A. Ernst, A. Claussen, Barbara Seuss, P. N. Wyse Jackson
{"title":"Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA","authors":"A. Ernst, A. Claussen, Barbara Seuss, P. N. Wyse Jackson","doi":"10.26879/1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Peterson, D. Lovelace, Melissa V. Connely, J. Mchugh
Dental complexes of sauropod dinosaurs have been studied in members of Diplodocoidea and Macronaria. However, the disparity among the number of replacement teeth between the premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary of apatosaurine sauropods has yet to be fully investigated. TATE-099, a nearly complete and associated apatosaurine skull and dental complexes from the upper Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) at Como Bluff, Wyoming, contains cranial characters consistent with Apatosaurus sp. Unerupted dental complexes of the right premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary were imaged and digitally reconstructed using computed tomography (CT). Results indicate four premaxillary alveolar positions each with 5–7 unerupted replacement teeth, 10 maxillary alveolar positions each with 3–5 unerupted replacement teeth, and 10 dentary alveolar positions each with only 1–2 unerupted replacement teeth. The capacity of replacement teeth in TATE-099 is higher than reported in the genus Diplodocus and consistent with data from previous studies on niche partitioning among coeval Morrison Formation sauropods. Disparity among the capacity of dental complexes of TATE-099 further suggests novel feeding mechanics in apatosaurines. CT data also support a new hypothesis of tooth replacement in diplodocids, where entire rows of teeth are replaced as a single unit, rather than individually. The high-capacity of replacement teeth in the premaxilla is only known to be succeeded by one taxon (Nigersaurus) and suggests frequent wear of the premaxillary teeth. However, considerably fewer replacement teeth in the dentary of TATE-099 suggests less-frequent. These results offer insight into the feeding mechanisms and disparity of sauropods within Flagellicaudata. Joseph E. Peterson. University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Department of Geology, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54901, USA. petersoj@uwosh.edu (corresponding author) David Lovelace. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Geology Museum, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA. dlovelace@wisc.edu PETERSON ET AL.: APATOSAURINE FEEDING MECHANISM 2 Melissa Connely. Stratigraphic rex LLC, Casper, Wyoming 82604, USA. melconn45@gmail.com Julia B. McHugh. Museums of Western Colorado, Grand Junction, Colorado, 81502, USA and Colorado Mesa University, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Grand Junction, Colorado, 81502, USA. jmchugh@westcomuseum.org
蜥脚类恐龙的牙齿复合体已经在梁龙科和巨龙目中进行了研究。然而，对于迷惑龙的前颌、上颌骨和近牙之间的替换牙数量差异，目前还没有得到充分的研究。TATE-099是一具几乎完整且相关的迷惑龙头骨和牙齿复合体，来自怀俄明州科莫布夫的莫里森上组(上侏罗纪)，包含与迷惑龙属一致的颅骨特征。使用计算机断层扫描(CT)对右侧前颌骨、上颌骨和牙列未喷发的牙齿复合体进行了成像和数字重建。结果:上颌前牙槽位4个，每个位置有5-7颗未萌牙;上颌牙槽位10个，每个位置有3-5颗未萌牙;牙槽位10个，每个位置只有1-2颗未萌牙。TATE-099的替换牙能力高于梁龙属，与前人关于莫里森组同时期蜥脚类动物生态位划分的研究结果一致。TATE-099牙复合体容量的差异进一步表明了假龙新的进食机制。CT数据也支持了一种关于梁龙牙齿替换的新假设，即整排牙齿作为一个整体被替换，而不是单独替换。上颌前牙的高容量替换牙齿只被一个分类群(尼日利亚龙)继承，这表明上颌前牙经常磨损。然而，TATE-099牙列的替换牙数量明显减少，表明替换牙的频率较低。这些结果为鞭毛纲中蜥脚类动物的摄食机制和差异提供了新的认识。约瑟夫·e·彼得森。威斯康星大学奥什科什分校地质系，800阿尔戈马大道，奥什科什，威斯康星州54901，美国petersoj@uwosh.edu(通讯作者)David Lovelace。威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校地质博物馆，美国威斯康星麦迪逊53706dlovelace@wisc.edu彼得森等人:APATOSAURINE喂养机制2梅丽莎康奈利。Stratigraphic rex LLC, Casper, Wyoming 82604, USA。melconn45@gmail.com朱莉娅·b·麦克休。西部科罗拉多博物馆，科罗拉多大枢纽，81502，美国;科罗拉多梅萨大学，物理与环境科学系，科罗拉多大枢纽，81502，美国。jmchugh@westcomuseum.org
{"title":"A novel feeding mechanism of diplodocid sauropods revealed in an Apatosaurine skull from the Upper Jurassic Nail Quarry (Morrison Formation) at Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA","authors":"Joseph Peterson, D. Lovelace, Melissa V. Connely, J. Mchugh","doi":"10.26879/1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1216","url":null,"abstract":"Dental complexes of sauropod dinosaurs have been studied in members of Diplodocoidea and Macronaria. However, the disparity among the number of replacement teeth between the premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary of apatosaurine sauropods has yet to be fully investigated. TATE-099, a nearly complete and associated apatosaurine skull and dental complexes from the upper Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) at Como Bluff, Wyoming, contains cranial characters consistent with Apatosaurus sp. Unerupted dental complexes of the right premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary were imaged and digitally reconstructed using computed tomography (CT). Results indicate four premaxillary alveolar positions each with 5–7 unerupted replacement teeth, 10 maxillary alveolar positions each with 3–5 unerupted replacement teeth, and 10 dentary alveolar positions each with only 1–2 unerupted replacement teeth. The capacity of replacement teeth in TATE-099 is higher than reported in the genus Diplodocus and consistent with data from previous studies on niche partitioning among coeval Morrison Formation sauropods. Disparity among the capacity of dental complexes of TATE-099 further suggests novel feeding mechanics in apatosaurines. CT data also support a new hypothesis of tooth replacement in diplodocids, where entire rows of teeth are replaced as a single unit, rather than individually. The high-capacity of replacement teeth in the premaxilla is only known to be succeeded by one taxon (Nigersaurus) and suggests frequent wear of the premaxillary teeth. However, considerably fewer replacement teeth in the dentary of TATE-099 suggests less-frequent. These results offer insight into the feeding mechanisms and disparity of sauropods within Flagellicaudata. Joseph E. Peterson. University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Department of Geology, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54901, USA. petersoj@uwosh.edu (corresponding author) David Lovelace. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Geology Museum, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA. dlovelace@wisc.edu PETERSON ET AL.: APATOSAURINE FEEDING MECHANISM 2 Melissa Connely. Stratigraphic rex LLC, Casper, Wyoming 82604, USA. melconn45@gmail.com Julia B. McHugh. Museums of Western Colorado, Grand Junction, Colorado, 81502, USA and Colorado Mesa University, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Grand Junction, Colorado, 81502, USA. jmchugh@westcomuseum.org","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ovummuridae are calcareous, egg-shaped microfossils with an unknown taxonomic affinity. Their limited observation is due to their occurrence only within exceptionally preserved carbonate rocks that have undergone little to no diagenesis or aggrading neomorphism. The Much Wenlock Limestone Formation (Homerian) is famous for its exceptionally preserved and diverse fossil biota, but Ovummuridae have not been previously observed and reported from the formation. This paper introduces the population of Ovummuridae from the off-reef tract limestones of The Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, Shropshire, UK. The authors analysed 124 polished and etched thin sections using reflected light microscopy to detect the presence of Ovummuridae. A total of 6591 ovummurids were identified, including observations of several previously undescribed morphotypes of Ovummuridae. Three new genera, Munneckella, Natantesprifmata and Hartonella , and subsequently four new species, Minourella wenlockiensis, Munneckella tribuscamera, Natantesprifmata rogersi and Hartonella oblonga , are introduced. The implications of this study suggest that reflected light microscopy is an effective and efficient method for observing calcareous microfossils. Ovummuridae may be more abundant than previously reported, their stratigraphic and palaeogeographic range is further extended, and it is highlighted that the off-reef tract may have been the microfossils’ preferred environment
{"title":"Ovummuridae (calcareous microfossils) from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, Shropshire, UK","authors":"Rowshi Hussain, S. Rogers, J. Blackburn","doi":"10.26879/1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1222","url":null,"abstract":"Ovummuridae are calcareous, egg-shaped microfossils with an unknown taxonomic affinity. Their limited observation is due to their occurrence only within exceptionally preserved carbonate rocks that have undergone little to no diagenesis or aggrading neomorphism. The Much Wenlock Limestone Formation (Homerian) is famous for its exceptionally preserved and diverse fossil biota, but Ovummuridae have not been previously observed and reported from the formation. This paper introduces the population of Ovummuridae from the off-reef tract limestones of The Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, Shropshire, UK. The authors analysed 124 polished and etched thin sections using reflected light microscopy to detect the presence of Ovummuridae. A total of 6591 ovummurids were identified, including observations of several previously undescribed morphotypes of Ovummuridae. Three new genera, Munneckella, Natantesprifmata and Hartonella , and subsequently four new species, Minourella wenlockiensis, Munneckella tribuscamera, Natantesprifmata rogersi and Hartonella oblonga , are introduced. The implications of this study suggest that reflected light microscopy is an effective and efficient method for observing calcareous microfossils. Ovummuridae may be more abundant than previously reported, their stratigraphic and palaeogeographic range is further extended, and it is highlighted that the off-reef tract may have been the microfossils’ preferred environment","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Koenigswald, J. Březina, R. Werneburg, U. Göhlich
A detailed description of a partial skeleton of “Mammut” borsoni from the late Pliocene (Early Villafranchian, MN 16/17) of Kaltensundheim in Thuringia (Germany) is provided, and concentrates on osteological comparisons with specimens of the European Mammutidae (Zygolophodon turicensis and “M”. borsoni) and the North American Mammut americanum. Osteological similarities between “M”. borsoni and M. americanum have to be regarded as parallelisms. The Kaltensundheim specimen is one of the youngest appearances of mammutids in Europe. The skeleton may represent a female, because it is distinctly smaller than male individuals from Milia in Greece of a similar ontogenetic age. We use the genus name “Mammut” in quotation marks, because the genus Mammut evolved in North America and no reinvasion into Eurasia can be proven. Therefore, the genus name Mammut should not be used prematurely for Eurasian finds. Wighart v. Koenigswald. Universität Bonn, Institut für Geowissenschaften (Paläontologie), Nussallee 8, D53115 Bonn, Germany. koenigswald@uni-bonn.de Jakub Březina. Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic and Department of Geology and Paleontology, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic. jbrezina@mzm.cz Ralf Werneburg. Naturhistorisches Museum, Schloss Bertholdsburg, Burgstraße 6, D-98553 Schleusingen, Germany. werneburg@museum-schleusingen.de Ursula B. Göhlich. Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Geologisch-paläontologische Abt., Burgring 7, A1010 Wien, Austria. ursula.goehlich@nhm-wien.ac.at
本文详细描述了德国图林根州Kaltensundheim地区上新世晚期(Villafranchian早期，MN 16/17)“Mammut”borsoni的部分骨骼，并将其与欧洲猛犸象科(Zygolophodon turicensis和“M”)标本进行了骨学比较。和北美的美洲猛犸象。" M "和" M "的骨学相似性。borsoni和m.a americum必须被看作是平行的。卡尔滕松海姆标本是欧洲最年轻的哺乳动物之一。这具骨骼可能代表一名女性，因为它明显小于希腊米利亚的男性个体，其个体发育年龄相似。我们用“猛犸象”这个属名加了引号，因为猛犸象属是在北美进化而来的，没有重新入侵欧亚大陆的证据。因此，不应该过早地将猛犸象这个属名用于欧亚大陆的发现。怀特诉科尼斯瓦尔德案。Universität波恩，德国地质科学研究所(Paläontologie)，德国波恩Nussallee 8, D53115。koenigswald@uni-bonn.de Jakub Březina。马萨里克大学理学院地质科学系，捷克布尔诺Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37;摩拉维亚博物馆地质古生物学系，捷克布尔诺Zelný trh 6, 659 37。jbrezina@mzm.cz Ralf Werneburg。自然历史博物馆，贝索尔兹堡城堡，Burgstraße 6, D-98553 Schleusingen，德国。werneburg@museum-schleusingen.de厄休拉B. Göhlich。维也纳自然历史博物馆，Geologisch-paläontologische Abt.， Burgring 7, A1010奥地利维也纳。ursula.goehlich@nhm-wien.ac.at
{"title":"A partial skeleton of “Mammut” borsoni (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Pliocene of Kaltensundheim (Germany)","authors":"W. Koenigswald, J. Březina, R. Werneburg, U. Göhlich","doi":"10.26879/1188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1188","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed description of a partial skeleton of “Mammut” borsoni from the late Pliocene (Early Villafranchian, MN 16/17) of Kaltensundheim in Thuringia (Germany) is provided, and concentrates on osteological comparisons with specimens of the European Mammutidae (Zygolophodon turicensis and “M”. borsoni) and the North American Mammut americanum. Osteological similarities between “M”. borsoni and M. americanum have to be regarded as parallelisms. The Kaltensundheim specimen is one of the youngest appearances of mammutids in Europe. The skeleton may represent a female, because it is distinctly smaller than male individuals from Milia in Greece of a similar ontogenetic age. We use the genus name “Mammut” in quotation marks, because the genus Mammut evolved in North America and no reinvasion into Eurasia can be proven. Therefore, the genus name Mammut should not be used prematurely for Eurasian finds. Wighart v. Koenigswald. Universität Bonn, Institut für Geowissenschaften (Paläontologie), Nussallee 8, D53115 Bonn, Germany. koenigswald@uni-bonn.de Jakub Březina. Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic and Department of Geology and Paleontology, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic. jbrezina@mzm.cz Ralf Werneburg. Naturhistorisches Museum, Schloss Bertholdsburg, Burgstraße 6, D-98553 Schleusingen, Germany. werneburg@museum-schleusingen.de Ursula B. Göhlich. Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Geologisch-paläontologische Abt., Burgring 7, A1010 Wien, Austria. ursula.goehlich@nhm-wien.ac.at","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shrews of the Anourosoricini tribe (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) were a broadly represented group of the subfamily Soricinae in the Neogene of Palaearctica and show high taxonomic diversity, up to now mostly in Europe. In the current study, the generic diversity of northern Asian anourosoricin is expanded to four: Crusafontina, Ishimosorex gen. nov., Paranourosorex and Anourosorex. Our investigation of original material from 22 Russian and Kazakh localities allowed us to describe fossil material for two endemic northern Asian genera, Ishimosorex gen. nov and Paranourosorex. Based on the dental features and stratigraphic position, we consider early Ishimosorex gen. nov. and later Paranourosorex to represent a single evolutionary lineage. The IshimosorexParanourosorex lineage existed from the Late Miocene (late Vallesian, MN 10) to early Pliocene (Ruscinian, MN 15) over a broad geographic range in northern Asia from southwestern Siberia to the Inner Mongolia region and consists of five species: Ishimosorex ishimiensis gen. et sp. nov., P. seletiensis, P. inexspectatus, Paranourosorex intermedius sp. nov. and P. gigas. Vladimir S. Zazhigin. Geological Institute (GIN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 109017, Russia. zazhvol@gmail.com Leonid L. Voyta. Zoological Institute (ZIN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia. leonid.voyta@zin.ru
Anourosoricini部落鼩鼱(Soricomorpha: Soricidae)是古北大陆新近纪Soricinae亚科中一个广泛代表的类群，具有很高的分类多样性，迄今主要分布在欧洲。在目前的研究中，北亚anourosoricin的属群多样性扩大到四个:Crusafontina、Ishimosorex gen. nov.、Paranourosorex和Anourosorex。我们对来自俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦22个地方的原始材料进行了调查，使我们能够描述两个特有的北亚属，Ishimosorex gen. nov和Paranourosorex的化石材料。根据牙齿特征和地层位置，我们认为早期的Ishimosorex gen. 11和后来的parourosorex代表一个单一的进化谱系。Ishimosorex - Paranourosorex谱系存在于晚中新世(晚瓦列世，MN 10)至上新世早期(俄罗斯世，MN 15)，分布于西伯利亚西南部至内蒙古地区的北亚地区，由5个物种组成:Ishimosorex ishiimiensis gen. et sp. nov.， P. seletiensis, P. inexspecatus, Paranourosorex intermedius sp. nov.和P. gigas。Vladimir S. Zazhigin。俄罗斯科学院地质研究所，皮热夫斯基。7，莫斯科，109017，俄罗斯zazhvol@gmail.com列昂尼德·l·沃伊塔。俄罗斯科学院动物研究所(ZIN)。1、俄罗斯圣彼得堡，199034。leonid.voyta@zin.ru
{"title":"New Neogene anourosoricin shrews from northern Asia","authors":"V. Zazhigin, L. Voyta","doi":"10.26879/1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1209","url":null,"abstract":"The shrews of the Anourosoricini tribe (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) were a broadly represented group of the subfamily Soricinae in the Neogene of Palaearctica and show high taxonomic diversity, up to now mostly in Europe. In the current study, the generic diversity of northern Asian anourosoricin is expanded to four: Crusafontina, Ishimosorex gen. nov., Paranourosorex and Anourosorex. Our investigation of original material from 22 Russian and Kazakh localities allowed us to describe fossil material for two endemic northern Asian genera, Ishimosorex gen. nov and Paranourosorex. Based on the dental features and stratigraphic position, we consider early Ishimosorex gen. nov. and later Paranourosorex to represent a single evolutionary lineage. The IshimosorexParanourosorex lineage existed from the Late Miocene (late Vallesian, MN 10) to early Pliocene (Ruscinian, MN 15) over a broad geographic range in northern Asia from southwestern Siberia to the Inner Mongolia region and consists of five species: Ishimosorex ishimiensis gen. et sp. nov., P. seletiensis, P. inexspectatus, Paranourosorex intermedius sp. nov. and P. gigas. Vladimir S. Zazhigin. Geological Institute (GIN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 109017, Russia. zazhvol@gmail.com Leonid L. Voyta. Zoological Institute (ZIN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia. leonid.voyta@zin.ru","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isolated teeth make up much of the mammalian fossil record. The scientific value of these specimens is maximized when their specific locus can be identified, which permits precise comparisons with more complete specimens. However, identifying tooth locus can be challenging, particularly in metatherians, as these animals have multiple molar loci (M1-3/m1-4) that typically differ only in relatively subtle aspects. In this study, we use geometric morphometrics to analyze the first three upper molars (M1-3) of the metatherian clade Sparassodonta to determine whether it is possible to classify isolated teeth to locus using linear discriminant analysis. Discriminant analyses return high cross-validation reclassification rates of 72-83% and classify several specimens of unknown locus with high posterior probabilities, suggesting that they can be used to confidently identify tooth locus in metatherians. The morphological features that best distinguish tooth loci from each other are the shape of the stylar shelf and development of the ectoflexus and parastylar lobe. Specifically, the parastylar lobe is labiolingually narrower than the width of the stylar shelf at the midpoint of the tooth on M1, equal in width on M2, and greater than width on M3, forming an ectoflexus. Our study provides an open-access morphometric dataset that other researchers can use to determine tooth loci of isolated sparassodont teeth, such as those collected by screen-washing or surface collecting. Russell K. Engelman. Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, U.S.A. neovenatoridae@gmail.com Darin A. Croft. Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4930, U.S.A. dcroft@case.edu
{"title":"Identifying tooth position of isolated teeth of sparassodonts (Mammalia: Metatheria) using geometric morphometrics","authors":"Russell K. Engelman, D. Croft","doi":"10.26879/1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1111","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated teeth make up much of the mammalian fossil record. The scientific value of these specimens is maximized when their specific locus can be identified, which permits precise comparisons with more complete specimens. However, identifying tooth locus can be challenging, particularly in metatherians, as these animals have multiple molar loci (M1-3/m1-4) that typically differ only in relatively subtle aspects. In this study, we use geometric morphometrics to analyze the first three upper molars (M1-3) of the metatherian clade Sparassodonta to determine whether it is possible to classify isolated teeth to locus using linear discriminant analysis. Discriminant analyses return high cross-validation reclassification rates of 72-83% and classify several specimens of unknown locus with high posterior probabilities, suggesting that they can be used to confidently identify tooth locus in metatherians. The morphological features that best distinguish tooth loci from each other are the shape of the stylar shelf and development of the ectoflexus and parastylar lobe. Specifically, the parastylar lobe is labiolingually narrower than the width of the stylar shelf at the midpoint of the tooth on M1, equal in width on M2, and greater than width on M3, forming an ectoflexus. Our study provides an open-access morphometric dataset that other researchers can use to determine tooth loci of isolated sparassodont teeth, such as those collected by screen-washing or surface collecting. Russell K. Engelman. Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, U.S.A. neovenatoridae@gmail.com Darin A. Croft. Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4930, U.S.A. dcroft@case.edu","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several taxa of lions occurred in the Pleistocene of the Northern Hemisphere. Although crania of these large cats are relatively rare in the fossil record, they allow us to assess size and shape differences among Pleistocene lions from Europe, Asia, and North America (Panthera fossilis, P. spelaea, P. atrox) and to compare them with the extant P. leo . We use basic 14 morphometric data (cranial length/width dimensions, auditory bulla diameters, cranial profile) including data on sex and ontogenetic age in 44 fossil and eight recent specimens, along with their geological age and altitude. We show that: first, crania of the P. fossilis (including P. “intermedia”) differs from crania of the Last Glacial P. spelaea and the extant P. leo . Second, P. spelaea shows a high mor-phologic variation in cranial morphology across its geographic range, with partial morphological segregation between the Western European and Eastern European assemblages. However, the main axis of morphological variation between geographic forms of P. spelaea and P. fossilis–“intermedia” correlates with size (in contrast to major differences relative to P. atrox ), and cranial data thus do
{"title":"Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy","authors":"M. Sabol, A. Tomašovỳch, Juraj Gullár","doi":"10.26879/1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1175","url":null,"abstract":"Several taxa of lions occurred in the Pleistocene of the Northern Hemisphere. Although crania of these large cats are relatively rare in the fossil record, they allow us to assess size and shape differences among Pleistocene lions from Europe, Asia, and North America (Panthera fossilis, P. spelaea, P. atrox) and to compare them with the extant P. leo . We use basic 14 morphometric data (cranial length/width dimensions, auditory bulla diameters, cranial profile) including data on sex and ontogenetic age in 44 fossil and eight recent specimens, along with their geological age and altitude. We show that: first, crania of the P. fossilis (including P. “intermedia”) differs from crania of the Last Glacial P. spelaea and the extant P. leo . Second, P. spelaea shows a high mor-phologic variation in cranial morphology across its geographic range, with partial morphological segregation between the Western European and Eastern European assemblages. However, the main axis of morphological variation between geographic forms of P. spelaea and P. fossilis–“intermedia” correlates with size (in contrast to major differences relative to P. atrox ), and cranial data thus do","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Tshudy, M. Hyžný, Martina Kočová Veselská, J. Jagt
Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854, is an extinct clawed lobster genus within the clade of thaumastocheliform decapod crustaceans that are characterized by short, quadrate pleura on the pleon and a major claw with a bulbous palm and acicular dentition. In fact, Oncopareia is the earliest thaumastocheliform lobster known to date, the oldest example being of Turonian age (~90 Ma). Originally, Oncopareia was erected for a single late Maastrichtian species, O. bredai Bosquet, 1854, from the southeast Netherlands. The genus has a convoluted taxonomic history that begins with a type species that is an accidental composite of two lobsters that differ at the genus level, the second genus being Hoploparia M’Coy, 1849. An analogous situation occurred in Hoploparia biserialis Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887, the description of which is partly based on material that is attributable to Oncopareia. A number of subsequently erected taxa have been assigned to Oncopareia, based solely on isolated cheliped fingers and only later to be recognized as representatives of the ghost shrimp genus Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926. This was due to convergent evolution of pectinate claws in several distinct decapod lineages. The present contribution summarizes the taxonomic history of Oncopareia, redefines the genus and redescribes its type species, and comments on species previously referred to the genus. Herein, in addition to the type species, three distinct Oncopareia species are recognized: Oncopareia esocina (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887), Oncopareia klintebjergensis Jakobsen and Collins, 1979, and Oncopareia lunata (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887). Other species previously included within Oncopareia are either reassigned to other genera or considered of uncertain affinity (incertae sedis). Dale M. Tshudy. Department of Geosciences, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16412, USA dtshudy@edinboro.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-4378 Matúš Hyžný. Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia. hyzny.matus@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-89602846) TSHUDY ET AL.: LOBSTER GENUS ONCOPAREIA 2 Martina Koočová Veselská. Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology, Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic and Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic. veselskamartina@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-9019 John W.M. Jagt. Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6-7, 6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands. john.jagt@maastricht.nl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-1991
Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854年，是一个已经灭绝的有爪龙虾属，属于十足甲壳类动物的分支，其特征是在pleon上有短的方形胸膜，主爪具有球根状掌和针状齿。事实上，Oncopareia是迄今为止已知的最早的胸鳍龙虾，最古老的例子是Turonian时代(~90 Ma)。最初，Oncopareia是为一个来自荷兰东南部的马斯特里赫特晚期物种O. bredai Bosquet(1854年)而建立的。该属的分类学历史错综复杂，始于一个模式种，它是两种在属水平上不同的龙虾的偶然组合，第二个属是Hoploparia M 'Coy, 1849年。类似的情况也发生在弗里奇和卡夫卡1887年所著的《双叶飞虱》(Hoploparia bisserialis Fritsch)中，对其的描述部分基于可归因于Oncopareia的材料。一些后来建立的分类群被分配到Oncopareia，仅仅基于孤立的趾状指，后来才被认为是鬼虾属Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926。这是由于在几个不同的十足动物谱系中，果尖爪的进化趋同。本文总结了该属的分类历史，重新定义了属，重新描述了其模式种，并对以前属的种作了评述。在此，除了模式种外，还确认了三种不同的Oncopareia esocina (Fritsch, in Fritsch和Kafka, 1887)， Oncopareia klintebjergensis Jakobsen和Collins, 1979，和Oncopareia lunata (Fritsch, in Fritsch和Kafka, 1887)。以前包括在Oncopareia内的其他物种要么被重新分配到其他属，要么被认为具有不确定的亲和力(incertae sedis)。戴尔·m·蒂迪。美国宾夕法尼亚大学爱丁堡分校地球科学系，美国宾夕法尼亚州爱丁堡16412 dtshudy@edinboro.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-4378 Matúš Hyžný。夸美纽斯大学自然科学学院地质与古生物系，斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发ilkovi ova 6。hyzny.matus@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-89602846) TSHUDY等人:龙虾属ONCOPAREIA 2 Martina koo ovveselsk。捷克科学院地质研究所，v. v. i.，古生物与古生态学系，rozvojov 269,16500布拉格6，捷克共和国;查尔斯大学地质与古生物研究所，阿尔贝托夫6,12843布拉格2，捷克共和国。veselskamartina@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-9019 John W.M. Jagt。马斯特里赫特自然历史博物馆，De Bosquetplein 6-7, 6211 KJ马斯特里赫特，荷兰。john.jagt@maastricht.nl https://orcid.org/0000 - 0001 - 6216 - 1991
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)","authors":"D. Tshudy, M. Hyžný, Martina Kočová Veselská, J. Jagt","doi":"10.26879/1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1190","url":null,"abstract":"Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854, is an extinct clawed lobster genus within the clade of thaumastocheliform decapod crustaceans that are characterized by short, quadrate pleura on the pleon and a major claw with a bulbous palm and acicular dentition. In fact, Oncopareia is the earliest thaumastocheliform lobster known to date, the oldest example being of Turonian age (~90 Ma). Originally, Oncopareia was erected for a single late Maastrichtian species, O. bredai Bosquet, 1854, from the southeast Netherlands. The genus has a convoluted taxonomic history that begins with a type species that is an accidental composite of two lobsters that differ at the genus level, the second genus being Hoploparia M’Coy, 1849. An analogous situation occurred in Hoploparia biserialis Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887, the description of which is partly based on material that is attributable to Oncopareia. A number of subsequently erected taxa have been assigned to Oncopareia, based solely on isolated cheliped fingers and only later to be recognized as representatives of the ghost shrimp genus Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926. This was due to convergent evolution of pectinate claws in several distinct decapod lineages. The present contribution summarizes the taxonomic history of Oncopareia, redefines the genus and redescribes its type species, and comments on species previously referred to the genus. Herein, in addition to the type species, three distinct Oncopareia species are recognized: Oncopareia esocina (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887), Oncopareia klintebjergensis Jakobsen and Collins, 1979, and Oncopareia lunata (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887). Other species previously included within Oncopareia are either reassigned to other genera or considered of uncertain affinity (incertae sedis). Dale M. Tshudy. Department of Geosciences, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16412, USA dtshudy@edinboro.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-4378 Matúš Hyžný. Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia. hyzny.matus@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-89602846) TSHUDY ET AL.: LOBSTER GENUS ONCOPAREIA 2 Martina Koočová Veselská. Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology, Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic and Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic. veselskamartina@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-9019 John W.M. Jagt. Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6-7, 6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands. john.jagt@maastricht.nl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-1991","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. O'Flynn, Mark L. Williams, Meng-Chen Yu, T. Harvey, Yu Liu
We describe Fengzhengia mamingae gen. et sp. nov., a new euarthropod from the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, Southwest China. Fengzhengia mamingae possesses prominent frontal appendages, stalked, circular eyes, a simple, sub-triangular head shield, and a trunk with 15 tergites, the anterior nine each bearing a single medial axial spine. Limited evidence suggests biramous trunk appendages with paddle-shaped exopods. At the posterior end is a sub-triangular region, possibly a pygidium, articulated with a tail fan. The frontal appendage of F. mamingae resembles those of certain ‘great appendage’ arthropods and Isoxys. We test the affinities of F. mamingae by parsimony and Bayesian analyses and tentatively suggest that it is an early branch of Deuteropoda. We suggest that F. mamingae may have been a nektobenthic scavenger or predator, and its dorsal exoskeleton is notable for exhibiting defensive spines. Robert J. O’Flynn. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China and School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. rjof1@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-6321 Mark Williams. School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. mri@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-6069 Mengxiao Yu. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China, mengxiao.yu@mail.ynu.edu.cn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-0584 O’FLYNN ET AL.: A NEW CHENGJIANG EUARTHROPOD 2 Thomas H.P. Harvey. School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. thph2@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-7004 Yu Liu. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. yu.liu@ynu.edu.cn http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-740X (corresponding author)
本文描述了中国西南澄江Lagerstätte地区下寒武统(2系3期)中新真节肢动物Fengzhengia mamingae gen. et sp. nov.。Fengzhengia mamingae有突出的正面附属物，有柄，圆形的眼睛，一个简单的，近三角形的头盾，和一个有15个牙体的躯干，前面的9个每个都有一个单一的内侧轴棘。有限的证据表明双生鼻附属物具有桨状的外足。在后端有一近三角形区域，可能为臀肌，与尾扇铰接。F. mamingae的正面附属物类似于某些“大附属物”节肢动物和Isoxys。通过简约性分析和贝叶斯分析，我们对F. mamingae的亲缘性进行了检验，初步认为它是后足动物的一个早期分支。我们认为f.m amingae可能是一种底栖动物或捕食者，其背部外骨骼具有明显的防御刺。罗伯特·j·奥弗林。云南大学古生物研究所云南省古生物重点实验室，云南昆明650500;英国莱斯特大学路莱斯特大学地理、地质与环境学院;云南大学MEC国际古生物与古环境联合实验室，云南昆明650500。rjof1@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-6321马克·威廉姆斯。英国莱斯特大学地理、地质与环境学院，英国莱斯特大学路，云南大学MEC国际古生物与古环境联合实验室，云南昆明650500。mri@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-6069于梦笑。云南大学古生物研究所云南省古生物重点实验室，650500昆明;云南大学MEC国际古生物与古环境联合实验室，650500昆明，mengxiao.yu@mail.ynu.edu.cn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-0584 O’flynn ET AL.: A NEW CHENGJIANG EUARTHROPOD 2英国莱斯特大学地理、地质与环境学院，英国莱斯特大学路，云南大学MEC国际古生物与古环境联合实验室，云南昆明650500。thph2@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-7004刘宇。云南大学古生物研究所云南省古生物重点实验室，云南昆明650500;云南大学MEC国际古生物与古环境联合实验室，云南昆明650500。yu.liu@ynu.edu.cn http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-740X(通讯作者)
{"title":"A new euarthropod with large frontal appendages from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota","authors":"R. O'Flynn, Mark L. Williams, Meng-Chen Yu, T. Harvey, Yu Liu","doi":"10.26879/1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1167","url":null,"abstract":"We describe Fengzhengia mamingae gen. et sp. nov., a new euarthropod from the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, Southwest China. Fengzhengia mamingae possesses prominent frontal appendages, stalked, circular eyes, a simple, sub-triangular head shield, and a trunk with 15 tergites, the anterior nine each bearing a single medial axial spine. Limited evidence suggests biramous trunk appendages with paddle-shaped exopods. At the posterior end is a sub-triangular region, possibly a pygidium, articulated with a tail fan. The frontal appendage of F. mamingae resembles those of certain ‘great appendage’ arthropods and Isoxys. We test the affinities of F. mamingae by parsimony and Bayesian analyses and tentatively suggest that it is an early branch of Deuteropoda. We suggest that F. mamingae may have been a nektobenthic scavenger or predator, and its dorsal exoskeleton is notable for exhibiting defensive spines. Robert J. O’Flynn. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China and School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. rjof1@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-6321 Mark Williams. School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. mri@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-6069 Mengxiao Yu. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China, mengxiao.yu@mail.ynu.edu.cn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-0584 O’FLYNN ET AL.: A NEW CHENGJIANG EUARTHROPOD 2 Thomas H.P. Harvey. School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. thph2@leicester.ac.uk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-7004 Yu Liu. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China and MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China. yu.liu@ynu.edu.cn http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-740X (corresponding author)","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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