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Reflections on studying school segregation in Europe through community engagement and its connections with QuantCrit 通过社区参与研究欧洲学校隔离的思考及其与量化批判的联系
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101529
Òscar Prieto-Flores , Carles Serra, Mostafa Shaimi, Eila Prats-Brugat
The article addresses the challenges and opportunities of implementing the QuantCrit perspective in European contexts where ethnic and racial data are not collected. It highlights how knowledge production in Europe tends to ignore racism when analyzing school segregation, using nationality as an indicator, which masks institutional racism. Community-engaged research and the QuantCrit approach help to reveal inequalities produced by racism. The case study of Salt demonstrates how anti-segregation policies fail to consider ethnoracial origins, thus perpetuating segregation. The article concludes that it is essential to generate and use data that reflect discrimination and segregation dynamics in the educational system. The QuantCrit perspective is crucial for overcoming color blindness and creating strategies that highlight racial discrimination and privileges. By engaging with communities affected by racism, researchers can challenge the dominant analysis and contribute to a more equitable understanding of school segregation.
本文讨论了在没有收集民族和种族数据的欧洲背景下实施QuantCrit观点的挑战和机遇。它强调了欧洲的知识生产在分析学校隔离时往往忽略种族主义,使用国籍作为指标,这掩盖了制度性种族主义。社区参与的研究和QuantCrit方法有助于揭示种族主义造成的不平等。Salt的案例研究表明,反种族隔离政策如何未能考虑种族起源,从而使种族隔离永久化。文章的结论是,必须生成和使用反映教育系统中歧视和隔离动态的数据。QuantCrit的观点对于克服色盲和创造突出种族歧视和特权的战略至关重要。通过与受种族主义影响的社区接触,研究人员可以挑战主流分析,并有助于更公平地理解学校种族隔离。
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引用次数: 0
Embedding historical and contextual sensitivity in QuantCrit approaches to STEM identity research: implications for data collection and analysis techniques 在STEM身份研究的QuantCrit方法中嵌入历史和上下文敏感性:对数据收集和分析技术的影响
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101530
Heidi Cian , Remy Dou , Chris Irwin
In this review, we build on accelerating interest in measuring and supporting ‘STEM identity’ in research, policy, and practice to consider how approaches to measurement and analysis could disrupt or perpetuate established marginalizing expectations of identifying as a STEM person. We discuss how guidance such as QuantCrit can inform conscious deviations from well-worn methodological paths. We contrast this approach with traditional outcome comparisons between those subjected to racist, sexist, classist, nativist, and ableist marginalization and those supported by the same structures. By situating this discussion in STEM identity, we explore what it means to critically measure and model a construct that ostensibly can broaden participation in STEM but which also offers a theoretical explanation for why marginalization persists. We offer recommendations, particularly encouraging STEM identity researchers such as ourselves to reconsider approaches to survey design.
在这篇综述中,我们以加速在研究、政策和实践中测量和支持“STEM身份”的兴趣为基础,考虑测量和分析的方法如何破坏或延续对STEM人员身份的既定边缘化期望。我们将讨论诸如QuantCrit之类的指导如何告知人们有意识地偏离陈旧的方法路径。我们将这种方法与传统的结果比较进行了对比,对比对象是那些遭受种族主义、性别歧视、阶级歧视、本土主义和残疾主义边缘化的人,以及那些受到相同结构支持的人。通过将这一讨论置于STEM身份中,我们探索了批判性地测量和建模一种结构的意义,这种结构表面上可以扩大STEM的参与,但也为边缘化持续存在的原因提供了理论解释。我们提供建议,特别是鼓励像我们这样的STEM身份研究人员重新考虑调查设计方法。
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引用次数: 0
Act natural: a review of new methods for assessing dopamine’s role in natural behavior 自然行为:评估多巴胺在自然行为中的作用的新方法综述
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101532
Jeffrey E. Markowitz
In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), loss of the key neurochemical dopamine (DA) in the basal ganglia leads to movements that are both more difficult to initiate and, once initiated, less vigorous. Yet, despite the robust link between basal ganglia DA loss and movement-related symptoms in PD, a mechanistic picture relating movement patterns with DA release has yet to emerge. We contend that one key hurdle in understanding this relationship is technical. Historically, the field has lacked the tools to easily resolve moment-to-moment changes in DA concentration across key brain structures while also capturing and quantifying fluid, naturalistic movements in freely behaving animals. In this review, we focus on recent technical advances that have fueled this type of experiment and how they have informed our understanding of DA’s role in natural behavior.
在帕金森病(PD)患者中,基底神经节中关键神经化学物质多巴胺(DA)的缺失会导致运动更难以启动,而且一旦启动,就会变得不那么有力。然而,尽管基底节区DA丢失与PD的运动相关症状之间存在强大的联系,但运动模式与DA释放相关的机制尚未出现。我们认为,理解这种关系的一个关键障碍是技术上的。从历史上看,该领域缺乏工具来轻松解决关键大脑结构中DA浓度的实时变化,同时捕获和量化自由行为动物的流体,自然运动。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了最近的技术进步,这些技术进步推动了这类实验,以及它们如何使我们了解DA在自然行为中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Positivity and collective climate action 积极和集体气候行动
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101527
Claudia R Schneider
Climate change and environmental degradation are amongst the most pressing issues facing humankind of our time. Concerted collective action is needed to tackle them. This includes a range of domains and behaviours from the support of pro-environmental policies to climate activism. Much research has highlighted the important role that a positive approach to climate messaging and communication can have on individual behaviour. Taking this promising line of research forward, this review examines the role of positivity in collective climate action. I first delineate the terms collective action and positivity as used in this review. I then summarise recent empirical findings at the intersection of positivity and collective climate action, organised by the type of positivity-related concept investigated. These are, in particular, hope, efficacy, and positive future visions. Finally, I offer suggestions for future research to stimulate further investigation into the promising role of positivity for collective climate action in the years ahead.
气候变化和环境退化是当今人类面临的最紧迫问题之一。需要采取协调一致的集体行动来解决这些问题。这包括从支持环保政策到气候行动主义的一系列领域和行为。许多研究都强调了积极的气候信息和沟通方法对个人行为的重要作用。为了推进这一有希望的研究方向,本综述探讨了积极性在集体气候行动中的作用。我首先概述了本文中使用的集体行动和积极性这两个术语。然后,我总结了最近在积极性和集体气候行动的交叉点上的实证发现,按所调查的积极性相关概念的类型组织。特别是希望、功效和积极的未来愿景。最后,我对未来的研究提出了建议,以激发对未来几年集体气候行动的积极作用的进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Climate change and opinion dynamics models: Linking individual, social, and institutional level changes 气候变化和舆论动态模型:连接个人、社会和制度层面的变化
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101528
Yoon Ah Shin , Sara M. Constantino , Brian Beckage , Katherine Lacasse
Opinion dynamics models are increasingly used to understand changes in opinions, behaviors, and policy in the context of climate change. We review recent research that demonstrates how these models enable the linkages between individual, social, institutional, and biophysical factors to explain when and how social change emerges over time and what its impact might be on emissions and the climate system. We focus on applications of opinion dynamics models to climate change and describe how factors interact in those models to create feedback loops that reinforce or dampen change. We demonstrate how these models reveal the dynamics of consensus or polarization in climate opinions, the evolution of sustainability technologies and policies, and when and how interventions or negotiations related to climate change are likely to succeed or fail.
意见动态模型越来越多地用于理解气候变化背景下意见、行为和政策的变化。我们回顾了最近的研究,这些研究展示了这些模型如何使个人、社会、制度和生物物理因素之间的联系能够解释社会变化何时以及如何随着时间的推移而出现,以及它对排放和气候系统的影响。我们专注于意见动态模型在气候变化中的应用,并描述了这些模型中的因素如何相互作用,以创建加强或抑制变化的反馈循环。我们展示了这些模型如何揭示气候观点共识或两极分化的动态,可持续发展技术和政策的演变,以及与气候变化相关的干预或谈判何时以及如何可能成功或失败。
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引用次数: 0
Social norms and loneliness 社会规范与孤独
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101508
Luzia C Heu
Social norms — as defining features of culture — seem to influence how lonely people feel and what they feel lonely for. For one, social norms can affect the prevalence of loneliness risks (i.e. how common certain risks are). The more common one-person households are, for example, the more prevalent the loneliness risk of social isolation becomes. Furthermore, social norms can influence the predictive strength of loneliness risks (i.e. how strongly they are associated with loneliness) — for instance, by determining which characteristics people are socially sanctioned for (e.g. homosexuality, shyness) or which relationship characteristics they feel dissatisfied with. The more common it is to be in a partnership, for example, the more strongly singlehood may predict relationship dissatisfaction and, thus, loneliness. This review summarizes theorizing and the scarce empirical evidence about the influence of social norms on loneliness, suggesting a need for context-specific rather than one-size-fits-all interventions.
社会规范——作为文化的定义特征——似乎会影响人们的孤独感以及他们感到孤独的原因。首先,社会规范会影响孤独风险的普遍程度(即某些风险有多普遍)。例如,一个人的家庭越普遍,社会孤立的孤独风险就越普遍。此外,社会规范可以影响孤独风险的预测强度(即它们与孤独的关联程度)——例如,通过确定人们因哪些特征而受到社会认可(例如同性恋、害羞),或者他们对哪些关系特征感到不满意。例如,在伴侣关系中越常见,单身就越可能预示着对关系的不满,从而导致孤独。这篇综述总结了社会规范对孤独影响的理论和缺乏经验证据,表明需要针对具体情况而不是一刀切的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
The Default Mode Network and inner time consciousness 默认模式网络与内在时间意识
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101524
Georg Northoff , Andrea Buccellato , Bianca Ventura
The default mode network (DMN) exhibits distinct dynamic and topographic features relative to the brain’s other networks, yet their link to consciousness remains unclear. We review both neural (DMN-based topography and dynamics) and mental (experience of time speed, mental time travel, and self-non-self) findings across diverse nonordinary states of consciousness, including reduced (anesthesia, Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome), elevated (meditation and, to some degree, psychedelics), and abnormal (depression, mania) consciousness. Both reduced and elevated states are featured by topographic ‘flattening’ of the brain’s DMN-centric organization while they differ in their dynamics, that is, longer versus shorter timescales. A neural continuum emerges with different degrees of DMN-centric topography along its extremes: from heightened DMN-centric re-organization in depression, over flattened configurations in psychedelics and meditation, to heightened sensorimotor-centric re-organization in mania. This neural continuum parallels a mental continuum along different balances within inner time consciousness, including slow versus fast time speed, past–present–future (mental time travel) and self versus non-self/other. In conclusion, we propose novel neurophenomenological hypotheses about the intrinsic relationship (‘complex correspondence’) of the brain’s DMN-centred topography and dynamics with inner time consciousness.
相对于大脑的其他网络,默认模式网络(DMN)表现出不同的动态和地形特征,但它们与意识的联系尚不清楚。我们回顾了神经(基于dmn的地形和动力学)和精神(时间速度、精神时间旅行和自我非自我的体验)在不同的非正常意识状态下的发现,包括减少(麻醉、无反应觉醒综合征)、提高(冥想和某种程度上的迷幻剂)和异常(抑郁、躁狂)意识。降低状态和升高状态的特征都是大脑dmn中心组织的地形“扁平化”,而它们的动态不同,即更长与更短的时间尺度。神经连续体呈现出不同程度的以dmn为中心的地形,沿着其极端:从抑郁症中dmn中心的高度重组,迷幻剂和冥想中过于扁平的结构,到躁狂中感觉运动中心的高度重组。这种神经连续体与内在时间意识中不同平衡的精神连续体平行,包括慢速与快速、过去-现在-未来(精神时间旅行)和自我与非自我/他者。总之,我们提出了关于大脑以dmn为中心的地形和动态与内在时间意识的内在关系(“复杂对应”)的新的神经现象学假设。
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引用次数: 0
The adaptive value of behavioral inhibition 行为抑制的适应价值
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101523
Rodrigo Sosa
To effectively pursue goals, agents often must learn how approaching their goals feels to streamline their path. When finally reaching an actual goal, the sensory cues experienced immediately before become new targets for the agent’s future pursuits. Even if adaptively sound, this process has its drawbacks. Cues regularly paired with goals but occasionally leading to diverting paths can trap agents in systematic setbacks, ultimately undermining goal attainment — a phenomenon known as proxy failure. These misleading cues constitute an evolutionary pressure potentially driving the emergence of supporting mechanisms to disengage from counterproductive pursuits. Behavioral inhibition — the capacity to suppress an otherwise occurring action — is a suitable candidate for this role, and, importantly, it can be materialized through different execution pathways. The present paper explores a plausible environmental constraint leading to proxy failure through simulation and demonstrates how a simple implementation of behavioral inhibition can rescue effective goal pursuit.
为了有效地追求目标,代理通常必须了解如何接近他们的目标,以简化他们的路径。当最终达到一个实际目标时,在此之前体验到的感官线索就会成为智能体未来追求的新目标。即使是自适应的声音,这个过程也有它的缺点。线索经常与目标配对,但偶尔会导致偏离路径,这可能会使代理人陷入系统性挫折,最终破坏目标的实现——这种现象被称为代理失败。这些误导性的线索构成了一种进化压力,潜在地推动了支持机制的出现,以摆脱适得其反的追求。行为抑制——抑制其他行为的能力——是这个角色的合适人选,重要的是,它可以通过不同的执行途径实现。本文通过模拟探讨了一种可能导致代理失败的环境约束,并证明了行为抑制的简单实施如何挽救有效的目标追求。
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引用次数: 0
Linking social deprivation and loneliness to right-extreme radicalization and extremist antifeminism 将社会贫困和孤独与右翼极端激进主义和极端反女权主义联系起来
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101525
Alexander Langenkamp
A small yet increasing number of studies explored the association between loneliness and other indicators of social deprivation and radicalization of political attitudes. This paper reviews the related empirical evidence, provides a brief overview of the suspected mechanisms linking deprivation to radicalization, and discusses new developments in two related research areas: electoral support for radical right-extreme parties and radicalization of individuals with a special focus on extremist antifeminist radicalization.
少数但越来越多的研究探讨了孤独与社会剥夺和政治态度激进化的其他指标之间的联系。本文回顾了相关的经验证据,简要概述了贫困与激进化之间的可能机制,并讨论了两个相关研究领域的新进展:激进右翼极端政党的选举支持和个人激进化,特别关注极端反女权主义激进化。
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引用次数: 0
Control at the heart of life: a philosophical review of perceptual control theory 控制在生命的核心:知觉控制理论的哲学回顾
IF 4.9 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101526
Tom Cochrane , Matthew J Nestor
Perceptual-control theory offers a physically reductive way to account for teleology or goal-directedness, ranging from the initial emergence of life to creatures capable of regulating their own consciousness. This broad framework motivates key aspects of the perceptual-control model including the flexibility of behaviour, the hierarchy of aims or values, and the links between control and affective states. In this way, perceptual control theory integrates the psychological constants of representation, evaluation, and action.
感知-控制理论为解释目的论或目标导向性提供了一种物理还原方法,其范围从生命的最初出现到能够调节自身意识的生物。这一广泛的框架激发了感知控制模型的关键方面,包括行为的灵活性、目标或价值的层次以及控制与情感状态之间的联系。通过这种方式,知觉控制理论整合了表征、评价和行动等心理常量。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
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