Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220414
Giliard S Correia, J. V. A. Araújo Filho, W. G. D. Silva, R. Moccellin, F. V. Resende, J. Pinheiro, P. D. S. Grinberg, C. Gomes
ABSTRACT The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is one of the main problems which affects garlic crop in Brazil; however, information on the host status of the crop to the pathogen is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the host status of 11 garlic genotypes to Ditylenchus dipsaci and their productivity in experiments conducted under controlled conditions and in the field. In a greenhouse, diverse genetic materials were evaluated for nematode reproduction factor (RF). At the same time, the nematode reproduction, damage caused and productivity of these same genotypes were evaluated in an area naturally infested. In the greenhouse, ‘AM-PC Farias’, ‘Quitéria’, ‘BRS Hozan’, ‘Peruano’, ‘Chonan’ and ‘Moz 114’ were resistant; and, under field conditions, in these same genotypes, the nematode showed the lowest rates of reproduction in the soil (RF= 0.2 to 10.77) and in the tissues (1 to 3,893 specimens/plant), and there were the lowest percentages of symptomatic (0 to 48.66%) and dead (4.17 to 19.57%) plants. Higher productivities (4.32 to 11.05 t/ha) and bulb weight (13.12 to 58.63 g) were obtained with ‘AM-PC Farias’, ‘Quitéria’ and ‘AM-Erenice’; however, only in ‘AM-PC Farias’ and in ‘BRS Hozan’ we observed lower population levels of D. dipsaci in bulb peels (110 and 0.1 specimens/g, respectively).
{"title":"Reaction of garlic genotypes to Ditylenchus dipsaci and aspects related to productivity in a naturally infested area","authors":"Giliard S Correia, J. V. A. Araújo Filho, W. G. D. Silva, R. Moccellin, F. V. Resende, J. Pinheiro, P. D. S. Grinberg, C. Gomes","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is one of the main problems which affects garlic crop in Brazil; however, information on the host status of the crop to the pathogen is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the host status of 11 garlic genotypes to Ditylenchus dipsaci and their productivity in experiments conducted under controlled conditions and in the field. In a greenhouse, diverse genetic materials were evaluated for nematode reproduction factor (RF). At the same time, the nematode reproduction, damage caused and productivity of these same genotypes were evaluated in an area naturally infested. In the greenhouse, ‘AM-PC Farias’, ‘Quitéria’, ‘BRS Hozan’, ‘Peruano’, ‘Chonan’ and ‘Moz 114’ were resistant; and, under field conditions, in these same genotypes, the nematode showed the lowest rates of reproduction in the soil (RF= 0.2 to 10.77) and in the tissues (1 to 3,893 specimens/plant), and there were the lowest percentages of symptomatic (0 to 48.66%) and dead (4.17 to 19.57%) plants. Higher productivities (4.32 to 11.05 t/ha) and bulb weight (13.12 to 58.63 g) were obtained with ‘AM-PC Farias’, ‘Quitéria’ and ‘AM-Erenice’; however, only in ‘AM-PC Farias’ and in ‘BRS Hozan’ we observed lower population levels of D. dipsaci in bulb peels (110 and 0.1 specimens/g, respectively).","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48471729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220406
M. Magnani, J. Cardoso
ABSTRACT The populations of Melocactus zehntneri 'chapéu-de-frade' have shown an alarming decline due to the constant withdrawal of individuals from their natural areas. The low percentage of germination of M. zehntneri seeds, added to the slow growth, requires a system for commercial propagation of this species. This study aimed to test the influence of water, hydrochloric acid or acetic acid pre-treatments on seed germination and the influence of different substrates on the initial development of M. zehntneri seedlings. The seeds were immersed in deionized water, hydrochloric acid (5N) or glacial acetic acid (100%) for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes and placed to germinate in a Petri dish containing filter paper moistened with 5 mL deionized water. The seedlings obtained from this germination (≡ 0.4 cm diameter) were cultivated on Carolina Soil® and vermiculite [2:1] substrates; Carolina Soil® and vermiculite [2:1] + drainage; medium-grained sand; medium-grained sand + drainage; medium-grained sand and organic compost [1:1]; medium-grained sand and organic compost [1:1] + drainage; and Carolina Soil® and medium-grained sand [1:1]. The highest percentage of germination was obtained with the pre-treatment by immersion in water, in the times of 10 and 30 minutes, totaling 55% of germinated seeds. Treatments with hydrochloric acid did not increase the percentage of germinated seeds, which were also close to 50%. In the test with the substrates, in Carolina Soil® there were the best rates of seedling survival after transplanting (87.5%) and seedling development performance. Treatments containing organic compost resulted in lower survival (69%) and seedling development. Seed germination and seedling development in Carolina Soil® substrate and sand proved to be an excellent alternative for the production of M. zehntneri seedlings.
{"title":"Seed germination and substrates for seedlings cultivation of Melocactus zehntneri","authors":"M. Magnani, J. Cardoso","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220406","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The populations of Melocactus zehntneri 'chapéu-de-frade' have shown an alarming decline due to the constant withdrawal of individuals from their natural areas. The low percentage of germination of M. zehntneri seeds, added to the slow growth, requires a system for commercial propagation of this species. This study aimed to test the influence of water, hydrochloric acid or acetic acid pre-treatments on seed germination and the influence of different substrates on the initial development of M. zehntneri seedlings. The seeds were immersed in deionized water, hydrochloric acid (5N) or glacial acetic acid (100%) for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes and placed to germinate in a Petri dish containing filter paper moistened with 5 mL deionized water. The seedlings obtained from this germination (≡ 0.4 cm diameter) were cultivated on Carolina Soil® and vermiculite [2:1] substrates; Carolina Soil® and vermiculite [2:1] + drainage; medium-grained sand; medium-grained sand + drainage; medium-grained sand and organic compost [1:1]; medium-grained sand and organic compost [1:1] + drainage; and Carolina Soil® and medium-grained sand [1:1]. The highest percentage of germination was obtained with the pre-treatment by immersion in water, in the times of 10 and 30 minutes, totaling 55% of germinated seeds. Treatments with hydrochloric acid did not increase the percentage of germinated seeds, which were also close to 50%. In the test with the substrates, in Carolina Soil® there were the best rates of seedling survival after transplanting (87.5%) and seedling development performance. Treatments containing organic compost resulted in lower survival (69%) and seedling development. Seed germination and seedling development in Carolina Soil® substrate and sand proved to be an excellent alternative for the production of M. zehntneri seedlings.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45261795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220408
L. Pereira, J. C. Saad, A. Cardoso, Verônica Andressa de Castro, C. G. Lima, E. M. D. Silva
ABSTRACT Determining the amount of nutrients accumulated by crops is an important tool for defining the order in which nutrients are taken up and required. However, the order and amount of accumulated nutrients vary depending on the genetic characteristics of the cultivars, climatic conditions, fertilization, soil and management systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation management strategies and doses of nitrogen (N) fertigation on the content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients and the N use efficiency in mini romaine lettuce “Astorga” cultivated in a protected environment, in two consecutive crop cycles. The treatments consisted of three irrigation strategies: continuous irrigation (Cont), intermittent irrigation, with three fractions a day, at 1-hour intervals (Int1); intermittent irrigation, with three fractions a day, at 4-hour intervals (Int2) and two nitrogen doses (100 and 130 kg/ha N), in daily fertigation. Intermittent irrigation management strategies (Int1 and Int2) increased the contents and accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn and Zn. The dose of 130 kg/ha N only increased the content and accumulation of P and Mn in the first and second cycles, respectively. In general, lettuce accumulated macronutrients in the following decreasing order: K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S, whereas micronutrients followed the order Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu. The treatments Int1, Int2 and 100 kg/ha N optimized the N use efficiency.
{"title":"Nutrient content and accumulation in mini lettuce as a function of fertigation management strategies","authors":"L. Pereira, J. C. Saad, A. Cardoso, Verônica Andressa de Castro, C. G. Lima, E. M. D. Silva","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Determining the amount of nutrients accumulated by crops is an important tool for defining the order in which nutrients are taken up and required. However, the order and amount of accumulated nutrients vary depending on the genetic characteristics of the cultivars, climatic conditions, fertilization, soil and management systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation management strategies and doses of nitrogen (N) fertigation on the content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients and the N use efficiency in mini romaine lettuce “Astorga” cultivated in a protected environment, in two consecutive crop cycles. The treatments consisted of three irrigation strategies: continuous irrigation (Cont), intermittent irrigation, with three fractions a day, at 1-hour intervals (Int1); intermittent irrigation, with three fractions a day, at 4-hour intervals (Int2) and two nitrogen doses (100 and 130 kg/ha N), in daily fertigation. Intermittent irrigation management strategies (Int1 and Int2) increased the contents and accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn and Zn. The dose of 130 kg/ha N only increased the content and accumulation of P and Mn in the first and second cycles, respectively. In general, lettuce accumulated macronutrients in the following decreasing order: K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S, whereas micronutrients followed the order Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu. The treatments Int1, Int2 and 100 kg/ha N optimized the N use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48334265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220401
T. G. Eisele, L. Constantino, R. M. Giacomin, D. Zeffa, Carlos HJ Suzuki, L. S. Gonçalves
ABSTRACT Grape and cherry mini tomatoes have been conquering Brazilian consumers due to their sweet taste, practicality of consumption, and versatility in culinary use. Therefore, the present work aimed to characterize ten grape tomato hybrids based on genetic diversity and physical and biochemical traits to provide information for the development of new genotypes focused on the appearance and enrichment of nutritional factors. The evaluated hybrids were Aiko, BRSIG, BRS Zamir, Carolina, Dolcetto, Dulce, Guaraci, Santa West, SCI-023 and Sweet Heaven. The experiment was conducted in 2019 in a greenhouse at the State University of Londrina, using a completely randomized design with four replications and six plants in each replication. The plants were grown following the practices recommended for cultivating tomatoes. The physical and biochemical characterization data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test (p<0.05) and Scott & Knott means cluster test (p<0.05), and the molecular characterization data were subjected to analysis of principal coordinates (PCoA) and Bayesian clustering. Aiko presented the highest fruit mass and size as opposed to that observed on SCI-023, while BRSIG was the firmest fruit with the largest pericarp thickness. SCI-023, Dolcetto, and Sweet Heaven had higher sugar content. The soluble solids content ranged from 6.04 to 9.66 °Brix among the genotypes. Hybrids SCI-023, BRSIG, Sweet Heaven, BRS Zamir, and Dulce had the highest antioxidant activity levels. In the phenotypic characterization two groups were formed. The genotypic characterization showed seven groups in which high genetic similarity was verified among BRS Zamir, SCI-023, and Guaraci, as well as between Carolina and Dulce. The greatest dissimilarity was observed between Sweet Heaven and BRSIG. Both characterizations were useful to evaluate the aptitude of these genotypes as outstanding genitors for breeding programs for the Brazilian market.
{"title":"Genotyping and phenotyping of grape tomato hybrids aiming at possible genitors for breeding program","authors":"T. G. Eisele, L. Constantino, R. M. Giacomin, D. Zeffa, Carlos HJ Suzuki, L. S. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grape and cherry mini tomatoes have been conquering Brazilian consumers due to their sweet taste, practicality of consumption, and versatility in culinary use. Therefore, the present work aimed to characterize ten grape tomato hybrids based on genetic diversity and physical and biochemical traits to provide information for the development of new genotypes focused on the appearance and enrichment of nutritional factors. The evaluated hybrids were Aiko, BRSIG, BRS Zamir, Carolina, Dolcetto, Dulce, Guaraci, Santa West, SCI-023 and Sweet Heaven. The experiment was conducted in 2019 in a greenhouse at the State University of Londrina, using a completely randomized design with four replications and six plants in each replication. The plants were grown following the practices recommended for cultivating tomatoes. The physical and biochemical characterization data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test (p<0.05) and Scott & Knott means cluster test (p<0.05), and the molecular characterization data were subjected to analysis of principal coordinates (PCoA) and Bayesian clustering. Aiko presented the highest fruit mass and size as opposed to that observed on SCI-023, while BRSIG was the firmest fruit with the largest pericarp thickness. SCI-023, Dolcetto, and Sweet Heaven had higher sugar content. The soluble solids content ranged from 6.04 to 9.66 °Brix among the genotypes. Hybrids SCI-023, BRSIG, Sweet Heaven, BRS Zamir, and Dulce had the highest antioxidant activity levels. In the phenotypic characterization two groups were formed. The genotypic characterization showed seven groups in which high genetic similarity was verified among BRS Zamir, SCI-023, and Guaraci, as well as between Carolina and Dulce. The greatest dissimilarity was observed between Sweet Heaven and BRSIG. Both characterizations were useful to evaluate the aptitude of these genotypes as outstanding genitors for breeding programs for the Brazilian market.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41251162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220410
J. M. Goulart, J. A. Espindola, J. G. Guerra, Janaína RC Rouws, Selenobaldo AC de Sant’Anna, E. Araújo
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate, in three consecutive cycles, the phytotechnical performance of herbaceous fabaceous plants cultivated in monocropping or intercropped with corn and the pumpkin productivity in succession. The statistical design was of randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement 2 (monocropping or intercropping) x 3 (fabaceous species) + 1 (corn monocropping). The treatments consisted of gray velvet bean monocropping; gray velvet bean intercropped with corn; sunn hemp monocropping; sunn hemp intercropped with corn; jack bean monocropping; jack bean intercropped with corn and corn monocropping. After cutting the fabaceous and corn, Itapuã 301 pumpkin cultivar was planted. The authors verified that fabaceous monocropping reached higher dry biomass productivities, especially sunn hemp in the first and second years and provided greater accumulation of N, P and K. In the first year, fabaceous pre-cropping, regardless of the arrangement, provided an increase in pumpkin productivity up to 165.87% higher comparing with corn pre-cropping, whereas in the second and third years, no pumpkin production associated with corn monocropping was observed. The three Fabaceae species showed potential to be used as green manure in pumpkin growing when compared with corn pre-cropping.
{"title":"Green manure with fabaceous species in monoculture or intercropped with corn in the organic cultivation of pumpkin in succession","authors":"J. M. Goulart, J. A. Espindola, J. G. Guerra, Janaína RC Rouws, Selenobaldo AC de Sant’Anna, E. Araújo","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate, in three consecutive cycles, the phytotechnical performance of herbaceous fabaceous plants cultivated in monocropping or intercropped with corn and the pumpkin productivity in succession. The statistical design was of randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement 2 (monocropping or intercropping) x 3 (fabaceous species) + 1 (corn monocropping). The treatments consisted of gray velvet bean monocropping; gray velvet bean intercropped with corn; sunn hemp monocropping; sunn hemp intercropped with corn; jack bean monocropping; jack bean intercropped with corn and corn monocropping. After cutting the fabaceous and corn, Itapuã 301 pumpkin cultivar was planted. The authors verified that fabaceous monocropping reached higher dry biomass productivities, especially sunn hemp in the first and second years and provided greater accumulation of N, P and K. In the first year, fabaceous pre-cropping, regardless of the arrangement, provided an increase in pumpkin productivity up to 165.87% higher comparing with corn pre-cropping, whereas in the second and third years, no pumpkin production associated with corn monocropping was observed. The three Fabaceae species showed potential to be used as green manure in pumpkin growing when compared with corn pre-cropping.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44666149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220413
Dislaine Becker, D. Paulus, L. C. Bosco
ABSTRACT To reduce the risks associated with the production of gladiolus flowers in the climatic conditions of southwestern Paraná, Brazil, this study characterized the growth, development, and floral stem quality of plants cultivated under different-colored shade nets and mulching in four growing seasons. The gladiolus cultivar ‘White Goddess’ was grown in beds with and without mulching in the soil. Three shade nets individually stained black, silver and red all with 35% shading, were used in this study, and an additional treatment (control) in which plants were grown in full sun. Growth (LAI and height), development (cycle in days, and degree-days), and flower quality (size and stem damage) were evaluated in eight plants in each treatment. Plants were distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (season x mulching x shade screen). The cycle ranged from 66 to 89 days and 1732 to 1268°C day. The mean difference of the cycle between treatments was 3 days. Less floral stem damage happened under silver net and was more in full sun. The shading net associated with mulching favored the growth characteristics of the plants, and in autumn, the flowers had the highest quality standard.
{"title":"Growth, development and quality of gladiolus ‘White Goddess’: season, shade net, and mulching","authors":"Dislaine Becker, D. Paulus, L. C. Bosco","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To reduce the risks associated with the production of gladiolus flowers in the climatic conditions of southwestern Paraná, Brazil, this study characterized the growth, development, and floral stem quality of plants cultivated under different-colored shade nets and mulching in four growing seasons. The gladiolus cultivar ‘White Goddess’ was grown in beds with and without mulching in the soil. Three shade nets individually stained black, silver and red all with 35% shading, were used in this study, and an additional treatment (control) in which plants were grown in full sun. Growth (LAI and height), development (cycle in days, and degree-days), and flower quality (size and stem damage) were evaluated in eight plants in each treatment. Plants were distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (season x mulching x shade screen). The cycle ranged from 66 to 89 days and 1732 to 1268°C day. The mean difference of the cycle between treatments was 3 days. Less floral stem damage happened under silver net and was more in full sun. The shading net associated with mulching favored the growth characteristics of the plants, and in autumn, the flowers had the highest quality standard.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49202452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220404
A. Cardoso, L. F. Colombari, Gustavo F Silva, P. P. N. Chaves, Bianca B Nogueira, F. Putti
ABSTRACT Calcium and boron are important nutrients in pollen grain formation and seed production. As they are little mobile in plants, it is common to be supplied via foliar application. The objective of this research was to evaluate the production and quality of sweet pepper seeds with calcium and boron application directed to flowers and fruits. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with seven replications. Four treatments were evaluated: isolated calcium (0.2%) application, isolated boron (0.1%) application, combined application of calcium (0.2%) and boron (0.1%), and the control without calcium and without boron. The characteristics evaluated were number of pollen grains, number of seeds per fruit; 1000 seed weight; physiological quality of seeds (germination, first germination count, and germination speed index) and protein (albumin, globulin, prolamine and glutelin) contents in seeds. Both the application of calcium and boron did not affect the physiological quality of the seeds. Boron application reduced seed production and the 1000 seed weight, while calcium application increased the number of pollen grains, seed production and seed albumin content, and, therefore, the application of calcium in the production of sweet pepper seeds is recommended.
{"title":"Calcium and boron foliar application in the production and quality of sweet pepper seeds","authors":"A. Cardoso, L. F. Colombari, Gustavo F Silva, P. P. N. Chaves, Bianca B Nogueira, F. Putti","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Calcium and boron are important nutrients in pollen grain formation and seed production. As they are little mobile in plants, it is common to be supplied via foliar application. The objective of this research was to evaluate the production and quality of sweet pepper seeds with calcium and boron application directed to flowers and fruits. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with seven replications. Four treatments were evaluated: isolated calcium (0.2%) application, isolated boron (0.1%) application, combined application of calcium (0.2%) and boron (0.1%), and the control without calcium and without boron. The characteristics evaluated were number of pollen grains, number of seeds per fruit; 1000 seed weight; physiological quality of seeds (germination, first germination count, and germination speed index) and protein (albumin, globulin, prolamine and glutelin) contents in seeds. Both the application of calcium and boron did not affect the physiological quality of the seeds. Boron application reduced seed production and the 1000 seed weight, while calcium application increased the number of pollen grains, seed production and seed albumin content, and, therefore, the application of calcium in the production of sweet pepper seeds is recommended.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49602852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220402
Jessilanne Plinia BM Costa, F. A. Oliveira, S. T. Santos, Mychelle KT Oliveira, Isabelly CS Marques, C. J. X. Cordeiro, Helena M Morais Neta Góis
ABSTRACT Potassium fertigation may be a strategy to reduce saline stress in okra. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of potassium supplementation as a salinity-attenuating agent in okra. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, in Mossoró-RN, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in 2x5 factorial scheme with 4 replicates. Two okra cultivars (Santa Cruz 47 and Valença) fertigated with five fertigation managements [F1= irrigation with non-saline water (0.55 dS/m) and fertigation with a standard dose of potassium (6 g/plant); F2= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 6 g/plant of K, F3= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 9 g/plant of K, F4= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 12 g/plant of K, and F5= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 15 g/plant of K]. Plants were collected 110 days after emergence and evaluated for growth variables (leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, total dry mass) and yield (fruit number, average fruit mass and fruit production). Potassium influenced the growth and yield characteristics of okra irrigated with saline water. The highest yields of fruits occurred at 9.56 and 10.23 g/plant of K, being 330.24 and 733.36 g/plant obtained from cultivars Santa Cruz 47 and Valença, respectively. Okra irrigated with saline water is more demanding in potassium.
{"title":"Okra salt stress reduction under potassium fertigation","authors":"Jessilanne Plinia BM Costa, F. A. Oliveira, S. T. Santos, Mychelle KT Oliveira, Isabelly CS Marques, C. J. X. Cordeiro, Helena M Morais Neta Góis","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220402","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Potassium fertigation may be a strategy to reduce saline stress in okra. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of potassium supplementation as a salinity-attenuating agent in okra. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, in Mossoró-RN, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in 2x5 factorial scheme with 4 replicates. Two okra cultivars (Santa Cruz 47 and Valença) fertigated with five fertigation managements [F1= irrigation with non-saline water (0.55 dS/m) and fertigation with a standard dose of potassium (6 g/plant); F2= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 6 g/plant of K, F3= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 9 g/plant of K, F4= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 12 g/plant of K, and F5= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS/m) and fertigation with 15 g/plant of K]. Plants were collected 110 days after emergence and evaluated for growth variables (leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, total dry mass) and yield (fruit number, average fruit mass and fruit production). Potassium influenced the growth and yield characteristics of okra irrigated with saline water. The highest yields of fruits occurred at 9.56 and 10.23 g/plant of K, being 330.24 and 733.36 g/plant obtained from cultivars Santa Cruz 47 and Valença, respectively. Okra irrigated with saline water is more demanding in potassium.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44670915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220310
D. Paulus, Leonardo Barbieri, Ana Márcia de O Febraio, Dislaine Becker
ABSTRACT Chives are popular herbs, and highly appreciated by consumers. The experiment was conducted in the period from September to November 2020 in a greenhouse, located at the Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, physiological responses, and quality attributes of chives grown in hydroponic systems containing different concentrations of magnesium sulfate. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the treatments consisted of a standard solution with the addition of magnesium sulfate at the following doses (g/L): standard solution 0.4; 0.42, 0.44; 0.46, and 0.48, with four repetitions per treatment. The analyzed variables were physiological indicators and growth; physical-chemical characteristics and nutrient content in tissues. The dose of 0.48 g/L resulted in the highest number of leaves (47.3) and contributed to 44% reduction in leaf drop, thereby positively influencing growth with higher fresh mass (231.40 g/plant). The relative chlorophyll index (58.64) obtained at 0.48 g/L dose revealed an increase in the chlorophyll content and, consequently, in the green color of the plants, with °hue angle of 140.54. Greener leaves is a visual aspect preferred by consumers. In addition, the higher concentration of magnesium sulfate provided 50.7% increase in the content of soluble solids and 50.6% rise in phenolic compounds. The dose of 0.48 g/L magnesium sulfate contributed to reduced leaf fall, improved visual appearance, greater bioactive compounds, and enhanced leaf sweetness to meet the quality standards that consumers expect for this condiment.
{"title":"Growth and quality of chives in hydroponic system with concentrations of magnesium sulfate","authors":"D. Paulus, Leonardo Barbieri, Ana Márcia de O Febraio, Dislaine Becker","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220310","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chives are popular herbs, and highly appreciated by consumers. The experiment was conducted in the period from September to November 2020 in a greenhouse, located at the Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, physiological responses, and quality attributes of chives grown in hydroponic systems containing different concentrations of magnesium sulfate. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the treatments consisted of a standard solution with the addition of magnesium sulfate at the following doses (g/L): standard solution 0.4; 0.42, 0.44; 0.46, and 0.48, with four repetitions per treatment. The analyzed variables were physiological indicators and growth; physical-chemical characteristics and nutrient content in tissues. The dose of 0.48 g/L resulted in the highest number of leaves (47.3) and contributed to 44% reduction in leaf drop, thereby positively influencing growth with higher fresh mass (231.40 g/plant). The relative chlorophyll index (58.64) obtained at 0.48 g/L dose revealed an increase in the chlorophyll content and, consequently, in the green color of the plants, with °hue angle of 140.54. Greener leaves is a visual aspect preferred by consumers. In addition, the higher concentration of magnesium sulfate provided 50.7% increase in the content of soluble solids and 50.6% rise in phenolic compounds. The dose of 0.48 g/L magnesium sulfate contributed to reduced leaf fall, improved visual appearance, greater bioactive compounds, and enhanced leaf sweetness to meet the quality standards that consumers expect for this condiment.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220306
Leandro Tbc Neves, D. M. D. Oliveira, Paulo Roberto R Rocha
ABSTRACT Peppers of the genus Capsicum are rich in antioxidants and considered to be an excellent source of compounds, which can bring benefits for human health, such as vitamin C and phenolic compounds. These compounds are influenced by the ripening stage of the fruits. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the ideal harvest point for ‘Murupi’ pepper fruits, targeting the consumer market, based on physical, chemical, and functional attributes. These attributes were evaluated during postharvest, being the fruits packed in low density polyethylene plastic film (LDPE) and submitted to cold storage (25±1°C and 95±3% U.R.) for 20 days. The treatments consisted of three different fruit maturation stages at harvest time (fruit peel color: green, partially red and totally red). The authors analyzed the vitamin C, total and soluble fibers, ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity), DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), total and reducing sugars, total phenolics, carotenoids, capsaicin and anthocyanins. The fruits harvested in immature stage (green) showed the highest values of vitamin C, total phenolics and, capsaicin contents, and also the highest averages of fruit antioxidant activity. The use of 0.10 mm-thick LDPE packages showed to be effective in delaying the maturation of pepper fruits in relation to sensory attributes, especially in terms of total fiber contents, being also observed, in this case, better maintenance of vitamin C and capsaicin contents, phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Determining the harvest point of ‘Murupi’ peppers packed in plastic bags under cold storage","authors":"Leandro Tbc Neves, D. M. D. Oliveira, Paulo Roberto R Rocha","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Peppers of the genus Capsicum are rich in antioxidants and considered to be an excellent source of compounds, which can bring benefits for human health, such as vitamin C and phenolic compounds. These compounds are influenced by the ripening stage of the fruits. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the ideal harvest point for ‘Murupi’ pepper fruits, targeting the consumer market, based on physical, chemical, and functional attributes. These attributes were evaluated during postharvest, being the fruits packed in low density polyethylene plastic film (LDPE) and submitted to cold storage (25±1°C and 95±3% U.R.) for 20 days. The treatments consisted of three different fruit maturation stages at harvest time (fruit peel color: green, partially red and totally red). The authors analyzed the vitamin C, total and soluble fibers, ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity), DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), total and reducing sugars, total phenolics, carotenoids, capsaicin and anthocyanins. The fruits harvested in immature stage (green) showed the highest values of vitamin C, total phenolics and, capsaicin contents, and also the highest averages of fruit antioxidant activity. The use of 0.10 mm-thick LDPE packages showed to be effective in delaying the maturation of pepper fruits in relation to sensory attributes, especially in terms of total fiber contents, being also observed, in this case, better maintenance of vitamin C and capsaicin contents, phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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