Abstract Introduction: Health consciousness is a theoretical construct that, depending on the concept, constitutes a psychological structure expressed primarily in the cognitive and behavioural sphere. It determines how individuals respond to health issues and the extent to which they are ready to take action to improve them. The level of health consciousness in the patient and his/her family has an impact on the achieved therapeutic effects. Due to the lack of an analogous tool for testing health consciousness in the Polish literature on this subject, the research objective was to create a Polish adaptation of the Ch.S.Hu Health Consciousness Scale and determine its psychometric properties. Material and methods: The study covered 599 people. Out of their group, a sample (N=291) was randomly drawn in order to conduct an exploratory factor analysis and determine the level of the reliability of the tool. The model was verified by a confirmatory factor analysis (N=599). HCS validity measures were based on the analysis of intergroup differences and correlations between selected variables. Results: The Polish version received a five-factor structure, containing 24 items. Both the entire scale and almost all subscales have a very high reliability coefficient (α=0.80). Medical professionals/persons with medical education achieve significantly higher results in HCS than other respondents. Conclusions: Conclusions. The Polish version of HCS has very good psychometric properties. This means that the tool is reliable and accurate. It can be used in both scientific research and individual diagnosis.
{"title":"Health Consciousness vs. Disease. Polish Adaptation of the Health Consciousness Scale by Ch.S.Hu","authors":"J. Księska-Koszałka, B. Gawda","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Health consciousness is a theoretical construct that, depending on the concept, constitutes a psychological structure expressed primarily in the cognitive and behavioural sphere. It determines how individuals respond to health issues and the extent to which they are ready to take action to improve them. The level of health consciousness in the patient and his/her family has an impact on the achieved therapeutic effects. Due to the lack of an analogous tool for testing health consciousness in the Polish literature on this subject, the research objective was to create a Polish adaptation of the Ch.S.Hu Health Consciousness Scale and determine its psychometric properties. Material and methods: The study covered 599 people. Out of their group, a sample (N=291) was randomly drawn in order to conduct an exploratory factor analysis and determine the level of the reliability of the tool. The model was verified by a confirmatory factor analysis (N=599). HCS validity measures were based on the analysis of intergroup differences and correlations between selected variables. Results: The Polish version received a five-factor structure, containing 24 items. Both the entire scale and almost all subscales have a very high reliability coefficient (α=0.80). Medical professionals/persons with medical education achieve significantly higher results in HCS than other respondents. Conclusions: Conclusions. The Polish version of HCS has very good psychometric properties. This means that the tool is reliable and accurate. It can be used in both scientific research and individual diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"07 1","pages":"178 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79438396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Grzymkowska, Elzbieta Grzywacz, Łukasz Zadroga, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Justyna Chwałczyńska, Katarzyna Błaszczak, J. Masiak, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta, A. Grzywacz, K. Chmielowiec
Abstract Introduction: Addictive substances act on a number of neurotransmitter systems, and the end result of this action is the activation of the reward system in the brain. The cellular and neuronal mechanisms that underlie addiction have long been searched for. One of such neurotransmitters is dopamine, a catecholamine synthesized in neurons located mainly in the midbrain. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed on the Pubmed platform and from other sources. The analysis included original studies, reviews. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the relationship between the DRD2 gene and the occurrence of substance addiction. Discussion: This work presents several currently discussed biological mechanisms, especially at the molecular and genetic level, involved in the process of addiction to various psychoactive substances. They discovered the brain structures that are most at risk, as well as other neurotransmitter systems and receptor proteins through which they can exert their pathological effects. It has also been established that exposure to psychoactive substances causes significant changes in expression in over 100 genes (including genes for dopaminergic, serotonergic and signaling pathways). The DRD2 receptor (present, among others, in the nucleus accumbens) plays an important role in the reward system, in the transmission of information. The weakening of this conductivity is a significant risk factor for the onset of clinical features that are associated with reward system deficiency syndrome. The expression of the D2 receptor gene may take up to 2 isoforms: short D2S and long D2L. Conclusions: Further research at the molecular level may result in the modification of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in terms of their personalization.
{"title":"Cellular and neuronal mechanisms that underlie addiction - literature review","authors":"Maria Grzymkowska, Elzbieta Grzywacz, Łukasz Zadroga, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Justyna Chwałczyńska, Katarzyna Błaszczak, J. Masiak, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta, A. Grzywacz, K. Chmielowiec","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Addictive substances act on a number of neurotransmitter systems, and the end result of this action is the activation of the reward system in the brain. The cellular and neuronal mechanisms that underlie addiction have long been searched for. One of such neurotransmitters is dopamine, a catecholamine synthesized in neurons located mainly in the midbrain. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed on the Pubmed platform and from other sources. The analysis included original studies, reviews. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the relationship between the DRD2 gene and the occurrence of substance addiction. Discussion: This work presents several currently discussed biological mechanisms, especially at the molecular and genetic level, involved in the process of addiction to various psychoactive substances. They discovered the brain structures that are most at risk, as well as other neurotransmitter systems and receptor proteins through which they can exert their pathological effects. It has also been established that exposure to psychoactive substances causes significant changes in expression in over 100 genes (including genes for dopaminergic, serotonergic and signaling pathways). The DRD2 receptor (present, among others, in the nucleus accumbens) plays an important role in the reward system, in the transmission of information. The weakening of this conductivity is a significant risk factor for the onset of clinical features that are associated with reward system deficiency syndrome. The expression of the D2 receptor gene may take up to 2 isoforms: short D2S and long D2L. Conclusions: Further research at the molecular level may result in the modification of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in terms of their personalization.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":"159 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87457875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Karakuła, Olga Nowacka, Aleksander Ryczkowski, R. Sitarz, Alicja Forma, D. Juchnowicz
Abstract Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection might be presented in many various specific and non-specific manifest and symptoms from different systems. Also, the psychotic symptoms are documented but the explanation for their pathophysiology remains debatable and a complex matter. The main objective of this paper is to present cases of patients without a history of psychiatric disorders who developed the first episode of psychosis during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and methods: Two cases of not-related patients with no previous psychiatric history developed psychotic episodes during COVID-19 infection. In both cases chronologically first they experienced symptoms of infection, secondly, delusions and psychomotor agitation that required psychiatric hospitalization. Full remission was observed after antipsychotic treatment in both cases. Results: Even though the pathophysiology of the post-COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms remains unclear, some reports that indicate associations between the infection and the onset of such symptoms. The infection itself, by the induction of cytokine storm followed by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is considered to stimulate the potential onset of the psychosis, however, other factors such as medications used during treatment (with a particular emphasis on glucocorticosteroids) or psychological factors should be considered as well. Conclusions: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 might develop serious psychotic episodes even without a prior psychiatric history. Besides, psychiatric symptoms might be the first the even the only manifestations associated with the active SARSCoV-2 infection which seems to be very challenging especially in cases of rapid psychotic episodes without any clear respiratory symptoms.
{"title":"COVID-19-induced psychosis: two case reports and narrative literature review","authors":"K. Karakuła, Olga Nowacka, Aleksander Ryczkowski, R. Sitarz, Alicja Forma, D. Juchnowicz","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection might be presented in many various specific and non-specific manifest and symptoms from different systems. Also, the psychotic symptoms are documented but the explanation for their pathophysiology remains debatable and a complex matter. The main objective of this paper is to present cases of patients without a history of psychiatric disorders who developed the first episode of psychosis during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and methods: Two cases of not-related patients with no previous psychiatric history developed psychotic episodes during COVID-19 infection. In both cases chronologically first they experienced symptoms of infection, secondly, delusions and psychomotor agitation that required psychiatric hospitalization. Full remission was observed after antipsychotic treatment in both cases. Results: Even though the pathophysiology of the post-COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms remains unclear, some reports that indicate associations between the infection and the onset of such symptoms. The infection itself, by the induction of cytokine storm followed by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is considered to stimulate the potential onset of the psychosis, however, other factors such as medications used during treatment (with a particular emphasis on glucocorticosteroids) or psychological factors should be considered as well. Conclusions: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 might develop serious psychotic episodes even without a prior psychiatric history. Besides, psychiatric symptoms might be the first the even the only manifestations associated with the active SARSCoV-2 infection which seems to be very challenging especially in cases of rapid psychotic episodes without any clear respiratory symptoms.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"10 1","pages":"151 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80105304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Wingralek, Agnieszka Banaszek, Adrian Giermasiński, Konrad Goliszek, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Paulina Wróbel-Knybel
Abstract Introduction: With the increase in popularity of VOD (Video on Demand) platforms, there has been an increase in binge-watching and associated processes, which may influence the development of ‘mean world syndrome’. The aim of this study is to analyse current knowledge of the above phenomena and their interrelationships. Material and methods: A narrative review of the available literature was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: binge-watching, mean world syndrome, fear of missing out (FOMO), speed-watching from 2000 to 2021 Results: The most important motivations for the development of binge-watching are social aspects, fear of missing out (FOMO), hedonistic needs and escape from reality. The process is exacerbated by depressive-anxiety disorders, loneliness, pathological overeating and neglect of responsibilities. To save time, viewers often practice speed-watching. A positive correlation has been shown between the severity of binge-watching and mean-world syndrome in viewers who watch series such as: House of Cards, The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Marco Polo, Bloodline and Daredevil, as well as the frequency of watching horror films and viewers’ belief that they are more likely to die. In contrast, no relationship was shown with fear for safety in one’s home. People, who watch reality shows with a competitive scenario, perceive the world to be more hypocritical and manipulated. Conclusions:Compulsive viewing of violent programmes co-occurs with the phenomena of FOMO and speed-watching and can exacerbate the perception of the world as a dangerous place. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, both phenomena have increased, affecting the functioning of society.
摘要导读:随着视频点播(VOD)平台的日益普及，刷屏及相关过程也在不断增加，这可能会影响“庸人世界综合症”的发展。本研究的目的是分析目前对上述现象及其相互关系的认识。材料与方法:通过检索PubMed和Google Scholar数据库，对2000 - 2021年的相关文献进行叙述性回顾，检索关键词为:binge-watching、mean world syndrome、fear of missing out (FOMO)、fast -watching(速看)。结果:binge-watching发展的最重要动机是社交方面、fear of missing out (FOMO)、享乐主义需求和逃避现实。抑郁焦虑症、孤独感、病理性暴饮暴食和忽视责任加剧了这一过程。为了节省时间，观众经常练习快速观看。《纸牌屋》、《坚不可摧》、《马可波罗》、《血统》和《夜魔侠》等电视剧的剧迷狂看电视剧的严重程度与“卑鄙世界综合症”呈正相关，看恐怖片的频率与观众认为自己更有可能死亡的信念呈正相关。相比之下，在家中对安全的恐惧没有关系。观看充满竞争场面的真人秀节目的人会觉得这个世界更加虚伪和被操纵。结论:强迫性观看暴力节目与FOMO和超速观看现象同时发生，并可能加剧世界是一个危险的地方的感觉。在新冠肺炎大流行时代，这两种现象都有所增加，影响了社会的运作。
{"title":"„Streaming trap – the occurrence of the phenomenom of binge-watching and the mean world syndrome: a narrative review”","authors":"Z. Wingralek, Agnieszka Banaszek, Adrian Giermasiński, Konrad Goliszek, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Paulina Wróbel-Knybel","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: With the increase in popularity of VOD (Video on Demand) platforms, there has been an increase in binge-watching and associated processes, which may influence the development of ‘mean world syndrome’. The aim of this study is to analyse current knowledge of the above phenomena and their interrelationships. Material and methods: A narrative review of the available literature was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: binge-watching, mean world syndrome, fear of missing out (FOMO), speed-watching from 2000 to 2021 Results: The most important motivations for the development of binge-watching are social aspects, fear of missing out (FOMO), hedonistic needs and escape from reality. The process is exacerbated by depressive-anxiety disorders, loneliness, pathological overeating and neglect of responsibilities. To save time, viewers often practice speed-watching. A positive correlation has been shown between the severity of binge-watching and mean-world syndrome in viewers who watch series such as: House of Cards, The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Marco Polo, Bloodline and Daredevil, as well as the frequency of watching horror films and viewers’ belief that they are more likely to die. In contrast, no relationship was shown with fear for safety in one’s home. People, who watch reality shows with a competitive scenario, perceive the world to be more hypocritical and manipulated. Conclusions:Compulsive viewing of violent programmes co-occurs with the phenomena of FOMO and speed-watching and can exacerbate the perception of the world as a dangerous place. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, both phenomena have increased, affecting the functioning of society.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"17 1","pages":"118 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73055485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jolanta Chmielowiec, Elzbieta Grzywacz, Maria Grzymkowska, Justyna Chwałczyńska, Katarzyna Błaszczak, J. Masiak, K. Chmielowiec
Abstract Drug addiction is a common phenomenon that increases with the progress of the European integration process. Professional help to people addicted and under the influence of drugs or other psychoactive substances should be provided primarily by health care institutions. An important and interesting issue seems to be the assessment of how people who have the most frequent contact with addicts are prepared to provide help, what is their knowledge and attitude to the phenomenon of drug addiction and to people addicted to psychoactive substances. The material for the research was a questionnaire for people who have contact and / or work professionally with people addicted to psychoactive substances. A total number of 253 people who had professional contact with people addicted to psychoactive substances were examined, including 102 men and 151 women. The respondents most often acquired knowledge in the field of drug addiction through the mass media. The exception is the professional group of doctors, which was the only one to refer to professional literature. Contact with drug addicts was not worried by 68.6% of doctors, 68.4% of policemen, 45.9% of nurses and only 39.0% of teachers. Fear may be caused mainly by possible aggressive behavior, which is feared by 49.8% of the respondents, including 58.3% of women and 37.2% of men. When it comes to 90.1% of respondents, they believe that the cause of aggression is the lack of control over their emotions. The results of the work can be helpful in creating new, satisfying solutions to difficult situations and developing cooperation characterized by empathy and acceptance.
{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes towards addiction to psychoactive substances in professional groups of health care workers, teachers and the police in the Lubuskie Voivodeship","authors":"Jolanta Chmielowiec, Elzbieta Grzywacz, Maria Grzymkowska, Justyna Chwałczyńska, Katarzyna Błaszczak, J. Masiak, K. Chmielowiec","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drug addiction is a common phenomenon that increases with the progress of the European integration process. Professional help to people addicted and under the influence of drugs or other psychoactive substances should be provided primarily by health care institutions. An important and interesting issue seems to be the assessment of how people who have the most frequent contact with addicts are prepared to provide help, what is their knowledge and attitude to the phenomenon of drug addiction and to people addicted to psychoactive substances. The material for the research was a questionnaire for people who have contact and / or work professionally with people addicted to psychoactive substances. A total number of 253 people who had professional contact with people addicted to psychoactive substances were examined, including 102 men and 151 women. The respondents most often acquired knowledge in the field of drug addiction through the mass media. The exception is the professional group of doctors, which was the only one to refer to professional literature. Contact with drug addicts was not worried by 68.6% of doctors, 68.4% of policemen, 45.9% of nurses and only 39.0% of teachers. Fear may be caused mainly by possible aggressive behavior, which is feared by 49.8% of the respondents, including 58.3% of women and 37.2% of men. When it comes to 90.1% of respondents, they believe that the cause of aggression is the lack of control over their emotions. The results of the work can be helpful in creating new, satisfying solutions to difficult situations and developing cooperation characterized by empathy and acceptance.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"144 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90827381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rogalski, Aleksandra Subdys, O. Gawlik-Kotelnicka
Abstract Introduction: Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a term for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that highlights its association with components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). MAFLD is becoming a clinically significant problem due to its increasing role in the pathogenesis of cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver. Material and methods: The resulting work is a review of the most important information on the risk of MAFLD development in the context of the use of particular groups of psychotropic drugs. The study presents the epidemiology, with particular emphasis on the population of psychiatric patients, pathophysiology and scientific reports analyzing the effect of the psychotropic medications on MAFLD development. Results: The drugs that can have the greatest impact on the development of MAFLD are atypical antipsychotics, especially olanzapine, and mood stabilizers (MS) - valproic acid (VPA). Their effect is indirect, mainly through dysregulation of organism’s carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Conclusions: The population of psychiatric patients is particularly vulnerable to the development of MAFLD. At the root of this disorder lies the specificity of mental disorders, improper dietary habits, low level of physical activity and tendency to addictions. Also, the negative impact of the psychotropic drugs on the systemic metabolism indirectly contributes to the development of MAFLD. In order to prevent fatty liver disease, it is necessary to monitor metabolic and liver parameters regularly, and patients should be screened by ultrasound examination of the liver. There are also important preventive actions from the medical professionals, including education of patients and sensitizing to healthy lifestyle.
{"title":"The development of the Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease during pharmacotherapy of mental disorders - a review","authors":"J. Rogalski, Aleksandra Subdys, O. Gawlik-Kotelnicka","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a term for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that highlights its association with components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). MAFLD is becoming a clinically significant problem due to its increasing role in the pathogenesis of cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver. Material and methods: The resulting work is a review of the most important information on the risk of MAFLD development in the context of the use of particular groups of psychotropic drugs. The study presents the epidemiology, with particular emphasis on the population of psychiatric patients, pathophysiology and scientific reports analyzing the effect of the psychotropic medications on MAFLD development. Results: The drugs that can have the greatest impact on the development of MAFLD are atypical antipsychotics, especially olanzapine, and mood stabilizers (MS) - valproic acid (VPA). Their effect is indirect, mainly through dysregulation of organism’s carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Conclusions: The population of psychiatric patients is particularly vulnerable to the development of MAFLD. At the root of this disorder lies the specificity of mental disorders, improper dietary habits, low level of physical activity and tendency to addictions. Also, the negative impact of the psychotropic drugs on the systemic metabolism indirectly contributes to the development of MAFLD. In order to prevent fatty liver disease, it is necessary to monitor metabolic and liver parameters regularly, and patients should be screened by ultrasound examination of the liver. There are also important preventive actions from the medical professionals, including education of patients and sensitizing to healthy lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"128 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82426450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuzanna Rząd, P. Szewczyk, J. Rog, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz
Abstract Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation with considerable potential as a treatment for many CNS disorders. Individuals suffering from eating disorders have elevated rates of lifetime depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder, also affecting specific brain regions. More studies assess the effect of brain modulation in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to evaluate the effect, tolerability and safety of tDCS stimulation in the patient with an AN diagnosis. Material and method: The therapy was implemented in an 18-year-old female hospitalized at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin. The simulation was performed twice daily for 25 minutes for two weeks, 20 sessions. To assess a. anthropometric measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis was conducted; b. biological factors fasting venous blood was drawn; c. psychological aspects: Eating Attitudes Test, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Body Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale were used. Results: The patient responded well to stimulation - apart from a mild headache. After tDCS sessions, improvement in anthropometric measurements, mood, and body self-esteem was observed. No severe changes in blood parameters were observed after the intervention. Conclusions: Described study case offer preliminary support for achieving meaningful clinical outcomes using transcranial stimulation. However, future clinical studies compared to the placebo group are necessary for proposing a new type of AN therapy.
{"title":"Efficiency of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Anorexia Nervosa Treatment- Case Report","authors":"Zuzanna Rząd, P. Szewczyk, J. Rog, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation with considerable potential as a treatment for many CNS disorders. Individuals suffering from eating disorders have elevated rates of lifetime depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder, also affecting specific brain regions. More studies assess the effect of brain modulation in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to evaluate the effect, tolerability and safety of tDCS stimulation in the patient with an AN diagnosis. Material and method: The therapy was implemented in an 18-year-old female hospitalized at the I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin. The simulation was performed twice daily for 25 minutes for two weeks, 20 sessions. To assess a. anthropometric measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis was conducted; b. biological factors fasting venous blood was drawn; c. psychological aspects: Eating Attitudes Test, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Body Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale were used. Results: The patient responded well to stimulation - apart from a mild headache. After tDCS sessions, improvement in anthropometric measurements, mood, and body self-esteem was observed. No severe changes in blood parameters were observed after the intervention. Conclusions: Described study case offer preliminary support for achieving meaningful clinical outcomes using transcranial stimulation. However, future clinical studies compared to the placebo group are necessary for proposing a new type of AN therapy.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"11 1","pages":"111 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81098845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Izabela Halczuk, K. Nowak, Sylvia Chiriboga, J. Rog
Abstract Introduction: Fasting is defined as a period of voluntary abstinence from eating food for religious, therapeutic or political reasons, which is associated with a reduction in the supply of sources (kilocalories) to the body. There are different types of fasting, including short, long or intermittent fasting. It has been shown that the use of different types of fasting can influence the occurrence of mood disorders. The aim of this review was to search for the relationship between the use of fasting and mood disorders and its potential use as a therapeutic method. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: fasting, intermittent fasting, mood disorders, depression, Ramadan, for studies listed from database inception to November 2021. Results: A review of the collected scientific articles indicates that the dietary restrictions, including both daily restriction of caloric consumption and the use of intermittent fasting (IF), has potentially numerous health benefits in the co-treatment of mental diseases. However, due to conflicting results, further clinical trials in mentally ill people should be conducted. It is worth remembering that among patients with mental illnesses there are somatically ill. IF in these people may require additional nutritional modifications or discontinuation of therapy. Conclusions: Dietary restriction and fasting are promising methods in co-therapy of mood disorders treatment. However, implementing therapy needs earlier individual evaluation of their benefits and risk, the same as patient’s feasibility of implementing this type of intervention.
{"title":"Fasting in mood disorders and its potential therapeutic aspects -narrative review","authors":"Izabela Halczuk, K. Nowak, Sylvia Chiriboga, J. Rog","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Fasting is defined as a period of voluntary abstinence from eating food for religious, therapeutic or political reasons, which is associated with a reduction in the supply of sources (kilocalories) to the body. There are different types of fasting, including short, long or intermittent fasting. It has been shown that the use of different types of fasting can influence the occurrence of mood disorders. The aim of this review was to search for the relationship between the use of fasting and mood disorders and its potential use as a therapeutic method. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: fasting, intermittent fasting, mood disorders, depression, Ramadan, for studies listed from database inception to November 2021. Results: A review of the collected scientific articles indicates that the dietary restrictions, including both daily restriction of caloric consumption and the use of intermittent fasting (IF), has potentially numerous health benefits in the co-treatment of mental diseases. However, due to conflicting results, further clinical trials in mentally ill people should be conducted. It is worth remembering that among patients with mental illnesses there are somatically ill. IF in these people may require additional nutritional modifications or discontinuation of therapy. Conclusions: Dietary restriction and fasting are promising methods in co-therapy of mood disorders treatment. However, implementing therapy needs earlier individual evaluation of their benefits and risk, the same as patient’s feasibility of implementing this type of intervention.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"101 1","pages":"59 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73643399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: The aim of the current study was to present the results of the first step of the Mind Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) adaptation to the Polish sample. The adaptation involved performing translation of the scale, verification of the translated items’ accessibility and the analysis of the internal consistency. Material and methods: MWQ in original form is a single-factor short self-assessing questionnaire composed of five items with a 6-point Likert-type answering scale. The translation of items was performed by a professional language expert according to psychometric rules. The research group included 70 healthy young adults (students), aged 21.53, an equal number of males and females. Results: The adapted questionnaire exhibited a single-factorial structure and satisfactory parameters of internal consistency: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78, all individual items were significantly correlated with MWQ total score, and the mean value of correlation reached 0.74. The mean value of the adopted MWQ total score reached 15.84 (SD = 4.11). The study showing the initial step of the questionnaire adaptation revealed that the scale in the Polish version has an internal structure comparable with the original one, and its internal consistency exhibited good parameters. Conclusions: In the next steps of the scale full adaptation, a convergent validity assessment should be carried out together with correlations with other scales assessing psychological constructs and dimensions of individual differences associated with Mind Wandering, such as neuroticism and impulsiveness.
{"title":"The initial Polish adaptation of the Mind Wandering Questionnaire: translation and verification of the scale internal consistency","authors":"P. Krukow","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The aim of the current study was to present the results of the first step of the Mind Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) adaptation to the Polish sample. The adaptation involved performing translation of the scale, verification of the translated items’ accessibility and the analysis of the internal consistency. Material and methods: MWQ in original form is a single-factor short self-assessing questionnaire composed of five items with a 6-point Likert-type answering scale. The translation of items was performed by a professional language expert according to psychometric rules. The research group included 70 healthy young adults (students), aged 21.53, an equal number of males and females. Results: The adapted questionnaire exhibited a single-factorial structure and satisfactory parameters of internal consistency: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78, all individual items were significantly correlated with MWQ total score, and the mean value of correlation reached 0.74. The mean value of the adopted MWQ total score reached 15.84 (SD = 4.11). The study showing the initial step of the questionnaire adaptation revealed that the scale in the Polish version has an internal structure comparable with the original one, and its internal consistency exhibited good parameters. Conclusions: In the next steps of the scale full adaptation, a convergent validity assessment should be carried out together with correlations with other scales assessing psychological constructs and dimensions of individual differences associated with Mind Wandering, such as neuroticism and impulsiveness.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"50 1","pages":"73 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85720954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: The main indication for electrical interventions remains mood disorders. Depressive disorders have high comorbidity, which is one factor in poorer remission and higher suicide risk. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a variety of psychopathology, in particular the presence of mood swings, impulsive behaviour, and difficulties in maintaining stable interpersonal relationships. An extremely serious clinical problem is the occurrence of episodes of self-harm and suicidal behaviour in these patients. Comorbidity in affective disorders increases the risk of suicide and also reduces the likelihood of achieving symptomatic remission. Material and methods: A case report of a patient with a major depressive episode and suicidal tendencies with coexisting borderline personality disorder who received electrical treatments with good results is presented and literature from the last 10 years is reviewed using the keywords: borderline personality disorder, depression, electroconvulsive therapy, suicide. Results: The results of several studies indicate that electrical treatments are partially effective in patients suffering from depressive disorders and borderline personality disorder. Conclusions: The case of the patient described, as well as data from the literature, suggest that further research is needed into the use of electrical interventions in patients with mood disorders and comorbidity, and their use may be considered in them as a potentially good therapeutic method. The use of ECT in a patient with comorbid personality disorder reflects an individualized treatment approach; however, there is a need for further research in this area, especially in the context of long-term treatment effects.
{"title":"Can electrical interventions be helpful in treating mood disorders in patients diagnosed with personality disorders? Case report and literature review.","authors":"E. Stelmach","doi":"10.2478/cpp-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The main indication for electrical interventions remains mood disorders. Depressive disorders have high comorbidity, which is one factor in poorer remission and higher suicide risk. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a variety of psychopathology, in particular the presence of mood swings, impulsive behaviour, and difficulties in maintaining stable interpersonal relationships. An extremely serious clinical problem is the occurrence of episodes of self-harm and suicidal behaviour in these patients. Comorbidity in affective disorders increases the risk of suicide and also reduces the likelihood of achieving symptomatic remission. Material and methods: A case report of a patient with a major depressive episode and suicidal tendencies with coexisting borderline personality disorder who received electrical treatments with good results is presented and literature from the last 10 years is reviewed using the keywords: borderline personality disorder, depression, electroconvulsive therapy, suicide. Results: The results of several studies indicate that electrical treatments are partially effective in patients suffering from depressive disorders and borderline personality disorder. Conclusions: The case of the patient described, as well as data from the literature, suggest that further research is needed into the use of electrical interventions in patients with mood disorders and comorbidity, and their use may be considered in them as a potentially good therapeutic method. The use of ECT in a patient with comorbid personality disorder reflects an individualized treatment approach; however, there is a need for further research in this area, especially in the context of long-term treatment effects.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"2 1","pages":"104 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90458888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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