Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.09.001
Manuel García-Heras , Fernando Agua , Hilario Madiquida , Víctor M. Fernández , María Ángeles Villegas , Marisa Ruiz-Gálvez
A representative set of glass from mostly Indo-Pacific type beads and other materials including a carnelian bead from two Swahili sites of the Ibo Island at Northern Mozambique has been archaeometrically characterized to get insights into its likely provenance within the framework of the Indian Ocean trade networks. Selected samples were examined and analyzed by using binocular magnifying glass, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, visible spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. Up to four different types of glasses were identified according to its chemical composition: mineral-soda alumina glass from Western India, vegetal-soda alumina glass from Central Asia, a conventional soda-lime silicate glass coming probably from Europe and a lead silicate glass of the PbO-SiO2 binary system most likely from Venice. Red and yellow colours were obtained through colloidal chromophores: cuprite micro-crystals for red brick and lead stannate and/or lead antimoniate micro-crystals for yellow, while deep blue, greenish blue and yellowish colours were obtained through ionic chromophores. Either the carnelian bead or the different types of glass are imported materials resulting from Swahili trade networks of the Indian Ocean, since no evidence of glass production or recycling has been found in archaeological fieldwork.
{"title":"Archaeometric characterization of glass and a carnelian bead to study trade networks of two Swahili sites from the Ibo Island (Northern Mozambique)","authors":"Manuel García-Heras , Fernando Agua , Hilario Madiquida , Víctor M. Fernández , María Ángeles Villegas , Marisa Ruiz-Gálvez","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A representative set of glass from mostly Indo-Pacific type beads and other materials including a carnelian bead from two Swahili sites of the Ibo Island at Northern Mozambique has been archaeometrically characterized to get insights into its likely provenance within the framework of the Indian Ocean trade networks. Selected samples were examined and analyzed by using binocular magnifying glass, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, visible spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. Up to four different types of glasses were identified according to its chemical composition: mineral-soda alumina glass from Western India, vegetal-soda alumina glass from Central Asia, a conventional soda-lime silicate glass coming probably from Europe and a lead silicate glass of the PbO-SiO<sub>2</sub> binary system most likely from Venice. Red and yellow colours were obtained through colloidal chromophores: cuprite micro-crystals for red brick and lead stannate and/or lead antimoniate micro-crystals for yellow, while deep blue, greenish blue and yellowish colours were obtained through ionic chromophores. Either the carnelian bead or the different types of glass are imported materials resulting from Swahili trade networks of the Indian Ocean, since no evidence of glass production or recycling has been found in archaeological fieldwork.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 452-467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48957684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.08.001
Oscar Felipe Arbeláez Pérez , Karen Alejandra Delgado Varela , Juan David Castañeda Mena
The production of cement depletes natural resources and emits huge amounts of CO2. Using waste materials as replacement for cement is a practical solution to produce green concrete. Cane bagasse ash (CBA) and waste glass (WG) have great potential as supplementary cementitious materials. This work presents the effect of the incorporation of cane bagasse ash on mechanical properties and CO2 emissions of concrete prepared waste glass. Different CBA:WG mass ratio 0:1, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 1:0 (CBA + WG = 20%) as cement replacement were prepared. The slump decreased with an increase of waste glass and sugar cane bagasse. The incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash and waste glass it is not related with the density of concrete due to similar density between cementitious materials. The relative compressive strength increased with inclusion of CBA, the 3:1 mixture exhibited the highest relative compressive strength. The CO2 emissions were reduced when WG and CBA were incorporated. The addition of cane bagasse ash to concrete prepared with waste glass may be a potential option to mitigate the impact of residues and to reduce the CO2 emissions in concrete industry.
水泥的生产消耗自然资源,并排放大量的二氧化碳。利用废旧材料替代水泥是生产绿色混凝土的切实可行的解决方案。蔗渣灰(CBA)和废玻璃(WG)作为补充胶凝材料具有很大的潜力。本文介绍了蔗渣灰掺入对废玻璃混凝土的机械性能和二氧化碳排放的影响。制备了不同CBA:WG质量比0:1、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1和1:0 (CBA + WG = 20%)作为水泥替代品。随着废玻璃和甘蔗渣用量的增加,坍落度减小。蔗渣灰和废玻璃的掺入与混凝土的密度无关,因为胶凝材料之间的密度相似。相对抗压强度随着CBA掺入量的增加而增加,其中3:1的混合料相对抗压强度最高。当加入WG和CBA时,二氧化碳排放量减少了。在用废玻璃制备的混凝土中加入蔗渣灰烬可能是减轻残留物影响和减少混凝土工业中二氧化碳排放的潜在选择。
{"title":"Efecto de la incorporación de ceniza de bagazo de caña en las propiedades mecánicas y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono del hormigón preparado con residuos de vidrio","authors":"Oscar Felipe Arbeláez Pérez , Karen Alejandra Delgado Varela , Juan David Castañeda Mena","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of cement depletes natural resources and emits huge amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>. Using waste materials as replacement for cement is a practical solution to produce green concrete. Cane bagasse ash (CBA) and waste glass (WG) have great potential as supplementary cementitious materials. This work presents the effect of the incorporation of cane bagasse ash on mechanical properties and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of concrete prepared waste glass. Different CBA:WG mass ratio 0:1, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 1:0 (CBA<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->WG<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->20%) as cement replacement were prepared. The slump decreased with an increase of waste glass and sugar cane bagasse. The incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash and waste glass it is not related with the density of concrete due to similar density between cementitious materials. The relative compressive strength increased with inclusion of CBA, the 3:1 mixture exhibited the highest relative compressive strength. The CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were reduced when WG and CBA were incorporated. The addition of cane bagasse ash to concrete prepared with waste glass may be a potential option to mitigate the impact of residues and to reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in concrete industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 443-451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structural and electrical properties of K0.48Na0.52Nb1−xZrxO3−δ (x = 0–0.04) ceramics prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method were studied. Pellets with composition x ≤ 0.03 sintered at 1125 °C for 2 h showed single-phase of potassium sodium niobate (KNN) perovskite structure. Based on X-ray diffraction and Raman results, a mixture of orthorhombic and monoclinic phases was observed in intermediate compositions. The addition of Zr improved the sinterability and the “hard” piezoelectric properties of KNN, increasing the Ec and Qm values. The composition with x = 0.03 presented the highest permittivity at room temperature, ɛr′ = 363 and the lowest dielectric losses, tan δ = 0.027. Moreover, it was the sample with the highest Qm and d33 values, with Qm = 1781 and d33 = 82 pC/N. It was therefore the best compositions to obtain a “hard” piezoelectric material based on Zr-doped KNN, which makes it promising candidate for use as “hard” lead-free piezoelectric material for high power applications.
{"title":"Structural and electrical properties of Zr-doped K0.48Na0.52NbO3 ceramics: “Hard” lead-free piezoelectric","authors":"Héctor Beltrán-Mir , Xavier Vendrell , Emerson Luiz dos Santos Veiga , Lourdes Mestres , Eloísa Cordoncillo","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural and electrical properties of K<sub>0.48</sub>Na<sub>0.52</sub>Nb<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Zr<sub><em>x</em></sub>O<sub>3−<em>δ</em></sub> (<em>x</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0–0.04) ceramics prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method were studied. Pellets with composition <em>x</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.03 sintered at 1125<!--> <!-->°C for 2<!--> <!-->h showed single-phase of potassium sodium niobate (KNN) perovskite structure. Based on X-ray diffraction and Raman results, a mixture of orthorhombic and monoclinic phases was observed in intermediate compositions. The addition of Zr improved the sinterability and the “hard” piezoelectric properties of KNN, increasing the <em>E</em><sub>c</sub> and <em>Q</em><sub>m</sub> values. The composition with <em>x</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.03 presented the highest permittivity at room temperature, <em>ɛ</em><sub>r</sub>′<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->363 and the lowest dielectric losses, tan<!--> <em>δ</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.027. Moreover, it was the sample with the highest <em>Q</em><sub>m</sub> and <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> values, with <em>Q</em><sub>m</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1781 and <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->82<!--> <!-->pC/N. It was therefore the best compositions to obtain a “hard” piezoelectric material based on Zr-doped KNN, which makes it promising candidate for use as “hard” lead-free piezoelectric material for high power applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 468-478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49800398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.07.001
Hui Zhang, Bo Sun, Ying Qian, Tao Yang, Wenge Chen
Removal of heavy metal Mn2+ ions in water is of great importance for human health and it is urgently needed to develop efficient adsorption materials. Here, a green and effective strategy to prepare mesoporous micro/nanostructured lithium disilicates (LDs) by employing the cation surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) as morphology control agent in hydrothermal environment, and investigated its adsorption behavior toward Mn2+ ions. The LDs possessed branched structures that were consisted of scattering pyramidal rods bestrewn with secondary nucleated and aggregated nanoparticles. Due to the mesoporous structures and negatively charged surfaces, LDs exhibited a high adsorption capacity up to 346.84 mg g−1 with corresponding removal efficiency up to 99.82% when initial Mn2+ concentration was 82 mg L−1, and their maximum adsorption capacity reached up to 785.25 mg g−1 toward Mn2+ of 250 mg L−1. Results indicated that the isotherm adsorption behavior of LDs was well described by mono-layer Langmuir model and kinetic adsorption fitted well with pseudo-second-order model, implying them the excellent chemical adsorbent to remove Mn2+ from wastewater. We believe this CTAB-modified approach could be extended to prepare other lithium silicates with mesoporous structures, rendering them wider applications in environmental protection.
{"title":"CTAB-mediated lithium disilicate branched structures as superb adsorbents to remove Mn2+ in water","authors":"Hui Zhang, Bo Sun, Ying Qian, Tao Yang, Wenge Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Removal of heavy metal Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions in water is of great importance for human health and it is urgently needed to develop efficient adsorption materials. Here, a green and effective strategy to prepare mesoporous micro/nanostructured lithium disilicates (LDs) by employing the cation surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) as morphology control agent in hydrothermal environment, and investigated its adsorption behavior toward Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions. The LDs possessed branched structures that were consisted of scattering pyramidal rods bestrewn with secondary nucleated and aggregated nanoparticles. Due to the mesoporous structures and negatively charged surfaces, LDs exhibited a high adsorption capacity up to 346.84<!--> <!-->mg<!--> <!-->g<sup>−1</sup> with corresponding removal efficiency up to 99.82% when initial Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentration was 82<!--> <!-->mg<!--> <!-->L<sup>−1</sup>, and their maximum adsorption capacity reached up to 785.25<!--> <!-->mg<!--> <!-->g<sup>−1</sup> toward Mn<sup>2+</sup> of 250<!--> <!-->mg<!--> <!-->L<sup>−1</sup>. Results indicated that the isotherm adsorption behavior of LDs was well described by mono-layer Langmuir model and kinetic adsorption fitted well with pseudo-second-order model, implying them the excellent chemical adsorbent to remove Mn<sup>2+</sup> from wastewater. We believe this CTAB-modified approach could be extended to prepare other lithium silicates with mesoporous structures, rendering them wider applications in environmental protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 418-427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49800395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.10.001
{"title":"Luces y sombras","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Page 387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49800397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.12.002
José Remigio Quiñones-Gurrola , Juan Carlos Rendón-Angeles , Zully Matamoros-Veloza , José Luis Rodríguez-Galicia , Kazumichi Yanagisawa
SrZrO3-structured perovskite particles were prepared under hydrothermal conditions in a KOH (5 M) solution using Zr-gel and SrSO4 mineral precursors. The treatments were conducted between 150 and 240 °C for different reaction intervals (1–96 h), and the KOH solution volume varied between 7.5 and 30 mL. To evaluate the effect of the Zr-gel precursor, the treatments were preliminarily conducted with a coprecipitated pasty Zr-gel (Zr(OH)4·9.64H2O) and subsequently with a lyophilized Zr-gel Zr(OH)4 powder. Generally, SrZrO3 particles were produced by a single-step reaction following the simultaneous bulk dissolution of the Zr4+ gel precursor and the SrSO4 powder. However, in the preliminary experiments, a dehydration reaction of the pasty Zr-gel preceded the ultimate single-step reaction, resulting in complete SrZrO3 particle formation taking place over a longer interval of 96 h at 240 °C. In contrast, when using the dried Zr-gel powder, complete feedstock dissolution occurred more rapidly, producing SrZrO3 particles at 200 °C over 48 h. The SrZrO3 particle sizes varied significantly depending on whether the pasty gel or dried powder Zr precursor was used. Particles prepared with the pasty gel exhibited a bimodal size distribution with mean particle sizes of 25 and 65 μm with pseudocubic and star-shaped cuboidal morphologies, respectively. In contrast, particle growth resulting from the rapid dissolution of solid powder feedstock produced cubic-shaped particles, monomodally distributed with an average particle size of 10 μm. Furthermore, byproduct (SrCO3) formation occurred predominantly under earlier stages together with SrZrO3 particle irrespective of the 5 M KOH filling volume; however, at a volume of 15 mL spontaneously achieved in situ the SrCO3 dissolution at intermediate stages of reaction. This reaction pathway did not proceed at small (7.5 mL) and large (30 mL) volumes of the alkaline fluid. A kinetic study indicated that the activation energy required to produce the SrZrO3 cubic-shaped particles was low in both cases, i.e., 15.05 and 22.27 kJ mol−1 between the powder and pasty Zr4+ precursors, respectively.
{"title":"Rapid one-step preparation of SrZrO3 using Zr4+ gel and SrSO4 ore under alkaline hydrothermal conditions","authors":"José Remigio Quiñones-Gurrola , Juan Carlos Rendón-Angeles , Zully Matamoros-Veloza , José Luis Rodríguez-Galicia , Kazumichi Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SrZrO<sub>3</sub>-structured perovskite particles were prepared under hydrothermal conditions in a KOH (5<!--> <!-->M) solution using Zr-gel and SrSO<sub>4</sub> mineral precursors. The treatments were conducted between 150 and 240<!--> <!-->°C for different reaction intervals (1–96<!--> <!-->h), and the KOH solution volume varied between 7.5 and 30<!--> <!-->mL. To evaluate the effect of the Zr-gel precursor, the treatments were preliminarily conducted with a coprecipitated pasty Zr-gel (Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>·9.64H<sub>2</sub>O) and subsequently with a lyophilized Zr-gel Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub> powder. Generally, SrZrO<sub>3</sub> particles were produced by a single-step reaction following the simultaneous bulk dissolution of the Zr<sup>4+</sup> gel precursor and the SrSO<sub>4</sub> powder. However, in the preliminary experiments, a dehydration reaction of the pasty Zr-gel preceded the ultimate single-step reaction, resulting in complete SrZrO<sub>3</sub> particle formation taking place over a longer interval of 96<!--> <!-->h at 240<!--> <!-->°C. In contrast, when using the dried Zr-gel powder, complete feedstock dissolution occurred more rapidly, producing SrZrO<sub>3</sub> particles at 200<!--> <!-->°C over 48<!--> <!-->h. The SrZrO<sub>3</sub> particle sizes varied significantly depending on whether the pasty gel or dried powder Zr precursor was used. Particles prepared with the pasty gel exhibited a bimodal size distribution with mean particle sizes of 25 and 65<!--> <!-->μm with pseudocubic and star-shaped cuboidal morphologies, respectively. In contrast, particle growth resulting from the rapid dissolution of solid powder feedstock produced cubic-shaped particles, monomodally distributed with an average particle size of 10<!--> <!-->μm. Furthermore, byproduct (SrCO<sub>3</sub>) formation occurred predominantly under earlier stages together with SrZrO<sub>3</sub> particle irrespective of the 5<!--> <!-->M KOH filling volume; however, at a volume of 15<!--> <!-->mL spontaneously achieved in situ the SrCO<sub>3</sub> dissolution at intermediate stages of reaction. This reaction pathway did not proceed at small (7.5<!--> <!-->mL) and large (30<!--> <!-->mL) volumes of the alkaline fluid. A kinetic study indicated that the activation energy required to produce the SrZrO<sub>3</sub> cubic-shaped particles was low in both cases, i.e., 15.05 and 22.27<!--> <!-->kJ<!--> <!-->mol<sup>−1</sup> between the powder and pasty Zr<sup>4+</sup> precursors, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 479-492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49842194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.06.005
Cleusa M. Rossetto , Geraldo L. Carezzatto , Luis G. Martinez , Marcelo Pecchio , Xavier Turrillas
Eight samples of Portland cement and a clinker provided by the Brazilian Association of Portland Cement were analysed with different laboratory diffractometers and a synchrotron instrument to determine the statistical variability in the determination of the mass percentage of the main crystalline phases. Five laboratories participated in the experiment. Data collection was performed by each laboratory following its own internal procedures for a standard Rietveld analysis of mineral phases. Both Cu and Mo radiations were used. Reflection geometries—with and without sample rotation—and transmission geometries were also used. The synchrotron diffraction pattern was acquired from a rotating capillary and a wavelength of 0.41290 Å. Analysis of all diffraction patterns was performed with the help of TOPAS Academic v. 6 with the specific purpose of determining the proportions of polymorphs M1 and M3 of alite, since their ratio must be taken into account for the subsequent development of the mechanical properties of concrete.
{"title":"Mineralogical analysis of Brazilian Portland cements by the Rietveld method with emphasis on polymorphs M1 and M3 of alite","authors":"Cleusa M. Rossetto , Geraldo L. Carezzatto , Luis G. Martinez , Marcelo Pecchio , Xavier Turrillas","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eight samples of Portland cement and a clinker provided by the Brazilian Association of Portland Cement were analysed with different laboratory diffractometers and a synchrotron instrument to determine the statistical variability in the determination of the mass percentage of the main crystalline phases. Five laboratories participated in the experiment. Data collection was performed by each laboratory following its own internal procedures for a standard Rietveld analysis of mineral phases. Both Cu and Mo radiations were used. Reflection geometries—with and without sample rotation—and transmission geometries were also used. The synchrotron diffraction pattern was acquired from a rotating capillary and a wavelength of 0.41290<!--> <!-->Å. Analysis of all diffraction patterns was performed with the help of TOPAS Academic v. 6 with the specific purpose of determining the proportions of polymorphs M1 and M3 of alite, since their ratio must be taken into account for the subsequent development of the mechanical properties of concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 402-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49800396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.06.004
Alberto Isaac Ruiz, Encarnación Reyes, Cristina Argiz, Miguel Angel de la Rubia, Amparo Moragues
This research consists of the fabrication of synthetic gels of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H gel) and hydrated calcium aluminate silicates (C-A-S-H gel) in aqueous solution oversaturated in calcium hydroxide. These gels were fabricated using nanomaterials with different specific surface area; two nanosilicas (NS), OX50 and A200 (50 and 200 m2/g respectively) and two nanoaluminas (NA), A65 and A130 (65 and 130 m2/g). Mixtures were carried out maintaining a Ca/Si = 2 ratio and variable Al/Si ratios of 0.1, 0.5 and 1. The effect of aluminium incorporation in the C-S-H gel was studied using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique (29Si MAS-NMR), and the information obtained was further processed using the mathematical deconvolution method. Chemical shift bands were delimited to identify the structures. From the results obtained, modifications of the tetrahedral (Qn) in the dreierketten structure were observed in the different combinations, as well as the modification of the bridging tetrahedral (Q2b) due to the presence of aluminium replacing the silica bridging tetrahedron Q2b(1Al). High Q4 values were detected in the C-S-H gel with NS OX50 and this could be associated to a double chain formation very similar to a perfect tobermorite. The length of the mean chains (MCL) was very variable in each blend, but some trends were observed as the Al/Si = 1 ratio and the Al/Si = 0.1 ratio maintain or increases the MCL respectively. The results are interesting and concrete case mixtures with NS OX50 show original trends that have not yet been reported in the literature.
{"title":"Nano-scale aluminium interaction in synthetic hydrated calcium silicate gel studied by 29Si MAS-NMR","authors":"Alberto Isaac Ruiz, Encarnación Reyes, Cristina Argiz, Miguel Angel de la Rubia, Amparo Moragues","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research consists of the fabrication of synthetic gels of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H gel) and hydrated calcium aluminate silicates (C-A-S-H gel) in aqueous solution oversaturated in calcium hydroxide. These gels were fabricated using nanomaterials with different specific surface area; two nanosilicas (NS), OX50 and A200 (50 and 200<!--> <!-->m<sup>2</sup>/g respectively) and two nanoaluminas (NA), A65 and A130 (65 and 130<!--> <!-->m<sup>2</sup>/g). Mixtures were carried out maintaining a Ca/Si<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2 ratio and variable Al/Si ratios of 0.1, 0.5 and 1. The effect of aluminium incorporation in the C-S-H gel was studied using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique (<sup>29</sup>Si MAS-NMR), and the information obtained was further processed using the mathematical deconvolution method. Chemical shift bands were delimited to identify the structures. From the results obtained, modifications of the tetrahedral (Q<sub><em>n</em></sub>) in the dreierketten structure were observed in the different combinations, as well as the modification of the bridging tetrahedral (Q<sub>2</sub>b) due to the presence of aluminium replacing the silica bridging tetrahedron Q<sub>2</sub>b(1Al). High Q<sub>4</sub> values were detected in the C-S-H gel with NS OX50 and this could be associated to a double chain formation very similar to a perfect tobermorite. The length of the mean chains (MCL) was very variable in each blend, but some trends were observed as the Al/Si<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1 ratio and the Al/Si<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.1 ratio maintain or increases the MCL respectively. The results are interesting and concrete case mixtures with NS OX50 show original trends that have not yet been reported in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 388-401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49800399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.07.003
Segundo Shagñay, Asunción Bautista, Francisco Velasco, Manuel Torres-Carrasco
This work aims to contribute to reducing environmental damage caused by the manufacturing of Portland cements (PC), through in-depth exploration into the durability of two mortars manufactured from blast furnace slag: an alkaline-activated one (AAS) and a hybrid cement (HS) with less than 20% clinker. The carbonation resistance of these eco-friendly mortars is compared to that of a mortar based on Portland IV cement. From a mineralogical point of view, DTA-TG and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) tests have been carried out, along with measurement of pH changes, compression strength and total porosity. Böhme tests have been performed to evaluate changes due to carbonation in the wear behavior of the mortars under study. Using the CRM technique, it has been possible to establish a relationship between the carbonation of the systems with the unbound carbon content, as well as identify the different polymorphic phases of CaCO3 formed. The results obtained reveal that alternative AAS and HS mortars are more difficult to carbonate than Portland cement mortars, and that the effect of this process on the porosity depends on the nature of the hydroxides previously present in the pore solution. The carbonation of the surfaces also improves the abrasive wear resistance of the mortars under study.
{"title":"Carbonation of alkali-activated and hybrid mortars manufactured from slag: Confocal Raman microscopy study and impact on wear performance","authors":"Segundo Shagñay, Asunción Bautista, Francisco Velasco, Manuel Torres-Carrasco","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aims to contribute to reducing environmental damage caused by the manufacturing of Portland cements (PC), through in-depth exploration into the durability of two mortars manufactured from blast furnace slag: an alkaline-activated one (AAS) and a hybrid cement (HS) with less than 20% clinker. The carbonation resistance of these eco-friendly mortars is compared to that of a mortar based on Portland IV cement. From a mineralogical point of view, DTA-TG and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) tests have been carried out, along with measurement of pH changes, compression strength and total porosity. Böhme tests have been performed to evaluate changes due to carbonation in the wear behavior of the mortars under study. Using the CRM technique, it has been possible to establish a relationship between the carbonation of the systems with the unbound carbon content, as well as identify the different polymorphic phases of CaCO<sub>3</sub> formed. The results obtained reveal that alternative AAS and HS mortars are more difficult to carbonate than Portland cement mortars, and that the effect of this process on the porosity depends on the nature of the hydroxides previously present in the pore solution. The carbonation of the surfaces also improves the abrasive wear resistance of the mortars under study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 428-442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47256042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.08.001
Safa Toumi, Alaa Adawy, Celia Marcos
The incorporation of copper nanoparticles into the glass matrix has attracted great interest in many fields due to their significant physical and chemical properties and their applications (e.g. opto-electronic and bio-medical tools). Several methodologies, such as the doping method and subsequent annealing of the glass in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres to synthesize copper nanoparticles in a glass are widely used. In this work, the doping method and subsequent annealing of the glass in a Ar/H2 atmosphere has been used. This treatment caused a martensitic-type transformation which, to our knowledge, has not been mentioned in the literature. The result was the transformation from cuprite to tenorite about 300 °C, and the presence of dispersed rounded and polyhedral copper nanoparticles and dendritic shapes of nanoparticles. The reaction of CuO and H2, between 250 and 300 °C, originated metallic copper particles. The mechanism of the martensitic-type transformation has been derived from the characterization results of copper-doped glasses annealed in reduced atmosphere by optical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The martensitic-like type structure could have imparted shape memory characteristics to the copper-doped glasses annealed in reduced atmosphere, opening a window for future research. La incorporación de nanopartículas de cobre en vidrio es de gran interés en muchos campos debido a sus importantes propiedades físicas y químicas y a sus aplicaciones (por ejemplo, optoelectrónica e instrumentos biomédicos). Metodologías para sintetizar nanopartículas de cobre en vidrio, como el dopaje y posterior recocido del vidrio en atmósferas oxidantes y reductoras, son ampliamente utilizadas. En este trabajo se ha utilizado este método en atmósfera Ar/H2. Este tratamiento provocó una transformación de tipo martensítico que, hasta donde sabemos, no se ha mencionado en la bibliografía. El resultado fue la transformación de cuprita a tenorita alrededor de 300 °C, y la presencia de nanopartículas de cobre dispersas redondeadas y poliédricas y de nanopartículas con formas dendríticas. La reacción de CuO y H2, entre 250-300 °C, originó partículas metálicas de cobre. El mecanismo de la transformación se ha establecido a partir de los resultados de la caracterización de los vidrios dopados con cobre recocidos en atmósfera reducida mediante microscopia óptica, espectroscopia de fotoelectrones de rayos X, microscopia electrónica de barrido y microscopia electrónica de transmisión. La estructura de tipo martensítico podría haber conferido características de memoria de forma a los vidrios dopados con cobre recocidos en atmósfera reducida, abriendo una ventana para futuras investigaciones.
由于铜纳米颗粒具有重要的物理和化学性质及其应用(例如光电和生物医学工具),因此将其掺入玻璃基质中引起了许多领域的极大兴趣。几种方法,如掺杂法和随后在氧化和还原气氛中对玻璃进行退火,以在玻璃中合成铜纳米颗粒被广泛使用。在这项工作中,使用了掺杂方法和随后在Ar/H2气氛中对玻璃进行退火。这种处理引起了马氏体型转变,据我们所知,在文献中没有提到过。结果表明,在300°C左右,铜颗粒由铜晶石转变为钛晶石,并存在分散的圆形和多面体铜纳米颗粒和枝晶状纳米颗粒。在250 ~ 300℃之间,CuO与H2反应生成金属铜颗粒。利用光学显微镜、x射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜等手段对还原气氛退火后的掺铜玻璃进行了表征,得出了马氏体型转变的机理。这种类马氏体结构可能赋予了在还原气氛下退火的掺铜玻璃形状记忆特性,为未来的研究打开了一扇窗。网址incorporación de nanopartículas de cobre en video es de gran intersamas en许多campos debido和sus importantes proprodes físicas y químicas通过sus applications (pere ejemplo, optoelectrónica e instrumentos biomacdios)。Metodologías para sinintetizar nanopartículas de cobre en vidrio, como el dopaje by posterior recocido del vidrio en atmósferas氧化剂通过还原剂,放大利用。他说:“我看到,我利用我的个人资料做了许多工作,例如atmósfera Ar/H2。Este tratamiento provocó una transformación de tipo martensítico que, hasta donde sabemos, no se ha mencionado en la bibliografía。在300°C的高温下,由于nanopartículas的存在,碳芯的分散和碳芯的扩散,以及nanopartículas的形成和dendríticas的形成,导致了结果的变化。La reacción de CuO y H2,中心250-300°C, originó partículas metálicas de cobre。El mechanismo de la transformación se as a partite de los resultados de la caracterización de los vidrios dopados con cobre recocidos en atmósfera还原介质显微镜óptica,光谱学de fotoelectronones de rayos X,显微镜electrónica de barrido y microscopia electrónica de transmisión。知识结构学martensítico podría haber conferido características关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学,关于知识的记忆学。
{"title":"Transformation of cuprite to tenorite through a martensitic-like type process in copper-doped glasses annealed in reduced atmosphere with the metal copper formation","authors":"Safa Toumi, Alaa Adawy, Celia Marcos","doi":"10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of copper nanoparticles into the glass matrix has attracted great interest in many fields due to their significant physical and chemical properties and their applications (e.g. opto-electronic and bio-medical tools). Several methodologies, such as the doping method and subsequent annealing of the glass in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres to synthesize copper nanoparticles in a glass are widely used. In this work, the doping method and subsequent annealing of the glass in a Ar/H2 atmosphere has been used. This treatment caused a martensitic-type transformation which, to our knowledge, has not been mentioned in the literature. The result was the transformation from cuprite to tenorite about 300 °C, and the presence of dispersed rounded and polyhedral copper nanoparticles and dendritic shapes of nanoparticles. The reaction of CuO and H2, between 250 and 300 °C, originated metallic copper particles. The mechanism of the martensitic-type transformation has been derived from the characterization results of copper-doped glasses annealed in reduced atmosphere by optical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The martensitic-like type structure could have imparted shape memory characteristics to the copper-doped glasses annealed in reduced atmosphere, opening a window for future research. La incorporación de nanopartículas de cobre en vidrio es de gran interés en muchos campos debido a sus importantes propiedades físicas y químicas y a sus aplicaciones (por ejemplo, optoelectrónica e instrumentos biomédicos). Metodologías para sintetizar nanopartículas de cobre en vidrio, como el dopaje y posterior recocido del vidrio en atmósferas oxidantes y reductoras, son ampliamente utilizadas. En este trabajo se ha utilizado este método en atmósfera Ar/H2. Este tratamiento provocó una transformación de tipo martensítico que, hasta donde sabemos, no se ha mencionado en la bibliografía. El resultado fue la transformación de cuprita a tenorita alrededor de 300 °C, y la presencia de nanopartículas de cobre dispersas redondeadas y poliédricas y de nanopartículas con formas dendríticas. La reacción de CuO y H2, entre 250-300 °C, originó partículas metálicas de cobre. El mecanismo de la transformación se ha establecido a partir de los resultados de la caracterización de los vidrios dopados con cobre recocidos en atmósfera reducida mediante microscopia óptica, espectroscopia de fotoelectrones de rayos X, microscopia electrónica de barrido y microscopia electrónica de transmisión. La estructura de tipo martensítico podría haber conferido características de memoria de forma a los vidrios dopados con cobre recocidos en atmósfera reducida, abriendo una ventana para futuras investigaciones.","PeriodicalId":56330,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}