis supports these findings. In summary, agricultural practices and soil environmental conditions significantly influence earthworm populations, underscoring the need for sustainable methods to preserve underground biodiversity and ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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