Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01042
Róberson Machado Pimentel , Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca , Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares , Sílvio Nolasco de Oliveira Neto , Geraldo Fábio Viana Bayão , Rafael da Silva Teixeira , Igor Lima Bretas , Wesley dos Santos Souza , Rafael Gonçalves Tonucci , Bruno Grossi Costa Homem , Fernanda Helena Martins Chizzotti
Integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems is a strategy for removing atmospheric CO₂ emissions and enhancing the resilience of agricultural to climate change. This study assessed recovery of degraded areas through silvopastoral systems (SPS) and their monocultures on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks six years after establishment. The systems included: SPS with intrarow spacings of 2 or 4 m and an interrow spacing of 12 m; Eucalyptus spp. monoculture (3 × 3 m); renovated pasture monoculture; degraded pasture; and native vegetation. The total C and N stocks were calculated up to 100 cm and expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis, using native vegetation as the reference. Monoculture systems, whether renovated pasture (112.2 Mg C ha−1 and 7.9 Mg N ha−1) or Eucalyptus (101.3 Mg C ha−1 and 7.9 Mg N ha−1), did not restore soil C and N stocks to levels comparable with native vegetation (122.4 Mg C ha−1 and 10.0 Mg N ha−1). In contrast, the SPS (118.7 Mg C ha−1 and 9.3 Mg N ha−1) had greater C and N stocks than those in degraded pasture (104.8 Mg C ha−1 and 6.6 Mg N ha−1) and N stocks similar for the native vegetation. Moreover, SPS significantly increased C in particulate organic matter (POMC) and improved the C management index at 20–40 cm (CMI = 59) and 40–60 cm (CMI = 90) depths compared to degraded pasture (CMI = 23 and 28, respectively). These findings underscore the potential of SPS as a sustainable strategy for recovering degraded pastures and improving soil quality.
种植业-畜牧业-林业一体化系统是消除大气二氧化碳排放和增强农业对气候变化的适应能力的一项战略。本研究评估了森林生态系统（SPS）及其单一栽培对退化地区土壤碳(C)和氮(N)储量的恢复。系统包括：SPS，行距为2或4米，行距为12米；桉树属单一栽培（3 × 3 m）；牧草单作改造；退化草地;还有原生植被。以原生植被为参考，在100 cm处计算总碳氮储量，并以等效土壤质量为基础表示。单一栽培系统，无论是经过改造的牧场（112.2 Mg C ha - 1和7.9 Mg N ha - 1）还是桉树（101.3 Mg C ha - 1和7.9 Mg N ha - 1），都没有将土壤C和N储量恢复到与原生植被（122.4 Mg C ha - 1和10.0 Mg N ha - 1）相当的水平。相比之下，退化草地（118.7 Mg C ha−1和9.3 Mg N ha−1）的C和N储量高于退化草地（104.8 Mg C ha−1和6.6 Mg N ha−1），与原生植被相似。此外，与退化牧草（CMI分别为23和28）相比，SPS显著提高了20 ~ 40 cm （CMI = 59）和40 ~ 60 cm （CMI = 90）深度的颗粒有机质（POMC） C含量，提高了C管理指数。这些发现强调了SPS作为恢复退化牧场和改善土壤质量的可持续战略的潜力。
{"title":"Short-term effects of converting degraded pasture to silvopastoral systems on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Brazilian Oxisol","authors":"Róberson Machado Pimentel , Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca , Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares , Sílvio Nolasco de Oliveira Neto , Geraldo Fábio Viana Bayão , Rafael da Silva Teixeira , Igor Lima Bretas , Wesley dos Santos Souza , Rafael Gonçalves Tonucci , Bruno Grossi Costa Homem , Fernanda Helena Martins Chizzotti","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems is a strategy for removing atmospheric CO₂ emissions and enhancing the resilience of agricultural to climate change. This study assessed recovery of degraded areas through silvopastoral systems (SPS) and their monocultures on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks six years after establishment. The systems included: SPS with intrarow spacings of 2 or 4 m and an interrow spacing of 12 m; <em>Eucalyptus</em> spp. monoculture (3 × 3 m); renovated pasture monoculture; degraded pasture; and native vegetation. The total C and N stocks were calculated up to 100 cm and expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis, using native vegetation as the reference. Monoculture systems, whether renovated pasture (112.2 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> and 7.9 Mg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) or Eucalyptus (101.3 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> and 7.9 Mg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), did not restore soil C and N stocks to levels comparable with native vegetation (122.4 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> and 10.0 Mg N ha<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, the SPS (118.7 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> and 9.3 Mg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) had greater C and N stocks than those in degraded pasture (104.8 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> and 6.6 Mg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) and N stocks similar for the native vegetation. Moreover, SPS significantly increased C in particulate organic matter (POM<img>C) and improved the C management index at 20–40 cm (CMI = 59) and 40–60 cm (CMI = 90) depths compared to degraded pasture (CMI = 23 and 28, respectively). These findings underscore the potential of SPS as a sustainable strategy for recovering degraded pastures and improving soil quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the important role of soil organic matter (SOM) in the global carbon cycle and its potential feedbacks under fertilizer application, understanding how organic matter composition and molecular structure of humic substances responds to prolonged organic fertilization is of great scientific interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the transformation of humic composition in chernozem organic matter using Tyurin fractionation, alongside structural characterization of isolated humic acids by size-exclusion chromatograph and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SEC-PAGE) techniques, following a five-year application of organic fertilizers based on composted chicken manure. We found that the intensive formation of “young,” labile humic substances as first stage of humification occurred after the first year of manure compost application, accompanied by an increase in soil organic carbon. After five years of organic manure application, the organic matter fractions became more stabilized, as evidenced by an increase in mature humic fractions but accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of labile fractions. The increasing molecular complexity of chernozem humic acids after five years of manure compost application may be attributed to a higher content of stable low-molecular-weight molecules in compost, such as aromatic non-polar structures that strong absorb in ultraviolet. The most complex humic molecular structures were found from chernozem subjected to application of composted manure and husk, which contained a high abundance of condensed aromatic already formed humic structures. This molecular complexity may result from active hydrophobic humification, accompanied by the self-assembly of amphiphilic condensed aromatic structures into stable and complex hydrophobic humic supramolecular aggregates. These aggregates bind with calcium and subsequently with mineral clays, leading to the formation of mature humic fractions promote organic matter stabilization effect. We demonstrate the applicability of size-exclusion chromatograph and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionation techniques for evaluating the molecular complexity of humic structural organization in agricultural soil under organic fertilization by identifying low-molecular-weight humic fractions.
{"title":"Transformation of the qualitative composition of soil organic matter in podzolic chernozem under the application of composts","authors":"Yevhen Skrylnyk, Maxim Popirny, Аngela Kutova, Svitlana Krylach","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the important role of soil organic matter (SOM) in the global carbon cycle and its potential feedbacks under fertilizer application, understanding how organic matter composition and molecular structure of humic substances responds to prolonged organic fertilization is of great scientific interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the transformation of humic composition in chernozem organic matter using Tyurin fractionation, alongside structural characterization of isolated humic acids by size-exclusion chromatograph and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SEC-PAGE) techniques, following a five-year application of organic fertilizers based on composted chicken manure. We found that the intensive formation of “young,” labile humic substances as first stage of humification occurred after the first year of manure compost application, accompanied by an increase in soil organic carbon. After five years of organic manure application, the organic matter fractions became more stabilized, as evidenced by an increase in mature humic fractions but accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of labile fractions. The increasing molecular complexity of chernozem humic acids after five years of manure compost application may be attributed to a higher content of stable low-molecular-weight molecules in compost, such as aromatic non-polar structures that strong absorb in ultraviolet. The most complex humic molecular structures were found from chernozem subjected to application of composted manure and husk, which contained a high abundance of condensed aromatic already formed humic structures. This molecular complexity may result from active hydrophobic humification, accompanied by the self-assembly of amphiphilic condensed aromatic structures into stable and complex hydrophobic humic supramolecular aggregates. These aggregates bind with calcium and subsequently with mineral clays, leading to the formation of mature humic fractions promote organic matter stabilization effect. We demonstrate the applicability of size-exclusion chromatograph and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionation techniques for evaluating the molecular complexity of humic structural organization in agricultural soil under organic fertilization by identifying low-molecular-weight humic fractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01041
José V. Gaspareto , Thaís N. Pessoa , Talita R. Ferreira , Luiz F. Pires
Cohesive soils account for over 100,000 km2 of the Brazilian territory and support extensive agricultural areas, particularly in coastal regions. However, they present challenges for farming because they harden considerably when dry. Therefore, it is essential to study how the pore network of these soils changes during drying. This understanding is essential for promoting sustainable soil management and more efficient use of water resources. This study utilized X-ray microtomography (voxel size: 9.7 μm) to characterize the pore architecture of a cohesive Oxisol under Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, known for its high bulk density. The average imaged porosity was 11.16 % (n = 5), reflecting the soil's dense nature, with the average macroporosity (pores with an equivalent radius > 40 μm) accounting for 63.02 % of the total pore volume. The predominance of macropores contributes to a porous system with a predominant contribution from larger-diameter pores (volume > 10.0 mm3). Despite the low imaged porosity, the soil demonstrated low tortuosity and intermediate pore connectivity, suggesting effective potential pathways for water and gas flow in multiple directions. Pore shape analysis revealed a predominance of elongated pores (prolate and triaxial shapes), which may be associated with biological activity and the natural dynamics of soil matrix reorganization. Principal component analysis (PCA) further supported these findings, showing that the presence of larger pores contributed significantly to imaged porosity and structural complexity, while smaller pores primarily determined the total number of pores. These findings emphasize the importance of examining the micrometric scale pore architecture to understand the functionality of cohesive soils. They demonstrate that the high bulk density typical of cohesive soil horizons does not preclude the presence of a functionally relevant porous system, essential for soil hydrodynamics.
{"title":"Can cohesive soils still have functional pores? An analysis based on X-ray microtomography","authors":"José V. Gaspareto , Thaís N. Pessoa , Talita R. Ferreira , Luiz F. Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cohesive soils account for over 100,000 km<sup>2</sup> of the Brazilian territory and support extensive agricultural areas, particularly in coastal regions. However, they present challenges for farming because they harden considerably when dry. Therefore, it is essential to study how the pore network of these soils changes during drying. This understanding is essential for promoting sustainable soil management and more efficient use of water resources. This study utilized X-ray microtomography (voxel size: 9.7 μm) to characterize the pore architecture of a cohesive Oxisol under Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, known for its high bulk density. The average imaged porosity was 11.16 % (<em>n</em> = 5), reflecting the soil's dense nature, with the average macroporosity (pores with an equivalent radius > 40 μm) accounting for 63.02 % of the total pore volume. The predominance of macropores contributes to a porous system with a predominant contribution from larger-diameter pores (volume > 10.0 mm<sup>3</sup>). Despite the low imaged porosity, the soil demonstrated low tortuosity and intermediate pore connectivity, suggesting effective potential pathways for water and gas flow in multiple directions. Pore shape analysis revealed a predominance of elongated pores (prolate and triaxial shapes), which may be associated with biological activity and the natural dynamics of soil matrix reorganization. Principal component analysis (PCA) further supported these findings, showing that the presence of larger pores contributed significantly to imaged porosity and structural complexity, while smaller pores primarily determined the total number of pores. These findings emphasize the importance of examining the micrometric scale pore architecture to understand the functionality of cohesive soils. They demonstrate that the high bulk density typical of cohesive soil horizons does not preclude the presence of a functionally relevant porous system, essential for soil hydrodynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01038
Miyanda Chilipamushi , Claudia von Brömssen , Tino Colombi , Thomas Kätterer , Mats Larsbo
Previous research has shown the importance of oxalate-extractable aluminium (Alox) for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) contents across diverse geographical regions. However, studies using data from humid continental climates are scarce, and the data used in these studies have not been statistically representative for larger scales. Our study aimed to 1) evaluate the influence of soil physical and geochemical properties (specifically Alox), farm management, and climate on the spatial distribution and storage potential of SOC in Swedish agricultural soils and 2) to assess whether estimates of aggregation, assumed to influence the protection of soil organic matter, could improve predictions. We analyzed a statistically representative subset of mineral soils with pH < 7 from the Swedish soil and crop monitoring program, which covers the country's agricultural land. We identified the most important predictors for topsoil SOC contents using a random forest model. We employed partial dependence plots to visualize and interpret the interactions between key variables and SOC contents. Results showed that Alox was the most important predictor for SOC contents, as evidenced by its high relative importance score and the increased out-of-bag error when removed from the model. Notably, SOC content reached a plateau at Alox contents of about 3.5 g kg−1, suggesting the possibility of SOC under-saturation. Climatic variables were of secondary importance, while farm management did not emerge as a significant predictor. Surprisingly, silt-sized aggregation was not identified as an important variable for predicting SOC content. Our findings emphasize the importance of incorporating geochemical properties, particularly Alox, in addition to soil texture, in predictive modelling and monitoring efforts for enhanced soil carbon management in humid climates.
以往的研究表明，草酸可萃取铝（Alox）在预测不同地理区域土壤有机碳（SOC）含量方面具有重要意义。然而，使用湿润大陆气候数据的研究很少，这些研究中使用的数据在更大尺度上没有统计学代表性。我们的研究旨在1)评估土壤物理和地球化学性质（特别是Alox）、农场管理和气候对瑞典农业土壤有机碳空间分布和储存潜力的影响；2)评估假设影响土壤有机质保护的聚集估算是否可以改进预测。我们分析了瑞典土壤和作物监测计划中pH值为<； 7的矿质土壤的统计代表性子集，该计划涵盖了该国的农业用地。我们利用随机森林模型确定了表层土壤有机碳含量的最重要预测因子。我们采用部分相关图来可视化和解释关键变量与有机碳含量之间的相互作用。结果表明，Alox是土壤有机碳含量最重要的预测因子，其相对重要性评分较高，且从模型中剔除后袋外误差增加。值得注意的是，在Alox含量约为3.5 g kg - 1时，有机碳含量达到平台，表明有机碳可能处于欠饱和状态。气候变量是次要的，而农场管理并没有成为一个重要的预测因素。令人惊讶的是，粉砂大小的聚集并没有被认为是预测有机碳含量的重要变量。我们的研究结果强调了在预测建模和监测工作中，除了土壤质地外，结合地球化学特性，特别是Alox的重要性，以加强潮湿气候下的土壤碳管理。
{"title":"Oxalate-extractable aluminium is a key predictor of organic carbon content in Swedish agricultural topsoils","authors":"Miyanda Chilipamushi , Claudia von Brömssen , Tino Colombi , Thomas Kätterer , Mats Larsbo","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has shown the importance of oxalate-extractable aluminium (Alox) for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) contents across diverse geographical regions. However, studies using data from humid continental climates are scarce, and the data used in these studies have not been statistically representative for larger scales. Our study aimed to 1) evaluate the influence of soil physical and geochemical properties (specifically Alox), farm management, and climate on the spatial distribution and storage potential of SOC in Swedish agricultural soils and 2) to assess whether estimates of aggregation, assumed to influence the protection of soil organic matter, could improve predictions. We analyzed a statistically representative subset of mineral soils with pH < 7 from the Swedish soil and crop monitoring program, which covers the country's agricultural land. We identified the most important predictors for topsoil SOC contents using a random forest model. We employed partial dependence plots to visualize and interpret the interactions between key variables and SOC contents. Results showed that Alox was the most important predictor for SOC contents, as evidenced by its high relative importance score and the increased out-of-bag error when removed from the model. Notably, SOC content reached a plateau at Alox contents of about 3.5 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting the possibility of SOC under-saturation. Climatic variables were of secondary importance, while farm management did not emerge as a significant predictor. Surprisingly, silt-sized aggregation was not identified as an important variable for predicting SOC content. Our findings emphasize the importance of incorporating geochemical properties, particularly Alox, in addition to soil texture, in predictive modelling and monitoring efforts for enhanced soil carbon management in humid climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01040
Igor Alexandre de Souza , Dorotéo de Abreu , Alceu Linares Pádua Junior , Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva , Bruno Montoani Silva
Intensified agricultural production frequently has a negative impact on soil physical-hydric properties, contributing significantly to soil degradation in the Brazilian Cerrado. The objective of this study was to assess the soil physical-hydric environment within a consolidated no-tillage system with at least 21 years of implementation. Three soil profiles were studied in representative locations of the 110 ha, with disturbed and undisturbed soil samples taken to represent the A, BA, and Bw1 horizons. The morphological description of the soil profiles was first performed, followed by analyses of soil granulometry, bulk density, soil particle density, and least limiting water range (LLWR) models for the entire area and profile of each horizon. The soils of the three profiles were classified as Dystrophic Yellow Latosol and had a sandy clay loam texture. The soil particle density ranged from 2.52 to 2.61 Mg m−3, and the bulk density average was 1.04 Mg m−3. The LLWR for the entire area showed field capacity and wilting point values of 0.26 and 0.22 m3 m−3, respectively, which were indicators of soil degradation in the A horizon. According to LLWR models, soil bulk density levels above 1.24 Mg m−3 impose physical constraints on plant development, with values above 1.31 Mg m−3 indicating more severe limitations. These findings highlight the effectiveness of LLWR in monitoring soil physical and water quality, and the penetration resistance becomes the main factor regardless of water content and aeration porosity.
{"title":"Readily available water supply across soil variability in a center-pivot irrigated soybean field using the least limiting water range approach","authors":"Igor Alexandre de Souza , Dorotéo de Abreu , Alceu Linares Pádua Junior , Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva , Bruno Montoani Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensified agricultural production frequently has a negative impact on soil physical-hydric properties, contributing significantly to soil degradation in the Brazilian Cerrado. The objective of this study was to assess the soil physical-hydric environment within a consolidated no-tillage system with at least 21 years of implementation. Three soil profiles were studied in representative locations of the 110 ha, with disturbed and undisturbed soil samples taken to represent the A, BA, and Bw1 horizons. The morphological description of the soil profiles was first performed, followed by analyses of soil granulometry, bulk density, soil particle density, and least limiting water range (LLWR) models for the entire area and profile of each horizon. The soils of the three profiles were classified as Dystrophic Yellow Latosol and had a sandy clay loam texture. The soil particle density ranged from 2.52 to 2.61 Mg m<sup>−3</sup>, and the bulk density average was 1.04 Mg m<sup>−3</sup>. The LLWR for the entire area showed field capacity and wilting point values of 0.26 and 0.22 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively, which were indicators of soil degradation in the A horizon. According to LLWR models, soil bulk density levels above 1.24 Mg m<sup>−3</sup> impose physical constraints on plant development, with values above 1.31 Mg m<sup>−3</sup> indicating more severe limitations. These findings highlight the effectiveness of LLWR in monitoring soil physical and water quality, and the penetration resistance becomes the main factor regardless of water content and aeration porosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01039
Mohamed Emran , Andoni Alfaro-Leranoz , Clara Martí-Dalmau, David Badía-Villas
The removal of shrub cover invading subalpine pastures in the southern Pyrenees is increasingly carried out by prescribed burning (PB). This study assesses the impact of PB on topsoil components utilizing glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) fractions and associated soil properties as indicators. Three fractions were analyzed: easily extractable (EE-GRSP), moderately extractable (ME-GRSP), and difficultly extractable (DE-GRSP), together with their organic carbon content (C-GRSP). Soil samples were collected at 0–1, 1–2, and 2–3 cm depth across a fire chronosequence: unburned (UB), immediately after PB (B0), and 6- and 10-year post-burn.
Total C-GRSP declined sharply after PB (8.44 g kg−1 in UB to 5.95 g kg−1 in B0) and continued decreasing at 6 and 10 years (3.54 g kg−1 and 2.24 g kg−1, respectively), reflecting long-term sensitivity to the disturbance that PB represents. EE-GRSP and DE-GRSP followed similar trends, with EE-GRSP showing the strongest reduction, suggesting higher sensitivity to vegetation cover loss and microbial disruption. The EE-GRSP/TGRSP ratio dropped after burning but partially recovered after 10 years, indicating gradual reactivation of glomalin production. Although concentrations decreased with soil depth, differences among the 0–3 cm layers were not significant under fire effects.
All GRSP fractions were strongly and positively correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and glucosidase activity. These findings highlight GRSP fractions and ratios as sensitive indicators of soil biochemical responses and recovery following low-severity PB. The results highlight the impact of fire on organic matter of microbial origin and the value of GRSP for monitoring soil resilience over time in ecosystems managed by fire.
在比利牛斯山脉南部，入侵亚高山牧场的灌木覆盖物越来越多地通过规定燃烧（PB）进行清除。本研究利用球囊素相关土壤蛋白（GRSP）组分和相关土壤性质作为指标，评估了铅对表土组分的影响。分析易提取（EE-GRSP）、中度可提取（ME-GRSP）和难提取（DE-GRSP）三个馏分及其有机碳含量（C-GRSP）。在0- 1,1 - 2和2-3 cm深度采集土壤样本，按照火灾时间顺序：未燃烧（UB）， PB后立即（B0），以及燃烧后6年和10年。总C-GRSP在PB后急剧下降（UB为8.44 g kg - 1， B0为5.95 g kg - 1），并在6年和10年继续下降（分别为3.54 g kg - 1和2.24 g kg - 1），反映了PB所代表的干扰的长期敏感性。e - grsp和DE-GRSP的变化趋势相似，其中e - grsp的变化幅度最大，说明e - grsp对植被覆盖损失和微生物破坏的敏感性更高。EE-GRSP/TGRSP比值在燃烧后下降，但在10年后部分恢复，表明血管球蛋白生成逐渐恢复。虽然浓度随土壤深度的增加而降低，但在火灾作用下，0 ~ 3 cm层间差异不显著。GRSP各组分与有机碳、总氮、微生物生物量、基础呼吸和葡萄糖苷酶活性呈显著正相关。这些结果表明，GRSP组分和比例是低强度PB后土壤生化响应和恢复的敏感指标。研究结果强调了火灾对微生物来源有机质的影响，以及GRSP在火灾管理生态系统中监测土壤恢复力的价值。
{"title":"Glomalin-related soil protein as an indicator of changes generated by prescribed burning of scrubland in the Central Pyrenees: A ten-year study","authors":"Mohamed Emran , Andoni Alfaro-Leranoz , Clara Martí-Dalmau, David Badía-Villas","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of shrub cover invading subalpine pastures in the southern Pyrenees is increasingly carried out by prescribed burning (PB). This study assesses the impact of PB on topsoil components utilizing glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) fractions and associated soil properties as indicators. Three fractions were analyzed: easily extractable (EE-GRSP), moderately extractable (ME-GRSP), and difficultly extractable (DE-GRSP), together with their organic carbon content (C-GRSP). Soil samples were collected at 0–1, 1–2, and 2–3 cm depth across a fire chronosequence: unburned (UB), immediately after PB (B0), and 6- and 10-year post-burn.</div><div>Total C-GRSP declined sharply after PB (8.44 g kg<sup>−1</sup> in UB to 5.95 g kg<sup>−1</sup> in B0) and continued decreasing at 6 and 10 years (3.54 g kg<sup>−1</sup> and 2.24 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), reflecting long-term sensitivity to the disturbance that PB represents. EE-GRSP and DE-GRSP followed similar trends, with EE-GRSP showing the strongest reduction, suggesting higher sensitivity to vegetation cover loss and microbial disruption. The EE-GRSP/TGRSP ratio dropped after burning but partially recovered after 10 years, indicating gradual reactivation of glomalin production. Although concentrations decreased with soil depth, differences among the 0–3 cm layers were not significant under fire effects.</div><div>All GRSP fractions were strongly and positively correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and glucosidase activity. These findings highlight GRSP fractions and ratios as sensitive indicators of soil biochemical responses and recovery following low-severity PB. The results highlight the impact of fire on organic matter of microbial origin and the value of GRSP for monitoring soil resilience over time in ecosystems managed by fire.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01035
Georgina Pérez-Rodríguez , Carlos Alberto Ortiz-Solorio , Ma. del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castorena , Atenógenes Leobardo Licona-Vargas , Javier Leonardo Toxqui-Roldan , Víctor Manuel Ordaz-Chaparro
Soil security assessment has been carried out on a regional or global scale using five dimensions that are difficult to assess due to lack of data, especially for connectivity. In contrast, ethnopedological studies are based on local knowledge of the soil and the value they place on their land, but their application is at the local level. The integration of these methodologies can overcome current limitations in data collection and in bridging scales and promote a more holistic approach to soil security assessment.
The objective of this research is to evaluate the soil security using an ethnopedological approach in a region of state-level agricultural significance in Mexico. The study employs an ethnopedological approach, encompassing five primary dimensions and proposing 17 sub-dimensions. The findings suggest that farmers contributed 60 % of the data, with the remaining 40 % comprising a blend of technical information and local soil knowledge, signifying a process of knowledge integration. The utilization of local soil knowledge facilitates not only the assessment of connectivity but also the determination of parameters for evaluating capacity, condition, capital, and codification. Furthermore, this approach yielded detailed maps for each of the dimensions, sub-dimensions, and levels of soil security for the five soil classes. The information can be beneficial for assessing soil security at the local level within the framework of small-scale farming, especially in countries with traditional knowledge and land management practices. In addition, it has the potential to play a key role in the formulation of public policy, particularly at the municipal level. This is due to its ability to enhance comprehension of the socio-cultural, and environmental dynamics of local areas.
{"title":"Soil security assessment based on ethnopedological studies","authors":"Georgina Pérez-Rodríguez , Carlos Alberto Ortiz-Solorio , Ma. del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castorena , Atenógenes Leobardo Licona-Vargas , Javier Leonardo Toxqui-Roldan , Víctor Manuel Ordaz-Chaparro","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil security assessment has been carried out on a regional or global scale using five dimensions that are difficult to assess due to lack of data, especially for connectivity. In contrast, ethnopedological studies are based on local knowledge of the soil and the value they place on their land, but their application is at the local level. The integration of these methodologies can overcome current limitations in data collection and in bridging scales and promote a more holistic approach to soil security assessment.</div><div>The objective of this research is to evaluate the soil security using an ethnopedological approach in a region of state-level agricultural significance in Mexico. The study employs an ethnopedological approach, encompassing five primary dimensions and proposing 17 sub-dimensions. The findings suggest that farmers contributed 60 % of the data, with the remaining 40 % comprising a blend of technical information and local soil knowledge, signifying a process of knowledge integration. The utilization of local soil knowledge facilitates not only the assessment of connectivity but also the determination of parameters for evaluating capacity, condition, capital, and codification. Furthermore, this approach yielded detailed maps for each of the dimensions, sub-dimensions, and levels of soil security for the five soil classes. The information can be beneficial for assessing soil security at the local level within the framework of small-scale farming, especially in countries with traditional knowledge and land management practices. In addition, it has the potential to play a key role in the formulation of public policy, particularly at the municipal level. This is due to its ability to enhance comprehension of the socio-cultural, and environmental dynamics of local areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01037
Hideaki Yasuno, Han Lyu, Haruo Tanaka, Soh Sugihara
Managing post-harvest crop residues is key to maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) for achieving sustainable agriculture and mitigating climate change. However, how historical land management and residue quality affect residue-derived carbon (C) accumulation and pattern through aggregate formation and stabilization remains unclear, especially in Andosols. We conducted a 450-day in-situ incubation experiment using 13C-labeled maize residues (leaf: C/N = 15; root: C/N = 30) at historical managed cropland (Andosols) in Tokyo, Japan, under three land managements—manure (M), chemical fertilizer (Cf), and no fertilizer (Nf). Soil samples collected at 20, 60, 120, and 450 days were fractionated into macroaggregates (>250 μm), microaggregates (53–250 μm), and the silt+clay fraction (<53 μm) and analyzed. After 450 days, the remaining proportions of residue-derived C were 23 % (leaf) and 29 % (root), with no significant differences among land managements. However, decomposition rates at 450 days estimated by two-pool first-order model were significantly lower in M (0.37 mg C kg−1 day−1) than in Cf (0.60), indicating that manure application affected the accumulation pattern of residue-derived C. Because the macroaggregate mass proportion was higher in M (82 %) than in Cf (70 %), historical manure application should promote the macroaggregate formation and enhance the physical protection of residue-derived C, resulting in higher residue-derived C in macroaggregates at 450 days in M (0.38 g C kg−1) than in Cf (0.29). Overall, historical manure application caused the different accumulation pattern of residue-derived C especially at later period via macro-aggregation in Andosols, Japan.
管理收获后作物残茬是维持土壤有机碳（SOC）以实现可持续农业和减缓气候变化的关键。然而，历史上的土地管理和残留物质量如何通过聚集体的形成和稳定影响残留物衍生的碳(C)积累和模式尚不清楚，特别是在安多索尔。我们在日本东京的历史管理农田（Andosols）进行了为期450天的原位培养实验，使用13c标记的玉米残留物（叶片：C/N = 15；根部：C/N = 30），采用三种土地管理方式——粪肥(M)、化肥（Cf）和不施肥（Nf）。在20、60、120和450天采集的土壤样品被分成大团聚体（>250 μm）、微团聚体（53 - 250 μm）和粉土+粘土组分（<53 μm）并进行分析。450 d后，残馀碳的剩余比例分别为23%（叶片）和29%（根），不同土地管理方式间差异不显著。然而，两池一级模型估算的450 d分解率在M （0.37 mg C kg - 1 day - 1）显著低于Cf(0.60)，表明施用粪肥影响了残源碳的积累模式。由于M的大团聚体质量比例（82%）高于Cf(70%)，历史施用粪肥应促进大团聚体的形成，增强残源碳的物理保护。结果表明，在M中，450天大团聚体中残留衍生的碳含量（0.38 g C kg - 1）高于Cf（0.29）。总体而言，历史施肥导致日本安多索尔地区残馀源碳的累积模式不同，尤其是后期的宏观聚集。
{"title":"Historical manure application affects accumulation pattern of residue-derived carbon via promoting macro-aggregation in Andosols, Japan","authors":"Hideaki Yasuno, Han Lyu, Haruo Tanaka, Soh Sugihara","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing post-harvest crop residues is key to maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) for achieving sustainable agriculture and mitigating climate change. However, how historical land management and residue quality affect residue-derived carbon (C) accumulation and pattern through aggregate formation and stabilization remains unclear, especially in Andosols. We conducted a 450-day <em>in-situ</em> incubation experiment using <sup>13</sup>C-labeled maize residues (leaf: C/<em>N</em> = 15; root: C/<em>N</em> = 30) at historical managed cropland (Andosols) in Tokyo, Japan, under three land managements—manure (M), chemical fertilizer (Cf), and no fertilizer (Nf). Soil samples collected at 20, 60, 120, and 450 days were fractionated into macroaggregates (>250 μm), microaggregates (53–250 μm), and the silt+clay fraction (<53 μm) and analyzed. After 450 days, the remaining proportions of residue-derived C were 23 % (leaf) and 29 % (root), with no significant differences among land managements. However, decomposition rates at 450 days estimated by two-pool first-order model were significantly lower in M (0.37 mg C kg<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) than in Cf (0.60), indicating that manure application affected the accumulation pattern of residue-derived C. Because the macroaggregate mass proportion was higher in M (82 %) than in Cf (70 %), historical manure application should promote the macroaggregate formation and enhance the physical protection of residue-derived C, resulting in higher residue-derived C in macroaggregates at 450 days in M (0.38 g C kg<sup>−1</sup>) than in Cf (0.29). Overall, historical manure application caused the different accumulation pattern of residue-derived C especially at later period via macro-aggregation in Andosols, Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01022
Omosalewa Odebiri , Onisimo Mutanga , John Odindi , Rob Slotow , Paramu Mafongoya , Romano Lottering , Rowan Naicker , Trylee Nyasha Matongera , Mthembeni Mngadi
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are critical for land management strategies and climate change mitigation. However, understanding SOC distribution in South Africa's arid and semi-arid regions remains a challenge due to data limitations, and the complex spatial and sub-surface variability in SOC stocks driven by desertification and land degradation. To support soil and land-use management practices, as well as advance climate change mitigation efforts, there is an urgent need to provide more precise SOC stock estimates within South Africa's arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, this study adopted remote-sensing approaches to determine the spatial sub-surface distribution of SOC stocks and the influence of environmental co-variates at four soil depths (i.e., 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm, and 100-200 cm). Using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF) regression-based algorithms, the study found the former (RMSE values ranging from 10.50 t/ha to 16.60 t/ha) to be a superior model of SOC than the latter (RMSE values ranging from 10.83 t/ha to 18.25 t/ha). Thereafter, using a variable importance analysis, the study demonstrated the influence of topo-climatic and soil texture on SOC stocks at different depths. The study further demonstrated that the top 100 cm of the soil profile contained more than 70 % of the total SOC stocks, with the topsoil (0–30 cm) accounting for 34 % of the total SOC. The models exhibited a general decreasing trend in SOC stocks across the first three soil depth intervals. Additionally, the study revealed substantial spatial variability in SOC stocks, with greater accumulation in the topsoil observed in central and northern regions, while deeper SOC storage was more pronounced in the eastern parts of the study area. Overall, these findings enhance the understanding of SOC dynamics in South Africa's arid and semi-arid landscapes and emphasizes the importance of considering site specific topo-climatic characteristics for sustainable land management and climate change mitigation.
{"title":"Mapping sub-surface distribution of soil organic carbon stocks in South Africa's arid and semi-arid landscapes: Implications for land management and climate change mitigation","authors":"Omosalewa Odebiri , Onisimo Mutanga , John Odindi , Rob Slotow , Paramu Mafongoya , Romano Lottering , Rowan Naicker , Trylee Nyasha Matongera , Mthembeni Mngadi","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are critical for land management strategies and climate change mitigation. However, understanding SOC distribution in South Africa's arid and semi-arid regions remains a challenge due to data limitations, and the complex spatial and sub-surface variability in SOC stocks driven by desertification and land degradation. To support soil and land-use management practices, as well as advance climate change mitigation efforts, there is an urgent need to provide more precise SOC stock estimates within South Africa's arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, this study adopted remote-sensing approaches to determine the spatial sub-surface distribution of SOC stocks and the influence of environmental co-variates at four soil depths (i.e., 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm, and 100-200 cm). Using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF) regression-based algorithms, the study found the former (RMSE values ranging from 10.50 t/ha to 16.60 t/ha) to be a superior model of SOC than the latter (RMSE values ranging from 10.83 t/ha to 18.25 t/ha). Thereafter, using a variable importance analysis, the study demonstrated the influence of topo-climatic and soil texture on SOC stocks at different depths. The study further demonstrated that the top 100 cm of the soil profile contained more than 70 % of the total SOC stocks, with the topsoil (0–30 cm) accounting for 34 % of the total SOC. The models exhibited a general decreasing trend in SOC stocks across the first three soil depth intervals. Additionally, the study revealed substantial spatial variability in SOC stocks, with greater accumulation in the topsoil observed in central and northern regions, while deeper SOC storage was more pronounced in the eastern parts of the study area. Overall, these findings enhance the understanding of SOC dynamics in South Africa's arid and semi-arid landscapes and emphasizes the importance of considering site specific topo-climatic characteristics for sustainable land management and climate change mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01032
Araya Kahsay, Selama Gebreslassie Yebyo, Yohannes Gerezihier Gebremedhin
Soil erosion is one of the major degradation processes posing far-reaching threats to production sustainability and food security, associated with its marked contribution to soil quality degradation. There have been substantial studies on nutrient losses by erosion in Ethiopia, but rarely have the redistribution/deposition process been considered. In this study, we compared soil and nutrient loss of shrublands, grasslands and croplands to examine their sensitivity to erosion and deposition and land use managements. Quantification of soil erosion and deposition was achieved through Unit Stream Power Soil Erosion and Deposition model. Furthermore, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) concentrations of the three land use managements were measured and analyzed to 30 cm depth. The results exhibited that soil and nutrient loss and their associated cost were heavily explained by variations in land use management. The magnitude of soil eroded far exceeded that of deposited in croplands and grasslands, while it was almost comparable to deposition rate in shrublands. Nutrient stocks in shrublands were higher than those in grasslands and croplands. Land use contributions to nutrient loss showed the orders of grasslands (4.22 Gg) > croplands (3.91 Gg) > shrublands (0.71 Gg). Out of the total nutrients transported by erosion (i.e. 16.78 Gg), ca. 47.47 % (7.96 Gg) is left redistributed within the area through deposition, with the remaining 8.81 Gg (52.53 %) leaving the area. Nutrient loss due erosion is causing to an average annual economic loss of about 7.95 million US$, > 90 % of which is contributed by grasslands and croplands, while that shared by shrublands was relatively small. Results implied the importance to consider erosion and deposition processes while assessing soil and nutrient depletion to precisely assess economic implications of erosion. Grasslands and croplands are more prone to erosion than shrublands, emphasizing the need to consider for improved cultivation and grazing managements to monitor soil quality degradation induced through erosion.
{"title":"Response of soil nutrient losses to erosion-deposition processes and land use managements: A case study in southeastern Tigray of northern Ethiopia","authors":"Araya Kahsay, Selama Gebreslassie Yebyo, Yohannes Gerezihier Gebremedhin","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion is one of the major degradation processes posing far-reaching threats to production sustainability and food security, associated with its marked contribution to soil quality degradation. There have been substantial studies on nutrient losses by erosion in Ethiopia, but rarely have the redistribution/deposition process been considered. In this study, we compared soil and nutrient loss of shrublands, grasslands and croplands to examine their sensitivity to erosion and deposition and land use managements. Quantification of soil erosion and deposition was achieved through Unit Stream Power Soil Erosion and Deposition model. Furthermore, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) concentrations of the three land use managements were measured and analyzed to 30 cm depth. The results exhibited that soil and nutrient loss and their associated cost were heavily explained by variations in land use management. The magnitude of soil eroded far exceeded that of deposited in croplands and grasslands, while it was almost comparable to deposition rate in shrublands. Nutrient stocks in shrublands were higher than those in grasslands and croplands. Land use contributions to nutrient loss showed the orders of grasslands (4.22 Gg) > croplands (3.91 Gg) > shrublands (0.71 Gg). Out of the total nutrients transported by erosion (i.e. 16.78 Gg), ca. 47.47 % (7.96 Gg) is left redistributed within the area through deposition, with the remaining 8.81 Gg (52.53 %) leaving the area. Nutrient loss due erosion is causing to an average annual economic loss of about 7.95 million US$, > 90 % of which is contributed by grasslands and croplands, while that shared by shrublands was relatively small. Results implied the importance to consider erosion and deposition processes while assessing soil and nutrient depletion to precisely assess economic implications of erosion. Grasslands and croplands are more prone to erosion than shrublands, emphasizing the need to consider for improved cultivation and grazing managements to monitor soil quality degradation induced through erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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