Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-002223/
Jacek Januszewski, Alicja Forma, Ryszard Sitarz, Joanna Kobak, Magdalena Tyczyńska, Julita Zembala, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Grzegorz Teresiński, Agnieszka Markiewicz-Gospodarek, Jacek Baj
Introduction: Drinking water contaminated with heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, chromium, zinc, lead, etc. is becoming a major health concern. Some trace elements have been linked to neurotoxic effects and an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, although there is still an area for further investigations on how they may affect neurological and psychiatric illnesses. It is widely acknowledged that the generation of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative damage and other detrimental health effects, and is the main mechanism underlying heavy metal-induced toxicity in contaminated drinking water. The aim: The main objective of this narrative review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the concentrations of chosen trace elements in drinking water and their possible relationship with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences platforms. The analysis included both reviews and original studies. Discussion: Some elements such as aluminum, arsenic, lithium, or nickel have been suggested to be risk factors for psychoneurological disorders. Further, studies suggest that some neurobehavioral disorders might be due to the collective action of metals in drinking water. Keywords: trace elements; drinking water; contamination; neurological disorder; psychiatric disorder
被砷、镉、镍、汞、铬、锌、铅等重金属污染的饮用水正成为一个主要的健康问题。一些微量元素与神经毒性作用和增加神经发育障碍的风险有关，尽管它们如何影响神经和精神疾病仍有进一步的研究领域。人们普遍认为，活性氧的产生会引起氧化损伤和其他有害的健康影响，是污染饮用水中重金属中毒的主要机制。目的:这篇叙述性综述的主要目的是总结目前关于饮用水中选定微量元素浓度及其与神经和精神疾病的可能关系的知识。材料和方法:使用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Sciences平台对现有文献进行综述。分析包括综述和原始研究。讨论:一些元素如铝、砷、锂或镍被认为是精神神经障碍的危险因素。此外，研究表明，一些神经行为障碍可能是由于饮用水中金属的集体作用。关键词:微量元素;饮用水;污染;神经障碍;精神障碍
{"title":"Trace elements concentrations in drinking water – is there a risk for neurological or psychiatric disorders?","authors":"Jacek Januszewski, Alicja Forma, Ryszard Sitarz, Joanna Kobak, Magdalena Tyczyńska, Julita Zembala, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Grzegorz Teresiński, Agnieszka Markiewicz-Gospodarek, Jacek Baj","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-002223/","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-002223/","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drinking water contaminated with heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, chromium, zinc, lead, etc. is becoming a major health concern. Some trace elements have been linked to neurotoxic effects and an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, although there is still an area for further investigations on how they may affect neurological and psychiatric illnesses. It is widely acknowledged that the generation of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative damage and other detrimental health effects, and is the main mechanism underlying heavy metal-induced toxicity in contaminated drinking water. The aim: The main objective of this narrative review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the concentrations of chosen trace elements in drinking water and their possible relationship with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences platforms. The analysis included both reviews and original studies. Discussion: Some elements such as aluminum, arsenic, lithium, or nickel have been suggested to be risk factors for psychoneurological disorders. Further, studies suggest that some neurobehavioral disorders might be due to the collective action of metals in drinking water. Keywords: trace elements; drinking water; contamination; neurological disorder; psychiatric disorder","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135244595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0022
Jacek Januszewski, Alicja Forma, Ryszard Sitarz, Joanna Kobak, Magdalena Tyczyńska, Julita Zembala, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Grzegorz Teresiński, Agnieszka Markiewicz-Gospodarek, Jacek Baj
Introduction: Drinking water contaminated with heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, chromium, zinc, lead, etc. is becoming a major health concern. Some trace elements have been linked to neurotoxic effects and an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, although there is still an area for further investigations on how they may affect neurological and psychiatric illnesses. It is widely acknowledged that the generation of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative damage and other detrimental health effects, and is the main mechanism underlying heavy metal-induced toxicity in contaminated drinking water. The aim: The main objective of this narrative review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the concentrations of chosen trace elements in drinking water and their possible relationship with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences platforms. The analysis included both reviews and original studies. Discussion: Some elements such as aluminum, arsenic, lithium, or nickel have been suggested to be risk factors for psychoneurological disorders. Further, studies suggest that some neurobehavioral disorders might be due to the collective action of metals in drinking water. Keywords: trace elements; drinking water; contamination; neurological disorder; psychiatric disorder
被砷、镉、镍、汞、铬、锌、铅等重金属污染的饮用水正成为一个主要的健康问题。一些微量元素与神经毒性作用和增加神经发育障碍的风险有关，尽管它们如何影响神经和精神疾病仍有进一步的研究领域。人们普遍认为，活性氧的产生会引起氧化损伤和其他有害的健康影响，是污染饮用水中重金属中毒的主要机制。目的:这篇叙述性综述的主要目的是总结目前关于饮用水中选定微量元素浓度及其与神经和精神疾病的可能关系的知识。材料和方法:使用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Sciences平台对现有文献进行综述。分析包括综述和原始研究。讨论:一些元素如铝、砷、锂或镍被认为是精神神经障碍的危险因素。此外，研究表明，一些神经行为障碍可能是由于饮用水中金属的集体作用。关键词:微量元素;饮用水;污染;神经障碍;精神障碍
{"title":"Trace elements concentrations in drinking water – is there a risk for neurological or psychiatric disorders?","authors":"Jacek Januszewski, Alicja Forma, Ryszard Sitarz, Joanna Kobak, Magdalena Tyczyńska, Julita Zembala, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Grzegorz Teresiński, Agnieszka Markiewicz-Gospodarek, Jacek Baj","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drinking water contaminated with heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, chromium, zinc, lead, etc. is becoming a major health concern. Some trace elements have been linked to neurotoxic effects and an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, although there is still an area for further investigations on how they may affect neurological and psychiatric illnesses. It is widely acknowledged that the generation of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative damage and other detrimental health effects, and is the main mechanism underlying heavy metal-induced toxicity in contaminated drinking water. The aim: The main objective of this narrative review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the concentrations of chosen trace elements in drinking water and their possible relationship with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences platforms. The analysis included both reviews and original studies. Discussion: Some elements such as aluminum, arsenic, lithium, or nickel have been suggested to be risk factors for psychoneurological disorders. Further, studies suggest that some neurobehavioral disorders might be due to the collective action of metals in drinking water. Keywords: trace elements; drinking water; contamination; neurological disorder; psychiatric disorder","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0021
Katarzyna Tomaszek
Introduction: False self is defined as the discrepancy between what we show and what we truly think and feel, and is associated with mental health and social problems. The present study aimed to examine the perception of false self-relationships with emotions, and educational and mental health problems. Specifically, the mediation effects of emotional regulation strategies and academic burnout on the association between perceived false self and depressive symptoms as well as life satisfaction were tested. Material and methods: The study design was cross-sectional. A paper-pencil method of data collection was used. The survey included the Academic Burnout Inventory (MBI-SS), the Perceived False Self Scale (POFS), the Depressive Symptoms Questionnaire (CES-D), and the life satisfaction scale (SWS). A total number of 149 participants took part in this study (aged: M=21.09; SD=1.72; 84.6% women). Results: The findings indicate that the perceived false self, emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and academic burnout explain 31% of depressive symptoms and 31% of life satisfaction. The perceived false self was associated indirectly with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction via (1) emotional suppression, (2) academic burnout, and (3) emotional suppression, cognitive reassessment, and academic burnout altogether. Conclusions: Findings confirmed that inauthenticity is connected to mental health impairment and educational problems. Hiding the true self is associated with the suppression of true emotions, and for this reason, a person may experience tension. Consequently, a long-term struggle with distress generates burnout syndrome and an increased risk of mental health problems. In preventive interventions, it is important to include actions that strengthen authentic responses. Keywords: life satisfaction, emotional regulation, academic burnout, perceived false self, symptoms of depression
{"title":"You better stop hiding your true self! The relationship between perceived false self, academic burnout, and mental health problems","authors":"Katarzyna Tomaszek","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: False self is defined as the discrepancy between what we show and what we truly think and feel, and is associated with mental health and social problems. The present study aimed to examine the perception of false self-relationships with emotions, and educational and mental health problems. Specifically, the mediation effects of emotional regulation strategies and academic burnout on the association between perceived false self and depressive symptoms as well as life satisfaction were tested. Material and methods: The study design was cross-sectional. A paper-pencil method of data collection was used. The survey included the Academic Burnout Inventory (MBI-SS), the Perceived False Self Scale (POFS), the Depressive Symptoms Questionnaire (CES-D), and the life satisfaction scale (SWS). A total number of 149 participants took part in this study (aged: M=21.09; SD=1.72; 84.6% women). Results: The findings indicate that the perceived false self, emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and academic burnout explain 31% of depressive symptoms and 31% of life satisfaction. The perceived false self was associated indirectly with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction via (1) emotional suppression, (2) academic burnout, and (3) emotional suppression, cognitive reassessment, and academic burnout altogether. Conclusions: Findings confirmed that inauthenticity is connected to mental health impairment and educational problems. Hiding the true self is associated with the suppression of true emotions, and for this reason, a person may experience tension. Consequently, a long-term struggle with distress generates burnout syndrome and an increased risk of mental health problems. In preventive interventions, it is important to include actions that strengthen authentic responses. Keywords: life satisfaction, emotional regulation, academic burnout, perceived false self, symptoms of depression","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134961043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0020
Wiktoria Bojarska, Karolina Bury, Radosław Januszczak, Bartosz Burda
Introduction: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness caused by exposure to a traumatic event. The current treatment includes trauma-focused psychotherapy along with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It is estimated that for about 40-60% of patients it does not bring the desired improvement, which prompted scientists to look for new methods of pharmacotherapy. The most promising compound is MDMA. Material and methods: The purpose of this paper is to review publications from years 2020-2022 available on the PubMed platform about using MDMA in PTSD treatment, using words: MDMA, PTSD, MDMA and PTSD. Discussion: MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychoactive substance that increases brain levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Studies show that this treatment reduces symptoms of severe PTSD, comparing to placebo and current treatment. Patients reported improvement in terms of well-being, number of nightmares, sleep disorders, self-perception or interpersonal relationships. The positive effects of MDMA therapy were long-lasting. They persisted for 12 months after the end of treatment. According to research, MDMA reduces the symptoms of concomitant disorders, e.g. of eating disorders or by reducing alcohol consumption, without increasing the risk of abuse of other substances or MDMA itself. In addition, MDMA is believed to improve psychotherapy by allowing patients to revisit the traumatic event without negative symptoms. Side effects of therapy are less serious and occur less often than in the case of previously used SSRIs. Conclusions: Abovementioned observations show that MDMA-assisted PTSD psychotherapy is a promising alternative to the existing methods and brings hope for patients with the most severe or treatment-resistant course. Keywords: MDMA, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, PTSD
简介:创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种因暴露于创伤性事件而引起的精神疾病。目前的治疗包括以创伤为重点的心理治疗以及选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)。据估计，对于大约40-60%的患者，它没有带来预期的改善，这促使科学家寻找新的药物治疗方法。最有希望的化合物是MDMA。材料和方法:本文的目的是回顾PubMed平台上关于使用MDMA治疗PTSD的2020-2022年的出版物，使用的词是:MDMA, PTSD, MDMA和PTSD。讨论:MDMA(3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺)是一种精神活性物质，可以增加大脑中血清素、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的水平。研究表明，与安慰剂和目前的治疗方法相比，这种治疗方法可以减轻严重创伤后应激障碍的症状。患者报告在幸福感、噩梦次数、睡眠障碍、自我认知或人际关系方面有所改善。MDMA治疗的积极作用是持久的。他们在治疗结束后持续了12个月。根据研究，摇头丸可减轻伴随疾病的症状，例如饮食失调或通过减少饮酒量，而不会增加滥用其他物质或摇头丸本身的风险。此外，MDMA被认为可以改善心理治疗，使患者在没有负面症状的情况下重新审视创伤事件。与以前使用的SSRIs相比，治疗的副作用不那么严重，发生的频率也更低。结论:上述观察结果表明，mdma辅助PTSD心理治疗是一种有希望的替代现有方法，为病程最严重或最难治疗的患者带来了希望。关键词:MDMA, n -甲基-3,4-亚甲基二氧安非他明，MDMA辅助心理治疗，PTSD
{"title":"From the party to the therapy – MDMA as an alternative for the existing methods of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder treatment","authors":"Wiktoria Bojarska, Karolina Bury, Radosław Januszczak, Bartosz Burda","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness caused by exposure to a traumatic event. The current treatment includes trauma-focused psychotherapy along with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It is estimated that for about 40-60% of patients it does not bring the desired improvement, which prompted scientists to look for new methods of pharmacotherapy. The most promising compound is MDMA. Material and methods: The purpose of this paper is to review publications from years 2020-2022 available on the PubMed platform about using MDMA in PTSD treatment, using words: MDMA, PTSD, MDMA and PTSD. Discussion: MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychoactive substance that increases brain levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Studies show that this treatment reduces symptoms of severe PTSD, comparing to placebo and current treatment. Patients reported improvement in terms of well-being, number of nightmares, sleep disorders, self-perception or interpersonal relationships. The positive effects of MDMA therapy were long-lasting. They persisted for 12 months after the end of treatment. According to research, MDMA reduces the symptoms of concomitant disorders, e.g. of eating disorders or by reducing alcohol consumption, without increasing the risk of abuse of other substances or MDMA itself. In addition, MDMA is believed to improve psychotherapy by allowing patients to revisit the traumatic event without negative symptoms. Side effects of therapy are less serious and occur less often than in the case of previously used SSRIs. Conclusions: Abovementioned observations show that MDMA-assisted PTSD psychotherapy is a promising alternative to the existing methods and brings hope for patients with the most severe or treatment-resistant course. Keywords: MDMA, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, PTSD","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0019
Mikołaj Rak, Michał Danek, Wiktor Dróżdż
Introduction: Alcohol addiction is a common health problem with many negative consequences. Due to the unsatisfactory results of existing treatment, research is being undertaken into new forms of therapy. One such method is transcranial magnetic stimulation. This technique involves applying a magnetic field to the central nervous system. Successive magnetic pulses are delivered at a specific frequency causing neurons depolarization. Such repetitive exposure allows for long-term modulation of cortical excitability, and thus can lead to specific clinical effects. This paper discusses scientific reports about the treatment of alcohol dependence using transcranial magnetic stimulation (both papers on conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, theta burst stimulation and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation are included). Material and methods: Based on the search of the PubMed and Science Direct bibliographic databases, 12 studies published in the years 2010-2022 were selected. The results were tabulated to clearly compare differences in the parameters of stimulation, its location, as well as the effectiveness of the intervention used. Results: The results of selected studies were compared. Differences in methodology were pointed out and the problem of high dropout rate in addiction research was discussed. Conclusions: Currently, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of alcohol dependence. The results of the studies conducted to date are mixed. This is due, among other things, to the choice of different protocols, techniques and stimulation sites. For a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of this form of therapy, more andomized double-blind clinical trials and a sufficiently long follow-up period are needed. Keywords: alcoholism, transcranial magnetic stimulation, therapeutics, biological psychiatry
{"title":"Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of alcohol dependence - a review article","authors":"Mikołaj Rak, Michał Danek, Wiktor Dróżdż","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Alcohol addiction is a common health problem with many negative consequences. Due to the unsatisfactory results of existing treatment, research is being undertaken into new forms of therapy. One such method is transcranial magnetic stimulation. This technique involves applying a magnetic field to the central nervous system. Successive magnetic pulses are delivered at a specific frequency causing neurons depolarization. Such repetitive exposure allows for long-term modulation of cortical excitability, and thus can lead to specific clinical effects. This paper discusses scientific reports about the treatment of alcohol dependence using transcranial magnetic stimulation (both papers on conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, theta burst stimulation and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation are included). Material and methods: Based on the search of the PubMed and Science Direct bibliographic databases, 12 studies published in the years 2010-2022 were selected. The results were tabulated to clearly compare differences in the parameters of stimulation, its location, as well as the effectiveness of the intervention used. Results: The results of selected studies were compared. Differences in methodology were pointed out and the problem of high dropout rate in addiction research was discussed. Conclusions: Currently, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of alcohol dependence. The results of the studies conducted to date are mixed. This is due, among other things, to the choice of different protocols, techniques and stimulation sites. For a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of this form of therapy, more andomized double-blind clinical trials and a sufficiently long follow-up period are needed. Keywords: alcoholism, transcranial magnetic stimulation, therapeutics, biological psychiatry","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0018
Zuzanna Joanna Wingralek, Aleksandra Marczak, Justyna Tomasik, Adrian Giermasiński, Michał Dzikowski
Introduction: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects approximately 1%-3% of the population. As the most common personality disorder, BPD features behavioural, emotional and social dysfunctions. It often co-occurs with self-harm, suicidal tendencies and substance abuse. To date, pharmacological treatment does not provide sufficient therapeutic effects. The aim of our study is to analyse the neurobiological, genetic and environmental components in the aetiopathogenesis of BPD and to collect data on the innovative use of lithium and naltrexone in the therapy of BPD. Methods: Basing on PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: borderline, lithium, naltrexone for papers published from 1979 to 2022. Results: Difficult childhood, and emotional, sexual and physical abuse are the strongest predictors of BPD development. The core symptoms of BPD may be related to dysfunction of the serotonin, dopaminergic, endogenous system and opioid systems. Variation in 5-HTT, COMT, FKBP5 and oxytocin receptor genes may influence the course of BPD. Imaging studies have shown structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Lithium reduces impulsivity, aggression, suicidal tendencies and self-harm in BPD. Naltrexone may effectively reduce self-harm without suicidal tendencies, impulsivity, substance abuse and suicidality. Conclusions: No unified model has been developed to account for environmental, genetic and neurobiological components in the pathogenesis of BPD. Understanding the mechanisms is a crucial step towards personalising treatment. The use of lithium and naltrexone may have positive therapeutic effects. Randomised clinical trials are required to establish the efficacy and safety of both drugs in long-term treatment. Keywords: borderline, lithium, naltrexone
{"title":"The meaning of lithium and naltrexone pharmacotherapy in the treatment of borderline personality disorder – a narrative review","authors":"Zuzanna Joanna Wingralek, Aleksandra Marczak, Justyna Tomasik, Adrian Giermasiński, Michał Dzikowski","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects approximately 1%-3% of the population. As the most common personality disorder, BPD features behavioural, emotional and social dysfunctions. It often co-occurs with self-harm, suicidal tendencies and substance abuse. To date, pharmacological treatment does not provide sufficient therapeutic effects. The aim of our study is to analyse the neurobiological, genetic and environmental components in the aetiopathogenesis of BPD and to collect data on the innovative use of lithium and naltrexone in the therapy of BPD. Methods: Basing on PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: borderline, lithium, naltrexone for papers published from 1979 to 2022. Results: Difficult childhood, and emotional, sexual and physical abuse are the strongest predictors of BPD development. The core symptoms of BPD may be related to dysfunction of the serotonin, dopaminergic, endogenous system and opioid systems. Variation in 5-HTT, COMT, FKBP5 and oxytocin receptor genes may influence the course of BPD. Imaging studies have shown structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Lithium reduces impulsivity, aggression, suicidal tendencies and self-harm in BPD. Naltrexone may effectively reduce self-harm without suicidal tendencies, impulsivity, substance abuse and suicidality. Conclusions: No unified model has been developed to account for environmental, genetic and neurobiological components in the pathogenesis of BPD. Understanding the mechanisms is a crucial step towards personalising treatment. The use of lithium and naltrexone may have positive therapeutic effects. Randomised clinical trials are required to establish the efficacy and safety of both drugs in long-term treatment. Keywords: borderline, lithium, naltrexone","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0016
Elizabeth R. Rovit, Eliana L. Pickholz, Kira S. Fox, Nathan S. Fox
Introduction: To estimate the association between COVID-19 and postpartum depression (PPD) in a retrospective cohort study. Material and methods: Pregnant women who delivered between September 2019-June 2021 at a Mouth Sinai Health System practice in New York City were identified. Baseline information about maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, and postpartum visits were obtained from electronic health records. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scores (EPDS) were used as a postpartum depressive symptom marker. Three analyses were performed to compare scores between: (1) women who delivered before and after COVID-19, (2) pregnant women who delivered after the pandemic who did and did not contract COVID-19, and 3) pregnant women eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine who were and were not vaccinated. Results: A total of 1.797 pregnant women were identified. Pregnant women during the pandemic had statistically significant higher rates of pre-existing mental health diagnoses and psychiatric medicine use compared to those who were pregnant before. No difference was observed in EPDS scores of pregnant women who delivered before vs. after the start of COVID-19 nor between COVID-vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women. Women who contracted COVID-19 in pregnancy had lower EPDS scores than women who did not. Results remain unchanged after controlling for baseline mental health diagnoses. Conclusions: In our cohort, EPDS scores were not associated with pregnancy during the pandemic, COVID infection while pregnant, or COVID vaccination during pregnancy. However, we did identify a higher incidence of baseline mental health diagnoses during the COVID pandemic, but that did not lead to a higher rate of positive screens for postpartum depression.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and the Incidence of Postpartum Depression: a Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Elizabeth R. Rovit, Eliana L. Pickholz, Kira S. Fox, Nathan S. Fox","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To estimate the association between COVID-19 and postpartum depression (PPD) in a retrospective cohort study. Material and methods: Pregnant women who delivered between September 2019-June 2021 at a Mouth Sinai Health System practice in New York City were identified. Baseline information about maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, and postpartum visits were obtained from electronic health records. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scores (EPDS) were used as a postpartum depressive symptom marker. Three analyses were performed to compare scores between: (1) women who delivered before and after COVID-19, (2) pregnant women who delivered after the pandemic who did and did not contract COVID-19, and 3) pregnant women eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine who were and were not vaccinated. Results: A total of 1.797 pregnant women were identified. Pregnant women during the pandemic had statistically significant higher rates of pre-existing mental health diagnoses and psychiatric medicine use compared to those who were pregnant before. No difference was observed in EPDS scores of pregnant women who delivered before vs. after the start of COVID-19 nor between COVID-vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women. Women who contracted COVID-19 in pregnancy had lower EPDS scores than women who did not. Results remain unchanged after controlling for baseline mental health diagnoses. Conclusions: In our cohort, EPDS scores were not associated with pregnancy during the pandemic, COVID infection while pregnant, or COVID vaccination during pregnancy. However, we did identify a higher incidence of baseline mental health diagnoses during the COVID pandemic, but that did not lead to a higher rate of positive screens for postpartum depression.","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0017
Katarzyna Makarewicz, Agnieszka Nowacka
Introduction: The paper presents the analysis of lactation process in the early childhood in children diagnosed with autism spectrum. A structured, detailed interview of mothers and an original survey containing questions concerning lactation and nutrition in the neonatal and infant periods were carried out. Mothers of children with a subsequent autism diagnosis were also asked about worrying symptoms that occurred while breastfeeding. Material and methods: The sample material was obtained from mothers with several children whereas the child diagnosed with autism was in most cases the second one and had healthy siblings. Most surveyed mothers fed children in a natural way at the same time having lactation and nutrition problems in newborns and infants. The paper also presents developmental difficulties at a very early stage reported by mothers in spite of the fact that the full diagnosis of developmental disorders was made at the age of 4 on average. Results: Non-neurotypical symptoms observed by mothers cover the whole range of sometimes very subtle manifestations – from encephalitic scream, sleep disorders, breastfeeding problems, atypical responses, lack of emotional reciprocity to the disorders of sensory processing as well as motor and neurological problems. Conclusions: The study draws attention to the issue of integral child’s development in the neonatal and infant period, the significance of discreet irregularities in the development at a very early stage, which, when combined with the simple screening methods assessing the risk of autism, may be of key importance for timely diagnosis and initiation of adequate forms of therapy. Keywords: breastfeeding and risk of autism, autism spectrum, early symptoms of autism
{"title":"Breastfeeding problems in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in mothers’ opinion","authors":"Katarzyna Makarewicz, Agnieszka Nowacka","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The paper presents the analysis of lactation process in the early childhood in children diagnosed with autism spectrum. A structured, detailed interview of mothers and an original survey containing questions concerning lactation and nutrition in the neonatal and infant periods were carried out. Mothers of children with a subsequent autism diagnosis were also asked about worrying symptoms that occurred while breastfeeding. Material and methods: The sample material was obtained from mothers with several children whereas the child diagnosed with autism was in most cases the second one and had healthy siblings. Most surveyed mothers fed children in a natural way at the same time having lactation and nutrition problems in newborns and infants. The paper also presents developmental difficulties at a very early stage reported by mothers in spite of the fact that the full diagnosis of developmental disorders was made at the age of 4 on average. Results: Non-neurotypical symptoms observed by mothers cover the whole range of sometimes very subtle manifestations – from encephalitic scream, sleep disorders, breastfeeding problems, atypical responses, lack of emotional reciprocity to the disorders of sensory processing as well as motor and neurological problems. Conclusions: The study draws attention to the issue of integral child’s development in the neonatal and infant period, the significance of discreet irregularities in the development at a very early stage, which, when combined with the simple screening methods assessing the risk of autism, may be of key importance for timely diagnosis and initiation of adequate forms of therapy. Keywords: breastfeeding and risk of autism, autism spectrum, early symptoms of autism","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0015
Jacek Januszewski, Alicja Forma, K. Karakuła, R. Sitarz, J. Baj, Karolina Kłodnicka, Julita Zembala, D. Juchnowicz
Introduction: Vitamin D has a major positive impact on human health. Its daily supplementation regulates calcium metabolism, inflammatory and neuromodulatory processes. More importantly, vitamin D may be an important factor in reducing the risk of suicide among psychiatric patients. This review aims to describe the potential positive effect of vitamin D supplementation in preventing suicide attempts. Method: The literature review was conducted by search of articles in English and Polish languages on PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, published from 1974 to the 1st of April 2023, following SANRA requirements. The search utilized the following keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation, suicide, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, anxiety, and autism. The analysis encompassed original studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and review articles. Results: There is a limited number of studies investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on suicide risk in individuals with mental illness. Several studies suggest that vitamin D may have a beneficial effect on symptoms of mental illnesses. However, the exact mechanism through which vitamin D exerts its therapeutic effects on mental health remains unclear. Incorporating vitamin D into the treatment of the mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, ADHS, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety, as well as supplementing it during pregnancy and throughout life, could potentially be an effective therapeutic adjunct for suicide prevention approach. Conclusions: According to all the research and gathered data, there is a correlation between Vitamin D supplementation and a decrease in suicide risk among patients suffering from mental disorders. Several lines of evidence have shown a positive impact on mental health in patients suffering from mental diseases. However, further research is needed to establish the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of Vitamin D. Keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation, suicide, psychiatric disorders
{"title":"Vitamin D - a key to reducing the risk of suicide?","authors":"Jacek Januszewski, Alicja Forma, K. Karakuła, R. Sitarz, J. Baj, Karolina Kłodnicka, Julita Zembala, D. Juchnowicz","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vitamin D has a major positive impact on human health. Its daily supplementation regulates calcium metabolism, inflammatory and neuromodulatory processes. More importantly, vitamin D may be an important factor in reducing the risk of suicide among psychiatric patients. This review aims to describe the potential positive effect of vitamin D supplementation in preventing suicide attempts.\u0000Method: The literature review was conducted by search of articles in English and Polish languages on PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, published from 1974 to the 1st of April 2023, following SANRA requirements. The search utilized the following keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation, suicide, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, anxiety, and autism. The analysis encompassed original studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and review articles.\u0000Results: There is a limited number of studies investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on suicide risk in individuals with mental illness. Several studies suggest that vitamin D may have a beneficial effect on symptoms of mental illnesses. However, the exact mechanism through which vitamin D exerts its therapeutic effects on mental health remains unclear. Incorporating vitamin D into the treatment of the mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, ADHS, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety, as well as supplementing it during pregnancy and throughout life, could potentially be an effective therapeutic adjunct for suicide prevention approach.\u0000Conclusions: According to all the research and gathered data, there is a correlation between Vitamin D supplementation and a decrease in suicide risk among patients suffering from mental disorders. Several lines of evidence have shown a positive impact on mental health in patients suffering from mental diseases. However, further research is needed to establish the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of Vitamin D.\u0000\u0000Keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation, suicide, psychiatric disorders","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74686418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0014
K. Tomaszek, Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman
Aim: Youth who are engaging themselves in overeating behaviours are at risk of numerous adverse outcomes. Overeating may be also considered as an early warning sign of additional psychological issues, e.g. poor well-being, depression and suicide ideation. Although a vast body of literature has examined pandemic Covid-19 related stressors as potential risk factors for eating problems, no studies have explored e-learning stress and burnout as a characteristic that may contribute to overeating among adolescents during this global crisis. The main goal of this study was to test the mediation effect of social resources on the associations between e-school stress and burnout, adolescents’ psychological well-being and overeating. Method: Path analysis was conducted on the results of the E-Learning Burnout Scale, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Short Social Resource scale, and one-item scales for Overeating behaviours and Online School Stress. Cross-sectional data were collected via Google forms from 186 students (M=15.93 years; SD=1.70; 60% girls). Results: Social resources and e-learning burnout had a significant direct effect on overeating behaviours frequency. The significant indirect effect of psychological well-being via social resources on overeating behaviours was confirmed, however the indirect effect of e-learning burnout was insignificant. Student stress had a significant indirect effect on overeating behaviours via e-learning burnout, and via social resources. Conclusions: E-learning stress and burnout during the Covid-19 pandemic are directly related to the reduction of the individuals’ resources used to effectively cope with negative emotions and distress in everyday life, which, in turn, may heighten the risk of engaging in overeating behaviours. Keywords: overeating behaviours, online student burnout, social resources, adolescence
{"title":"Youth relationships during the pandemic Covid-19 matter. A mediating role of social resources on e-learning burnout, well-being, and overeating behaviors","authors":"K. Tomaszek, Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman","doi":"10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Youth who are engaging themselves in overeating behaviours are at risk of numerous adverse outcomes. Overeating may be also considered as an early warning sign of additional psychological issues, e.g. poor well-being, depression and suicide ideation. Although a vast body of literature has examined pandemic Covid-19 related stressors as potential risk factors for eating problems, no studies have explored e-learning stress and burnout as a characteristic that may contribute to overeating among adolescents during this global crisis. The main goal of this study was to test the mediation effect of social resources on the associations between e-school stress and burnout, adolescents’ psychological well-being and overeating.\u0000Method: Path analysis was conducted on the results of the E-Learning Burnout Scale, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Short Social Resource scale, and one-item scales for Overeating behaviours and Online School Stress. Cross-sectional data were collected via Google forms from 186 students (M=15.93 years; SD=1.70; 60% girls).\u0000Results: Social resources and e-learning burnout had a significant direct effect on overeating behaviours frequency. The significant indirect effect of psychological well-being via social resources on overeating behaviours was confirmed, however the indirect effect of e-learning burnout was insignificant. Student stress had a significant indirect effect on overeating behaviours via e-learning burnout, and via social resources.\u0000Conclusions: E-learning stress and burnout during the Covid-19 pandemic are directly related to the reduction of the individuals’ resources used to effectively cope with negative emotions and distress in everyday life, which, in turn, may heighten the risk of engaging in overeating behaviours.\u0000\u0000Keywords: overeating behaviours, online student burnout, social resources, adolescence","PeriodicalId":56342,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems of Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74297470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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