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Effect of the drying procedure on hybrid sono-aereogels for organic solvent remediation 干燥程序对用于有机溶剂修复的混合声纳-气凝胶的影响
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.03.001
María Reyes-Peces , Beatriz Amaya-Dolores , Víctor Morales-Flórez , Desirée de-los-Santos , María del Mar Mesa , Luis Esquivias , Nicolás de-la-Rosa-Fox , Manuel Piñero

Hybrid organic–inorganic aerogels are highly hydrophobic porous solids that avoid the brittleness and moisture adsorption of the standard silica aerogels. Superhydrophobic porous materials have attracted great interest because of their ability for selective absorption of organic solvents while repelling water, as excellent candidates for remediation techniques. This work shows a comparative of three drying procedures of DEDMS/TEOS (diethoxydimethylsilane/tetraethylorthosilicate) gels, namely, by supercritical CO2, by supercritical ethanol, and dried at ambient conditions. Supercritical CO2 and ambient drying produced superhydrophobic aerogels (θ > 150°), while supercritical ethanol drying produces denser aerogels with smaller both porous volume and specific surface area. Regarding the absorption of organic liquids, swelling is observed in all cases. Hexane had faster diffusion that obeyed Fick's law (∝t0.5) whereas liquid polydimethylsiloxane exhibited slower non-Fickian diffusion process (∝tn, n < 0.5).

有机-无机混合气凝胶是一种高度疏水的多孔固体,可避免标准二氧化硅气凝胶的脆性和吸湿性。超疏水性多孔材料能够选择性地吸收有机溶剂,同时排斥水分,是修复技术的绝佳候选材料,因此引起了人们的极大兴趣。这项研究比较了 DEDMS/TEOS(二乙氧基二甲基硅烷/四乙基正硅酸酯)凝胶的三种干燥过程,即超临界二氧化碳干燥、超临界乙醇干燥和常温干燥。超临界二氧化碳和常温干燥产生了超疏水气凝胶(θ >150°),而超临界乙醇干燥产生的气凝胶更致密,多孔体积和比表面积都更小。关于有机液体的吸收,在所有情况下都能观察到膨胀现象。正己烷的扩散速度较快,符合费克定律(∝t0.5),而液态聚二甲基硅氧烷的非费克扩散过程较慢(∝tn, n < 0.5)。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and characterization of Faujasite-Na from fly ash by the fusion-hydrothermal method 利用熔融-水热法从粉煤灰中合成 Faujasite-Na 并确定其特性
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.01.004
Ricardo Adolfo Parra-Huertas, Carlos Ordulio Calderón-Carvajal, Jairo Alberto Gómez-Cuaspud, Enrique Vera-López

This research focused on the synthesis and characterization of Faujasite-Na zeolites from fly ash (FA). The FA was subjected to pretreatment processes, washings with hydrochloric acid solutions and heat treatments at 700 °C for 3 h, to remove unburned carbon that would affect the synthetic process. After a fusion with NaOH at 550 °C for 3 h, the resulting material was disposed in a hydrothermal reactor at 100 °C for 12 h to obtain the corresponding zeolite. The products were characterized by XRD analysis, where quartz, mullite, sillimanite and lime phases were identified for the fly ash; quartz, mullite and in higher proportion Faujasite-Na for the synthesized material. The average size of the crystals of the fly ash and zeolite Faujasite-Na was 35.0 and 38.7 nm respectively, while the FTIR results allowed the identification of vibrational bands, characteristic of SiOSi and SiO bonds. The TGA-DTA analysis, allowed the identification of signals associated with exothermic and endothermic processes related to water removal and Faujasite-Na formation, while the EDX analysis coupled to SEM allowed verifying that the composition of the samples is consistent with the results sought and that the morphological characteristics validate the proposed methodology. The XRF results confirm the composition of the fly ash and the obtained Faujasite in accordance with some previous results and an improved composition. Surface area analyses (BET) showed that synthesized Faujasite possess an active area of 460 m2 g−1 while the fly ash for its physicochemical properties just an area of 6 m2 g−1. The overall results confirmed the efficiency of Faujasite-Na synthesis from FA by the proposed fusion-hydrothermal method.

这项研究的重点是利用粉煤灰合成 Faujasite-Na 沸石并确定其特性。对粉煤灰进行了预处理、盐酸溶液洗涤和 700 °C 下 3 小时的热处理,以去除会影响合成过程的未燃碳。在 550 °C 下与 NaOH 熔合 3 小时后,将所得材料放入 100 °C 的水热反应器中 12 小时,以获得相应的沸石。通过 XRD 分析对产品进行了表征,在粉煤灰中发现了石英、莫来石、矽线石和石灰相;在合成材料中发现了石英、莫来石和比例较高的 Faujasite-Na。粉煤灰和沸石 Faujasite-Na 晶体的平均尺寸分别为 35.0 纳米和 38.7 纳米,而傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果则确定了 SiOSi 和 SiO 键的特征振动带。通过 TGA-DTA 分析,可以确定与脱水和 Faujasite-Na 形成有关的放热和吸热过程相关的信号,而结合 SEM 进行的 EDX 分析可以验证样品的成分与所寻求的结果一致,并且形态特征验证了所建议的方法。XRF 分析结果证实了粉煤灰的成分和获得的褐铁矿与之前的一些结果一致,并且成分有所改进。表面积分析(BET)显示,合成的 Faujasite 的活性面积为 460 平方米 g-1,而具有物理化学特性的粉煤灰的面积仅为 6 平方米 g-1。总体结果证实了利用拟议的熔融-水热法从 FA 合成 Faujasite-Na 的效率。
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引用次数: 6
Effect of Mo content on the properties of graphite–MoC composites sintered by spark plasma sintering Mo含量对火花等离子烧结石墨-MoC复合材料性能的影响
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.02.005
Marta Suárez , Daniel Fernández-González , Luis Antonio Díaz , Juan Piñuela-Noval , Amparo Borrell , José Serafín Moya , Ramón Torrecillas , Adolfo Fernández

Graphite–molybdenum–titanium powders prepared by colloidal processing technique were sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). This material is proposed in this manuscript due to its potential interest as heat sink. The influence of the molybdenum content (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 vol.%) on the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the composite are studied to define the composite with the best properties. Thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the composite graphite–10 vol.% Mo–1 vol.% Ti (that are composites of graphite with molybdenum and titanium carbides after sintering) are significantly better than those of the composites with lower molybdenum contents (2.5 vol.% and 5 vol.%). This way, flexural strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are 1.5, 7.8 and 18 times greater, respectively, than in the composite graphite–2.5 vol.% Mo–1 vol.% Ti. In the case of comparing with the composite graphite–5 vol.% Mo–1 vol.% Ti, flexural strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are 1.2, 5.1 and 3.2 greater in the composite graphite–10 vol.% Mo–1 vol.% Ti, respectively.

通过胶体加工技术制备的石墨-钼-钛粉末采用火花等离子烧结(SPS)技术进行烧结。由于这种材料具有潜在的散热作用,因此本手稿提出了这种材料。研究了钼含量(2.5、5.0 和 10.0 vol.%)对复合材料的热、电和机械性能的影响,以确定具有最佳性能的复合材料。复合石墨-10 体积百分比钼-1 体积百分比钛(烧结后的石墨与钼和碳化钛的复合材料)的热性能、电性能和机械性能明显优于钼含量较低(2.5 体积百分比和 5 体积百分比)的复合材料。这样,石墨-2.5 体积%钼-1 体积%钛复合材料的抗弯强度、导电率和导热率分别提高了 1.5 倍、7.8 倍和 18 倍。与复合石墨-5 体积% Mo-1 体积% Ti 相比,复合石墨-10 体积% Mo-1 体积% Ti 的抗弯强度、导电率和导热率分别高出 1.2 倍、5.1 倍和 3.2 倍。
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引用次数: 3
Multicomponent solid solution with pyrochlore structure 具有火成岩结构的多组分固溶体
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.01.005
Branko Matović , Jelena Maletaškić , Vesna Maksimović , Stevan P. Dimitrijević , Bratislav Todorović , Milan Pejić , Dejan Zagorac , Jelena Zagorac , Yu-Ping Zeng , Ivana Cvijović-Alagić

Multicomponent oxide with pyrochlore structure (A2B2O7), containing 7 different A-site cations and 3 B-site cations in equiatomic amounts, was synthesized. Powders with nominal composition (La1/7Sm1/7Nd1/7Pr1/7Y1/7Gd1/7Yb1/7)2(Sn1/3Hf1/3Zr1/3)2O7 were fabricated through a reaction of metal nitrates (A-site) and metal chlorides (B-site) with sodium hydroxide during the solid state displacement reaction. Room temperature synthesis initially resulted in the obtainment of amorphous powders, which crystallized after subsequent calcination to form single crystalline compounds. Crystalline high-entropy ceramic powders formation took place at temperatures as low as 750 °C. During calcination, defective fluorite (F-A2B2O7) and crystal pyrochlore (Py-A2B2O7) structures coexist. A large number of cations induce the obtainment of stable high-entropy pyrochlores. Results showed that sintering at 1650 °C lead to pure crystalline single-phase pyrochlore formation. High-density ceramic, free of additives, was obtained after powders were compacted and subjected to pressureless sintering at 1650 °C. Multicomponent pyrochlore structure was investigated using the theoretical and experimental multi-methodological approach.

合成了具有热绿结构(A2B2O7)的多组分氧化物,其中含有等原子量的 7 种不同的 A 位阳离子和 3 种 B 位阳离子。在固态置换反应中,金属硝酸盐(A 位)和金属氯化物(B 位)与氢氧化钠发生反应,生成了标称成分为 (La1/7Sm1/7Nd1/7Pr1/7Y1/7Gd1/7Yb1/7)2(Sn1/3Hf1/3Zr1/3)2O7 的粉末。室温合成最初得到的是无定形粉末,随后经过煅烧结晶成单晶化合物。结晶高熵陶瓷粉末的形成温度低至 750 ℃。在煅烧过程中,缺陷萤石(F-A2B2O7)和晶体焦绿泥石(Py-A2B2O7)结构共存。大量阳离子促使获得稳定的高熵焦绿宝石。结果表明,在 1650 °C 下烧结可形成纯结晶单相火绿宝石。将粉末压实并在 1650 ℃ 下进行无压烧结后,得到了不含添加剂的高密度陶瓷。采用理论和实验相结合的方法研究了多组分火成岩结构。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of additives on selective laser sintering of silicon carbide 添加剂对碳化硅选择性激光烧结的影响
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.01.001
Tsovinar Ghaltaghchyan , Hayk Khachatryan , Karine Asatryan , Viktorya Rstakyan , Marina Aghayan

Silicon carbide-based composite ceramic is manufactured by one-stage selective laser sintering. The effect of the sintering parameters and raw materials on the sinterability of SiC based composite is studied. The optimization of the parameters is carried out. In a single stage of selective laser sintering, it is possible to achieve 87% relative density. The influence of particle size of feedstock, as well as BN and Y2O3 additives on the sinterability, mechanical and thermal properties of the samples are studied.

For composites that contain 10% BN, the thermal expansion coefficient increases from room temperature to 900 °C. The electrical resistivity decreases both in the room and at cryogenic temperature (−200 °C). The thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of BN-containing samples decrease as well. Yttrium oxide-containing samples show higher thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity than boron nitride-containing samples.

采用单级选择性激光烧结法制造碳化硅基复合陶瓷。研究了烧结参数和原材料对碳化硅基复合材料烧结性的影响。对参数进行了优化。在单级选择性激光烧结中,可以达到 87% 的相对密度。研究了原料粒度以及 BN 和 Y2O3 添加剂对样品烧结性、机械性能和热性能的影响。对于含有 10% BN 的复合材料,热膨胀系数从室温上升到 900 °C。电阻率在室温和低温(-200 °C)下都会降低。含 BN 样品的热导率和机械性能也会降低。与含氮化硼的样品相比,含氧化钇的样品具有更高的热导率和电阻率。
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引用次数: 1
Una nueva etapa 新阶段
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.11.001
Amador C. Caballero
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable magnesium phosphate micromortars formulated with PAVAL® alumina by-product as micro-aggregate 使用 PAVAL® 氧化铝副产品作为微集料配制的可持续磷酸镁微晶砂
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.02.001
Sergio Huete-Hernández, Alex Maldonado-Alameda, Anna Alfocea-Roig, Jessica Giro-Paloma, Josep Maria Chimenos, Joan Formosa

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is an attractive alternative to Portland cement (PC) since it can also be obtained using by-products and wastes as raw materials. This research uses low-grade MgO (LG-MgO) as a magnesium source to obtain MPC, reducing CO2 emissions related to MPC production. The obtained binder can be referred to as “sustainable MPC” (sust-MPC). Moreover, this investigation incorporates a by-product obtained in the aluminium recycling process, named PAVAL® (PV). The addition of PV (5, 17.5, and 35 wt.%) and water to solid (W/S) ratio (0.23, 0.25, 0.28, and 0.31) were studied in terms of mechanical and fresh properties, leaching behaviour, and microstructure to evaluate the degree of PV inclusion in the K-struvite matrix. The addition of PV into sust-MPC improves the mechanical behaviour of the micromortars, indicating a good inclusion of PV. The mechanical and fresh behaviour of the formulations, and BSEM-EDS analysis revealed the potential chemical interaction between Al and K-struvite matrix. The addition of 17.5 wt.% of PV with a W/S of 0.25 showed the best mechanical performance (∼40 MPa of compressive strength at 28 days of curing). The amount of PV should be lower than 17.5 wt.% to classify it as non-hazardous material at the end-of-life.

磷酸镁水泥(MPC)是硅酸盐水泥(PC)的一种有吸引力的替代品,因为它也可以使用副产品和废物作为原料。本研究使用低品位氧化镁(LG-MgO)作为镁源,以获得 MPC,从而减少与 MPC 生产相关的二氧化碳排放。获得的粘结剂可称为 "可持续 MPC"(sust-MPC)。此外,这项研究还加入了铝回收过程中获得的副产品 PAVAL® (PV)。研究了 PV 的添加量(5、17.5 和 35 wt.%)和水固比(0.23、0.25、0.28 和 0.31)在机械和新鲜特性、浸出行为和微观结构方面的影响,以评估 K-struvite 基质中 PV 的加入程度。在 Sust-MPC 中加入 PV 可改善微硬质合金的机械性能,这表明 PV 的加入效果良好。配方的机械性能和新鲜度以及 BSEM-EDS 分析表明,铝和 K-struvite 基质之间存在潜在的化学作用。在 W/S 值为 0.25 的情况下添加 17.5 wt.% 的 PV 显示出最佳的机械性能(28 天固化时的抗压强度为 40 兆帕)。PV 的用量应低于 17.5 wt.%,以便在报废时将其归类为无害材料。
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引用次数: 2
Controlled-release fertilizers from phosphate glass-matrix: A new ecological approach to match nutrients release with plants demand 磷酸盐玻璃基质控释肥料:一种将养分释放与植物需求相匹配的新生态方法
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.12.004
Tariq Labbilta , Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar , Mohamed Anli , Abderrahim Boutasknit , Younes Abouliatim , Mehdi Khouloud , Abdelilah Meddich , Mohamed Mesnaoui

Physico-chemical properties, structural characterization, and dissolution behaviors of four phosphate glasses modified by incorporating zinc, boron, and copper, acting as eco-friendly fertilizers with controlled release of macro and micronutrients for wheat plants, were investigated. The elaborated glasses were characterized by differential thermal analysis, density measurements, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The dissolution behaviors were investigated using weight and pH measurements. The ionic concentration of leachate solutions was determined using ICP-OES. Results proved that the glass's chemical composition and lattice structure play the mean role in controlling the release of nutrients from the glass. The seemingly different properties between the elaborated glasses depend on the strength's bonds of glass lattice-formers and modifiers as well as their ionic field strength of the incorporated elements. An agronomic valorization was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of these agriglasses on wheat crops. It revealed a positive impact on wheat growth, yield, photosynthetic parameters, and grain mineral content with improvement values ranging from 4 to 89% compared to conventional fertilizers. These results pave the way to applying these fertilizers in large-scale experimentation to confirm their potentiality in crop production and as eco-friendly fertilizers.

研究了通过加入锌、硼和铜改性的四种磷酸盐玻璃的物理化学性质、结构特征和溶解行为,这些玻璃可作为生态友好型肥料,为小麦植物提供可控释放的宏量和微量营养元素。研究人员通过差热分析、密度测定、X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱对所制备的玻璃进行了表征。使用重量和 pH 值测量法对溶解行为进行了研究。使用 ICP-OES 测定了浸出液的离子浓度。结果证明,玻璃的化学成分和晶格结构在控制营养物质从玻璃中释放方面发挥着重要作用。精心制作的玻璃之间看似不同的特性取决于玻璃晶格形成物和改性剂的结合强度以及所含元素的离子场强度。为了评估这些玻璃农用化学品对小麦作物的功效,我们进行了农艺价值评估。结果表明,与传统肥料相比,这些农家肥对小麦的生长、产量、光合作用参数和谷物矿物质含量都有积极影响,改善值从 4% 到 89% 不等。这些结果为在大规模试验中应用这些肥料铺平了道路,以证实它们在作物生产中作为生态友好型肥料的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Naples yellow: Experimental re-working of historical recipes and the influence of the glazing process in the in situ analysis of historical artwork 那不勒斯黄历史配方的实验性再创作以及上釉工艺对历史艺术品现场分析的影响
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.01.006
Umberto Veronesi , Mario Bandiera , Marta Manso , Andreia Ruivo , Márcia Vilarigues , Susana Coentro

Naples yellow was widely used across different types of artwork. Technical studies identified a binary Pb–Sb type as well as modified ternary variants with either zinc or tin in the structure. Although these variants were the object of previous experimental studies, a better understanding of the impact of the glazing procedure on the chromatic, chemical and crystallographic characteristics of the pigment is still lacking. In this work, several historical Naples yellow recipes were re-worked and subsequently applied and fired on test tiles, over a white glaze. The results show that the interaction between pigment and glaze produces important modifications to the colour, chemistry and structure of the pigment. Such modifications will strongly impact the reconstruction of historical recipes, with major consequences for identifying Naples yellow variants on artwork and investigating artistic practices.

那不勒斯黄被广泛应用于不同类型的艺术品中。技术研究发现了一种铅锑二元型颜料,以及结构中含有锌或锡的改良三元型颜料。尽管这些变体是以前实验研究的对象,但人们仍然缺乏对上釉程序对颜料色度、化学和结晶学特性影响的更好了解。在这项工作中,我们对几种历史悠久的那不勒斯黄配方进行了重新加工,随后将其涂在白釉上并在测试砖上进行烧制。结果表明,颜料和釉料之间的相互作用会对颜料的颜色、化学和结构产生重要的改变。这些变化将对历史配方的重建产生重大影响,并对识别艺术品上的那不勒斯黄变体和研究艺术实践产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Engineering and scaling-up ceramic tiles with humidity self-regulation functionality 具有湿度自我调节功能的陶瓷砖的工程设计和规模化生产
IF 3.4 4区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.01.003
Javier Castellano, Vicente Sanz, Eugeni Cañas, Enrique Sánchez

The humidity regulation in the interior spaces of buildings by means of passive solutions that do not require energy consumption is a topic of great interest due to the current needs for comfort and energy efficiency. This paper addresses the engineering of humidity regulating ceramic tiles that incorporate a functional coating formulated from gibbsite together with other common raw materials whose moisture regulating capacity has been demonstrated previously. A multi-layer coating tile system has been proposed, consisting of the following elements: an engobe layer, the functional coating with the regulating capacity, a decoration by inkjet technology and a protective topcoat glaze.

This system has been analysed with moisture adsorption–desorption tests. The moisture regulation capacity and the effect of the coating thickness on this property have been determined, allowing to optimise the functionality.

Finally, an analysis of the humidity regulation has been performed on the basis of demonstrators or small-sized cubicles that simulate the conditions of final use in rooms of buildings. The results show the different behaviour of the demonstrator with functional tiles in relation to conventional tiles, with an indoor ambient humidity that remains in the comfort zone for longer periods of time.

由于当前对舒适度和能源效率的需求,通过无需消耗能源的被动式解决方案来调节建筑物内部空间的湿度是一个备受关注的话题。本文论述了湿度调节瓷砖的工程设计,这种瓷砖结合了由吉布斯特和其他常见原材料配制而成的功能性涂层,这些原材料的湿度调节能力已在之前得到证实。本文提出了一种多层涂层瓷砖系统,由以下元素组成:水泥层、具有调节能力的功能涂层、喷墨技术装饰和保护性面釉。最后,在模拟建筑物房间最终使用条件的演示器或小型隔间的基础上,对湿度调节进行了分析。结果表明,使用功能性瓷砖的样板间与使用传统瓷砖的样板间表现不同,室内环境湿度在较长时间内都保持在舒适区域。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio
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