Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0014
M. Talarowska, Małgorzata Juraś-Darowny
Objectives: While from a developmental perspective, a secure bond with a parent is of great importance to a child's functioning, its establishment depends mainly on the caregivers and their parental attitudes – specific strategies or styles that enable the fulfilment of parental responsibilities. The objective of the presented study was to assess the correlation between the early maladaptive schemas and retrospectively assessed parental attitudes. Methods: The study involved 94 people between the ages of 18 and 64 (average age: M=34.84, SD=11.12). Each participant completed a set of the following tools: the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3-PL), the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCR), and the Young Parent Inventory (YPI). Both parents’ attitudes were similarly associated with the formation of early maladaptive schemas. For both mothers and fathers, loving and rejecting attitudes had the most numerous associations with the formation of early maladaptive schemas. Conclusions: 1. In a retrospective evaluation of the subjects, both parents had a similar impact on the formation of domains of early maladaptive schemas. The Results: only statistically significant differences occurred in the domain of Impaired Autonomy and Performance. Mothers had a stronger influence on the formation of schemas in this group. 2. For both mothers and fathers, loving (L) and rejecting (R) attitudes had the most numerous associations with the formation of early maladaptive schemas. Keywords: early maladaptive schemas, parental attitudes, attachment
{"title":"Retrospective assessment of parental attitudes versus severity of early maladaptive schemas in a non-clinical population of Polish adults – preliminary reports","authors":"M. Talarowska, Małgorzata Juraś-Darowny","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: While from a developmental perspective, a secure bond with a parent is of great importance to a child's functioning, its establishment depends mainly on the caregivers and their parental attitudes – specific strategies or styles that enable the fulfilment of parental responsibilities. The objective of the presented study was to assess the correlation between the early maladaptive schemas and retrospectively assessed parental attitudes.\u0000Methods: The study involved 94 people between the ages of 18 and 64 (average age: M=34.84, SD=11.12). Each participant completed a set of the following tools: the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3-PL), the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCR), and the Young Parent Inventory (YPI).\u0000Both parents’ attitudes were similarly associated with the formation of early maladaptive schemas. For both mothers and fathers, loving and rejecting attitudes had the most numerous associations with the formation of early maladaptive schemas.\u0000Conclusions: 1. In a retrospective evaluation of the subjects, both parents had a similar impact on the formation of domains of early maladaptive schemas. The Results: only statistically significant differences occurred in the domain of Impaired Autonomy and Performance. Mothers had a stronger influence on the formation of schemas in this group. 2. For both mothers and fathers, loving (L) and rejecting (R) attitudes had the most numerous associations with the formation of early maladaptive schemas.\u0000\u0000Keywords: early maladaptive schemas, parental attitudes, attachment","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"20 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0006
Barbara Mróz
Introduction: The peculiarities of being a prominent actor - the unity of the person and the work, recognition and significance - have made possible new and relevant from the point of view of personality and creativity psychology to analyze using the Rorschach method. Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the personality maturity, type of experiencing, social contacts of prominent Polish actors by means of a qualitative method. Method: The Rorschach Test according to the American signing system of Z. Piotrowski. The study group consisted of 120 Polish actors: 40 outstanding Polish actors, also known in the world from international films or received awards (group A), 40 actors working in theaters in large cities (B), 40 actors employed in theaters in small cities(C). The groups were matched for age (M= 44.7 years, SD 9.31). Results: Analysis of the level of differences in maturity proved statistically significant. The study showed indicators of rivalry, which can stimulate aggressive behavior, for example, but the overall profile indicates good adaptation and control of emotions. The psychogram was dominated by signatures indicating an ambidextrous, differentiated type of experiencing,signifying creative imagination, a tendency to reflect, which is at the same time balanced by external activity,good adaptation. Discussion: The respondents' life activity is characterized by decisiveness, with a tinge of aggression. This attitude can be a cause conflicts with people who may be perceived as rivals, the results of other researchers also indicate. Conclusions: The study of prominent actors using the Rorschach test was conducted for the first time on such a scale, providing many valuable findings. Keywords: Rorschach Test, type of experiencing, emotional sphere, interpersonal relations
{"title":"Can an artist be mature? Rorschach studies of prominent Polish actors","authors":"Barbara Mróz","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The peculiarities of being a prominent actor - the unity of the person and the work, recognition and significance - have made possible new and relevant from the point of view of personality and creativity psychology to analyze using the Rorschach method.\u0000Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the personality maturity, type of experiencing, social contacts of prominent Polish actors by means of a qualitative method.\u0000Method: The Rorschach Test according to the American signing system of Z. Piotrowski. The study group consisted of 120 Polish actors: 40 outstanding Polish actors, also known in the world from international films or received awards (group A), 40 actors working in theaters in large cities (B), 40 actors employed in theaters in small cities(C). The groups were matched for age (M= 44.7 years, SD 9.31).\u0000Results: Analysis of the level of differences in maturity proved statistically significant. The study showed indicators of rivalry, which can stimulate aggressive behavior, for example, but the overall profile indicates good adaptation and control of emotions. The psychogram was dominated by signatures indicating an ambidextrous, differentiated type of experiencing,signifying creative imagination, a tendency to reflect, which is at the same time balanced by external activity,good adaptation.\u0000Discussion: The respondents' life activity is characterized by decisiveness, with a tinge of aggression. This attitude can be a cause conflicts with people who may be perceived as rivals, the results of other researchers also indicate.\u0000Conclusions: The study of prominent actors using the Rorschach test was conducted for the first time on such a scale, providing many valuable findings.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Rorschach Test, type of experiencing, emotional sphere, interpersonal relations","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0005
Szymon Florek, Kamila Meca, Łukasz Czogalik, M. Piegza, P. Dębski, R. Pudlo
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly affected the mental health of the population. This issue has become the focus of interest of various research groups in recent years, resulting in a number of publications on the subject. Among other things, increases in anxiety, aggression, depression and other variables have been observed in different populations. Material and method: The authors of the present project conducted a web-based survey among university students in Poland. They used scales to assess the intensity of anxiety (GAD-7), aggressive behaviour (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire -ABPQ), alcohol consumption (AUDIT test), and mental toughness (ER-89). The entire survey was conducted in two stages, with the second stage taking place by sending survey forms to email addresses previously provided by respondents. Results: In the first term of the study, higher levels of anxiety and anger and lower levels of alcohol consumption were observed among women compared to men. Medical students reported lower levels of verbal, physical and generalised aggression compared to non-medical students. A follow-up study conducted after three months showed a reduction in anxiety among students. Discussion: Adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic among students did not differ from changes in other communities. Women are characterized by higher levels of anxiety and anger and less alcohol consumption compared to men. A significant decrease in anxiety intensity was observed in the follow-up study. Medical students were characterized by lower levels of verbal, physical and generalized aggression. Keywords: anxiety, students, alcohol consumption, COVID-19, ego-resilience
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental state of Polish students","authors":"Szymon Florek, Kamila Meca, Łukasz Czogalik, M. Piegza, P. Dębski, R. Pudlo","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly affected the mental health of the population. This issue has become the focus of interest of various research groups in recent years, resulting in a number of publications on the subject. Among other things, increases in anxiety, aggression, depression and other variables have been observed in different populations.\u0000Material and method: The authors of the present project conducted a web-based survey among university students in Poland. They used scales to assess the intensity of anxiety (GAD-7), aggressive behaviour (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire -ABPQ), alcohol consumption (AUDIT test), and mental toughness (ER-89). The entire survey was conducted in two stages, with the second stage taking place by sending survey forms to email addresses previously provided by respondents.\u0000Results: In the first term of the study, higher levels of anxiety and anger and lower levels of alcohol consumption were observed among women compared to men. Medical students reported lower levels of verbal, physical and generalised aggression compared to non-medical students. A follow-up study conducted after three months showed a reduction in anxiety among students.\u0000Discussion: Adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic among students did not differ from changes in other communities. Women are characterized by higher levels of anxiety and anger and less alcohol consumption compared to men. A significant decrease in anxiety intensity was observed in the follow-up study. Medical students were characterized by lower levels of verbal, physical and generalized aggression.\u0000\u0000Keywords: anxiety, students, alcohol consumption, COVID-19, ego-resilience","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"589 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0004
Karolina Iwanicka, Julia Mazgaj, Magdalena Mazur, Zuzanna Rząd
Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by restricted energy intake leading to weight loss below the healthy range. It is accompanied by anxiety and distorted body perception. While the disorder often manifests during adolescence, there is a noted decrease in the average age of onset, with an increasing number of cases in childhood. Successful treatment and maintenance of healthy body weight require an understanding of the complex etiology of AN, encompassing both psychosocial and specific biological factors. Material and methods: For the review, databases PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were utilized, searching for the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, neurotrophins, neurotrophin 3, neurotrophin 4, BDNF, nerve growth factor, from the inception of the databases until September 2023. Discussion: In the biological context, neurotrophic growth factors such as neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) may play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of AN. These substances are involved in processes such as neuroprotection, proliferation, maturation, and survival of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. They regulate neuronal plasticity, impact the production of neurotransmitters, and control synaptic activity. BDNF and neurotrophin 3 influence the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems, which may be associated with neurobiological processes responsible for anxiety and mood disorders. Conclusions: Understanding the role of neurotrophins in AN has the potential to lead to more effective and personalized therapies, enabling a better comprehension of the biological mechanisms of this disorder and the development of targeted pharmacological interventions. Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bdnf, neurotrophin 3, neurotrophin 4, nerve growth factor
{"title":"Hungry brain: about the possible contribution of neurotrophic factors to anorexia nervosa","authors":"Karolina Iwanicka, Julia Mazgaj, Magdalena Mazur, Zuzanna Rząd","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by restricted energy intake leading to weight loss below the healthy range. It is accompanied by anxiety and distorted body perception. While the disorder often manifests during adolescence, there is a noted decrease in the average age of onset, with an increasing number of cases in childhood. Successful treatment and maintenance of healthy body weight require an understanding of the complex etiology of AN, encompassing both psychosocial and specific biological factors.\u0000Material and methods: For the review, databases PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were utilized, searching for the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, neurotrophins, neurotrophin 3, neurotrophin 4, BDNF, nerve growth factor, from the inception of the databases until September 2023.\u0000Discussion: In the biological context, neurotrophic growth factors such as neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) may play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of AN. These substances are involved in processes such as neuroprotection, proliferation, maturation, and survival of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. They regulate neuronal plasticity, impact the production of neurotransmitters, and control synaptic activity. BDNF and neurotrophin 3 influence the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems, which may be associated with neurobiological processes responsible for anxiety and mood disorders.\u0000Conclusions: Understanding the role of neurotrophins in AN has the potential to lead to more effective and personalized therapies, enabling a better comprehension of the biological mechanisms of this disorder and the development of targeted pharmacological interventions.\u0000\u0000Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bdnf, neurotrophin 3, neurotrophin 4, nerve growth factor","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0003
Z. Wingralek, Katarzyna Nowak, Agnieszka Banaszek2, Piotr Jagodowski, Michał Próchnicki, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz
Introduction: Consequences of depressive syndrome are changes in central nervous system, especially the reduction in volume and disturbances in neuronal metabolism. There are disturbances in cerebral blood flow, in areas responsible for concentration, memory and regulation of behaviour and emotions. ECT method has shown considerable effectiveness in treatment of depression. It has invariably remained effective as a form of treatment in psychiatry for many years. The way in which the method itself is applied and location of stimulation electrodes remains controversial. In clinical practice, bitemporal, bilateral or right unilateral applications are used, each of which activates slightly different regions in brain, resulting in different therapeutic effects. Methods: A review of available literature was performed by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: bifrontal ECT, bitemporal ECT, right unilateral ECT, cognitive function for original papers, meta-analyses and review papers in Polish and English published from 1990 to 2022. The SANRA scale was used to maintain the high quality of the narrative review. Results: All three methods are effective in treating depressive disorders, but differ in impact on cognitive function. Bi-frontal stimulation is the most effective in emergencies, however related to a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Milder cognitive impairment, with similar therapeutic efficacy, is observed with bitemporal and unilateral placement. Conclusions: Individualised selection of ECT method is recommended, depending on patients' needs and clinical condition. The importance of individualising the dose, location of electrodes, and monitoring of cognitive function is emphasised in order to increase the effectiveness and minimise side effects. Keywords: bifrontal ECT, bitemporal ECT, right unilateral ECT, cognitive function
简介抑郁综合征的后果是中枢神经系统发生变化，特别是体积缩小和神经元代谢紊乱。脑血流、负责集中注意力、记忆、行为和情绪调节的区域出现紊乱。电痉挛疗法在治疗抑郁症方面已显示出相当大的疗效。多年来，作为精神病学的一种治疗方式，它始终保持有效。该方法本身的应用方式和刺激电极的位置仍存在争议。在临床实践中，可采用位时、双侧或右侧单侧应用，每种方法激活的大脑区域略有不同，从而产生不同的治疗效果：方法：通过检索 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库，使用以下关键词：双额叶电痉挛疗法、双颞叶电痉挛疗法、右单侧电痉挛疗法、认知功能，对 1990 年至 2022 年期间发表的波兰语和英语的原创论文、荟萃分析和综述论文进行了综述。为了保证综述的高质量，采用了SANRA量表：结果：这三种方法都能有效治疗抑郁障碍，但对认知功能的影响各不相同。双额叶刺激法在紧急情况下最为有效，但认知功能受损的风险较高。位颞部刺激和单侧刺激对认知功能的损害较轻，但疗效相似：建议根据患者的需求和临床状况，个性化选择电痉挛疗法。结论：建议根据患者的需求和临床情况，个性化选择电痉挛治疗方法，并强调剂量、电极位置和认知功能监测的个体化对于提高疗效和减少副作用的重要性。
{"title":"Efficacy and safety assessment of different electrode placements during electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of depression: a comparison of bitemporal, bifrontal and unilateral right-sided stimulation - a narrative review","authors":"Z. Wingralek, Katarzyna Nowak, Agnieszka Banaszek2, Piotr Jagodowski, Michał Próchnicki, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Consequences of depressive syndrome are changes in central nervous system, especially the reduction in volume and disturbances in neuronal metabolism. There are disturbances in cerebral blood flow, in areas responsible for concentration, memory and regulation of behaviour and emotions. ECT method has shown considerable effectiveness in treatment of depression. \u0000It has invariably remained effective as a form of treatment in psychiatry for many years. The way in which the method itself is applied and location of stimulation electrodes remains controversial. In clinical practice, bitemporal, bilateral or right unilateral applications are used, each of which activates slightly different regions in brain, resulting in different therapeutic effects.\u0000Methods: A review of available literature was performed by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: bifrontal ECT, bitemporal ECT, right unilateral ECT, cognitive function for original papers, meta-analyses and review papers in Polish and English published from 1990 to 2022. The SANRA scale was used to maintain the high quality of the narrative review.\u0000Results: All three methods are effective in treating depressive disorders, but differ in impact on cognitive function. Bi-frontal stimulation is the most effective in emergencies, however related to a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Milder cognitive impairment, with similar therapeutic efficacy, is observed with bitemporal and unilateral placement.\u0000Conclusions: Individualised selection of ECT method is recommended, depending on patients' needs and clinical condition. The importance of individualising the dose, location of electrodes, and monitoring of cognitive function is emphasised in order to increase the effectiveness and minimise side effects.\u0000\u0000Keywords: bifrontal ECT, bitemporal ECT, right unilateral ECT, cognitive function","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0001
M. Malewicz-Sawicka, Sylwia Wierzbicka, Agnieszka Żochowska-Biały
Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to look at the relationship of post-traumatic growth with both type and intensity of trauma in two clinical groups: schizophrenia patients and alcohol-addicted individuals who have had various experiences of a traumatic nature. Material and methods: The subject matter is an analysis of how personal variables (personality traits, self-efficacy, character strengths) can influence the post-traumatic growth in the samples. The study verifies also what events were perceived by the patients as traumatic and life-changing, as well as what differences could be observed in the level of post-traumatic growth in the samples. The goal of the analysis is to find which group has recorded a higher level of post-traumatic growth overall and on specific subscales. Results: The obtained results show that the analysed groups differ in the levels of post-traumatic growth; the highest level was observed among the alcohol-addicted individuals in the scope of their changed perception of self. Post-traumatic growth can be linked, above all, to such personality traits as extraversion and prudence, but only in the group of alcohol-addicted individuals. The largest number of links was found between post-traumatic growth and character strengths, and in this case the quality and quantity of these links were attributed mostly to the group of addicted persons. Conclusions: Further research and advancement of the knowledge would be necessary in order to make post-traumatic growth in mentally-ill persons a milestone of their recovery; moreover, further studies would be helpful for the adaptation of psychological interventions aimed at achieving post-traumatic growth. Keywords: schizophrenia, alcohol addiction, post-traumatic growth
{"title":"Post-traumatic growth in schizophrenia and alcohol addiction","authors":"M. Malewicz-Sawicka, Sylwia Wierzbicka, Agnieszka Żochowska-Biały","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to look at the relationship of post-traumatic growth with both type and intensity of trauma in two clinical groups: schizophrenia patients and alcohol-addicted individuals who have had various experiences of a traumatic nature.\u0000Material and methods: The subject matter is an analysis of how personal variables (personality traits, self-efficacy, character strengths) can influence the post-traumatic growth in the samples. The study verifies also what events were perceived by the patients as traumatic and life-changing, as well as what differences could be observed in the level of post-traumatic growth in the samples. The goal of the analysis is to find which group has recorded a higher level of post-traumatic growth overall and on specific subscales.\u0000Results: The obtained results show that the analysed groups differ in the levels of post-traumatic growth; the highest level was observed among the alcohol-addicted individuals in the scope of their changed perception of self. Post-traumatic growth can be linked, above all, to such personality traits as extraversion and prudence, but only in the group of alcohol-addicted individuals. The largest number of links was found between post-traumatic growth and character strengths, and in this case the quality and quantity of these links were attributed mostly to the group of addicted persons.\u0000Conclusions: Further research and advancement of the knowledge would be necessary in order to make post-traumatic growth in mentally-ill persons a milestone of their recovery; moreover, further studies would be helpful for the adaptation of psychological interventions aimed at achieving post-traumatic growth.\u0000\u0000Keywords: schizophrenia, alcohol addiction, post-traumatic growth","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0002
A. Zaczek, Anna Pietrasińska-Wojna, A. Szczegielniak, Katarzyna Girczys-Połedniok, P. Dębski, R. Pudlo
Introduction: Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, however it causes considerable discomfort in patients. Their psychological functioning is sometimes not sufficiently taken into account by the medical staff, preoccupied with somatic conditions. The aim of this study was to reveal affective and cognitive aspects of how patients undergoing colonoscopy function in order to better understand periprocedural discomfort and pain and suggest interventions to reduce them. Material and methods: A total number of 101 patients, undergoing colonoscopy during their stay at the internal ward, were asked to participate in this prospective, observational study. Three measurements were made: the day before the examination, on the colonoscopy day (after bowel cleansing, before the procedure) and the following day. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, short version of The Illness Perceptions Questionnaire , as well as analog scales (measuring pain, sadness, anxiety, irritability, general discomfort and distress) were used. Ultimately, 50 people completed the study. Results: It has been shown that pain and discomfort on the colonoscopy day correlate positively with all measured aspects of negative affect. On the colonoscopy day 18% of the subjects revealed depressive symptoms matching a depressive episode, while 56.6% of the subjects displayed a high level of state anxiety. The worse the patient's understanding of the disease, the more periprocedural pain he/she experiences. Their cognitive functioning is worse on the colonoscopy day. Conclusions: The results suggest that it is advisable to educate patients early enough (not on the day of the procedure) about their ailments and planned colonoscopy. Keywords: psychiatry, colonoscopy, pain, emotions, cognitive function
{"title":"Colonoscopy and the psyche – pain and discomfort associations with affect and cognitive functions","authors":"A. Zaczek, Anna Pietrasińska-Wojna, A. Szczegielniak, Katarzyna Girczys-Połedniok, P. Dębski, R. Pudlo","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, however it causes considerable discomfort in patients. Their psychological functioning is sometimes not sufficiently taken into account by the medical staff, preoccupied with somatic conditions. The aim of this study was to reveal affective and cognitive aspects of how patients undergoing colonoscopy function in order to better understand periprocedural discomfort and pain and suggest interventions to reduce them.\u0000Material and methods: A total number of 101 patients, undergoing colonoscopy during their stay at the internal ward, were asked to participate in this prospective, observational study. Three measurements were made: the day before the examination, on the colonoscopy day (after bowel cleansing, before the procedure) and the following day. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, short version of The Illness Perceptions Questionnaire , as well as analog scales (measuring pain, sadness, anxiety, irritability, general discomfort and distress) were used. Ultimately, 50 people completed the study.\u0000Results: It has been shown that pain and discomfort on the colonoscopy day correlate positively with all measured aspects of negative affect. On the colonoscopy day 18% of the subjects revealed depressive symptoms matching a depressive episode, while 56.6% of the subjects displayed a high level of state anxiety. The worse the patient's understanding of the disease, the more periprocedural pain he/she experiences. Their cognitive functioning is worse on the colonoscopy day.\u0000Conclusions: The results suggest that it is advisable to educate patients early enough (not on the day of the procedure) about their ailments and planned colonoscopy.\u0000\u0000Keywords: psychiatry, colonoscopy, pain, emotions, cognitive function","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"178 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0025
Aleksandra Metelska, Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the group of coronaviruses. Among patients infected with the COVID virus, neuropsychiatric symptoms are observed, such as dizziness and headaches, anxiety, depression, as well as delusions and hallucinations. Psychotic symptoms have been observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 without a prior psychiatric history. Aim: The purpose of this study was to present a case of a patient with neuropsychiatric symptoms, most likely caused by a past COVID infection, and to present possible pathophysiological mechanisms explaining neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and methods: Literature review was carried out using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, using the following keywords: SARS-COV-2, neuropsychiatric symptoms, reactive psychosis, cytokine storm, limiting the search scope to 2019-2023. Publications in English were used. The patient's medical records, results of laboratory and imaging tests and descriptions of psychological tests were used to describe the case. Case description: A 27-year-old patient, not previously treated psychiatrically, with a recent COVID-19 infection, who developed acute, quickly passing psychotic symptoms in the form of persecutory delusions and visual and auditory hallucinations in a short period of time. Discussion: The effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the central nervous system is not fully understood - the literature presents several possible mechanisms underlying the neuropsychiatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-19 infection, which include viral infiltration into the central nervous system, dysregulation of the cytokine network and excitotoxicity and translocation of intestinal microbes. Keywords: SARS-COV-2, neuropsychiatric symptoms, reactive psychosis, cytokine storm
{"title":"Psychotic decompensation in the course of SARS-COV-2 infection - case report","authors":"Aleksandra Metelska, Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the group of coronaviruses. Among patients infected with the COVID virus, neuropsychiatric symptoms are observed, such as dizziness and headaches, anxiety, depression, as well\u0000as delusions and hallucinations. Psychotic symptoms have been observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 without a prior psychiatric history.\u0000Aim: The purpose of this study was to present a case of a patient with neuropsychiatric symptoms, most likely caused by a past COVID infection, and to present possible pathophysiological mechanisms explaining neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course\u0000of SARS-CoV-2 infection.\u0000Material and methods: Literature review was carried out using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, using the following keywords: SARS-COV-2, neuropsychiatric symptoms, reactive psychosis, cytokine storm, limiting the search scope to 2019-2023. Publications in English were used. The patient's medical records, results of laboratory and imaging tests and descriptions of psychological tests were used to describe the case.\u0000Case description: A 27-year-old patient, not previously treated psychiatrically, with a recent COVID-19 infection, who developed acute, quickly passing psychotic symptoms in the form of persecutory delusions and visual and auditory hallucinations in a short period of time.\u0000Discussion: The effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the central nervous system is not fully understood - the literature presents several possible mechanisms underlying the neuropsychiatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-19 infection, which include viral infiltration into the central nervous system, dysregulation of the cytokine network and \u0000excitotoxicity and translocation of intestinal microbes.\u0000\u0000Keywords: SARS-COV-2, neuropsychiatric symptoms, reactive psychosis, cytokine storm","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"36 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0024
Adam Zaczek, Robert Pudlo
Introduction: The relationship between a state of a body and mind is well known, although difficult to grasp. Its existence is reflected in subsequent editions of the classifications of mental disorders. One important and frequently performed medical procedure that significantly interferes with the patient's somatic state is colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the patient's psychological functioning in the context of colonoscopy. Material and methods: A review of literature in PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted. Keywords used were: colonoscopy, psychiatry, mental disorders, psychogastroenterology, gut-brain axis, anxiety, depression, cognitive functions, pain perception, limiting the search scope to 2013-2023. Discussion: The bidirectional relationship between psychological factors and a range of functional gastrointestinal disorders, contributed to the introduction of the term psychogastroenterology. One of its important areas is the research on the gut-brain axis. The interplay between the gut microbiome and mental functioning is apparent. Colonoscopy disrupts the composition of the intestinal microflora. However, despite its invasiveness, it is still often irreplaceable for the diagnosis and treatment of bowel diseases (including colorectal cancer). Higher adherence is needed, which could be achieved by improving patient comfort. An increased level of anxiety before the procedure and its negative impact on cognitive functioning is observed. Negative affect amplifies the experience of pain. Colonoscopy technique continues to be developed. A comprehensive description of the patient's psychological functioning in a colonoscopy situation is still lacking. Conclusions: A comprehensive description of the patient's affective and cognitive determinants in the context of colonoscopy and the associated pain and discomfort would be advisable. Keywords: psychiatry, gastroenterology, colonoscopy, gut-brain axis
{"title":"Colonoscopy: body and psyche. Can psychiatry contribute to the quality of the examination?","authors":"Adam Zaczek, Robert Pudlo","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The relationship between a state of a body and mind is well known, although difficult to grasp. Its existence is reflected in subsequent editions of the classifications of mental disorders. One important and frequently performed medical procedure that significantly interferes with the patient's somatic state is colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the patient's psychological functioning in the context of colonoscopy. Material and methods: A review of literature in PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted. Keywords used were: colonoscopy, psychiatry, mental disorders, psychogastroenterology, gut-brain axis, anxiety, depression, cognitive functions, pain perception, limiting the search scope to 2013-2023. Discussion: The bidirectional relationship between psychological factors and a range of functional gastrointestinal disorders, contributed to the introduction of the term psychogastroenterology. One of its important areas is the research on the gut-brain axis. The interplay between the gut microbiome and mental functioning is apparent. Colonoscopy disrupts the composition of the intestinal microflora. However, despite its invasiveness, it is still often irreplaceable for the diagnosis and treatment of bowel diseases (including colorectal cancer). Higher adherence is needed, which could be achieved by improving patient comfort. An increased level of anxiety before the procedure and its negative impact on cognitive functioning is observed. Negative affect amplifies the experience of pain. Colonoscopy technique continues to be developed. A comprehensive description of the patient's psychological functioning in a colonoscopy situation is still lacking. Conclusions: A comprehensive description of the patient's affective and cognitive determinants in the context of colonoscopy and the associated pain and discomfort would be advisable. Keywords: psychiatry, gastroenterology, colonoscopy, gut-brain axis","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135936019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0023
Piotr Sikorski, Ewa Sikorska, Marcin Fudalej, Milena Michalska, Marcin Łapiński, Zuzanna Lubaszka, Urszula Żurek, Jakub Fiega, Dorota Szewczyk, Kinga Gurdak, Agata Gurdak, Sylwia Fudalej
Introduction: Conversion disorders are characterized by the presence of motor or sensory dysfunction, resulting in significant discomfort or disability, the occurrence of which is not justified by any somatic disease. Psychogenic blindness, a specific manifestation of conversion disorders, refers to the loss or impairment of vision that cannot be attributed to any organic abnormalities in the eyes or visual system. The exact mechanisms underlying psychogenic blindness are not fully understood, but it is believed to involve complex interactions between the brain, visual pathways, and psychological processes. This systematic review aims to summarize reported cases of blindness in conversion disorders. Material and methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases identified 13 relevant articles reporting a total of 17 patients with psychogenic blindness. Results: The risk and triggering factors for psychogenic blindness included acute stress (for example acute physical injury), chronic stressful situations (such as chronic health problems, disruptions in family relationships), and multiple factors including coexisting psychiatric conditions (like anxiety or other conversion disorders). The course of blindness varied among patients, with duration ranging from hours to years. Diagnostic methods involved thorough ophthalmic and neurological examinations, brain imaging, and psychiatric evaluations. Conclusions: This review provides valuable insights into managing patients with psychogenic blindness. The findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, neurologists, and mental health specialists. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop effective treatment strategies for individuals with psychogenic blindness. Keywords: psychogenic blindness, conversion disorders, causes
{"title":"The causes, diagnostics, and treatment of psychogenic blindness – a systematic review","authors":"Piotr Sikorski, Ewa Sikorska, Marcin Fudalej, Milena Michalska, Marcin Łapiński, Zuzanna Lubaszka, Urszula Żurek, Jakub Fiega, Dorota Szewczyk, Kinga Gurdak, Agata Gurdak, Sylwia Fudalej","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Conversion disorders are characterized by the presence of motor or sensory dysfunction, resulting in significant discomfort or disability, the occurrence of which is not justified by any somatic disease. Psychogenic blindness, a specific manifestation of conversion disorders, refers to the loss or impairment of vision that cannot be attributed to any organic abnormalities in the eyes or visual system. The exact mechanisms underlying psychogenic blindness are not fully understood, but it is believed to involve complex interactions between the brain, visual pathways, and psychological processes. This systematic review aims to summarize reported cases of blindness in conversion disorders. Material and methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases identified 13 relevant articles reporting a total of 17 patients with psychogenic blindness. Results: The risk and triggering factors for psychogenic blindness included acute stress (for example acute physical injury), chronic stressful situations (such as chronic health problems, disruptions in family relationships), and multiple factors including coexisting psychiatric conditions (like anxiety or other conversion disorders). The course of blindness varied among patients, with duration ranging from hours to years. Diagnostic methods involved thorough ophthalmic and neurological examinations, brain imaging, and psychiatric evaluations. Conclusions: This review provides valuable insights into managing patients with psychogenic blindness. The findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, neurologists, and mental health specialists. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop effective treatment strategies for individuals with psychogenic blindness. Keywords: psychogenic blindness, conversion disorders, causes","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136311766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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