Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences最新文献

英文中文

Measurement approaches in climate action research 气候行动研究中的测量方法

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101510

Florian Lange

Behavioral scientists across disciplines study the determinants of climate actions. They aim to describe, predict, explain, and change the behavioral properties (e.g. frequency, intensity, duration) of everyday resource consumption, climate-relevant investment decisions, or environmental activism behaviors. Accurate measurement of such properties is a critical prerequisite for a reliable science of climate actions. The present article reviews current measurement approaches while pointing to potential accuracy issues and ways to mitigate them. It illustrates the usefulness of observation-based measurement and argues that when relying on self-reports, researchers should take measures to ensure that participants’ self-observations can be accurate. In addition, behavioral paradigms are discussed as a means to study general principles underlying climate actions under experimentally controlled conditions. The review further distinguishes between the observation-based measurement of behavioral properties and the psychometric measurement of person properties and provides recommendations for the selection of measurement approaches contingent on researchers’ goals and interests.

各个学科的行为科学家研究气候行动的决定因素。他们的目标是描述、预测、解释和改变日常资源消耗、与气候相关的投资决策或环境行动主义行为的行为属性（例如频率、强度、持续时间）。准确测量这些特性是建立可靠的气候行动科学的关键先决条件。本文回顾了当前的测量方法，同时指出了潜在的准确性问题和减轻这些问题的方法。它说明了基于观察的测量的有用性，并认为当依赖于自我报告时，研究人员应该采取措施确保参与者的自我观察是准确的。此外，还讨论了行为范式作为研究实验控制条件下气候作用的一般原理的一种手段。本综述进一步区分了基于观察的行为属性测量和基于心理的个人属性测量，并根据研究者的目标和兴趣提供了选择测量方法的建议。

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引用次数: 0

The social foundations of collective climate action 集体气候行动的社会基础

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101506

Nathaniel Geiger , John Fraser

This interdisciplinary review explores intragroup and interpersonal precursors to collective climate action. First, we highlight structural perspectives into collective action, noting that efforts are moving beyond individual-level scientific literacy and instead situating climate literacy at the community level (i.e. community-based climate literacy). We highlight perspectives in community-based scientific literacy that conceptualize literacy as distributed throughout a group rather than solely held within individuals, and, grounded in theory on community-based climate literacy, we examine structural perspectives into how collective action can diffuse through social networks and into new communities. Next, we explore the social psychological literature on motivators of collective climate action, highlighting four interrelated intergroup and intrapersonal factors that recent research increasingly suggests are key to fostering collective action: (a) group identification, (b) empowerment to act, (c) social norms and influence, and (d) conversations. Collectively, this synthesis of recent research insights suggests promise for understanding and promoting collective climate action.

这篇跨学科的综述探讨了集体气候行动的群体内部和人际前兆。首先，我们强调将结构观点纳入集体行动，注意到努力正在超越个人层面的科学素养，而是将气候素养置于社区层面（即以社区为基础的气候素养）。我们强调了基于社区的科学素养的观点，这些观点将素养概念化为分布在整个群体而不仅仅是在个人内部，并且，基于基于社区的气候素养理论，我们研究了集体行动如何通过社会网络扩散并进入新社区的结构观点。接下来，我们探讨了关于集体气候行动动机的社会心理学文献，强调了四个相互关联的群体间和个人内部因素，这些因素最近的研究越来越多地表明是促进集体行动的关键：(a)群体认同，(b)行动授权，(c)社会规范和影响，以及(d)对话。总的来说，这种对最近研究见解的综合表明了理解和促进集体气候行动的希望。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing self-motion perception: a control theory perspective on vestibular–visual integration and adaptive mechanisms 优化自我运动知觉：前庭-视觉整合和自适应机制的控制理论视角

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101511

Fu Zeng , Rong Wang , Aihua Chen

Self-motion perception, the ability to sense and interpret one’s own movement through space, plays a critical role in navigation, balance, and spatial orientation. This review examines how control theory offers a structured framework to analyze and optimize this perceptual process, focusing on the interactions between the vestibular and visual systems. By applying control theory concepts such as feedback loops, adaptive mechanisms, and sensory integration, we gain a deeper understanding of how the brain resolves conflicts between sensory inputs and recalibrates them to maintain stability. Recent findings highlight cortical processing areas that optimize sensory integration and recalibration, allowing for robust and accurate motion perception. This review synthesizes contemporary research from neuroscience, psychology, and engineering to present a cohesive perspective on enhancing self-motion perception, with implications for both theoretical understanding and practical applications in fields such as virtual reality and robotics.

自我运动感知，即通过空间感知和解释自己运动的能力，在导航、平衡和空间定向方面起着至关重要的作用。这篇综述探讨了控制理论如何提供一个结构化的框架来分析和优化这一感知过程，重点是前庭和视觉系统之间的相互作用。通过应用诸如反馈回路、自适应机制和感觉整合等控制理论概念，我们对大脑如何解决感觉输入之间的冲突并重新校准它们以保持稳定有了更深入的了解。最近的研究结果强调了优化感觉整合和重新校准的皮质处理区域，允许稳健和准确的运动感知。这篇综述综合了神经科学、心理学和工程学的当代研究，提出了一个关于增强自我运动感知的有凝聚力的观点，对虚拟现实和机器人等领域的理论理解和实际应用都有意义。

引用次数: 0

Experimental approaches to study sensory disconnection in humans during sleep and anesthesia 研究人类在睡眠和麻醉状态下感觉断开的实验方法

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101505

Benedetta Cecconi , Vincent Bonhomme , Steven Laureys , Olivia Gosseries , Melanie Boly , Jitka Annen

We discuss evidence from anesthesia, sleep, and mind-wandering studies, demonstrating the frequent detachment of consciousness from external sensory inputs, resulting in states of sensory disconnection. The challenge of behaviorally distinguishing between conscious states with sensory perception (connected consciousness [CC]) and those without it (disconnected consciousness [DC]) is examined in light of current methods for assessing consciousness. We evaluate the effectiveness of objective measures and behavioral responsiveness versus subjective measures in differentiating between CC and DC states during sleep and anesthesia. We conclude that the most effective approach to study sensory disconnection in these states is to serially awaken participants during the same sleep stage or at similar anesthetic concentrations after sensory stimulation, while neuroimaging data is recorded. Upon awakening, subjective reports on consciousness and sensory perception are collected to identify CC and DC states. This methodology allows for a within-state examination of the neural signatures of sensory disconnection, minimizing biases from between-state comparisons.

我们讨论了来自麻醉、睡眠和走神研究的证据，证明意识经常脱离外部感觉输入，导致感觉断开状态。根据目前评估意识的方法，对具有感官知觉的意识状态（连接意识[CC]）和没有知觉的意识状态（断开意识[DC]）进行行为区分的挑战进行了研究。我们评估了客观测量和行为反应性与主观测量在区分睡眠和麻醉时CC和DC状态方面的有效性。我们得出结论，研究这些状态下感觉断开的最有效方法是在感觉刺激后，在相同的睡眠阶段或相似的麻醉浓度下连续唤醒参与者，同时记录神经成像数据。醒来后，收集意识和感官知觉的主观报告来识别CC和DC状态。这种方法允许对感觉断开的神经特征进行状态内检查，最大限度地减少状态间比较的偏差。

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引用次数: 0

Priors and proprioceptive predictions 先验和本体感觉预测

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101509

Thomas Parr , Maxwell JD Ramstead , Karl Friston

This review presents an approach to motor control inspired by the Equilibrium Point Hypothesis. The core idea is that, to realise a motor plan, one need only anticipate the proprioceptive consequences of that plan. Movement can then be executed through spinal and brainstem reflex arcs that correct for any deviations from these proprioceptive predictions. Seen in this light, motor commands are proprioceptive predictions. From a control-theoretic perspective, this implies that reflexes can be cast as closed feedback loops, the set points of which are determined by proprioceptive predictions. In what follows, we consider the key elements — in terms of active inference — that generate proprioceptive predictions. These include prior beliefs about motor trajectories, their temporal (autocorrelation) structure, and the confidence with which their sensory consequences can be predicted. For each element, we briefly review the neurobiology of the structures that might support the underlying computations. In short, we will see how corticospinal, cerebellar, and extrapyramidal systems might contribute to the prediction and realisation of a motor plan.

本文综述了一种受平衡点假说启发的运动控制方法。核心思想是，为了实现运动计划，人们只需要预测该计划的本体感受后果。然后，运动可以通过脊髓和脑干反射弧来执行，这些反射弧可以纠正与这些本体感觉预测的任何偏差。从这个角度来看，运动指令是本体感受性的预测。从控制理论的角度来看，这意味着反射可以被视为封闭的反馈回路，其设定值由本体感觉预测决定。在接下来的内容中，我们考虑了产生本体感觉预测的关键因素-就主动推理而言。这些包括对运动轨迹的先验信念，它们的时间（自相关）结构，以及它们的感觉结果可以预测的信心。对于每个元素，我们简要回顾了可能支持底层计算的结构的神经生物学。简而言之，我们将看到皮质脊髓、小脑和锥体外系系统如何有助于运动计划的预测和实现。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Subcortical cognition: redefining the neural substrates of higher cognition 编辑概述：皮层下认知：重新定义高级认知的神经基质

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101486

William Saban , Michael T Ullman , Karolina Janacsek

引用次数: 0

The brain that controls itself 控制自己的大脑

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101499

Eli J Müller , Brandon R Munn , James M Shine

The brain is a complex adaptive system that is organized across broad spatiotemporal scales. This multiscale architecture poses unique computational challenges, as the brain must balance the segregation of specialized functions with their cooperative integration into broader cognitive processes, while also simultaneously remaining both stable yet flexible enough to robustly rapidly adapt to new challenges. Systems poised near critical points reflect this same trade-off, however they are typically coordinated by external control parameters. Here, we argue that diffuse projections from the subcortex act as intrinsic control parameters that allow the brain to control its own coherence and flexibility. We review biophysical computational models that demonstrate how diffuse projections enforce low-dimensional neural dynamics promoting system-wide coherence while maintaining a susceptibility to external changes. The findings suggest that these systems underlie the brain’s capacity for complex, adaptive behavior, providing a foundation for exploring how diffuse projections influence higher-level cognitive processes and consciousness.

大脑是一个复杂的适应系统，它是跨广泛的时空尺度组织起来的。这种多尺度架构带来了独特的计算挑战，因为大脑必须平衡专业功能的分离与更广泛的认知过程的合作整合，同时保持稳定和足够的灵活性，以快速适应新的挑战。在临界点附近平衡的系统反映了同样的权衡，但是它们通常由外部控制参数协调。在这里，我们认为来自下皮层的漫射投射作为内在控制参数，允许大脑控制其自身的连贯性和灵活性。我们回顾了生物物理计算模型，这些模型展示了漫射投影如何增强低维神经动力学，促进系统范围内的一致性，同时保持对外部变化的易感性。研究结果表明，这些系统是大脑处理复杂适应性行为能力的基础，为探索漫射投射如何影响更高层次的认知过程和意识提供了基础。

引用次数: 0

Spontaneous thought as play: the value of fictional goals in the default mode network 自发思维作为游戏：虚拟目标在默认模式网络中的价值

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101504

Gaia Molinaro , Moshe Bar

Given its prevalence in our wakeful mental activity, spontaneous thought (ST) has been attributed several roles in cognition, most of which engage the brain’s default mode network. Among the benefits of ST is its ability to support the proactive simulation of possible future scenarios, including situations that, prima facie, may seem frivolous, futile, or simply unlikely. By drawing an analogy between ST and children’s play, we propose a substantial role for what might otherwise seem like useless mental activity. In children’s play, ‘fictional’ activities have been argued to hold inherent value, as they hone the capacity to generate new plans and ideas — even if never pursued — and the ability to generate increasingly accurate simulations. We suggest that ST similarly provides a platform for the simulation of goals and scenarios outside the boundaries of what is likely or even feasible in the given context, facilitating learning and innovation. In this capacity, ST supports human intelligence and mental well-being. We discuss the implications of our proposal for the understanding of ST and its underlying neural circuitry.

鉴于自发性思维（ST）普遍存在于我们清醒的心理活动中，它在认知中扮演了几个角色，其中大多数都与大脑的默认模式网络有关。ST的好处之一是它能够支持对可能的未来情景的主动模拟，包括表面上看起来可能是无聊的、无用的或根本不可能的情况。通过在ST和儿童游戏之间进行类比，我们提出了一个重要的角色，否则可能看起来是无用的心理活动。在孩子们的游戏中，“虚构”的活动被认为具有内在价值，因为它们磨练了产生新计划和想法的能力——即使从来没有追求过——以及产生越来越精确的模拟的能力。我们建议，科技同样提供了一个平台，模拟在给定环境中可能甚至可行的边界之外的目标和场景，促进学习和创新。在这种情况下，ST支持人类的智力和精神健康。我们讨论了我们的建议对ST及其潜在神经回路的理解的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic status and brain development: insights and theoretical perspectives on deficit, adaptation, and resilience 社会经济地位与大脑发育：关于缺陷、适应和恢复力的见解和理论观点

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101502

Renee Baysarowich , Rachelle Humes , Helly Goez , Jessica Remedios , Nicholas Denomey , Sophie DeCoste , Taylor Johansen , Amedeo D'Angiulli

The link between socioeconomic status (SES) and differences in brain structure, function, and development has been a major area of developmental social and cognitive neuroscience (DSCN) research. In such a context, much effort aimed at uncovering links between low SES and neurocognitive challenges or deficits. We identify the main theoretical DSCN frameworks from a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Then, we review support for each framework through a scoping ‘review of reviews’ and key papers therein. Finally, we explore implications and insights for interventions. Our review supports a balanced perspective not reducible to simple linear causal links involving individual children’s or parental deficits. Instead, it relates to complex social structure and nonlinear developmental processes exploiting vulnerability to promote adaptation and/or resilience. The present synthesis suggests that social public health programs at individual, family, and macrolevel can buffer the harmful associations between low SES and brain outcomes.

社会经济地位（SES）与大脑结构、功能和发育差异之间的联系一直是发展社会与认知神经科学（DSCN）研究的一个主要领域。在这样的背景下，许多努力旨在揭示低SES和神经认知挑战或缺陷之间的联系。我们从全面的文献计量分析中确定了主要的理论DSCN框架。然后，我们通过“审查的审查”和其中的关键论文的范围审查对每个框架的支持。最后，我们探讨了干预措施的含义和见解。我们的回顾支持一个平衡的观点，不能简化为涉及个别儿童或父母缺陷的简单线性因果关系。相反，它涉及复杂的社会结构和非线性发展过程，利用脆弱性来促进适应和/或恢复力。目前的综合研究表明，个人、家庭和宏观层面的社会公共卫生计划可以缓冲低社会经济地位与大脑预后之间的有害联系。

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Collective action impacts on climate change mitigation 集体行动对减缓气候变化的影响

IF 4.9 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101503

Nicole M Ardoin, Alison W Bowers

To address climate change, we need immediate and sustained collective action at multiple scales. In this short, narrative review, we examine recent research on collective action to mitigate climate change (referred to as collective climate action). We explore the conceptualization of climate change as a collective action problem and review documented interventions and outcomes. Although researchers have made progress in understanding what drives collective climate action, gaps remain in evaluating practical interventions and measuring long-term impacts. Opportunities exist for future interdisciplinary research to bridge individual and collective approaches, improve outcome measurement, and design interventions that can more effectively promote collective action to address climate change.

为应对气候变化，我们需要在多个层面立即采取持续的集体行动。在这篇简短的叙述性评论中，我们研究了最近关于减缓气候变化的集体行动（称为集体气候行动）的研究。我们将探讨气候变化作为一个集体行动问题的概念化，并审查记录在案的干预措施和结果。尽管研究人员在理解集体气候行动的驱动因素方面取得了进展，但在评估实际干预措施和衡量长期影响方面仍然存在差距。未来的跨学科研究有机会将个人和集体方法结合起来，改进结果测量，设计干预措施，更有效地促进应对气候变化的集体行动。

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