Cancer Epidemiology最新文献

Background

Potential regional differences in cancer incidence and survival would demand targeted interventions to decrease cancer related death.

Methods

This descriptive cohort study provides an overview of regional cancer incidence and relative survival (RS) in Denmark during 2007–2021. National cancer incidence and RS estimates were calculated similar to the official statistics for the Danish Cancer Registry. Specifically, we estimated age-standardized (World) cancer incidence rates (ASR), and RS in 3-year periods by sex, and the five regions of Denmark (i.e., Region of Northern Denmark, Central Denmark Region, Region of Southern Denmark, Region Zealand, and Capital Region).

Results

We identified 578,107 incident cancers in Denmark during 2007–2021, of which 124 123 were diagnosed in 2019–2021. Small fluctuations were seen in ASR for cancer overall in all five regions during 2007–2018, followed by decreasing trends in 2019–2021. Men exhibited higher ASRs than women. Consistent improvements in 1- and 5-year RS were seen during the study period in all regions. However, for patients diagnosed in 2019–2021, the 5-year RS levelled off. These patients experienced 1-year RS of 83 % among men and 84 % among women, and the 5-year RS was also similar between sexes (men: 67 %, women: 70 %, overall: 68 %). Region Zealand generally presented lower RS estimates for both sexes combined.

Conclusion

Cancer survival improved between 2007 and 2021 in all Danish regions for both sexes. However, the improvements in cancer survival appeared to have levelled off in the most recent period, 2019–2021. For both sexes, the lowest survival was suggested for Region Zealand.

Background

Serrated lesions and polyps (SP) are precursors of up to 30 % of colorectal cancers (CRC) through the serrated pathway. This often entails early BRAF mutations and MLH1 hypermethylation leading to mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) CRC. We investigated predictors of dMMR CRC among patients with co-occurrence of CRC and SP to increase our knowledge on the serrated pathway.

Methods

We used data from The Danish Pathology Registry and Danish Colorectal Cancer Groups Database from the period 2010–2021 to investigate risk factors for development of dMMR CRC. We used logistic regression models to identify difference in risk factors of developing dMMR CRC in comparison to CRC with proficient MMR (pMMR).

Results

We included 3273 patients with a median age of 70.7 years [64.3,76.4] of which 1850 (56.5 %) were male. dMMR CRC was present in 592 patients (18.1 %), with loss of MLH1/PMS2 being most common. The risk of dMMR CRC was significantly higher in females OR 3.47 [2.87;4.20]. When adjusting for age, SP subtype, conventional adenomas (CA), anatomical location and lifestyle factors, female sex remained the strongest predictor OR 2.84 [2.27;3.56]. The presence of sessile serrated lesions with or without dysplasia was related to higher risk OR 1.60 [1.11;2.31] and OR 1.42 [1.11;1.82] respectively, while conventional adenomas constituted a lower risk OR 0.68 [0.55;0.84].

Conclusion

In conclusion we found several predictors of whom female sex had the strongest correlation with dMMR CRC in patients with SP.

Background

France has the sixth highest incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in Europe, but the epidemiological impact of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) remains poorly documented. The objective of our study was to assess the proportion of OPCs caused by HR-HPV in Paris, and its suburbs, over the four past decades. This area accounts for almost one-fifth of the total population of France.

Methods

OPCs diagnosed in 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2020/2021 in two of the main referral cancer centers for HNCs in Paris and its suburbs were retrieved from the tumor biobanks. HPV status was determined by p16-staining and HPV-DNA detection. Samples were considered HPV-driven if both assays were positive. Results were compared to the French cancer registry data.

Results

Samples from 697 OPC patients were assessed (including 82 % of all samples diagnosed in 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021). The proportion of HPV-driven cases rose from 2.7 % to 53 % between 1981 and 2021. HPV16 was the dominant genotype during the study period. Of patients with HPV-driven OPC, 81 % were male and 42 % were smokers versus 80 % and 92 % in their HPV-negative counterparts. The age of OPC patients increased significantly, during the study period, independent of their HPV status

Conclusion

The proportion of HPV-driven OPCs has significantly increased in Paris and its suburbs, during the last four decades. OPCs has become the 2nd predominant type of head and neck cancer, in France. This may be linked to the rise in HPV-driven cases and the decrease of tobacco and alcohol consumption in men.

This paper investigates the relationship between periodontal disease and various cancer types. It provides a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge about the interaction between periodontal disease and carcinogenesis, explores the underlying biological mechanisms of this connection, and consider the impact of these findings on healthcare practices and future research directions. Utilizing Systematic Literature Network Analysis, which combines bibliometric analysis with Systematic Literature Review, this study analyzes 164 documents from 2000 to 2023. Focus is placed on the 38 most globally cited papers, enabling a targeted and comprehensive analysis of the predominant research within this scope. This review highlights that colorectal, oral, pancreatic, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers have consistent associations with periodontal disease. On the other hand, hematological, breast and prostate cancers show associations with periodontal disease, but these links are less pronounced and more variable, indicating the need for targeted research in these domains. These insights emphasize the necessity for a multidisciplinary healthcare approach, recognizing the systemic implications of periodontal disease.

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (n-SES) and the risk of incidence and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Setting

A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and Scopus without any limitation until October 11, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of observational studies in adult subjects (≥18 years) which provided data on the association between n-SES and CRC-related incidence and mortality. Relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were pooled by employing a random-effects model. We employed validated methods to assess study quality and publication bias, utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality evaluation, subgroup analysis to find possible sources of heterogeneity, Egger's regression asymmetry and Begg's rank correlation tests for bias detection and sensitivity analysis.

Results

Finally, 24 studies (21 cohorts and 3 cross-sectional studies) from seven different countries with 1678,582 participants were included. The analysis suggested that a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased incidence of CRC (RR=1.11; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.14; I²=64.4 %; p<0.001; n=46). The analysis also indicated a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased risk of mortality of CRC (RR=1.21; 95 % CI: 1.16, 1.26; I²=76.4 %; p<0.001; n=23). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that there was a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased risk of incidence of CRC in colon location (RR=1.06; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.10; I2=0.0 %; p=0.001; n=8), but not rectal location. In addition, subgroup analysis for covariates adjustment suggested that body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, or sex adjustment may influence the relationship between n-SES and the risk of incidence and mortality in CRC.

Conclusion

Lower n-SES was found to be a contributing factor to increased incidence and mortality rates associated with CRC, highlighting the substantial negative impacts of lower n-SES on cancer susceptibility and health outcomes.

Background

We analyzed trends in cancer incidence and regional disparities of eight major types of cancer in Korea.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used the data of 17 cities/provinces from the Korea Central Cancer Registry (1999–2020) in South Korea. Age-standardized incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years), between-group variance (per 100,000 person-years)², and annual percentage changes ( %) were calculated for the eight most common malignancies. Joinpoint regression was utilized to identify the points at which significant changes occur in cancer incidence or regional disparity trends over time to characterize these trends.

Results

The incidence of stomach cancer decreased as regional disparity decreased and that of colorectal cancer initially increased but recently declined, showing fluctuations in regional disparity. The incidence and regional disparity in liver cancer decreased. The incidence of lung cancer remained stable, with reduced regional disparities. The incidence of breast cancer rose with increasing regional disparity, whereas the incidence of cervical cancer decreased, accompanied by decreased regional disparity. A significant increase in prostate cancer was found, with initially reduced regional disparities but later showed a resurgence. The incidence of thyroid cancer fluctuated alongside variations in regional disparities.

Conclusion

This study revealed cancer incidence and regional variations in each cancer type in Korea. More studies are needed to understand the underlying factors and potential interventions for reducing cancer incidence and addressing regional disparity.

Background

Rates of alcohol consumption and obesity are increasing in many Western populations. For some cancer types, both heavy alcohol consumption and obesity are independently associated with increased risk. Whether combined exposure to both synergistically increases an individual's risk of cancer is unclear. We performed a systematic review to assess whether alcohol and obesity interact to confer higher risk for cancer than the additive sum of their effects.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted from the inception date to 13 February 2024 of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science to identify studies of alcohol, obesity, and cancer risk. We aimed to undertake a meta-analysis if there were sufficient data.

Results

The literature search identified 17,740 potentially eligible studies. After review, 24 studies were included. Eleven reported on the association between alcohol consumption and cancer risk in individuals according to their body mass index (BMI), nine reported on the association between BMI and cancer risk in individuals according to their alcohol consumption, and six studies examined potential synergistic interactions between alcohol consumption and obesity on cancer risk. However, there were insufficient data and significant heterogeneity in the cancers studied to undertake meta-analysis, therefore a systemic review and narrative synthesis was conducted. Overall, there was no consistent pattern of interaction between alcohol use and overweight/obesity on cancer risk across cancer types.

Conclusions

While alcohol and obesity are prevalent and important risk factors for a range of cancers, data are lacking on whether their combined exposure may synergistically increase an individual's risk for cancer. Further study across more cancer types is required to better understand the nature of interactions between alcohol use and obesity on cancer risk.

Background

Canine and human osteosarcoma are similar in clinical presentation and tumor genomics. Giant breed dogs experience elevated osteosarcoma incidence, and taller stature remains a consistent risk factor for human osteosarcoma. Whether evolutionarily conserved genes contribute to both human and canine osteosarcoma predisposition merits evaluation.

Methods

A multi-center sample of childhood osteosarcoma patients and controls underwent genome-wide genotyping and imputation. Ancestry-adjusted SNP associations were calculated within each dataset using logistic regression, then meta-analyzed across the three datasets, totaling 1091 patients and 3026 controls. Ten regions previously associated with canine osteosarcoma risk were mapped to the human genome, spanning ∼6 Mb. We prioritized association testing of 5985 human SNPs mapping to candidate osteosarcoma risk regions detected in Irish wolfhounds, the largest dog breed studied. Secondary analyses explored 6289 additional human SNPs mapping to candidate osteosarcoma risk regions identified in Rottweilers and greyhounds.

Results

Fourteen SNPs were associated with human osteosarcoma risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons, all within a 42 kb region of human Chromosome 7p12.1. The lead variant was rs17454681 (OR=1.25, 95 %CI: 1.12–1.39; P=4.1×10⁻⁵), and independent risk variants were not observed in conditional analyses. While the associated region spanned 2.1 Mb and contained eight genes in Irish wolfhounds, associations were localized to a 50-fold smaller region of the human genome and strongly implicate GRB10 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 10) in canine and human osteosarcoma predisposition. PheWAS analysis in UK Biobank data identified noteworthy associations of the rs17454681 risk allele with varied measures of height and pubertal timing.

Conclusions

Our comparative oncology analysis identified a novel human osteosarcoma risk allele near GRB10, a growth inhibitor that suppresses activated receptor tyrosine kinases including IGF1R, PDGFRB, and EGFR. Epidemiologists may benefit from leveraging cross-species comparisons to identify haplotypes in highly susceptible but genetically homogenous populations of domesticated animals, then fine-mapping these associations in diverse human populations.

Introduction

The scoping review was performed to identify methods of comorbidity assessment and to evaluate their significance in predicting the results of treatment of older patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries for cancer.

Materials and methods

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and European Trials Register were searched for eligible studies investigating the impact of comorbidity on various postoperative outcomes of patients aged ≥65. Findings were narratively reported.

Results

The review identified 40 studies with a total population of 59,612 patients, using eight different methods of comorbidity assessment. The most used was Charlson Comorbidity Index (60 % of studies) and presence of specific comorbid conditions (38 %). No study provided rationale for the choice of specific comorbidity measure. Most of the included studies reported short-term results (75 %), such as postoperative complications (43 %) and mortality (18 %) as main clinical endpoint. The results were inconsistent across the studies.

Discussion

There is still no consensus regarding the choice of comorbidity measures and their role in postoperative outcome prediction. Further efforts are needed to develop new, well-designed, more effective comorbidity assessments tools.

Background

Trachea, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer has demonstrated a discernible feminization and a tendency towards younger onset in recent decades. Therefore, our objective is to examine the most recent patterns in the worldwide prevalence of TBL among women of reproductive age on a global, regional, and national scale.

Methods

To assess the prevalence trends of TBL in women of reproductive age, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These calculations were based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, there was a global increase in the absolute number of incidence cases, deaths, and DALYs of TBL in women of reproductive age. However, the ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rates were decreasing over this period, with EAPC of -0.77 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: -1.03 to -0.51), -1.08 (95 % CI: -1.34 to -0.82), and -1.10 (95 % CI: -1.36 to -0.84), respectively. This trend was observed even in regions with higher Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). East Asia consistently had the highest ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rate, but there was a decreasing trend. Conversely, Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa displayed an increasing burden pattern. When examining countries individually, Monaco, Greenland, and Palau had the highest ASIR. Moreover, in most countries, the ASIR for TBL increased with age, particularly among women aged 35–49 years.

Conclusions

Despite a global decline in ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rates for TBL in women of reproductive age over the past three decades, there is still a troubling increase observed in low- and low-middle SDI regions. It is crucial to implement effective preventive and curative measures in these regions in order to address this concerning trend.