Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences最新文献

英文中文

Embracing the void: exploring the relationship between chronic loneliness and social touch 拥抱空虚：探索长期孤独与社会接触之间的关系

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101590

Julian Packheiser , Sebastian Ocklenburg , René Hurlemann , Dirk Scheele

Loneliness is a widespread experience, and its chronic form poses a significant risk for physical and mental health. Touch is a key modality of social interaction and has considerable health benefits across the lifespan. Touch-based interventions may serve as an effective method to alleviate loneliness. However, previous studies have yielded heterogenous results, with outcomes ranging from beneficial to detrimental effects in individuals experiencing loneliness. While methodological differences likely contribute to this inconsistency, a crucial factor, the chronicity of loneliness, has been largely overlooked. This review proposes a model in which the desire for social contact is enhanced during acute stages of loneliness. In contrast, chronic loneliness is associated with increased distrust and perceived social threat, potentially leading to reduced receptivity to touch. We argue that future research should account for the chronicity of loneliness when evaluating the efficacy of touch-based interventions, with experimental studies needed to empirically test this hypothesis.

孤独是一种普遍的体验，其慢性形式对身心健康构成重大风险。触摸是社会互动的一种关键方式，在整个生命周期中对健康有相当大的好处。基于触摸的干预措施可能是缓解孤独感的有效方法。然而，之前的研究得出了不同的结果，结果对经历孤独的个人有有益的也有有害的影响。虽然方法上的差异可能导致了这种不一致，但一个关键因素——孤独感的长期性——在很大程度上被忽视了。这篇综述提出了一个模型，在这个模型中，对社会接触的渴望在孤独的急性阶段得到增强。相比之下，长期的孤独与不信任的增加和感知到的社会威胁有关，这可能会导致对触摸的接受程度降低。我们认为，未来的研究应该在评估基于触摸的干预措施的有效性时考虑到孤独感的长期性，并需要通过实验研究对这一假设进行实证检验。

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引用次数: 0

Timescales of dopamine release in the striatum as a window into hierarchical control 纹状体中多巴胺释放的时间尺度作为分层控制的窗口

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101589

Amy C Gottschalk, Nicholas G Faturos, Arif A Hamid

The reinforcement learning community has made significant progress in understanding dopamine (DA) in reward learning, cognitive control, and motivation. Yet, little consensus remains about the functions of distinct DA bandwidths: fast phasic transients (milliseconds), ramps (seconds), and slow tonic shifts (minutes). Are these dynamics independent channels conveying distinct decision variables or temporal expressions of a unified DA computation? These questions lie at the heart of competing frameworks proposing divergent mechanisms for DA in reinforcement learning. This rift reflects not only conceptual disagreements but also the historical limitations of bandwidth-limited measurement tools. Emerging breakthroughs for wideband DA quantification promise rigorous testing of these theories. Here, we synthesize recent conceptual and technical advances and extend our prior proposals, suggesting that DA timescales reflect hierarchical control signals, emerging from perception of goal progress and distributed, circuit-level inference about policy efficacy where tonic DA represents the integration of goal alignment abstracted across planning horizons and control hierarchy.

强化学习界在理解多巴胺在奖励学习、认知控制和动机方面取得了重大进展。然而，对于不同的DA带宽的功能：快速相位瞬变（毫秒），斜坡（秒）和缓慢的tonic位移（分钟），几乎没有共识。这些动态独立的通道是否传达了不同的决策变量或统一数据处理计算的时间表达式？这些问题是为强化学习中的数据挖掘提出不同机制的竞争框架的核心。这种裂痕不仅反映了概念上的分歧，也反映了带宽有限的测量工具的历史局限性。宽带数据分析量化的新突破承诺对这些理论进行严格的测试。在这里，我们综合了最近的概念和技术进展，并扩展了我们之前的建议，表明数据处理时间尺度反映了层次控制信号，这些信号来自对目标进展的感知和对政策有效性的分布式、电路级推断，其中补补性数据处理代表了跨规划视野和控制层次抽象的目标一致性的整合。

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引用次数: 0

Current research trends in macro-level perspectives on loneliness in older adults 老年人孤独感宏观层面的研究现状

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101583

Fredrica Nyqvist , Laura Coll-Planas , Joanna McHugh Power

In this article, we review and categorize recent evidence exploring loneliness in older adults from a macro-level perspective to i) provide insights into current research and ii) propose future research directions. We categorize recent studies into three types: observational studies, intervention studies, and conceptual papers. Recent observational studies analyze loneliness using large European datasets such as SHARE, or harmonized datasets from other continents — mostly from a cross-sectional perspective, but also using longitudinal designs. In contrast, macro-level intervention studies are infrequent and mostly focused on the negative impact of COVID restrictive policies on loneliness. Current conceptual papers highlight the very need for macro-level perspectives and emphasize the importance of integrating these approaches into future research to more accurately identify etiological and sustaining factors shaping loneliness. Although macro-level causes of loneliness have been theoretically recognized, more empirical evidence confirming their role is needed.

在这篇文章中，我们从宏观的角度回顾和分类了最近关于老年人孤独的研究证据，以i)为当前的研究提供见解，ii)提出未来的研究方向。我们将最近的研究分为三种类型：观察性研究、干预研究和概念性论文。最近的观察性研究使用SHARE等大型欧洲数据集或来自其他大陆的统一数据集分析孤独感——主要是从横截面角度分析，但也使用纵向设计。相比之下，宏观层面的干预研究很少，而且主要集中在COVID限制政策对孤独感的负面影响上。目前的概念性论文强调了宏观层面视角的必要性，并强调了将这些方法整合到未来研究中的重要性，以更准确地识别形成孤独感的病因和持续因素。虽然孤独的宏观原因在理论上已经得到承认，但还需要更多的经验证据来证实它们的作用。

引用次数: 0

The default network and social cognition: new insights and future directions 默认网络与社会认知：新见解与未来方向

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101585

Danika Geisler, Meghan L Meyer

The default network is known to engage more strongly ‘by default’ during rest compared to many cognitive tasks. The network is also reliably associated with social cognition, suggesting some forms of social cognition may occur ‘by default’ during rest. The goal of this opinion piece is to review accumulating evidence suggesting the default network performs two social cognitive processes during rest: social guiding and social consolidation. Social guiding refers to the observation that the immediate brain state participants enter in the default network as soon as they rest shapes their immediately following social cognition and behavior. Social consolidation refers to the observation that after participants are exposed to new social information, the default network commits the social information to memory during rest. After reviewing findings in support of social guiding and social consolidation, we offer directions for new research on these topics.

与许多认知任务相比，默认网络在休息时的“默认”参与更强烈。该神经网络还与社会认知有可靠的联系，这表明某些形式的社会认知可能在休息时“默认”发生。这篇评论文章的目的是回顾越来越多的证据，这些证据表明默认网络在休息时执行两个社会认知过程：社会引导和社会巩固。社会引导是指观察到参与者在休息后立即进入默认网络的大脑状态，从而形成其立即跟随的社会认知和行为。社会巩固是指在参与者接触到新的社会信息后，默认网络在休息时将社会信息提交到记忆中。在回顾了支持社会引导和社会巩固的研究成果后，我们为这些主题的新研究提供了方向。

引用次数: 0

Psychological interventions for loneliness: a narrative review of recent findings and suggestions for future research 孤独感的心理干预：对近期研究结果的述评及对未来研究的建议

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101586

Milena Imwinkelried, Noëmi Seewer, Tobias Krieger

Loneliness is a widespread phenomenon with adverse effects on health. Among others, psychological interventions have emerged as promising approaches to alleviate loneliness. This narrative review critically synthesizes recent evidence on the efficacy and mechanisms of psychological interventions for loneliness, structured along Grawe’s stage model of intervention research. While psychological interventions generally show moderate to large effects, substantial heterogeneity, limited evidence on long-term outcomes, and underrepresentation of diverse populations remain challenges. Furthermore, progress in the field is hindered by inconsistent definitions, suboptimal reporting, limited process research, and further methodological challenges. Several key research priorities are proposed for the development, evaluation, and implementation of more effective and sustainable psychological interventions for loneliness.

孤独是一种普遍存在的现象，对健康有不利影响。其中，心理干预已经成为缓解孤独感的有希望的方法。这篇叙述性综述批判性地综合了最近关于孤独感心理干预的有效性和机制的证据，并根据Grawe的干预研究阶段模型进行了构建。虽然心理干预通常显示出中等到较大的效果，但实质性的异质性、关于长期结果的证据有限以及不同人群的代表性不足仍然是挑战。此外，不一致的定义、次优报告、有限的过程研究和进一步的方法挑战阻碍了该领域的进展。提出了几个关键的研究重点，以开发、评估和实施更有效和可持续的孤独感心理干预措施。

引用次数: 0

Occam’s razor misapplied: Pinpointing the role of the default mode network in creativity 奥卡姆剃刀被误用：指出默认模式网络在创造力中的作用

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101584

Anna Abraham

The parsimony principle, or Occam’s razor, holds that the simplest explanation for a phenomenon is often one that offers its best or most likely account. When it comes to explanations for the brain basis of creativity, the most dominant one in contemporary times emphasizes the key role played by the default mode network (DMN), where dynamic interactions between the DMN and other brain networks, particularly the executive cognition network (ECN), are proposed to facilitate creative ideation. In this opinion paper, I argue that while DMN–ECN brain dynamics appear to offer the simplest explanation (and therefore, to follow Occam’s dictum, the most likely explanation) for the brain basis for creativity, to reach such a conclusion is not warranted because of fundamental weaknesses inherent in the evidence at hand. Three major concerns in this field of research include vast variability in scoring methodology across studies, the imposition of blanket interpretations and conclusions despite heterogeneous findings, and the failure to account for or even acknowledge individuality in the study of the creative process. The veneer of narrative simplicity, then, is a result of glossing over differences, ignoring the internal perspective of the creating individual, and overlooking evidence that runs contrary to the dominant explanation. This is Occam’s razor misapplied.

简约原则，或奥卡姆剃刀，认为对一种现象最简单的解释往往是最好或最可能的解释。当谈到创造力的大脑基础的解释时，当代最主流的解释强调默认模式网络（DMN）所起的关键作用，其中提出DMN与其他大脑网络，特别是执行认知网络（ECN）之间的动态相互作用，以促进创造性思维。在这篇观点文章中，我认为，虽然DMN-ECN大脑动力学似乎为大脑的创造力基础提供了最简单的解释（因此，按照奥卡姆的格言，这是最可能的解释），但由于现有证据中固有的根本弱点，得出这样的结论是不合理的。这一研究领域的三个主要问题包括：不同研究的评分方法存在巨大差异；尽管研究结果不尽相同，但仍强制采用千篇一律的解释和结论；以及未能考虑甚至承认创造性过程研究中的个性。因此，简单叙事的表象是掩盖差异的结果，忽视了创造个体的内在视角，忽视了与主流解释相反的证据。这是奥卡姆剃刀的误用。

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引用次数: 0

My path from traditional to critical quantitative methods: integrating racial equity frameworks in quantitative research 我的路径从传统到关键的定量方法：整合种族平等框架在定量研究

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101578

Wendy Castillo

Although traditional quantitative approaches often reinforce the status quo (white supremacy), scholars dating back to W.E.B. Du Bois have also used them for justice to challenge racial and systemic inequities. This paper traces my personal journey from traditional (post)positivism quantitative methods to embracing critical methodologies, particularly those grounded in racial justice. I then highlight the transformative potential of emerging frameworks such as Quantitative Critical Race Theory (QuantCrit), Critical Structural Equation Modeling (CritSEM), Critical Race Mixed Methods (CRMM), and Justice-oriented Anti-racist Validation (JAV). These approaches not only challenge the biases embedded in quantitative research but also reimagine data collection, analysis, and interpretation to center justice. The paper concludes with a discussion on the future of critical quantitative methods, emphasizing the need for continued scholarship, methodological innovation, and training to institutionalize these approaches in research and policy.

尽管传统的定量方法往往会强化现状（白人至上主义），但早在W.E.B.杜波依斯（W.E.B. Du Bois）时代，学者们就已经用它们来寻求正义，挑战种族和体制上的不平等。本文追溯了我个人从传统（后）实证主义定量方法到拥抱批判方法的历程，特别是那些以种族正义为基础的方法。然后，我强调了新兴框架的变革潜力，如定量关键种族理论（QuantCrit）、关键结构方程建模（CritSEM）、关键种族混合方法（CRMM）和面向正义的反种族主义验证（JAV）。这些方法不仅挑战了定量研究中的偏见，而且重新构想了数据收集、分析和解释的中心正义。本文最后讨论了批判性定量方法的未来，强调需要持续的学术研究、方法创新和培训，以使这些方法在研究和政策中制度化。

引用次数: 0

Targeting replay and default mode network dynamics during rest in psychiatric disorders 精神疾病休息时的目标重放和默认模式网络动态

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101582

Jiahua Xu , Yunzhe Liu

The default mode network (DMN), a hallmark of spontaneous brain activity during rest, is altered in various psychiatric disorders and linked to cognitive deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and the development of targeted treatments has been challenging. Historically, resting-state research in psychiatry and task-based studies in cognitive neuroscience have progressed independently, limiting the translation of mechanistic insights into clinical practice. Recent advances in neural decoding methods, specifically those linking hippocampal replay to DMN activity during rest, have begun to bridge this gap. By probing the representations of resting brain activity in psychopathology research, we can more precisely characterise DMN-related dysfunction and uncover symptom-relevant mechanisms. These developments also lay the groundwork for targeted interventions: noninvasive neuromodulation techniques, such as transcranial focused ultrasound, can be used to test causal hypotheses and optimise therapeutic strategies. Together, these innovations offer a more integrated framework for understanding the DMN and improving psychiatric outcomes.

默认模式网络（DMN）是休息时自发大脑活动的标志，在各种精神疾病中发生改变，并与认知缺陷有关。然而，潜在的机制尚不清楚，靶向治疗的发展一直具有挑战性。从历史上看，精神病学的静息状态研究和认知神经科学的基于任务的研究都是独立发展的，这限制了将机制的见解转化为临床实践。神经解码方法的最新进展，特别是将休息时海马体回放与DMN活动联系起来的方法，已经开始弥合这一差距。通过在精神病理学研究中探索静息大脑活动的表征，我们可以更准确地表征dmn相关功能障碍并揭示症状相关机制。这些发展也为有针对性的干预奠定了基础：无创神经调节技术，如经颅聚焦超声，可用于检验因果假设和优化治疗策略。总之，这些创新为理解DMN和改善精神病学结果提供了一个更综合的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Theoretical and philosophical perspectives on race and racism in education 教育中种族和种族主义的理论和哲学观点

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101580

Liz Jackson

Among topics in educational theory and philosophy, race and racism have been extensively developed in recent years. Despite public contestation about the continued relevance of race, most scholars in educational philosophy and theory regard a deepening understanding of race and racism as critical to enhancing equity in the future. This review considers how race and racism have been conceptualized and theorized within educational research to benefit youth and society. First, it gives a global picture about how race has been and is conceived in educational and other social theory. It links scholarship on race and racism to important global phenomena related to white supremacy, imperialism and colonialism, and multiculturalism. Then it considers contemporary developments in the field for understanding and conceptualizing race. In the course, it is demonstrated how definitions and conceptions change and shift over time and across locations.

近年来，在教育理论和哲学的诸多课题中，种族和种族主义得到了广泛的发展。尽管公众对种族的持续相关性存在争议，但大多数教育哲学和理论学者都认为，加深对种族和种族主义的理解对于促进未来的公平至关重要。这篇综述考虑了种族和种族主义如何在教育研究中被概念化和理论化，以造福青年和社会。首先，它提供了一幅关于种族在教育和其他社会理论中是如何形成和被构想出来的全球图景。它将种族和种族主义的学术研究与与白人至上主义、帝国主义和殖民主义以及多元文化主义有关的重要全球现象联系起来。然后，它考虑了理解和概念化种族领域的当代发展。在课程中，它展示了定义和概念如何随着时间和地点的不同而变化和转移。

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Validity theory and validation of demographic self-report: a critical quantitative appraisal 人口学自我报告的效度理论与验证：一个关键的定量评估

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101577

Phillip A Boda

Advances in different approaches to critical quantitative statistics have been extensively used across various fields, with a wealth of empirical research illustrating applications and results. In education and other disciplines interested in disrupting White supremacy embodied across much of today’s policy and procedures, there is an increasing call to incorporate a diverse range of critical approaches to research methods. This pivoting aims to challenge the marginalization of subaltern ways of knowing, which has resulted in a tradition of reliance on (post-)positivist frameworks that limit the scope of research inference and validity. Critical psychometrics has become central in shaping our understanding of measurement, its accuracy, and the rationale behind approaches to code self-reported demographic categories as stable, fixed, and accurate estimates of oppression. This paper provides two mixed-methods survey study examples where these assumptions unsettle the notion that self-report demographics measure comparative indices of identity. Implications of this critical quantitative psychometric appraisal challenges the taken-for-granted nature of self-reported demographics; that is, these essentialized identity categories should be used to accurately and precisely compare differences between disability, race, class, gender, socioeconomic status, and educational background. With the validity theory behind this assumption challenged, this work provides a starting point, a stake in the ground, to pursue diverse methods to validate self-reports.

关键定量统计的不同方法的进步已被广泛应用于各个领域，并有大量的实证研究说明了应用和结果。在教育和其他对打破白人至上主义感兴趣的学科中，体现在今天的许多政策和程序中，越来越多的人呼吁将各种各样的批判性方法纳入研究方法。这种转向旨在挑战次要认知方式的边缘化，这种边缘化导致了依赖（后）实证主义框架的传统，限制了研究推断和有效性的范围。批判性心理测量学已经成为塑造我们对测量的理解的核心，它的准确性，以及将自我报告的人口统计类别编码为稳定、固定和准确的压迫估计的方法背后的基本原理。本文提供了两个混合方法的调查研究例子，这些假设动摇了自我报告人口统计测量身份比较指数的概念。这种关键的定量心理测量评估的含义挑战了自我报告人口统计学的理所当然的性质；也就是说，这些本质化的身份类别应该被用来准确、精确地比较残疾、种族、阶级、性别、社会经济地位和教育背景之间的差异。由于这一假设背后的有效性理论受到挑战，这项工作为追求各种方法来验证自我报告提供了一个起点，一个基础。

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