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Alkali-activated and hybrid materials: Alternative to Portland cement as a storage media for solar thermal energy 碱活化和混合材料:替代波特兰水泥作为太阳能热能的储存介质
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.11.006
Irene Ramón-Álvarez , Carolina Marugán-Cruz , Esther Enríquez , Sergio Sánchez-Delgado , Manuel Torres-Carrasco

This study is part of the research line that sees it necessary to develop materials that are alternatives for Portland cement (PC), using industrial by-products such as blast furnace slag and fly ash. This line arises because of the serious environmental consequences suffered by our planet throughout many decades, which have led the cement industry to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted in the production of PC, since it is a highly polluting process. The chemical and physical properties of the materials were studied. In this way, the study of the thermal properties is interesting to test the feasibility of the mortars to use them as solid media to storage thermal energy, since most of the research focus on the thermal properties of concrete is oriented toward fire resistance. Storing solar thermal energy improves the operation of solar power thermal plants. It is being studied that the use of concrete (composed of PC) contributes efficiently to concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. To avoid the use of PC due to environmental concerns, alkaline-activated mortars are manufactured with blast furnace slag using alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and commercial sodium silicate (SiO2/Na2O = 0.8), as well as hybrid mortars using 80% fly ash or blast furnace slag and 20% PC. After experimental analysis and a simulation to measure the conduction within the mortars through a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamic software (CFD, ANSYS Fluent), it can be concluded that the mechanical and thermal properties of most of the alternative mortars manufactured in this study are better than the ones obtained in the PC. Most notably, the slag alkaline-activated mortar increases those properties significantly.

这项研究是研究路线的一部分,认为有必要开发波特兰水泥(PC)的替代品,使用工业副产品,如高炉炉渣和粉煤灰。这条线的出现是因为几十年来我们的星球遭受了严重的环境后果,这导致水泥行业减少了PC生产过程中的二氧化碳排放量,因为这是一个高污染的过程。研究了材料的化学和物理性能。因此,研究砂浆的热性能是一项有趣的工作,可以测试砂浆作为储存热能的固体介质的可行性,因为大多数对混凝土热性能的研究都是面向耐火的。储存太阳能热能可以提高太阳能热电厂的运行效率。人们正在研究使用混凝土(由PC组成)对聚光太阳能(CSP)技术的有效贡献。为了避免因环境问题而使用PC,碱活性砂浆由使用碱性溶液如氢氧化钠(NaOH)和商用硅酸钠(SiO2/Na2O = 0.8)的高炉渣制成,以及使用80%粉煤灰或高炉渣和20% PC的混合砂浆。通过商业计算流体动力学软件(CFD, ANSYS Fluent)对砂浆内部传导进行了实验分析和模拟测量,得出的结论是,本研究制造的大多数替代砂浆的力学和热性能都优于PC得到的结果。最值得注意的是,矿渣碱活化砂浆显著提高了这些性能。
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引用次数: 7
Publicar o perecer 发布消亡
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.04.003
Amador C. Caballero
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引用次数: 0
Arqueometría de ánforas prerromanas procedentes de Lisboa (Portugal) 里斯本的初步人类学(葡萄牙)
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.11.007
Juan Jesús Martín-del-Río , Vicente Flores-Alés , Francisco José García Fernández , Victor Filipe , Violeta Moreno Megías , Lidia Fernandes

In recent years, the existence of a dense pottery production in the Tagus estuary during the Iron Age, and specifically in the Lisbon area, has been highlighted. This was part of a process of economic intensification stimulated by the presence of phoenician traders. One of the most conspicuous products are amphorae containers, recently identified and classified from specimens recorded in different archaeological excavations. Imported amphorae, mostly from the south of the Iberian Peninsula, have also been found in the same contexts.

The aim of the present work is to further characterise these productions, both local and imported, through the analysis of 14 samples from excavations carried out on the slopes of the hill of Castelo de São Jorge in Lisbon. For this purpose, a petrographic study has been carried out through thin sections, as well as chemical (XRF) and mineralogical (XRD) analyses of all the sherds. A cluster analysis was applied to chemical data. In conclusion, a high degree of coincidence is observed in the results of these 3 analyses and their coherence with the previous geographical and typological ascription, proposed on the basis of the macroscopic examination.

近年来,在铁器时代的塔古斯河口,特别是在里斯本地区,存在着密集的陶器生产,这一点得到了强调。这是腓尼基商人的出现所刺激的经济强化过程的一部分。最引人注目的产品之一是双耳容器,最近从不同考古发掘中记录的标本中发现并分类。进口的双耳陶罐,大多来自伊比利亚半岛南部,也在同样的背景下被发现。目前工作的目的是通过分析在里斯本城堡de s o Jorge山坡上挖掘的14个样本,进一步表征这些本地和进口的产品。为此,通过薄片进行了岩石学研究,并对所有碎片进行了化学(XRF)和矿物学(XRD)分析。对化学数据进行聚类分析。总之,这三种分析结果具有高度的一致性,并与之前在宏观考察基础上提出的地理和类型学归属具有一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Obtention and characterization of a hybrid nanocomposite monolith by sol–gel process 溶胶-凝胶法制备杂化纳米复合单体的研究与表征
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.10.001
Maria Celeste Legarto , Damian Benito , Alberto Scian , Maria Barbara Lombardi

A monolithic porous composite was synthesized by sol–gel process, containing the maximum and significant amount of bentonite that allows its use as a filter bed in aqueous effluents treatment. This process is able to apply on an industrial scale.

The bentonite used was an efficient adsorbent for various contaminant molecules in aqueous media when is operated in a batch stirred tank, but presents difficulty in the separation stage of suspended particles. In this laboratory-scale work, cylindrical monoliths of 9 cm length by 2 cm diameter were made that can be used as a filter bed. The primary composite, silica-resin, was prepared by the sol–gel precursor mixture of the partially hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate and a phenol-formaldehyde resin. Bentonite was added to the pre-gelling, obtaining the silica-resin-bentonite composite, made up the gel which is then dried and cured at 270 °C. The different composites mineralogical and structurally were evaluated. The preliminary performance of the developed bentonite filter bed showed almost 90% adsorption of diphenylamine, a commercial agrochemical widely used as anti-antiscaldant in postharvest treatment of fruit, and showed that the bentonite conserves its adsorption capacity and controls the swelling of the interlayer space which encourages further research studies applied to water treatment.

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一种单片多孔复合材料,其中含有最大量的膨润土,可作为含水废水处理的过滤床。该工艺可以应用于工业规模。膨润土在间歇式搅拌槽中对水介质中各种污染物分子有较好的吸附剂,但在悬浮颗粒的分离阶段存在困难。在这个实验室规模的工作中,制作了长9厘米,直径2厘米的圆柱形单体,可以用作过滤床。以部分水解的四乙基硅酸盐和酚醛树脂为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶混合法制备了硅树脂复合材料。在预凝胶中加入膨润土,得到硅树脂-膨润土复合材料,制成凝胶,270℃下干燥固化。对不同的复合材料进行了矿物学和结构评价。膨润土过滤床的初步性能表明,其对二苯胺(一种广泛用于水果采后处理的抗烫剂)的吸附性能接近90%,并表明膨润土保留了其吸附能力,控制了层间空间的膨胀,这有助于进一步研究将其应用于水处理。
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引用次数: 2
Study of lithium carbonate as sintering aid for tin oxide densification trough experimental designs: Main variables and microstructure changes 通过实验设计研究碳酸锂助烧结剂对氧化锡致密化的影响:主要变量和微观结构变化
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.04.003
María-José Sánchez-Rivera , María José Orts , Valentín Pérez-Herranz , Sergio Mestre

Tin oxide is one of the most extensively studied semiconductor materials due to its broad field of applications. On the one hand, its high conductivity and its corrosion resistance are the most remarkable properties. Therefore, one of the most developed uses in the recent decades has been as ceramic electrode for electrooxidation process. On the other hand, its poor sinterability hinders a broader use. As a result, the use of advanced techniques or sintering aids for obtaining low-porosity specimens is necessary. So far, many additives have been studied, CaCO3, Co3O4, Nb2O5 or MnO2, among others. In the present work, the sintering behaviour of SnO2-based powder, containing Li2CO3 as a sintering aid, which generates a liquid phase, has been analysed, since it is one of the additives that has been studied to a lesser extent. The effect of the amount of sintering aid just like the thermal treatment parameters (maximum temperature, heating rate and soaking time) on volumetric contraction's evolution has been studied through a factorial experiment designs 2n. The results show that an amount of lithium carbonate greater than 1 mol.% is unfavourable to densification. With regards to the thermal cycle's parameters, it is advisable to have thermal treatments at high temperatures (1300 °C) with moderate soaking times (1 h), as maximum temperatures have the biggest influence on the densification followed by soaking time while the heating rate has a lesser influence. Under these conditions, a microstructure of closed and rounded pores is obtained, in which a residual phase is enclosed, but the small proportion of which prevents its characterisation.

由于其广泛的应用领域,氧化锡是研究最广泛的半导体材料之一。一方面,它的高导电性和耐腐蚀性是最显著的性能。因此,近几十年来最发达的用途之一是作为陶瓷电极用于电氧化过程。另一方面,其烧结性能差,阻碍了其更广泛的应用。因此,使用先进的技术或烧结助剂来获得低孔隙率的试样是必要的。到目前为止,已经研究了许多添加剂,CaCO3, Co3O4, Nb2O5或MnO2等。在目前的工作中,分析了含有Li2CO3作为助烧结剂的sno2基粉末的烧结行为,该粉末会产生液相,因为它是研究程度较低的添加剂之一。通过析因试验设计,研究了助烧剂用量与热处理参数(最高温度、升温速率和保温时间)对体积收缩演化的影响。结果表明,碳酸锂用量大于1mol .%不利于致密化。热循环的参数选择高温(1300℃)和中等浸泡时间(1 h)进行热处理,最高温度对致密化的影响最大,其次是浸泡时间,加热速率对致密化的影响较小。在这些条件下,获得了封闭和圆形孔隙的微观结构,其中封闭了残余相,但其比例很小,妨碍了其表征。
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引用次数: 2
Comparative study of Al-doped ZnO films deposited by sol–gel and by sputtering using a sintered target from ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel 溶胶-凝胶法制备和溅射法制备掺铝ZnO薄膜的对比研究
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.11.004
Francisco García-Salinas , Alma Vázquez-Durán , José Martín Yáñez-Limón

Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films were deposited on glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using a sintered target of nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, the four-point probe method for resistivity, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed a hexagonal structure corresponding to the wurtzite phase for all the films, nanoparticles, and sintered targets. The films deposited by sputtering showed a highly preferred orientation to the (002) plane. These films were compared structurally and electrically to those deposited by the sol–gel method. Photoluminescence spectra show a decrease in intensity due to the reduction of defects by the incorporation of Al as dopant in the ZnO films deposited by the both methods (sol–gel and sputtering). The Al-doped ZnO films deposited by sputtering reached resistivity of 0.1 Ω cm and those deposited by sol–gel reached a resistivity of 1.24 Ω cm. The physical properties of these films show potential for application in devices like sensors and biosensors.

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米颗粒烧结靶材,采用射频磁控溅射技术在玻璃衬底上制备了掺杂铝氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜。采用x射线衍射、扫描电镜、电阻率四点探针法、能量色散x射线能谱法和光致发光法对薄膜进行了表征。x射线衍射图显示,所有薄膜、纳米颗粒和烧结靶均为纤锌矿相的六边形结构。溅射沉积的薄膜表现出对(002)平面的高度优选取向。这些薄膜在结构和电学上与溶胶-凝胶法沉积的薄膜进行了比较。在溶胶-凝胶法和溅射法制备的ZnO薄膜中加入Al作为掺杂剂减少了缺陷,从而使光致发光光谱强度降低。溅射法制备的al掺杂ZnO薄膜电阻率为0.1 Ω cm,溶胶-凝胶法制备的al掺杂ZnO薄膜电阻率为1.24 Ω cm。这些薄膜的物理性质显示出在传感器和生物传感器等设备中的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 4
Two-step liquid-phase synthesis of argyrodite Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte using nonionic surfactant 非离子表面活性剂两步法液相合成银柱石Li6PS5Cl固体电解质
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.12.001
Nataly Carolina Rosero-Navarro , Hazuki Niwa , Akira Miura , Kiyoharu Tadanaga

In the present work, argyrodite Li6PS5Cl sulfide solid electrolyte is prepared by a liquid phase process, consisting of two steps: (1) suspension-reaction under the ultrasonication of Li2S, P2S5, and LiCl precursors in acetonitrile and, (2) dissolution-precipitation involving the addition of ethanol/acetonitrile and solvents removal by heating at 180 °C. The effect of the addition of a nonionic surfactant on the properties of the sulfide solid electrolyte is also studied. The synthesis process allows to obtain Li6PS5Cl argyrodite solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10−4 S cm−1, the low activation energy of 0.22 eV, and electrochemical stability up to 5 V (vs. Li). A regular particle distribution with a size smaller than 1 μm is obtained by the addition of the surfactant.

本研究采用液相法制备银汞石Li6PS5Cl硫化物固体电解质,包括两个步骤:(1)Li2S、P2S5和LiCl前驱体在乙腈中超声作用下的悬浮反应;(2)加入乙醇/乙腈并在180℃下加热去除溶剂的溶解沉淀。研究了非离子表面活性剂的加入对硫化固体电解质性能的影响。该合成工艺可获得离子电导率高达2.0 × 10−4 S cm−1、活化能低至0.22 eV、电化学稳定性高达5 V (vs. Li)的银镁石固体电解质。加入表面活性剂后,得到了粒径小于1 μm的均匀颗粒分布。
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引用次数: 0
Azucena Saavedra Pérez 阿祖塞纳·萨韦德拉·佩雷斯
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.04.004
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引用次数: 0
Sintering behaviour of a clay containing pyrophyllite, sericite and kaolinite as ceramic raw materials: Looking for the optimum firing conditions 以叶蜡石、绢云母和高岭石为陶瓷原料的粘土的烧结行为:寻找最佳烧结条件
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.09.001
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto , Eduardo Garzón , Luis Pérez-Villarejo , Dolores Eliche-Quesada

The sintering behaviour of a pyrophyllite clay has been investigated. The mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of this sample was ∼35 wt.% pyrophyllite, ∼25 wt.% sericite/illite, ∼15 wt.% kaolinite and ∼20 wt.% quartz. The chemical composition was consistent with these results, with a total flux content of 4.18 wt.%. Prismatic bars were prepared by dry pressing using this sample and fired in the range 800–1500 °C with 0.5–5 h of soaking times. Sintering diagrams were obtained using the results of linear firing shrinkage, water absorption capacity, bulk density and apparent porosity determined in the ceramic bodies as a function of firing temperatures. It was found a trend of slight variations of bulk density values firing in the range 1000–1150 °C, with marked decreases of these values for these bodies fired at 1200 °C and 1300 °C. The temperature of maximum bulk density was determined as ∼1200 °C and the vitrification temperature was ∼1300 °C where the apparent porosity becomes almost zero. The vitrification process of the pyrophyllite clay sample was investigated using a method previously described in the literature, which considered an Arrhenius approach under isothermal conditions and a first order kinetic. It was determined an activation energy (Ea) of ∼45 kJ/mol with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.998. The relative rates of vitrification were calculated. It was found that the contribution of vitrification due to the heating was relatively small compared to the vitrification during soaking. Mullite and quartz are forming the ceramic bodies besides a vitreous or glassy phase. The thermally treated pyrophyllite clay showed a dense network of rod-shaped and elongated needle-like crystals, being characteristic features of mullite as a dense felt. The vitrification rate equation, as deduced in this study by first time, can be a useful tool to estimate the optimum firing conditions of the pyrophyllite clays applied as ceramic raw materials.

研究了叶蜡石粘土的烧结行为。该样品的X射线衍射(XRD)矿物成分为~35wt%叶蜡石,~25 wt.%绢云母/伊利石,~15 wt.%高岭石和~20 wt.%石英化学成分与这些结果一致,总熔剂含量为4.18 wt.%。使用该样品通过干法压制制备棱镜棒,并在800–1500°C范围内烧制,浸泡时间为0.5–5小时。使用陶瓷体中测定的线性烧结收缩率、吸水能力、体积密度和表观孔隙率的结果作为烧结温度的函数来获得烧结图。研究发现,在1000–1150°C的温度范围内,堆密度值有轻微变化的趋势,在1200°C和1300°C的条件下,这些物体的堆密度值显著下降。最大堆积密度的温度确定为~1200°C,玻璃化温度为~1300°C,此时表观孔隙率几乎为零。使用文献中先前描述的方法研究了叶蜡石粘土样品的玻璃化过程,该方法考虑了等温条件下的阿伦尼斯方法和一阶动力学。测定的活化能(Ea)为~45 kJ/mol,线性相关系数为0.998。计算玻璃化的相对速率。研究发现,与浸泡过程中的玻璃化相比,由于加热引起的玻璃化的贡献相对较小。莫来石和石英除了形成玻璃或玻璃相外,还形成了陶瓷体。热处理的叶蜡石粘土显示出棒状和细长针状晶体的致密网络,这是莫来石作为致密毡的特征。本研究首次推导出的玻璃化速率方程,可用于估算叶蜡石粘土作为陶瓷原料的最佳烧制条件。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of rare earth additives on the properties of the PLMN-13PT:RE transparent ceramics 稀土添加剂对PLMN-13PT:RE透明陶瓷性能的影响
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.09.002
Fernando Andrés Londoño , Alvaro Herrera , Ducinei Garcia

The transparent relaxor ferroelectric ceramics of the system lanthanum modified lead magnesium niobate (PLMN-13PT) have been investigated for a variety of electro-optic, properties; good electro-optic switching times and modest half-wave voltages. In this work, the dependence of microstructural, structural, dielectrical, optical, and electro-optical properties in function of Rare Earth (RE = Tm3+, Nd3+, Yb3+, Er3+ and Ho3+) has been reported. PLMN-13PT:RE with excellent properties were obtained, highlighting the electrical, optical, and electrooptical properties, suitable for the fabrication of multifunctional devices. The most prominent or important feature is the largest quadratic Electro-optic coefficient achieved ((9.37 ± 0.39) × 10−16 m2/V2) corresponding to PLMN-13PT:Ho transparent ceramics. This result in addition to the electrical and photoluminescence properties becomes a promising alternative to building multifunctional devices.

研究了镧改性铌酸铅镁(PLMN-13PT)体系的透明弛豫铁电陶瓷的各种电光性能;良好的电光开关时间和适度的半波电压。本文报道了稀土(RE = Tm3+, Nd3+, Yb3+, Er3+和Ho3+)的微观结构,结构,介电,光学和电光性质在功能上的依赖关系。得到了性能优异的PLMN-13PT:RE,突出了电学、光学和电光性能,适合于制造多功能器件。PLMN-13PT:Ho透明陶瓷最突出或最重要的特点是获得最大的二次电光系数((9.37±0.39)× 10−16 m2/V2)。该结果除了具有电学和光致发光特性外,还成为构建多功能器件的有前途的替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
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Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio
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