Cancer Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Patient demographic and prognostic factors of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: A National Cancer Database Study","authors":"Grace Folino ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Byrne ,&nbsp;Mya Hendry ,&nbsp;Peter Silberstein ,&nbsp;Marco DiBlasi","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma (VSCC) incidence rates and clinical outcomes are correlated with demographic factors, but no study expansively investigates demographic and prognostic factors of VSCC in relation to survival in the post-Gardasil era. This study aims to investigate underlying disparities in VSCC and correlate these factors with survival.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients were identified from the National Cancer Database using ICD-10 codes specific for vulvar structures, ICD-O-3 histology codes for squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignant vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Grade III (VIN3), and patient data from 2007 to 2021. Statistical analyses utilized IBM SPSS and GraphPad Prism to determine variable frequency with cross analysis and Chi-Squared tests, Kaplan Meier Survival Curves with Log-Rank Pairwise Comparison, and Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total patient population was 58,732 patients after inclusion criteria. The median age of diagnosis was 64.0 years old. Significant prognostic factors resulting in better survival included VIN3 histology, lower Charlson-Deyo Score, Black race, receiving care from Academic/Research Programs, private insurance, and median income greater than $63,000. Surgical procedures were significant in improving survival. Black patients are diagnosed younger than White and Other races. A histology type of VIN3 was associated with increased survival time, indicating early identification and treatment for better outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Key demographic and prognostic factors that influence survival were identified across the VSCC population. This study may serve as a tool in reevaluation of current gynecological screening protocols to promote early diagnosis and management for the entire VSCC patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description and recent trends (2011–2019) of early-onset colorectal cancer incidence in Texas","authors":"Yahan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hyeun Ah Kang ,&nbsp;Srinivas Joga Ivatury ,&nbsp;Claire Sokas","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC), diagnosed in individuals under 50, has seen rising incidence rates, while average-onset colorectal cancer rates decline. To understand EO-CRC burden across regions and patient characteristics, detailed incidence data are essential. With Texas's large population and unique demographics, this study examines recent trends in age-adjusted EO-CRC incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional analysis used 2011–2019 Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) data. The incidence rate of EO-CRC was adjusted to the 2000 US standard population and was stratified by cancer type, sex, race/ethnicity, and stage at diagnosis. The number of EO-CRC cases between 2011 and 2019 was mapped to the Texas counties.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the study period, a total of 11,848 EO-CRC (7511 colon cancer [EO-CC] and 4337 rectal cancer [EO-RC]) cases were identified. Over 50 % of cases were diagnosed before the age of 45. The age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of EO-CRC showed a slightly increasing trend over the study period (AAIR range: 10.4/100,000 persons [95 % CI = 9.8–11.0]- 12.7/100,000 persons [95 % CI = 12.0–13.3]). The AAIRs of EO-CRC among males were higher than that of females. Non-Hispanic (NH) White population had the highest AAIR, followed by the Black population and Hispanic population, while other races/ethnicities had the lowest AAIR of EO-CRC. The incidence rate of EO-CRC diagnosed at the regional stage was the highest and showed the steepest increasing trend. While EO-CRC case density by county reflects the population density, incidence rates were higher in rural counties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The incidence of EO-CRC in Texas showed an increasing trend from 2011 to 2019, with notable disparities by sex, race/ethnicity, and cancer stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of advanced-stage breast cancer at diagnosis in Arab countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi ,&nbsp;Rami H. Al-Rifai ,&nbsp;Iffat Elbarazi ,&nbsp;Abubaker Suliman ,&nbsp;Sara Omer Alabass ,&nbsp;Iman Osman Abufatima ,&nbsp;Sagad Omer Obeid Mohamed ,&nbsp;Mohammed Khogali ,&nbsp;Emad Masuadi","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women in Arab countries, where a substantial proportion present with advanced-stage disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of stage III–IV breast cancer at diagnosis across the region. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the WHO Virtual Health Library on March 22, 2025, for studies reporting stage at diagnosis among women with breast cancer in Arab countries. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, and risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of advanced-stage presentation overall and by country. From 678 screened records, 26 studies from 13 countries comprising 14,176 women were included. The pooled prevalence of stage III–IV breast cancer at diagnosis was 46·0 % (95 % CI 43·0–50·0; I²=93·6 %), with marked heterogeneity across settings (range 13·0 % in Bahrain to 67·0 % in Libya and Yemen). Country-level subgroup differences were statistically significant (χ²=3271·72, df=12; p &lt; 0·001), suggesting that national context may substantially influence diagnostic stage. Egger’s test showed evidence of small-study effects (intercept=1·23; p = 0·048). These findings highlight the enduring challenge of late breast cancer diagnosis in the Arab region. Urgent investment in early detection strategies through population-based screening, public awareness, and timely access to diagnostic services is critical to reducing mortality and improving outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and characteristics of early-onset colorectal cancer in the state of Florida, 2002–2021","authors":"Young-Rock Hong ,&nbsp;Lee Revere ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Ross ,&nbsp;Peihua Qiu ,&nbsp;Mattia Prosperi ,&nbsp;Thomas J. George ,&nbsp;Beth A. Virnig","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as diagnosis before age 50, is a growing public health concern. Despite increasing national incidence among younger adults, state-specific analyses for Florida remain limited. Florida's large and demographically unique population necessitates investigation into EOCRC trends and patient characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based study utilized colorectal cancer incidence data for Florida residents aged 25–49 diagnosed between 2002 and 2021, from the Florida Cancer Data System and National Program of Cancer Registries. Joinpoint regression evaluated age-adjusted incidence trends across demographic and clinical factors. Age-period-cohort analysis explored generational effects, while multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with advanced-stage diagnosis (regional or distant).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 16,318 EOCRC cases identified during 2002–2021, overall incidence increased significantly (AAPC=1.48 %, P &lt; .001), driven primarily by colon cancers (AAPC=1.53 %, P &lt; .001), while rectal cancers showed non-significant increase (AAPC=0.53 %, P = 0.185). A concerning shift toward advanced stages at diagnosis emerged (P &lt; 0.001), with localized disease decreasing from 32.8 % to 26.2 %, while regional (34.6–41.0 %) and distant metastases (21.9–26.8 %) increased substantially. This stage migration was confirmed by significant increases in regional (AAPC=2.10 %, P &lt; .001) and distant disease (AAPC=2.71 %, P &lt; .001) incidence. Strong birth cohort effects, indicating increasing risk with rate ratios exceeding 2.0 for recent cohorts, were evident predominantly in non-Hispanic White individuals. Conversely, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients showed no significant cohort effects but consistently presented with higher odds of advanced-stage disease compared to non-Hispanic Whites (AOR=1.13 and AOR=1.11, respectively). Uninsured (AOR=1.23) and Medicaid-covered patients (AOR=1.52) faced significantly higher odds of advanced presentation compared to privately insured individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Florida experienced sustained EOCRC incidence increases from 2002 to 2021, accompanied by advanced-stage diagnosis increases and notable disparities. Birth cohort effects primarily drove increased risk in non-Hispanic White populations, while barriers to timely care, including insurance status, likely contributed to delayed diagnoses in minority communities, underscoring urgent needs for targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends and spatial distribution of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in a northeastern Brazilian state","authors":"Ana Clara Cruz Santos de Santana ,&nbsp;Ellen Sabrina Ramos Santos ,&nbsp;Jefferson Felipe Calazans Batista ,&nbsp;Alex Rodrigues Moura ,&nbsp;Simone Soraia Silva Sardeiro ,&nbsp;Brenda Evelin Barreto da Silva ,&nbsp;Carlos Anselmo Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prostate cancer incidence and mortality exhibit regional variation often linked to disparities in healthcare access and disease management. This study aimed to analyze temporal trends and spatial distribution of prostate cancer incidence (1996–2017) and mortality (1996–2022) in Sergipe, Brazil, to support targeted cancer control strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed prostate cancer data from the Aracaju Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the World Standard Population. Joinpoint regression estimated Annual Percent Change (APC) and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) to assess trends. The Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio (MIR) and its complement (1–MIR) were used as proxies for survival. Spatial distribution was examined using Empirical Bayesian Kriging and local empirical Bayes smoothing in QGIS and TerraView.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 1996 and 2017, 10,133 incident prostate cancer cases were recorded. Incidence increased until 2007 (APC=11.9 %; p &lt; 0.001), then declined (APC=–2.0 %; p = 0.027, with peaks in men aged ≥55. Mortality increased from 1996 to 2007 (APC=12.2 %; p &lt; 0.001) and subsequently stabilised between 2007 and 2022 (APC=–0.8 %; p = 0.228), resulting in an overall AAPC of 2.4 % (p = 0.002) for the entire study period. By age group, mortality rose among men ≥ 75 years (AAPC=3.2 %; p = 0.001) but declined in those aged 15–54 (AAPC=–2.4 %; p = 0.004). The MIR remained flat over time, but estimated survival dropped substantially among men aged ≥ 75 years, from 63 % to 38 %. Spatial analysis revealed higher incidence in central/coastal municipalities, while elevated mortality clustered in southern/coastal areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite improvements in incidence rates, prostate cancer remains a significant burden in Sergipe, with persistent regional disparities in outcomes. Spatial and temporal analyses highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to improve early detection and access to care, especially in areas of high social vulnerability and among older men.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half a century of cancer transition in Hungary: A visualization and assessment of mortality dynamics in the Lexis diagram, 1970–2020","authors":"András Wéber ,&nbsp;Freddie Bray ,&nbsp;Mátyás Árvai ,&nbsp;Lászlóné Hilbert ,&nbsp;Dávid Kelemen ,&nbsp;Péter Nagy ,&nbsp;István Kenessey ,&nbsp;Csaba Polgár","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Hungary is among the countries with the highest cancer mortality burden in Europe, consequently there is a crucial need to monitor changes in death rates in the population using appropriate surveillance tools. The Lexis diagram provides a means to depict age, period and cohort influences on long-term cancer mortality trends.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Age-specific mortality rates for six cancer localizations were constructed based on the Deaths Register of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and the Human Mortality Database, then smoothed (p-splines) within the cells of the Lexis diagram assuming Poisson distribution. After calculating the annual percentage change in mortality rates, the results were visualized using heat maps.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Substantial reduction in mortality was observable from the mid-1990s in both sexes as a strong period effect, depicting two distinct epidemiological eras in Hungary. Since 2010, breast cancer mortality in women among ages 70–90 (those born between 1930 and 1950) has been rising. Women born between 1940 and 50 experienced two plateaus in lung cancer mortality, unlike men, emphasizing the delayed nature of the smoking epidemic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results align with cancer transition patterns observed in similarly developed countries and emphasize a critical need to expand the implementation of effective primary and secondary prevention measures. This includes sustaining organized screening and anti-smoking programs, as well as introducing lung cancer screening with low-dose CT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspirin use associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer","authors":"Kuan-Fu Liao,&nbsp;Shih-Wei Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of population-based cancer registries for cancer surveillance and control in Latin America","authors":"Esperanza Peña-Torres ,&nbsp;Esther de Vries ,&nbsp;Marianna de Camargo Cancela ,&nbsp;Marion Piñeros-Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are essential for guiding cancer control strategies. In Latin America (LATAM), progress has been made in expanding the number of PBCRs, but their effective use in cancer control remains limited. This study assessed the current utilization of PBCR data, identified barriers and facilitators, and explored opportunities to strengthen their role in cancer control across the region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted among 81 PBCRs in LATAM between November 2023 and February 2024. Forty-three PBCRs (53.1 %) responded. The survey included questions on registry operations, data availability and dissemination, research participation, and involvement in cancer control. Open-ended responses were analyzed thematically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most registries were subnational (93 %) and hosted by local health authorities. Staffing was limited (≤5 staff in 65 %), and population coverage varied. Although 90.7 % accessed mortality data and personal identifiers, only 70 % collected staging data for screen-detectable cancers, and staging was reported in under 40 % of cases. While 84.1 % shared data for research and 68.1 % participated in research, only 39.5 % were involved in prevention studies. Data publication was often delayed, with only 44.2 % having incidence data beyond 2018. Fewer than half had published data in the past five years, and engagement with decision-makers or use in screening and palliative care programs was rare. Common barriers included limited data sources, staff shortages, fragmented medical records, and low stakeholder awareness of PBCR functions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite expanded numbers of PBCR in LATAM, their usage and integration into cancer control remains limited. Strengthening institutional support, improving data quality and recollection, as well as enhancing collaboration with health authorities and researchers are critical for maximizing the impact of PBCRs in cancer control across the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term environmental background radiation is associated with urinary tract cancer incidence: A population-based study from Finland","authors":"Peng Li ,&nbsp;Mikko Myrskylä ,&nbsp;Pekka Martikainen","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The long-term carcinogenic effects of natural radioactive elements in the environmental background on urinary tract cancer (UTC) have not been fully investigated in the general population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The entire Finnish population was linked to long-term municipality-level data on concentrations of uranium and radon in water and radon in indoor air by residential location annually between 1987 and 2016, and UTC incidence was tracked until 2021 based on multiple registries. The first principal component (PC1) of the three radiation exposures was used as a proxy for radiation exposure, and was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model for its association with UTC risk. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) and population attributable fractions (PAF) of radiation exposure were estimated. Spatial association between regional radiation exposure and UTC risk was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among a total of 2,816,495 residents with 30-year exposure data, 6718 primary UTC cases were diagnosed during 2017–2021. UTC risk increased significantly with each standard deviation (SD) increase in PC1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95 %CI 1.02–1.07). Dose-response relationship was observed when exposure was modelled via natural cubic splines. Increasing UTC incidence was observed across exposure quintiles (lowest quintile: ASR = 47, 95 % CI 45–50; highest quintile: ASR = 53, 95 %CI 50–55). About 5.1 % (PAF, 95 %CI 0.5 %–9.7 %) of UTC incidence was attributable to radiation exposure. Stronger association (HR=1.06, 95 %CI 1.03–1.09, per 1-SD increase) and attributable fraction (PAF = 9.0 %, 95 %CI 3.2 %–14.8 %) were observed among men than among women. Regional UTC risk was significantly associated with regional radiation exposure adjusted for the spatial lag effect in the total population (<em>β</em> = 0.08, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), men (<em>β</em> = 0.07, <em>p</em> &lt; 0<em>.</em>01) and women (<em>β</em> = 0.1, <em>p</em> = 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Association between long-term environmental radiation exposure and UTC risk was observed in the Finnish population. Dose-response patterns were observed, especially among men. UTC risks attributable to radiation exposure and geographical patterns warrant further investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of early-onset breast cancer in Golestan, North of Iran, 2004–2019: Disparities across residential place and ethnic region","authors":"Atefeh Gouglani ,&nbsp;Somayeh Livani ,&nbsp;Nastaran Haghshenas ,&nbsp;Moosarreza Shabihi ,&nbsp;SeyedAhmad Hosseini ,&nbsp;Hamideh Sadeghzadeh ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghasemi-Kebria ,&nbsp;Saeed Golfiroozi ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Roshandel","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC), diagnosed in women under 45 years, is a significant health issue worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology of EOBC is crucial for developing effective prevention and detection programs. We aimed to examine EOBC incidence and temporal trends in Golestan, North of Iran, from 2004 to 2019, across ethnic regions (Turkmens vs. non-Turkmens) and place of residence (urban vs. rural).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on the incidence of EOBC were obtained from the Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). Age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) was calculated and reported per 100,000 person-years. Temporal trends in the incidence of EOBC were investigated by calculating estimated annual percent changes (EAPC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 1809 new cases of EOBC were registered by GPCR during 2004–2019, with an ASR of 14.02 per 100,000, and higher rates in urban (ASR = 16.63) compared to rural areas (10.94). The non-Turkmens region (16.50) had significantly higher incidence rates of EOBC than the Turkmens region (10.53). Our findings suggested a significant increasing trend in the incidence of EOBC in Golestan (EAPC = 3.00; 95 %CI: 0.07–6.00). Notably, rural areas experienced a steeper rise (EAPC = 4.82) compared to urban areas (EAPC = 1.88), which was statistically significant in both Turkmens and non-Turkmens regions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>EOBC rates in Golestan were above the global average, with higher rates in urban and non-Turkmens populations. Our findings also suggested significant increasing trends in the incidence of EOBC, with greater changes in rural residents. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and early detection strategies in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}