Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2506
Isaac L de Almeida, Welinton F Vieira, N. O. Souza, F. A. Suinaga, R. Amabile, M. Fagioli
ABSTRACT Desiccating herbicides can promote uniformity of maturation, and early harvest and provide improvements in the physical, physiological, and sanitary seeds quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of herbicides in early harvest and in the physiological quality of chickpea seeds. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replications, considering a complete factorial design with one control (no application) + two factors (four herbicides x three different doses): glufosinate-ammonium (200, 400 and 500 g a.i./ha); diquat (200, 400 and 500 g a.i./ha); carfentrazoneethyl (15, 30 and 37.5 g a.i./ha) and saflufenacil (49, 98 and 122.5 g a.i./ha). Saflufenacil (49 g a.i./ha) showed the lowest harvest anticipation (4 days) and a low percentage of vigor (50.25%). Glufosinate (400 g a.i./ha), was the most promising as it increased germination to 83.75% and vigor to 78.25%, in addition to promoting the anticipation of harvest by up to 17 days, while the normal cycle of the crop, observed in the control, was 154 days.
干燥除草剂能促进早熟均匀性，提高种子的物理、生理和卫生品质。本研究的目的是评价除草剂在鹰嘴豆早期收获中的使用和对其生理品质的影响。试验设计为随机区，4个重复，考虑一个完全因子设计，一个对照(不施用)+两个因素(四种除草剂x三种不同剂量):草铵膦(200,400和500 g a.i./ha);Diquat(200、400和500克a.i./公顷);卡芬唑乙酯(15、30和37.5克a.i./公顷)和氟氟那西(49、98和122.5克a.i./公顷)。氟虫腈(49 g a.i./ha)收获预期最低(4 d)，活力率最低(50.25%)。草甘膦(400 g a.i./ha)是最有希望的，它能使发芽率提高到83.75%，活力提高到78.25%，此外还能使作物的预期收获期提高17天，而在对照中观察到作物的正常周期为154天。
{"title":"Chemical desiccants for anticipation of harvest and quality improvement of chickpea seeds","authors":"Isaac L de Almeida, Welinton F Vieira, N. O. Souza, F. A. Suinaga, R. Amabile, M. Fagioli","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2506","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Desiccating herbicides can promote uniformity of maturation, and early harvest and provide improvements in the physical, physiological, and sanitary seeds quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of herbicides in early harvest and in the physiological quality of chickpea seeds. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replications, considering a complete factorial design with one control (no application) + two factors (four herbicides x three different doses): glufosinate-ammonium (200, 400 and 500 g a.i./ha); diquat (200, 400 and 500 g a.i./ha); carfentrazoneethyl (15, 30 and 37.5 g a.i./ha) and saflufenacil (49, 98 and 122.5 g a.i./ha). Saflufenacil (49 g a.i./ha) showed the lowest harvest anticipation (4 days) and a low percentage of vigor (50.25%). Glufosinate (400 g a.i./ha), was the most promising as it increased germination to 83.75% and vigor to 78.25%, in addition to promoting the anticipation of harvest by up to 17 days, while the normal cycle of the crop, observed in the control, was 154 days.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2484
Mauro BD Tofanelli, Á. Mógor, R. Cipriano, C. Deschamps, C. Queiroz, Jair José de Lima
ABSTRACT Barbados gooseberry (BGB) is a non-conventional vegetable highlighted for its nutritional value, particularly its protein content. However, there is a lack of scientific information for improving the plantation system of this plant. This research proposed to evaluate high-density systems to cultivate BGB plants for sprout production. The experiment was carried out in the Horticulture Sector of the Canguiri Experimental Station Farm from UFPR, located in the county of Pinhais, Paraná State, Brazil. BGB was planted in open field beds using distinctive plantation systems according to plant stands and pruning and thinning management. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment. Five high-density plantation systems (treatments) were tested: 10 (10?10): 10 × 10 cm; 2) (20?20): 20 × 20 cm; and 3) (30?30): 30 × 30 cm spacing with thinning to keep one sprout growing per primary branch per plant; 4) (30?30TS) was represented by 30 × 30 cm spacing with thinning to keep one sprout growing from each of two secondary branches grown from the primary branch to give two sprouts (TS) per plant; 5) (30?30FS) consisted of plants with 30 × 30 cm spacing with no thinning (FS = free growing sprouts). The first three treatments were thinned to one sprout per plant. Protein content of BGB sprouts was also determined to verify its real protein content. A high-density plantation system promoted BGB sprouts productivity with high protein content (28.8% from leaves of sprout). Treatment 5 produced the highest yield (21.7 t/ha per month).
{"title":"Barbados gooseberry sprout production in a high-density plantation system","authors":"Mauro BD Tofanelli, Á. Mógor, R. Cipriano, C. Deschamps, C. Queiroz, Jair José de Lima","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2484","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Barbados gooseberry (BGB) is a non-conventional vegetable highlighted for its nutritional value, particularly its protein content. However, there is a lack of scientific information for improving the plantation system of this plant. This research proposed to evaluate high-density systems to cultivate BGB plants for sprout production. The experiment was carried out in the Horticulture Sector of the Canguiri Experimental Station Farm from UFPR, located in the county of Pinhais, Paraná State, Brazil. BGB was planted in open field beds using distinctive plantation systems according to plant stands and pruning and thinning management. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment. Five high-density plantation systems (treatments) were tested: 10 (10?10): 10 × 10 cm; 2) (20?20): 20 × 20 cm; and 3) (30?30): 30 × 30 cm spacing with thinning to keep one sprout growing per primary branch per plant; 4) (30?30TS) was represented by 30 × 30 cm spacing with thinning to keep one sprout growing from each of two secondary branches grown from the primary branch to give two sprouts (TS) per plant; 5) (30?30FS) consisted of plants with 30 × 30 cm spacing with no thinning (FS = free growing sprouts). The first three treatments were thinned to one sprout per plant. Protein content of BGB sprouts was also determined to verify its real protein content. A high-density plantation system promoted BGB sprouts productivity with high protein content (28.8% from leaves of sprout). Treatment 5 produced the highest yield (21.7 t/ha per month).","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2427
S. Bezerra, Isabella B Marques, E. M. Bardiviesso, R. A. Pelvine, A. S. Aguilar, A. Cardoso
ABSTRACT Calcium and boron are important nutrients in the stages of flowering, pollen germination and in the fruiting process. As these nutrients are poorly mobile in the plant, some authors recommend foliar spraying in the production of seeds of some species. The objective was to study the influence of calcium and boron, via application directed to inflorescences, in production, quality and accumulation of nutrients in lettuce seeds. Four treatments were evaluated (only calcium: 0.72 g/L; only boron: 0.17 g/L; joint application of calcium and boron and control), in randomized blocks design with six replications. No influence was obtained between the treatments for seed production (number and weight of seeds per plant). Using boron, alone or together with calcium, the weight of a thousand seeds was lower compared to control, while only calcium did not differ from the control. No differences were obtained for germination and seed vigor. The application of calcium did not affect the accumulation of nutrients, however boron application increased the accumulation of this nutrient in the seeds. The application of calcium and boron directly in the inflorescences of lettuce did not promote an increase in the production and vigor of the seeds.
{"title":"Application of calcium and boron directed to inflorescences in production, quality and nutrient accumulation in lettuce seeds","authors":"S. Bezerra, Isabella B Marques, E. M. Bardiviesso, R. A. Pelvine, A. S. Aguilar, A. Cardoso","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2427","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Calcium and boron are important nutrients in the stages of flowering, pollen germination and in the fruiting process. As these nutrients are poorly mobile in the plant, some authors recommend foliar spraying in the production of seeds of some species. The objective was to study the influence of calcium and boron, via application directed to inflorescences, in production, quality and accumulation of nutrients in lettuce seeds. Four treatments were evaluated (only calcium: 0.72 g/L; only boron: 0.17 g/L; joint application of calcium and boron and control), in randomized blocks design with six replications. No influence was obtained between the treatments for seed production (number and weight of seeds per plant). Using boron, alone or together with calcium, the weight of a thousand seeds was lower compared to control, while only calcium did not differ from the control. No differences were obtained for germination and seed vigor. The application of calcium did not affect the accumulation of nutrients, however boron application increased the accumulation of this nutrient in the seeds. The application of calcium and boron directly in the inflorescences of lettuce did not promote an increase in the production and vigor of the seeds.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67250755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2469
S. M. Vidigal, Marialva A. Moreira
ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the third nutrient more absorbed by okra. Therefore, an adequate supply of this element is essential for okra growth through the accumulation of dry matter in the leaves, stem, root and fruit. The objective was to evaluate the influence of N doses on growth, photoassimilates partition and yield of okra. The experiment was carried out in a Red-Yellow Argisol. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. The treatments consisted of N doses applied as topdressing (0, 60, 120, 240, 360 kg/ha). Samples of plants were held at 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 and 165 DAS for determination of the plant’s dry weight. The plant showed slow growth until 70 days, and after that time, intensified its growth until the end of the cycle. Total dry mass and absolute plant growth rate increased with increasing N availability, reaching the maximum marketable fruit yield of 10,665 kg/ha with 346 kg/ha N. The growth and partition of photoassimilates among the organs of the okra plant ‘Santa Cruz’ are altered with increasing nitrogen availability applied in topdressing.
{"title":"Photoassimilates partitioning in okra plants subjected to nitrogen doses","authors":"S. M. Vidigal, Marialva A. Moreira","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2469","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the third nutrient more absorbed by okra. Therefore, an adequate supply of this element is essential for okra growth through the accumulation of dry matter in the leaves, stem, root and fruit. The objective was to evaluate the influence of N doses on growth, photoassimilates partition and yield of okra. The experiment was carried out in a Red-Yellow Argisol. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. The treatments consisted of N doses applied as topdressing (0, 60, 120, 240, 360 kg/ha). Samples of plants were held at 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 and 165 DAS for determination of the plant’s dry weight. The plant showed slow growth until 70 days, and after that time, intensified its growth until the end of the cycle. Total dry mass and absolute plant growth rate increased with increasing N availability, reaching the maximum marketable fruit yield of 10,665 kg/ha with 346 kg/ha N. The growth and partition of photoassimilates among the organs of the okra plant ‘Santa Cruz’ are altered with increasing nitrogen availability applied in topdressing.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2467
Nader Ghanaatian, Abdolhossein A Jahromi, H. Sadeghi, S. K. Jari, B. Behrooznam
ABSTRACT One of the most deleterious abiotic stresses is the salinity stress, which causes inhibition of growth and development. Therefore, this investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and silicic acid (Si) on biochemical response of Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Isabella) under different salinity levels during vegetative stage. For this purpose, the seedlings were subjected to different salt stress levels (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mM) and supplemented with optimized concentration of silicon (Si) (0, and 2.5 mM of H4SiO4) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0, and 100 µM) to assess variations in enzyme activity and biochemical properties of tomato plants during vegetative growth. Salt stress inhibited the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of tomato plants. The antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the levels of osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased in tomato plants due to high salinity. Furthermore, the exogenous use of SNP and Si to alleviate the effect of salinity on the plants increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte levels compared to NaCl-treated plants. In addition, in the plants under salt stress, supplemented with SNP and Si, the contents of MDA and H2O2 decreased. Therefore, the exogenous use of Si and SNP led to protecting a tomato plant against oxidative damage induced by salt stress by stimulating synthesis of antioxidant enzyme. The findings indicated that, with the improvement in antioxidative defense system, pigment syntheses, and osmolyte accumulation, SNP and Si had the ability to alleviate adverse impact of high salinity on tomato plants.
{"title":"Application of sodium nitroprusside and silicon on the enzyme activity of Solanum lycopersicum during vegetative growth","authors":"Nader Ghanaatian, Abdolhossein A Jahromi, H. Sadeghi, S. K. Jari, B. Behrooznam","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the most deleterious abiotic stresses is the salinity stress, which causes inhibition of growth and development. Therefore, this investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and silicic acid (Si) on biochemical response of Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Isabella) under different salinity levels during vegetative stage. For this purpose, the seedlings were subjected to different salt stress levels (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mM) and supplemented with optimized concentration of silicon (Si) (0, and 2.5 mM of H4SiO4) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0, and 100 µM) to assess variations in enzyme activity and biochemical properties of tomato plants during vegetative growth. Salt stress inhibited the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of tomato plants. The antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the levels of osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased in tomato plants due to high salinity. Furthermore, the exogenous use of SNP and Si to alleviate the effect of salinity on the plants increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte levels compared to NaCl-treated plants. In addition, in the plants under salt stress, supplemented with SNP and Si, the contents of MDA and H2O2 decreased. Therefore, the exogenous use of Si and SNP led to protecting a tomato plant against oxidative damage induced by salt stress by stimulating synthesis of antioxidant enzyme. The findings indicated that, with the improvement in antioxidative defense system, pigment syntheses, and osmolyte accumulation, SNP and Si had the ability to alleviate adverse impact of high salinity on tomato plants.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67250547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2478
A. S. Aguilar, A. Cardoso, Henrique Vasque, E. M. Bardiviesso, Ricardo Adriano Felito, B. Bezerra, Maurício H Okada, A. F. Acevedo, R. A. Pelvine, M. D. A. Silva, E. Lemes
ABSTRACT Constant changes during the seed maturation process affect its final quality and the post-harvest fruit resting, which can improve seed physiological quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and enzymatic activities of eggplant seeds extracted from fruits harvested at different ages and resting periods after harvest. Fruits were harvested presenting different colors at 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after anthesis (DAA) and rested for 0 (freshly harvested fruits), 10, and 20 days. The experimental design was set as completely randomized, with four replications and evaluated seeds extracted from six fruits per plot. The resting periods in eggplant fruits harvested at less than 60 DAA improved the mass of 1000 seeds, germination, vigor, and protein content. Seeds with higher germination and vigor presented lower dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) enzymatic activity. The results indicated that the ideal moment of eggplant harvest for seed production is when the fruit reaches the yellowish-brown color corresponding to about 60 DAA; however, if the eggplant fruit is harvested earlier (40 or 50 DAA), it has to rest for about 10 to 20 days to achieve high physiological quality (germination and vigor).
{"title":"Physiological quality and antioxidant enzymes activity in eggplant seeds with different ages and resting periods after harvest","authors":"A. S. Aguilar, A. Cardoso, Henrique Vasque, E. M. Bardiviesso, Ricardo Adriano Felito, B. Bezerra, Maurício H Okada, A. F. Acevedo, R. A. Pelvine, M. D. A. Silva, E. Lemes","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2478","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Constant changes during the seed maturation process affect its final quality and the post-harvest fruit resting, which can improve seed physiological quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and enzymatic activities of eggplant seeds extracted from fruits harvested at different ages and resting periods after harvest. Fruits were harvested presenting different colors at 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after anthesis (DAA) and rested for 0 (freshly harvested fruits), 10, and 20 days. The experimental design was set as completely randomized, with four replications and evaluated seeds extracted from six fruits per plot. The resting periods in eggplant fruits harvested at less than 60 DAA improved the mass of 1000 seeds, germination, vigor, and protein content. Seeds with higher germination and vigor presented lower dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) enzymatic activity. The results indicated that the ideal moment of eggplant harvest for seed production is when the fruit reaches the yellowish-brown color corresponding to about 60 DAA; however, if the eggplant fruit is harvested earlier (40 or 50 DAA), it has to rest for about 10 to 20 days to achieve high physiological quality (germination and vigor).","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2572
Luiza M Gomes, Alana MR Freitas, T. Dias, Rodrigo BM Cavalcante
ABSTRACT There is an underutilization of bioactive compounds, given the losses and daily waste of vegetables throughout the entire production chain. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to quantify the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in different parts of vegetables. Analyzes were performed on five vegetables (zucchini, eggplant, broccoli, green cabbage and green beans) from conventional cultivation. The levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were obtained by spectrophotometric methods. Except broccoli, the analyzed by-products had levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity equal to or greater than the traditional parts of vegetable. Broccoli florets stood out with the highest levels of total phenolics (141.22 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoids (137.38 mg CE/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (588.3 µmol TEAC/100 g). In contrast, the lowest levels were observed in zucchini pulp (25.44 mg GAE/100 g; 13.03 mg CE/100 g; 69.78 µmol TEAC/100 g). Therefore, the importance of full consumption of vegetables is reiterated. By-products can also be used to enrich preparations.
{"title":"Vegetables and their by-products: total phenolic compound content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity","authors":"Luiza M Gomes, Alana MR Freitas, T. Dias, Rodrigo BM Cavalcante","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is an underutilization of bioactive compounds, given the losses and daily waste of vegetables throughout the entire production chain. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to quantify the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in different parts of vegetables. Analyzes were performed on five vegetables (zucchini, eggplant, broccoli, green cabbage and green beans) from conventional cultivation. The levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were obtained by spectrophotometric methods. Except broccoli, the analyzed by-products had levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity equal to or greater than the traditional parts of vegetable. Broccoli florets stood out with the highest levels of total phenolics (141.22 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoids (137.38 mg CE/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (588.3 µmol TEAC/100 g). In contrast, the lowest levels were observed in zucchini pulp (25.44 mg GAE/100 g; 13.03 mg CE/100 g; 69.78 µmol TEAC/100 g). Therefore, the importance of full consumption of vegetables is reiterated. By-products can also be used to enrich preparations.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2621
Bruno F de Oliveira, Ailton Reis, Christiane A da Costa, Antônio W Moita, Lucimeire Pilon
ABSTRACT Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum var. gilo) is a Solanaceae with an appreciated peculiar bitter taste, which plays a significant role in family farming in Brazil. Fruit anthracnose is the main pre- and postharvest disease that affects scarlet eggplant in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based coating on in vitro inhibition of Colletotrichum tamarilloi and anthracnose control of scarlet eggplant fruits. Chitosan was dissolved in a 2% citric acid solution at 40°C and then homogenized with potato dextrose agar (PDA), and poured into Petri dishes, as follows: 1) PDA + 0.1% chitosan, 2) PDA + 0.2% chitosan, 3) PDA + 0.3% chitosan, 4) PDA + 0.4% chitosan, and 5) pure PDA as control. Discs of 5 mm diameter of pure fungus culture were placed on the center of the culture medium in the plates. The plates were then maintained in BOD at 25°C and 12-h photoperiod for 10 days. Colony characteristics, mycelial growth rate, and mycelial growth inhibition were evaluated. Afterward, the effect of chitosan coating was evaluated in fruit inoculated or not with C. tamarilloi. The treatments were: T1) uncoated and injured uninoculated fruits, T2) uncoated and inoculated fruit, T3) fruits coated with 0.1% chitosan and inoculated, T4) fruits coated with 0.2% chitosan and inoculated, and T5) fruits coated with chitosan at 0.3% and inoculated. For inoculation, 15 μL of a conidial suspension (2 x 105 conidia/mL) were deposited on an injury caused by a needle, and the fruits were coated by immersion into the different concentrations of chitosan gel. Fruits were placed on expanded polystyrene trays. Fresh weight loss, the mean incidence of disease, and lesion diameter were measured. All concentrations of chitosan reduced the in vitro growth of C. tamarilloi. The treatment T4 reduced the severity of anthracnose but did not prevent its incidence in scarlet eggplant fruits.
{"title":"Evaluation of chitosan for in vitro control of Colletotrichum tamarilloi and anthracnose on scarlet eggplant fruit","authors":"Bruno F de Oliveira, Ailton Reis, Christiane A da Costa, Antônio W Moita, Lucimeire Pilon","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum var. gilo) is a Solanaceae with an appreciated peculiar bitter taste, which plays a significant role in family farming in Brazil. Fruit anthracnose is the main pre- and postharvest disease that affects scarlet eggplant in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based coating on in vitro inhibition of Colletotrichum tamarilloi and anthracnose control of scarlet eggplant fruits. Chitosan was dissolved in a 2% citric acid solution at 40°C and then homogenized with potato dextrose agar (PDA), and poured into Petri dishes, as follows: 1) PDA + 0.1% chitosan, 2) PDA + 0.2% chitosan, 3) PDA + 0.3% chitosan, 4) PDA + 0.4% chitosan, and 5) pure PDA as control. Discs of 5 mm diameter of pure fungus culture were placed on the center of the culture medium in the plates. The plates were then maintained in BOD at 25°C and 12-h photoperiod for 10 days. Colony characteristics, mycelial growth rate, and mycelial growth inhibition were evaluated. Afterward, the effect of chitosan coating was evaluated in fruit inoculated or not with C. tamarilloi. The treatments were: T1) uncoated and injured uninoculated fruits, T2) uncoated and inoculated fruit, T3) fruits coated with 0.1% chitosan and inoculated, T4) fruits coated with 0.2% chitosan and inoculated, and T5) fruits coated with chitosan at 0.3% and inoculated. For inoculation, 15 μL of a conidial suspension (2 x 105 conidia/mL) were deposited on an injury caused by a needle, and the fruits were coated by immersion into the different concentrations of chitosan gel. Fruits were placed on expanded polystyrene trays. Fresh weight loss, the mean incidence of disease, and lesion diameter were measured. All concentrations of chitosan reduced the in vitro growth of C. tamarilloi. The treatment T4 reduced the severity of anthracnose but did not prevent its incidence in scarlet eggplant fruits.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2226
Iaquine Maria C Bezerra, Celso M Belisário, Osvaldo Resende, Juliana Aparecida Célia, Maísa D Cavalcante
ABSTRACT Endive is a vegetable traditionally eaten as a raw or cooked salad. It is a source of important nutritional compounds and one of the procedures for its industrialization is drying, which increases its shelf life, preserves the nutrients and reduces losses due to microorganisms. This research evaluated the drying kinetic of endive leaves at different temperatures and adjusted the experimental data according to mathematical models. The experimental design was completely randomized in triplicate, with each sample unit being a perforated aluminum tray containing about 100 g fresh leaves. The endive leaves were dried in an oven at 50, 60, 70 and 80°C. The mathematical models were adjusted according to the experimental data; non-linear regression analysis was performed by Gauss-Newton and Quasi-Newton methods. In all conditions, the mathematical models that best fitted the drying kinetics of the endive leaves were Midilli, Logarithmic and Valcam. The Logarithmic model, under these drying conditions, can be accurately described as suitable for predicting and simulating the drying kinetic of endive leaves, as it showed the best results in the statistical parameters evaluated.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of the drying kinetics of endive leaves","authors":"Iaquine Maria C Bezerra, Celso M Belisário, Osvaldo Resende, Juliana Aparecida Célia, Maísa D Cavalcante","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Endive is a vegetable traditionally eaten as a raw or cooked salad. It is a source of important nutritional compounds and one of the procedures for its industrialization is drying, which increases its shelf life, preserves the nutrients and reduces losses due to microorganisms. This research evaluated the drying kinetic of endive leaves at different temperatures and adjusted the experimental data according to mathematical models. The experimental design was completely randomized in triplicate, with each sample unit being a perforated aluminum tray containing about 100 g fresh leaves. The endive leaves were dried in an oven at 50, 60, 70 and 80°C. The mathematical models were adjusted according to the experimental data; non-linear regression analysis was performed by Gauss-Newton and Quasi-Newton methods. In all conditions, the mathematical models that best fitted the drying kinetics of the endive leaves were Midilli, Logarithmic and Valcam. The Logarithmic model, under these drying conditions, can be accurately described as suitable for predicting and simulating the drying kinetic of endive leaves, as it showed the best results in the statistical parameters evaluated.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2667
Arione S Pereira, Giovani O da Silva, Agnaldo DF de Carvalho, Caroline M Castro, Beatriz M Emygdio, Fernanda Q Azevedo, Antonio Cesar Bortoletto, Elcio Hirano, Cesar B Gomes, Valdir Lourenço Junior, Eberson D Eicholz, Carlos Francisco Ragassi, Juliana H Coradin, Leonardo F Dutra, Carlos Alberto Lopes, Carlos Reisser Junior, Natércia LP Lima, Jadir B Pinheiro, Mirtes F Lima, Núbia ML Ferri, Ana Cristina R Krolow, Iriani R Maldonade, Rogério O Jorge, Lucimeire Pilon, Bernardo Ueno, Nelson P Feldberg, Márcia Vizzotto
ABSTRACT ‘BRS F50’ (Cecilia) is a yellow skin potato cultivar for the fresh market, with good tuber appearance and versatile culinary use. The tuber has oval shape, shallow eyes, and light yellow flesh. It has a relatively high dry matter and medium-low glucose content, giving possibility even to use for processing into shoestring fries. The vegetative cycle and dormancy are medium. The maturity and tuber dormancy are medium. ‘BRS F50’ (Cecilia) shows a very low external and internal tuber disorder incidence, except growing cracks under varying soil humidity. It is moderately resistant to late and early blight, which make it also suitable for organic production. ‘BRS F50’ (Cecilia) was released by Embrapa in 2022, and is a product of its potato breeding program, developed by Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Pelotas-RS and Canoinhas-SC, and Embrapa Hortaliças, in Brasília-DF, Brazil.
{"title":"‘BRS F50’ (Cecilia): A multi-purpose potato cultivar with resistance to foliar disease","authors":"Arione S Pereira, Giovani O da Silva, Agnaldo DF de Carvalho, Caroline M Castro, Beatriz M Emygdio, Fernanda Q Azevedo, Antonio Cesar Bortoletto, Elcio Hirano, Cesar B Gomes, Valdir Lourenço Junior, Eberson D Eicholz, Carlos Francisco Ragassi, Juliana H Coradin, Leonardo F Dutra, Carlos Alberto Lopes, Carlos Reisser Junior, Natércia LP Lima, Jadir B Pinheiro, Mirtes F Lima, Núbia ML Ferri, Ana Cristina R Krolow, Iriani R Maldonade, Rogério O Jorge, Lucimeire Pilon, Bernardo Ueno, Nelson P Feldberg, Márcia Vizzotto","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘BRS F50’ (Cecilia) is a yellow skin potato cultivar for the fresh market, with good tuber appearance and versatile culinary use. The tuber has oval shape, shallow eyes, and light yellow flesh. It has a relatively high dry matter and medium-low glucose content, giving possibility even to use for processing into shoestring fries. The vegetative cycle and dormancy are medium. The maturity and tuber dormancy are medium. ‘BRS F50’ (Cecilia) shows a very low external and internal tuber disorder incidence, except growing cracks under varying soil humidity. It is moderately resistant to late and early blight, which make it also suitable for organic production. ‘BRS F50’ (Cecilia) was released by Embrapa in 2022, and is a product of its potato breeding program, developed by Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Pelotas-RS and Canoinhas-SC, and Embrapa Hortaliças, in Brasília-DF, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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