Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102977
Takeshi Takahashi
{"title":"Prostate cancer screening: Cancer mortality and opportunistic screening","authors":"Takeshi Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102984
Stuart J. Case , Lindsay Sabik , Haley Grant
Introduction
Cancer survivors endure unique immune system suppression as a result of their cancer treatment, potentially making them susceptible to long COVID in ways that differ from the general population. The purpose of this study is to assess what factors are associated with long COVID among cancer survivors.
Methods
Observational, cross-sectional data from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey were analyzed. The main outcome of interest was the prevalence of long COVID among cancer survivors who had tested positive for COVID-19. Bivariate analyses were conducted comparing those who did and did not have long COVID, and logistic regression models were used to determine the sociodemographic variables and individual health factors associated with long COVID among cancer survivors.
Results
In this sample, 15.2 % of cancer survivors who had tested positive for COVID-19 indicated they had long COVID. Cancer survivors who were male, older, received flu and COVID-19 vaccinations, and did not have diabetes or asthma had significantly lower odds of having long COVID.
Conclusion
This study provides insight into what sociodemographic and health-related factors are associated with the presence of long COVID, including age, sex, vaccination status, and comorbid conditions. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to establish causal patterns.
{"title":"Factors associated with long COVID among cancer survivors: A population-based analysis","authors":"Stuart J. Case , Lindsay Sabik , Haley Grant","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cancer survivors endure unique immune system suppression as a result of their cancer treatment, potentially making them susceptible to long COVID in ways that differ from the general population. The purpose of this study is to assess what factors are associated with long COVID among cancer survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational, cross-sectional data from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey were analyzed. The main outcome of interest was the prevalence of long COVID among cancer survivors who had tested positive for COVID-19. Bivariate analyses were conducted comparing those who did and did not have long COVID, and logistic regression models were used to determine the sociodemographic variables and individual health factors associated with long COVID among cancer survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this sample, 15.2 % of cancer survivors who had tested positive for COVID-19 indicated they had long COVID. Cancer survivors who were male, older, received flu and COVID-19 vaccinations, and did not have diabetes or asthma had significantly lower odds of having long COVID.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides insight into what sociodemographic and health-related factors are associated with the presence of long COVID, including age, sex, vaccination status, and comorbid conditions. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to establish causal patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a frequent cause of hospitalizations and is linked to greater inpatient morbidity, especially among cancer patients. Despite being a recognized complication in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs), its impact on hospitalization outcomes and healthcare utilization in HM patients is poorly defined. To evaluate the association between GI bleeding and key hospital outcomes, including mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization costs among adults admitted with HMs, this retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2018 to 2022. Multivariable models were fitted using survey-weighted logistic regression for mortality and Poisson regression with a log link for LOS and charges, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Among an estimated 2.9 million weighted hospitalizations with HMs, approximately 13 % were complicated by GI bleeding, which were characterized by higher mortality, longer LOS, and greater healthcare costs. In adjusted models, GI bleeding was associated with higher odds of in-hospital death (aOR: 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.26) as well as increased LOS (aIRR: 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.34–1.38) and higher hospitalization costs (aIRR: 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.37–1.43). This study's findings indicate that GI bleeding in patients with HMs is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes, including increased mortality and resource utilization. These findings highlight the need for early recognition, risk stratification, and proactive management strategies to mitigate the clinical and economic burden of bleeding in this high-risk population.
{"title":"Impact of gastrointestinal bleeding on hospital outcomes in hematologic malignancies: A nationwide cross-sectional study","authors":"Pragya Jain , Iqra Qazi , Jacob Thompson , Nency Ganatra , Shivam Patel , Junaid Anwar","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a frequent cause of hospitalizations and is linked to greater inpatient morbidity, especially among cancer patients. Despite being a recognized complication in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs), its impact on hospitalization outcomes and healthcare utilization in HM patients is poorly defined. To evaluate the association between GI bleeding and key hospital outcomes, including mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization costs among adults admitted with HMs, this retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2018 to 2022. Multivariable models were fitted using survey-weighted logistic regression for mortality and Poisson regression with a log link for LOS and charges, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Among an estimated 2.9 million weighted hospitalizations with HMs, approximately 13 % were complicated by GI bleeding, which were characterized by higher mortality, longer LOS, and greater healthcare costs. In adjusted models, GI bleeding was associated with higher odds of in-hospital death (aOR: 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.26) as well as increased LOS (aIRR: 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.34–1.38) and higher hospitalization costs (aIRR: 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.37–1.43). This study's findings indicate that GI bleeding in patients with HMs is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes, including increased mortality and resource utilization. These findings highlight the need for early recognition, risk stratification, and proactive management strategies to mitigate the clinical and economic burden of bleeding in this high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102979
Saravanan Vijayakumar, Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy , Abhishek David George, Anita Nath
Background
Breast cancer incidence in India is expected to rise by about 5.6 % annually, translating to an estimated increase of 0.05 million new cases per year. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the influence of India's unique context on breast cancer risk by identifying and synthesising population-specific risk factors.
Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search across the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to December 22, 2024. Observational studies assessing breast cancer risk factors among Indian women were included, and quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model estimated pooled associations between key risk factors and breast cancer.
Results
Among the 1871 articles identified, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria of which case-control studies were of moderate to high quality. The meta-analysis revealed significant positive associations with breast cancer risk for late menopause (age >50 years), delayed first pregnancy or childbirth (age >30 years), multiple abortions, higher age at marriage, increased waist-to-hip ratio (≥0.85), and family history of cancer, particularly breast cancer. Among lifestyle factors, poor sleep quality, irregular sleep patterns, sleeping in a lighted room, and elevated stress levels were also positively associated with risk in individual studies. In contrast, higher levels of physical activity showed an inverse association.
Conclusions
Reproductive timing, hormonal exposure, central obesity, and family history influence breast cancer risk primarily among Indian women. In conclusion, the review highlights the critical need for large, extensive, population-based prospective cohort studies in India to define breast cancer prevention and early detection strategies with greater precision.
{"title":"Understanding female breast cancer risk in the Indian population: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Saravanan Vijayakumar, Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy , Abhishek David George, Anita Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer incidence in India is expected to rise by about 5.6 % annually, translating to an estimated increase of 0.05 million new cases per year. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the influence of India's unique context on breast cancer risk by identifying and synthesising population-specific risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic literature search across the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to December 22, 2024. Observational studies assessing breast cancer risk factors among Indian women were included, and quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model estimated pooled associations between key risk factors and breast cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 1871 articles identified, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria of which case-control studies were of moderate to high quality. The meta-analysis revealed significant positive associations with breast cancer risk for late menopause (age >50 years), delayed first pregnancy or childbirth (age >30 years), multiple abortions, higher age at marriage, increased waist-to-hip ratio (≥0.85), and family history of cancer, particularly breast cancer. Among lifestyle factors, poor sleep quality, irregular sleep patterns, sleeping in a lighted room, and elevated stress levels were also positively associated with risk in individual studies. In contrast, higher levels of physical activity showed an inverse association.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Reproductive timing, hormonal exposure, central obesity, and family history influence breast cancer risk primarily among Indian women. In conclusion, the review highlights the critical need for large, extensive, population-based prospective cohort studies in India to define breast cancer prevention and early detection strategies with greater precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research findings on the relationship between blood cholesterol levels and lung cancer (LC) risk have been inconsistent, leading to inconclusive evidence regarding a definitive association. The present meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the association of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with the risk of LC, taking into consideration all relevant prospective cohort studies. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched from January 2005 to Dec 2024 to identify potentially relevant articles. This meta-analysis included articles reporting the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. lowest categories of at least one blood cholesterol component (TC, HDL-C, or LDL-C) or sufficient data to calculate the same in relation to the risk of LC. Based on the eligibility criteria, a total of 13 prospective cohort studies involving 2,718,010 individuals and 24,842 LC cases were included. The main analysis revealed a significant inverse association between HDL-C and the risk of LC (pooled HR = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.74–0.92). No statistically significant associations were observed for TC or LDL-C in relation to LC risk. In conclusion, higher HDL-C levels appear to be significantly associated with a lower risk of LC, whereas no significant associations is evident for TC or LDL-C. Maintaining healthy HDL-C levels through a balanced diet and regular exercise may help reduce LC incidence. Nonetheless, further large-scale prospective studies with adequate adjustment for confounding and preclinical bias are warranted to ascertain the potential causality.
关于血胆固醇水平与肺癌（LC）风险之间关系的研究结果一直不一致，导致关于明确关联的证据不确凿。本荟萃分析旨在综合评估总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）与LC风险的关系，并考虑所有相关的前瞻性队列研究。从2005年1月到2024年12月，系统地检索了三个数据库（PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science），以确定潜在的相关文章。该荟萃分析纳入了报告至少一种血液胆固醇成分（TC、HDL-C或LDL-C）的最高和最低类别的风险比（HR）为95% %置信区间（CI）的文章，或足够的数据来计算与LC风险相关的风险比。根据入选标准，共纳入13项前瞻性队列研究，涉及2,718,010例个体和24,842例LC病例。主要分析显示HDL-C与LC风险呈显著负相关（合并HR = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.74-0.92）。未观察到TC或LDL-C与LC风险有统计学意义的关联。总之，较高的HDL-C水平似乎与较低的LC风险显著相关，而对于TC或LDL-C没有明显的相关性。通过均衡饮食和定期运动保持健康的HDL-C水平可能有助于降低LC的发病率。尽管如此，有必要进一步进行大规模的前瞻性研究，充分调整混杂和临床前偏倚，以确定潜在的因果关系。
{"title":"Association between blood cholesterol profile and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","authors":"Anindita Bhattacharya , Ritabrata Mitra , Ankan Bandyopadhyay , Amitabha Sengupta , Koel Chaudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research findings on the relationship between blood cholesterol levels and lung cancer (LC) risk have been inconsistent, leading to inconclusive evidence regarding a definitive association. The present meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the association of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with the risk of LC, taking into consideration all relevant prospective cohort studies. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched from January 2005 to Dec 2024 to identify potentially relevant articles. This meta-analysis included articles reporting the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. lowest categories of at least one blood cholesterol component (TC, HDL-C, or LDL-C) or sufficient data to calculate the same in relation to the risk of LC. Based on the eligibility criteria, a total of 13 prospective cohort studies involving 2,718,010 individuals and 24,842 LC cases were included. The main analysis revealed a significant inverse association between HDL-C and the risk of LC (pooled HR = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.74–0.92). No statistically significant associations were observed for TC or LDL-C in relation to LC risk. In conclusion, higher HDL-C levels appear to be significantly associated with a lower risk of LC, whereas no significant associations is evident for TC or LDL-C. Maintaining healthy HDL-C levels through a balanced diet and regular exercise may help reduce LC incidence. Nonetheless, further large-scale prospective studies with adequate adjustment for confounding and preclinical bias are warranted to ascertain the potential causality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC), diagnosed in individuals under 50, has seen rising incidence rates, while average-onset colorectal cancer rates decline. To understand EO-CRC burden across regions and patient characteristics, detailed incidence data are essential. With Texas's large population and unique demographics, this study examines recent trends in age-adjusted EO-CRC incidence.
Methods
This cross-sectional analysis used 2011–2019 Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) data. The incidence rate of EO-CRC was adjusted to the 2000 US standard population and was stratified by cancer type, sex, race/ethnicity, and stage at diagnosis. The number of EO-CRC cases between 2011 and 2019 was mapped to the Texas counties.
Results
In the study period, a total of 11,848 EO-CRC (7511 colon cancer [EO-CC] and 4337 rectal cancer [EO-RC]) cases were identified. Over 50 % of cases were diagnosed before the age of 45. The age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of EO-CRC showed a slightly increasing trend over the study period (AAIR range: 10.4/100,000 persons [95 % CI = 9.8–11.0]- 12.7/100,000 persons [95 % CI = 12.0–13.3]). The AAIRs of EO-CRC among males were higher than that of females. Non-Hispanic (NH) White population had the highest AAIR, followed by the Black population and Hispanic population, while other races/ethnicities had the lowest AAIR of EO-CRC. The incidence rate of EO-CRC diagnosed at the regional stage was the highest and showed the steepest increasing trend. While EO-CRC case density by county reflects the population density, incidence rates were higher in rural counties.
Conclusion
The incidence of EO-CRC in Texas showed an increasing trend from 2011 to 2019, with notable disparities by sex, race/ethnicity, and cancer stage.
背景：早发性结直肠癌（EO-CRC）在50岁以下的人群中被诊断出来，发病率上升，而平均发病的结直肠癌发病率下降。为了了解不同地区的EO-CRC负担和患者特征，详细的发病率数据是必不可少的。由于德克萨斯州人口众多，人口结构独特，本研究探讨了年龄调整后的EO-CRC发病率的最新趋势。方法：采用2011-2019年德克萨斯州癌症登记处（TCR）数据进行横断面分析。EO-CRC的发病率调整为2000年美国标准人群，并按癌症类型、性别、种族/民族和诊断分期进行分层。2011年至2019年期间的EO-CRC病例数被映射到德克萨斯州各县。结果：研究期间共发现EO-CRC 11,848例（其中结肠癌[EO-CC] 7511例，直肠癌[EO-RC] 4337例）。超过50% %的病例在45岁之前被诊断出来。EO-CRC的年龄调整发病率（AAIR）在研究期间呈轻微上升趋势（AAIR范围：10.4/100,000人[95 % CI = 9.8-11.0]- 12.7/100,000人[95 % CI = 12.0-13.3]）。男性的EO-CRC指数高于女性。非西班牙裔（NH）白人的AAIR最高，黑人次之，西班牙裔次之，其他种族的AAIR最低。区域阶段诊断的EO-CRC发病率最高，且呈最急剧的上升趋势。各县的EO-CRC病例密度反映了人口密度，但农村县发病率较高。结论：2011 - 2019年，德克萨斯州EO-CRC发病率呈上升趋势，性别、种族和癌症分期差异显著。
{"title":"Description and recent trends (2011–2019) of early-onset colorectal cancer incidence in Texas","authors":"Yahan Zhang , Hyeun Ah Kang , Srinivas Joga Ivatury , Claire Sokas","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC), diagnosed in individuals under 50, has seen rising incidence rates, while average-onset colorectal cancer rates decline. To understand EO-CRC burden across regions and patient characteristics, detailed incidence data are essential. With Texas's large population and unique demographics, this study examines recent trends in age-adjusted EO-CRC incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional analysis used 2011–2019 Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) data. The incidence rate of EO-CRC was adjusted to the 2000 US standard population and was stratified by cancer type, sex, race/ethnicity, and stage at diagnosis. The number of EO-CRC cases between 2011 and 2019 was mapped to the Texas counties.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the study period, a total of 11,848 EO-CRC (7511 colon cancer [EO-CC] and 4337 rectal cancer [EO-RC]) cases were identified. Over 50 % of cases were diagnosed before the age of 45. The age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of EO-CRC showed a slightly increasing trend over the study period (AAIR range: 10.4/100,000 persons [95 % CI = 9.8–11.0]- 12.7/100,000 persons [95 % CI = 12.0–13.3]). The AAIRs of EO-CRC among males were higher than that of females. Non-Hispanic (NH) White population had the highest AAIR, followed by the Black population and Hispanic population, while other races/ethnicities had the lowest AAIR of EO-CRC. The incidence rate of EO-CRC diagnosed at the regional stage was the highest and showed the steepest increasing trend. While EO-CRC case density by county reflects the population density, incidence rates were higher in rural counties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The incidence of EO-CRC in Texas showed an increasing trend from 2011 to 2019, with notable disparities by sex, race/ethnicity, and cancer stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102939
Alex Richard Costa Silva , Marcela de Araújo Fagundes , Valdete Regina Guandalini , Maria Paula Curado
Calcium has been proposed as a protective factor against certain types of cancer, but findings related to gastric cancer (GC) are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between calcium intake and the risk of GC. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science for cohort and case-control studies published up to August 19, 2024. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was tested using Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled through a random-effects model. Given the substantial heterogeneity and potential variation in intake levels across populations, a dose-response analysis was conducted to explore potential trends across the full range of calcium consumption. Thirteen studies involving 1,610,992 participants met the inclusion criteria. A non-significant inverse association was observed between total calcium intake and GC risk when comparing the highest vs lowest intake categories (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.70–1.05). While this categorical comparison was not statistically significant, the dose-response analysis revealed a significant linear protective effect, with a 10 % reduction in risk per 300 mg/day increase in dietary calcium intake (RR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.82–0.99). To account for potential variations across intake levels, a non-linear model was also applied, indicating a clearer risk reduction above 400 mg/day (p for non-linearity < 0.001). Overall, this dose-response meta-analysis suggests that higher dietary calcium intake may have a protective effect against GC, reinforcing the importance of considering calcium in dietary strategies for GC prevention, although more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Calcium intake and gastric cancer risk: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies","authors":"Alex Richard Costa Silva , Marcela de Araújo Fagundes , Valdete Regina Guandalini , Maria Paula Curado","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium has been proposed as a protective factor against certain types of cancer, but findings related to gastric cancer (GC) are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between calcium intake and the risk of GC. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science for cohort and case-control studies published up to August 19, 2024. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was tested using Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled through a random-effects model. Given the substantial heterogeneity and potential variation in intake levels across populations, a dose-response analysis was conducted to explore potential trends across the full range of calcium consumption. Thirteen studies involving 1,610,992 participants met the inclusion criteria. A non-significant inverse association was observed between total calcium intake and GC risk when comparing the highest vs lowest intake categories (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.70–1.05). While this categorical comparison was not statistically significant, the dose-response analysis revealed a significant linear protective effect, with a 10 % reduction in risk per 300 mg/day increase in dietary calcium intake (RR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.82–0.99). To account for potential variations across intake levels, a non-linear model was also applied, indicating a clearer risk reduction above 400 mg/day (p for non-linearity < 0.001). Overall, this dose-response meta-analysis suggests that higher dietary calcium intake may have a protective effect against GC, reinforcing the importance of considering calcium in dietary strategies for GC prevention, although more studies are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102926
Shibaji Gupta , Priyadharshini Babu , Debdutta Haldar , Subhadip Bag , Ilham Zaidi , Sonu Goel
Background
The convergence of climate change and cancer is an emerging research area with significant implications for public health. This bibliometric analysis aimed to map the growth, trends, contributors, collaboration networks, and thematic areas related to this field.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2024 using predefined keywords. One-hundred and nineteen eligible articles were analyzed for metrics like co-authorship networks and keywords co-occurrence.
Results
The volume of research has seen a significant rise since the 2010s. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were leading contributors, while the Low- and Middle-Income Countries were underrepresented. Dominant research themes included climate change and cancer, pollution and cancer, sun exposure, temperature and skin cancer, and air pollution and climate change. Air pollution and particulate matter were identified as high-density and centrality motor themes.
Conclusion
This analysis provides a first-of-its-kind mapping of 2 decades of global research at the intersection of climate change and cancer. Future research should prioritize global South perspectives, context-specific investigations, and longitudinal studies integrating registry data for in-depth studies to elucidate the causal relationships between climate change and cancer types. The oncology community should engage in climate action through mitigation and adaptation strategies.
{"title":"The intersection of climate change and cancer across global populations: A bibliometric analysis (2000–2024)","authors":"Shibaji Gupta , Priyadharshini Babu , Debdutta Haldar , Subhadip Bag , Ilham Zaidi , Sonu Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The convergence of climate change and cancer is an emerging research area with significant implications for public health. This bibliometric analysis aimed to map the growth, trends, contributors, collaboration networks, and thematic areas related to this field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2024 using predefined keywords. One-hundred and nineteen eligible articles were analyzed for metrics like co-authorship networks and keywords co-occurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The volume of research has seen a significant rise since the 2010s. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were leading contributors, while the Low- and Middle-Income Countries were underrepresented. Dominant research themes included climate change and cancer, pollution and cancer, sun exposure, temperature and skin cancer, and air pollution and climate change. Air pollution and particulate matter were identified as high-density and centrality motor themes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This analysis provides a first-of-its-kind mapping of 2 decades of global research at the intersection of climate change and cancer. Future research should prioritize global South perspectives, context-specific investigations, and longitudinal studies integrating registry data for in-depth studies to elucidate the causal relationships between climate change and cancer types. The oncology community should engage in climate action through mitigation and adaptation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102934
Qian Chen , Ian Campbell , Mark Elwood , Alana Cavadino , Phyu Sin Aye , Sandar Tin Tin
Purpose
Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist in treatment of invasive breast cancer in New Zealand. This study investigated trends and disparities in locoregional treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected by BreastScreen Aotearoa (BSA), the national breast screening programme.
Methods
Women with programme-detected DCIS from 1999 to 2022 were identified from BSA records linked to the national cancer registry and hospital discharge records. Logistic regression identified associated factors.
Results
Of the 6087 cases identified, 39.7 % received breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with radiotherapy (RT), 31.5 % had mastectomy and 28.8 % had BCS alone. BCS with RT increased from 27.6 % in 1999 to 41.1 % in 2006, followed by a modest increase to 46.7 % in 2022, while mastectomy decreased from 33.3 % in 1999 to 25.4 % in 2022. The post-BCS RT use was less common among Pacific women. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) increased from 6.2 % in 2004 (when it was implemented nationwide) to 26.0 % in 2007, then reached 37.1 % in 2013, before declining to 24.5 % in 2022. Pacific and Asian women who had mastectomy were more likely to have SLNB. Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after a mastectomy increased from 11.4 % in 1999 to 39.8 % in 2009, then underwent a modest decline to 22.7 % in 2022. Māori, older women, and those living in the deprived or rural areas were less likely to receive IBR.
Conclusion
Locoregional treatment for programme-detected DCIS has improved over time; however, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities persist, underscoring the need to improve equity of cancer care in New Zealand.
{"title":"Trends and disparities in locoregional treatment of programme-detected ductal carcinoma in situ in New Zealand women, 1999–2022","authors":"Qian Chen , Ian Campbell , Mark Elwood , Alana Cavadino , Phyu Sin Aye , Sandar Tin Tin","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist in treatment of invasive breast cancer in New Zealand. This study investigated trends and disparities in locoregional treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected by BreastScreen Aotearoa (BSA), the national breast screening programme.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Women with programme-detected DCIS from 1999 to 2022 were identified from BSA records linked to the national cancer registry and hospital discharge records. Logistic regression identified associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 6087 cases identified, 39.7 % received breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with radiotherapy (RT), 31.5 % had mastectomy and 28.8 % had BCS alone. BCS with RT increased from 27.6 % in 1999 to 41.1 % in 2006, followed by a modest increase to 46.7 % in 2022, while mastectomy decreased from 33.3 % in 1999 to 25.4 % in 2022. The post-BCS RT use was less common among Pacific women. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) increased from 6.2 % in 2004 (when it was implemented nationwide) to 26.0 % in 2007, then reached 37.1 % in 2013, before declining to 24.5 % in 2022. Pacific and Asian women who had mastectomy were more likely to have SLNB. Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after a mastectomy increased from 11.4 % in 1999 to 39.8 % in 2009, then underwent a modest decline to 22.7 % in 2022. Māori, older women, and those living in the deprived or rural areas were less likely to receive IBR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Locoregional treatment for programme-detected DCIS has improved over time; however, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities persist, underscoring the need to improve equity of cancer care in New Zealand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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