Cancer Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Understanding female breast cancer risk in the Indian population: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Saravanan Vijayakumar,&nbsp;Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy ,&nbsp;Abhishek David George,&nbsp;Anita Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer incidence in India is expected to rise by about 5.6 % annually, translating to an estimated increase of 0.05 million new cases per year. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the influence of India's unique context on breast cancer risk by identifying and synthesising population-specific risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic literature search across the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to December 22, 2024. Observational studies assessing breast cancer risk factors among Indian women were included, and quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model estimated pooled associations between key risk factors and breast cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 1871 articles identified, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria of which case-control studies were of moderate to high quality. The meta-analysis revealed significant positive associations with breast cancer risk for late menopause (age &gt;50 years), delayed first pregnancy or childbirth (age &gt;30 years), multiple abortions, higher age at marriage, increased waist-to-hip ratio (≥0.85), and family history of cancer, particularly breast cancer. Among lifestyle factors, poor sleep quality, irregular sleep patterns, sleeping in a lighted room, and elevated stress levels were also positively associated with risk in individual studies. In contrast, higher levels of physical activity showed an inverse association.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Reproductive timing, hormonal exposure, central obesity, and family history influence breast cancer risk primarily among Indian women. In conclusion, the review highlights the critical need for large, extensive, population-based prospective cohort studies in India to define breast cancer prevention and early detection strategies with greater precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiologic profile and prognostic patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Southern European population – Madeira, Portugal: Insight into a preventable cancer","authors":"Pedro H. Berenguer ,&nbsp;Cláudia Fraga ,&nbsp;Sara Müller ,&nbsp;Patrícia Serrão ,&nbsp;Carolina Camacho ,&nbsp;Laurentina Silva ,&nbsp;Nuno Ladeira ,&nbsp;Paulo S. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Carolina Sales","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Liver cancer is the sixth most common and third deadliest cancer worldwide. In Portugal, it remains highly lethal, with 1740 new cases and 1611 deaths estimated in 2022. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main histological type and exhibits variation in risk factors and outcomes. Unlike many malignancies, HCC arises predominantly in chronically diseased tissues and is largely attributable to four modifiable etiologies: hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to characterize HCC etiology-specific incidence and prognostic patterns in the Madeira islands, Portugal.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All HCC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2023 were identified through the Madeira Cancer Registry. Etiologies and risk factors were assigned using clinical records, serological markers, and ICD-coded discharge data. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were computed using the world and the 2000 U.S. standard population. Survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 240 HCC cases, the leading etiology was ALD (50.0 %), followed by MASLD (17.1 %), HBV (16.5 %), and HCV (11.9 %). Male incidence was nearly 8-fold higher than female incidence (ASIR: 6.9 vs. 0.9 per 100,000), with ALD dominating among men and MASLD among women. No significant temporal change in HCC incidence was observed. Most patients (63.8 %) were diagnosed at advanced stages. The age-adjusted 5-year survival was 5.6 %, and median survival was 6 months. Cancer stage was the strongest prognostic factor, while HCC etiology was not independently associated with survival.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HCC in Madeira presents a distinct etiologic and prognostic pattern, marked by a high ALD burden among men, a MASLD burden among women, and poor survival due to late-stage diagnosis. These findings highlight the urgency of expanding liver cancer surveillance, integrating metabolic risk management, and targeting alcohol misuse through population-level interventions, especially among males and older patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-based trends in gastrointestinal cancer incidence and mortality in New Zealand: A 11-year analysis","authors":"Lelwala Guruge Thushani Shanika ,&nbsp;Robin Turner ,&nbsp;Sharon Pattison ,&nbsp;Rhiannon Braund","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major contributor to the global cancer burden. However, no previous study has examined incidence and mortality across all GI cancer sites within a population, stratified by sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This retrospective, population-based study aimed to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of GI cancer incidence and mortality in New Zealand (NZ) from 2009 to 2019 and examining patterns across demographic subgroups. GI cancer cases (ICD-10-AM C15–C26) were identified from the NZ Cancer Registry and linked to the Mortality Collection to assess mortality. Baseline demographics were summarised, and age-standardised incidence and GI cancer-specific mortality rates were calculated. A total of 57,707 GI cancers were diagnosed in 55,611 individuals. The mean age at diagnosis and death were 69.9 (SD: 13.4) and 73.9 (SD: 12.9), respectively. Of those diagnosed with GI cancer, 54.4 % were male. Incidence trends varied by cancer site: small intestinal cancer increased annually (3 % in males, 4 % in females), while stomach and colorectal cancer incidence declined modestly for both sexes. GI cancer mortality declined significantly across all sites (males: RR=0.92;95 %CI:0.88,0.96;p = 0.002); females: RR= 0.91;95 %CI:0.87,0.96; p = 0.002). Māori and Pacific peoples had the highest incidence and mortality rates for stomach (incidence: 13.2 and 14.2; mortality: 9.3 and 7.1 per 100,000) and liver/biliary tract cancers (incidence: 14.1 and 18.1; mortality: 12.0 and 13.9 per 100,000). A clear socioeconomic gradient was observed, with higher incidence and mortality in the most deprived areas. This study reveals clear disparities in GI cancer incidence and mortality across sex, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in NZ. These patterns highlight the importance of tailoring cancer prevention and early detection efforts to ensure they reach the communities most affected. A stronger focus on equity is needed, not just in NZ, but also in other settings where similar gaps in cancer outcomes persist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden and determinants of benign prostate hyperplasia in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kedir Seid ,&nbsp;Abel Tibebu Goshu ,&nbsp;Sintayehu Samuel Lorato ,&nbsp;Mitiku Desalegn ,&nbsp;Kelemu Abebe Gelaw ,&nbsp;Yohannes Godie Ashebir ,&nbsp;Olyad Kuma Getahun ,&nbsp;Gebeyehu Lakew ,&nbsp;Mathewos Mekonnen Gemmechu ,&nbsp;Tiruye Menshaw Tiruneh ,&nbsp;Yibeltal Assefa Atalay ,&nbsp;Amlaku Nigusie Yirsaw ,&nbsp;Eyob Ketema Bogale ,&nbsp;Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu ,&nbsp;Tewodros Shitemaw Tekoye ,&nbsp;Genanew Kassie Getahun","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence and determinants of benign prostate hyperplasia in Africa via a meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This report was presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses checklist. Thirteen articles were searched via PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and African Journal Online. Data were extracted via Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA 17 for analysis. The data were analyzed via the random effects model. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by Cochran’s Q test and I² statistics. Publication bias was detected via funnel plots and Egger’s test.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>In 13 studies conducted in Africa, with a sample size of 5619 people between 2011 and 2024, the pooled prevalence of benign prostate hyperplasia was 44 % (95 % CI 31 %-57 %) in Africa. According to the subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence was greater in studies published from 2011--2018 (56 % (95 % CI: 38--73)) than in those published from 2019--2024 (34 %). The pooled prevalence rates were also greater in those with sample sizes &gt; 500 than in those with sample sizes &lt; 500 (45 % vs 41 %). Family history of BPH (OR = 5.56; 95 % CI; 1<strong>.</strong>57, 9.55), difficulty in sexual activity (OR = 13.14; 95 % CI: 5.50, 20.77), use of traditional eye medication (OR = 2.27; 95 % CI: 1.68, 2.86), family history (OR = 4.93; 95 % CI: 3.13, 6.72) and inadequate sleeping time (OR = 2.90, 95 % CI = 2.25–3.55) were factors associated with benign prostate hyperplasia among adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The pooled prevalence of BPH among adults living in Africa was significant. Family history, difficulty in sexual activity and inadequate sleeping time were significantly associated with benign prostate hyperplasia. The greater burden of BPH across the country calls for efforts by health policy makers to pay attention to it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer screening knowledge and health literacy among rural women Aged 30–69","authors":"Kübra Akalın ,&nbsp;Ecem Çiçek Gümüş ,&nbsp;İlknur Dolu","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High participation rates are essential for the success of cancer screening programs; however, sustaining consistent engagement is a persistent challenge, especially in rural populations. To investigate the health literacy and cancer screening knowledge levels of women aged 30–69 living in rural areas who are eligible for at least one type of cancer screening, and to identify factors associated with cancer-related knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 365 rural women aged 30–69 years who attended a Central Public Health Center between February and August 2025, in a province located in the northwestern region of Türkiye. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire, the Knowledge Scale for Cancer Screening, and the Turkiye Health Literacy Scale-32, and analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 81.1 % of participants reported having undergone breast cancer screening, 59.7 % cervical cancer screening, and 50.0 % colorectal cancer screening. According to the linear regression analysis, a history of cervical cancer screening (β=0.243; t(10) = 3.235; p = 0.001) and scores on the TSOY-32 subscale for disease prevention and health promotion (β=0.202; t(10) = 2.372; p = 0.018) were significant predictors of cancer screening knowledge.<em>Conclusion</em>: Our study identifies potential factors that may enhance knowledge of cancer screening, which in turn could contribute to increasing the uptake of cancer screening tests. The most significant indicators were high level of health literacy related to disease prevention and health promotion as well as a previous experience with cervical cancer screening. These factors should be considered in the development of targeted interventions to increase cancer screening participation among women in rural settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemotherapy use in ovarian cancer patients diagnosed 2012–2017 in Australia, Canada, Norway and the UK: An International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) population-based study","authors":"Matthew E. Barclay ,&nbsp;Sean McPhail ,&nbsp;Shane A. Johnson ,&nbsp;Ruth Swann ,&nbsp;John Butler ,&nbsp;Christian J. Finley ,&nbsp;Andriana Barisic ,&nbsp;Damien Bennett ,&nbsp;Oliver Bucher ,&nbsp;Nicola Creighton ,&nbsp;Cheryl A. Denny ,&nbsp;Ron A. Dewar ,&nbsp;David W. Donnelly ,&nbsp;Laura Downie ,&nbsp;Norah Finn ,&nbsp;Steven Habbous ,&nbsp;Dyfed W. Huws ,&nbsp;Leon May ,&nbsp;Bjørn Møller ,&nbsp;David S. Morrison ,&nbsp;Georgios Lyratzopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe use of chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer in national or sub-national populations of Australia, Canada, Norway and the UK.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Linked population-based data sources were used to describe use and time to chemotherapy initiation in ovarian cancer patients diagnosed in study periods during 2012–2017. Random-effects meta-analysis characterised the size of interjurisdictional variation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 39,879 patients, chemotherapy use ranged from 49 % (Wales) to 75 % (Manitoba). Across jurisdictions, chemotherapy use was higher in advanced disease (79 %, 95 %CI: 74 %–83 %), and lower for stages 1–2 or localised/regional disease (54 %, 95 %CI: 48 %–60 %). Within jurisdictions, chemotherapy use was similar in patients aged 15–64 and 65–74 and then decreased sharply with increasing age. There was large interjurisdictional variation in chemotherapy use in patients aged 85–99 years with advanced disease, being, for example, 23 % (95 %CI: 20 %–25 %) in England and 61 % (95 %CI: 51 %–70 %) in Ontario. However, jurisdictions with the highest chemotherapy use in recorded advanced stage, including Ontario, tended to have higher percentage of missing stage information. Overall, time from diagnosis to chemotherapy initiation was shorter in New South Wales and Victoria and longer in Scotland and Wales. In patients with advanced disease, interjurisdictional variation in time-to-treatment was limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Even within the same age groups and stage strata, use of chemotherapy varied substantially between jurisdictions during the mid-2010s. Future work should examine use of surgery in combination with chemotherapy. The reasons for the international variation in chemotherapy use and its contribution to international variation in survival should be established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival disparities in non-small cell lung cancer: Disaggregating Asians from NHPI and identifying variability among common Asian subgroups – The largest single-center study in Hawaiʻi","authors":"Chalothorn Wannaphut ,&nbsp;Manasawee Tanariyakul ,&nbsp;Gene T. Yoshikawa ,&nbsp;Brenda Y. Hernandez ,&nbsp;Nicolas A. Villanueva ,&nbsp;Jared D. Acoba","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute emphasize the need to disaggregate data for U.S. Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) populations to better understand racial disparities in cancer outcomes. Asian populations are diverse, with distinct genetic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds that differ from those of NHPI, influencing cancer prognosis. This study analyzes non-small cell lung cancer outcomes among Asian and NHPI populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study identified NSCLC patients treated at Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, from 2000 to 2022. Patients were categorized into six racial/ethnic groups: White, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Other Asians, and NHPI. Survival differences were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort comprised 4160 patients, including 977 White, 419 Chinese, 968 Japanese, 724 Filipino, 217 Other Asians, and 855 NHPI patients. NHPI had the highest proportion of individuals under 60 years old (27.5 %), the highest percentage of Medicaid/uninsured (37 %), and the lowest proportion receiving surgery (23.4 %) compared to other races (p &lt; 0.001). Median overall survival (OS) was 20.9 (18.3–23.5) months for White patients, 22.3 (17.8–26.9) months for Chinese patients, 17.7(15.3–20.2) months for Japanese patients, 19.7(16.1–23.3) months for Filipino patients, 25.7(14.7–36.6) months for Other Asians patients and 14.7(12.0–17.3) months for NHPI patients (p &lt; 0.001). Asian NSCLC patients had a lower risk of death compared to White patients (adjusted HR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.85–0.97, p = 0.010). In contrast, NHPI patients had a higher mortality rate compared to White patients (adjusted HR 1.15, 95 % CI 1.03–1.28, p = 0.011) in the multivariable analysis without treatment. However, both associations were no longer statistically significant after additional adjustment for treatment. Subgroup analyses of Asian patients compared to Whites patients revealed that the Chinese patients had the lowest risk of death, with this difference remaining significant even after adjusting for treatment (adjusted HR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.72–0.93, p = 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate the heterogeneity in NSCLC outcomes between U.S. Asians and NHPI patients as well as among individual Asian ethnic populations. Further research is needed to validate these differences and their clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical rule-based indicator to identify recurrence of colorectal cancer after curative resection using linked routinely collected national data","authors":"Orouba Almilaji ,&nbsp;Linda Sharples ,&nbsp;Ajay Aggarwal ,&nbsp;David Cromwell ,&nbsp;Kieran Horgan ,&nbsp;Michael Braun ,&nbsp;Robert Arnott ,&nbsp;Julie Nossiter ,&nbsp;Angela Kuryba ,&nbsp;Alexandra Lewin ,&nbsp;Thomas Cowling ,&nbsp;Jan Van Der Meulen ,&nbsp;Kate Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer recurrence is under-recorded in most national cancer registries. We developed and validated a clinical rule-based indicator to identify recurrence after curative major resection in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), based on national routinely collected administrative hospital records and chemotherapy and radiotherapy datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Recurrence was defined as the cancer becoming clinically detectable again after a period of “remission” (nine months to five years after curative major resection). 34,984 CRC patients aged 18–75 years undergoing curative major resection for non-metastatic disease diagnosed between August 2014 and September 2019 in the English Cancer Registry were identified and linked to records of outpatient visits and admissions in English administrative hospital data and to chemotherapy and radiotherapy datasets. The indicator was developed with a panel of surgical and oncological experts, based on relevant diagnosis (ICD-10), procedure (OPCS-4), and administrative codes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 34,984 patients, the indicator identified 6556 (18.7 %) as having recurrence. 6173 (94.2 %) of which could be identified using administrative hospital data of admitted patients alone. Recurrence was found in a greater proportion of rectal cancer patients, and in those with more advanced T stage and N stage, and higher cancer grade. Overall and recurrence-free five-year survival from surgery was 88.7 % and 77.4 %, respectively. Two-year overall survival after recurrence was 63.9 %. 135 (82.8 %) of the 163 patients who self-reported recurrence in a national patient experience survey, and 1412 (95.2 %) of the 1483 patients with reported recurrence/progression in Cancer Registry data had recurrence defined by the developed indicator.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The validity of the CRC recurrence indicator was supported by observed associations with tumour characteristics, self-reported recurrence, and poor overall survival in patients with recurrence. This indicator can be used in research and service evaluation, to overcome the problem of incomplete cancer recurrence recording in most national cancer registries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and ovarian cancer survival: the Ovarian cancer Prognosis And Lifestyle (OPAL) study","authors":"Azam Majidi ,&nbsp;Renhua Na ,&nbsp;Susan J. Jordan ,&nbsp;Tanya L. Ross ,&nbsp;Anna DeFazio ,&nbsp;Michael Friedlander ,&nbsp;Peter Grant ,&nbsp;Penelope M. Webb","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>There is some evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) might improve cancer survival, but reliable data for ovarian cancer are scarce. We evaluated this using data from the prospective Ovarian cancer Prognosis and Lifestyle (OPAL) study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We included 954 Australian women diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 and considered pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis medication use and ovarian cancer survival. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for all medication users and monotherapy users (those who used a single medication). We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting to further reduce confounding and estimated restricted mean survival time at 7 years (end of study).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed a modest association between ARB use before or after diagnosis and progression-free and ovarian cancer-specific survival. Estimates were further from the null for post-diagnosis use ARB monotherapy, and when weighted for users (pre-diagnosis use aHR=0.71, 95 %CI: 0.51–0.98; post-diagnosis use aHR=0.60, 0.36–1.01 for ovarian cancer-specific survival). If real, this would translate to a 6-month increase in mean survival for ARB monotherapy. The associations were attenuated in models weighted for all women. There was little evidence of an association with ACE inhibitors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Further evaluation in larger cohorts is required to confirm these findings. If the observed associations are confirmed, ARBs may warrant consideration as a first line hypertension treatment for women with ovarian cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital-based gallbladder cancer registry from a high-volume referral cancer centre in India: Insights into epidemiology and roadmap for enhancing cancer care","authors":"Shraddha Patkar ,&nbsp;Tanvi M. Shah ,&nbsp;Gurudutt Varty ,&nbsp;Abdeali Saif A. Kaderi ,&nbsp;Vishnu Menon ,&nbsp;D. Baskaran ,&nbsp;Vikas Ostwal ,&nbsp;Anant Ramaswamy ,&nbsp;Mukta Ramadwar ,&nbsp;Rajesh Dikshit ,&nbsp;Mahesh Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a significant public health concern in India, with a high disease burden and complex challenges in delivering effective care. This registry aims to shed light on the epidemiology, and barriers to early detection and treatment, to inform future research and policy initiatives.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From January 2019 to December 2022, all consecutive patients with a presumed diagnosis of GBC, presenting to our institution were prospectively enrolled after informed consent. Each patient completed a standardized questionnaire, and clinical, radiologic and treatment data were recorded in a case record form. Management followed standard institutional protocols. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan–Meier curves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1950 patients were included, 1441 (73.9 %) of these hailed from the Gangetic belt region (northern and eastern states); an additional 209 (10.7 %) were migrants from these regions, representing 84.6 % of the cohort. Over 55 % belonged to lower socioeconomic classes. At presentation, 60 % had metastatic disease; only 318 (16.3 %) were eligible for curative-intent therapy, and 132 (6.8 %) did not complete planned treatment. Treatment dropout correlated significantly with male gender (p = 0.012) and unemployment (p = 0.014). After a median follow-up of 38.2 months, median overall survival was 58.2 months for early-stage patients versus 4.2 months for those with metastatic disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This registry is an attempt to generate evidence-based awareness about the substantial disease burden of gallbladder cancers in India and highlights the un-met need for capacity building of our health system, in order to provide, timely, accessible and cost-effective management of this disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}