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Application of artificial intelligence tools in diagnosis and treatmentof mental disorders 人工智能工具在精神障碍诊断和治疗中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0001
Klaudia Kister, Jakub Laskowski, A. Makarewicz, Jakub Tarkowski
Introduction: Artificial intelligence research is increasing its application in mental health services. Machine learning, deep learning, semantic analysis in the form of transcriptions of patients' statements enable early diagnosis of psychotic disorders, ADHD, anorexia nervosa. Of great importance are the so-called digital therapists. This paper aims to show the use of AI tools in diagnosing, treating, the benefits and limitations associated with mental disorders. Material and methodS: This literature review was conducted by searching scientific articles from 2015 to 2022. The basis were PubMED, OpenKnowledge, Web of Science, using the following keywords: artificial intelligence, digital therapy, psychiatry, machine learning. Results: A review indicates the widespread use of AI tools in screening for mental disorders. These tools advance the clinical diagnosis medical specialists make up for several years. They impact solving medical staff shortages, lack of access to medical facilities and leveling patient resistance to treatment. The benefits are ultra-fast analysis of large sets of information, effective screening of people in need of specialized psychiatric care, reduction of doctors' duties and maximization of their work efficiency. During the current COVID 19 pandemic, robots in the form of digital psychotherapists are playing a special role. Conclusions: The need for further research, testing and clarification of regulations related to the use of AI tools is indicated. Ethical and social problems need to be resolved. The tools should not form the basis of autonomous therapy without the supervision of highly trained professionals. Human beings should be at the center of analysis just as their health and well-being. Keywords: artificial intelligence, digital therapy, psychiatry, machine learning
人工智能研究在心理健康服务中的应用越来越广泛。机器学习,深度学习,以患者陈述的转录形式进行语义分析,可以早期诊断精神障碍,多动症,神经性厌食症。非常重要的是所谓的数字治疗师。本文旨在展示人工智能工具在精神障碍的诊断、治疗、益处和局限性方面的应用。材料与方法:检索2015 - 2022年的科学文献进行文献综述。以PubMED, OpenKnowledge, Web of Science为基础,使用以下关键词:人工智能,数字治疗,精神病学,机器学习。结果:一项综述表明人工智能工具在精神障碍筛查中的广泛应用。这些工具推进临床诊断医学专家弥补了几年。它们影响解决医务人员短缺、无法使用医疗设施和消除患者对治疗的抗拒。其好处是对大量信息的超快速分析,对需要专业精神护理的人进行有效筛选,减少医生的职责,最大限度地提高他们的工作效率。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,以数字心理治疗师的形式出现的机器人正在发挥特殊作用。结论:需要进一步研究、测试和澄清与使用人工智能工具相关的法规。伦理和社会问题需要解决。如果没有训练有素的专业人员的监督,这些工具不应该成为自主治疗的基础。人类应该是分析的中心,就像他们的健康和幸福一样。关键词:人工智能,数字治疗,精神病学,机器学习
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引用次数: 0
Greater knowledge about COVID-19, more negative emotions. Research in adult Poles after 2nd and 5th waves of the pandemic 对COVID-19的了解越多,负面情绪就越多。在第二波和第五波大流行后对成年波兰人的研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0002
E. Szepietowska, Sara Filipiak
Introduction: The study investigated the dynamics of cognitive and emotional representation of COVID-19 in adult Poles, following the second (2021) and the fifth (2022) wave of the pandemic.Material and methods: The study involved a total of 303 subjects (N = 198 in Survey 1 in 2021, and N = 105 in Survey 2 in 2022). The following measures were used: a questionnaire covering demographic data and general opinions about COVID-19 as well as the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R).Results: After the fifth wave, significantly more respondents were convinced that COVID-19 was a real and dangerous disease. Cognitive deficits were more commonly recognised among symptoms of the viremia. Vaccination against COVID-19 was recognised as an essential preventive measure. Both surveys showed that COVID-19 representation was characterised by negative emotions and low sense of illness coherence. However, there was increased belief that the disease can be controlled through medical interventions. The age of the respondents in Survey 1 and Survey 2 was differently related to beliefs about COVID-19.Conclusions:1. After 2.5 years of the pandemic, the awareness of Poles about the causes, symptoms and methods of preventing the disease has increased.2. Failure to vaccinate against COVID-19 has been identified as a significant cause of viremia.3. Negative emotions and a sense of serious consequences were predominant in both Surveys, but after the fifth wave of the pandemic the scores reflect increased perception of the chronic nature of the disease and belief that the illness can be treated with medication, whereas the sense of personal control was found to decrease.4. After the fifth wave of the pandemic, older age corresponded to increased belief in the relevance of some preventive measures, and to greater awareness of the viral origin, increased belief in the feasibility of controlling the disease through one's behaviours and a greater sense of illness coherence.5. The intensification of negative emotions related to the pandemic can be treated as a predictor of the increase in adjustment disorders and risk of mental health deterioration among adult Poles in the following years.Keywords: cognitive and emotional representation of illness, COVID-19 pandemic, Polish adults
本研究调查了波兰人在第二波(2021年)和第五波(2022年)大流行之后对COVID-19的认知和情感表征动态。材料与方法:本研究共涉及303名受试者(2021年调查1中N = 198人,2022年调查2中N = 105人)。采用了以下措施:包括人口统计数据和关于COVID-19的一般意见的调查问卷以及修订的疾病感知问卷(IPQ-R)。结果:在第五次浪潮之后,更多的受访者相信COVID-19是一种真实且危险的疾病。认知缺陷在病毒血症的症状中更为常见。针对COVID-19的疫苗接种被认为是一项必要的预防措施。两项调查都显示,COVID-19的表征特征是负面情绪和低疾病一致性。然而,人们越来越相信这种疾病可以通过医疗干预加以控制。调查1和调查2中受访者的年龄与对covid -19的信念的相关性不同。2.在这一流行病爆发2.5年后,波兰人对这一疾病的起因、症状和预防方法的认识有所提高。未接种COVID-19疫苗已被确定为病毒血症的一个重要原因。在两次调查中,消极情绪和严重后果感占主导地位,但在第五波大流行之后,得分反映出人们对这种疾病的慢性性质的认识有所增加,并相信这种疾病可以用药物治疗,而个人控制感则有所下降。在第五波大流行之后,年龄越大,就越相信某些预防措施的相关性,越了解病毒的来源,越相信通过自己的行为控制疾病的可行性,越有疾病的连贯性。与大流行有关的消极情绪的加剧可被视为波兰人在今后几年中适应障碍和精神健康恶化风险增加的预测因素。关键词:疾病认知和情感表征;COVID-19大流行;波兰成年人
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引用次数: 0
Self-mutilation in people with psychiatric diagnosis - literature review 精神病患者的自残——文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0004
Ewelina Drzał, Agnieszka Banaszek, Paweł Stanicki, Z. Wingralek
Introduction: Self-mutilation is of an auto-aggressive nature. They take many forms. Usually they do not occur as an isolated phenomenon. Self-injuring persons often have a diagnosed mental disorder, and a psychiatric diagnosis is one of the risk factors for the occurrence of self-harm. Material and method: In this study, articles were analyzed that contained information on the occurrence of various mental disorders. These articles searched for information on the occurrence of self-mutilation, its type, origin and causes.  Discussion: Self-mutilation is common in patients with a psychiatric diagnosis. The frequency of such behaviors can range from 33% to 50% in people with autism, up to 22%, and even 49% in people diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Acts of selfharm may affect 50-78% of people diagnosed with border-line personality disorder. In adolescents with eating disorders, 41% of patients report self-harm. In the group of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder, it may be as high as 77.3%. People with depression are also a large self-injuring group. It is reported that it may be up to 71.2% of patients with unipolar disorder. Conclusions: Self-mutilation is a phenomenon that is more and more topical and common not only in the adolescent population. This is a multi-factorial issue. One of the risk factors are mental disorders. Self-mutineers choose various methods, and this choice depends, among others, on from recognition. The size of the phenomenon and its evolution make it necessary to study it in order to increase the level of knowledge, update information and, consequently, the ability to help people at risk of NSSI.  Keywords: self-mutilation, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, personality disorders
自残是一种自我攻击的本质。它们有多种形式。通常它们不会作为孤立的现象发生。自残者通常被诊断为精神障碍,精神病学诊断是自残发生的危险因素之一。材料和方法:在本研究中,对包含各种精神障碍发生信息的文章进行分析。这些文章搜集了关于自残的发生、类型、起源和原因的资料。讨论:自残在精神病患者中很常见。在自闭症患者中,这种行为的频率从33%到50%不等,在被诊断为精神障碍的患者中,这一比例高达22%,甚至达到49%。自残行为可能影响50-78%被诊断为边缘型人格障碍的人。在患有饮食失调的青少年中,41%的患者报告有自残行为。在被诊断为双相情感障碍的人群中,这一比例可能高达77.3%。抑郁症患者也是一个很大的自残群体。据报道,可能高达71.2%的患者患有单相情感障碍。结论:自残是一种越来越普遍的现象,不仅在青少年人群中。这是一个多因素的问题。其中一个风险因素是精神障碍。自我叛逆者会选择各种各样的方法,而这种选择,除其他外,取决于是否得到认可。这种现象的规模及其演变使得有必要对其进行研究,以提高知识水平,更新信息,从而帮助有自伤风险的人。关键词:自残,自闭症谱系障碍,精神分裂症,躁郁症,人格障碍
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引用次数: 0
How do students cope with stress during remote learning due to COVID-19 pandemic? Biological and psychological factors-protocol of the study 由于COVID-19大流行,学生在远程学习期间如何应对压力?生物和心理因素-研究方案
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0024
Agnieszka Paulina Brzezińska, Weronika Perczyńska, Justyna Nowaczek, M. Maciejczyk, K. Nowak, J. Rog
Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the mental health of the Polish population. Students are the group with a high risk of developing mood disorders. The scientific data suggest the usefulness of biological substances as potential biomarkers of psychiatric disorders. Saliva is non-invasive, quick to obtain material and a promising fluid for measuring stress and depression severity. In this paper, we present the protocol of our study, which aims to assess the utility of concentrations of biological fluids as potential biomarkers of the stress response and risk of developing depression and anxiety disorders among students of Lublin. Materials and methods: Total number of 80 students were included in the study. Participants were asked to collect saliva samples simultaneously with responding to the questionnaires concerning their mental state. Afterwards, the samples were examined with an ELISA test to assess the level of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA). The relationship between biomarkers and severity of stress, depression, anxiety will be examined. Results: Cortisol on its own is not a good material to investigate the stress reaction in saliva due to its variable levels among people during stressful situations. Scientific data indicate the usefulness of other biomarkers or their combination to indicate the potential risk of developing depression and/or anxiety. Conclusions: Introducing objective tests, helpful for mood symptoms recognition, would improve the prevention and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in vulnerable populations.
摘要简介:新冠肺炎疫情对波兰民众的心理健康产生了负面影响。学生是患情绪障碍的高风险群体。科学数据表明,生物物质作为精神疾病的潜在生物标志物是有用的。唾液是一种无创的、快速获取的物质,是一种很有前途的测量压力和抑郁严重程度的液体。在本文中,我们提出了我们的研究方案,其目的是评估生物液体浓度作为卢布林学生压力反应和发展为抑郁症和焦虑症风险的潜在生物标志物的效用。材料与方法:共纳入80名学生。参与者被要求在回答有关他们精神状态的问卷的同时收集唾液样本。然后,用ELISA检测样品,以评估成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-2)、皮质醇和嗜铬粒蛋白A (CgA)的水平。生物标志物与压力、抑郁、焦虑的严重程度之间的关系将被检查。结果:皮质醇本身并不是研究唾液中应激反应的好材料,因为在压力情况下,人们的皮质醇水平是不同的。科学数据表明,其他生物标记物或它们的组合在指示患抑郁症和/或焦虑症的潜在风险方面是有用的。结论:引入客观测试有助于情绪症状的识别,有助于改善弱势群体精神障碍的预防和诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Academic burnout, self-esteem, coping with stress and gratitude among Polish medical students – a cross sectional study 波兰医科学生的学业倦怠、自尊、应对压力和感恩——一项横断面研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0023
Sylwiusz Niedobylski, Kacper Michta, Konrad Wachoł, Karolina Niedziałek, Urszula Łopuszańska, M. Samardakiewicz, Michał Próchnicki
Abstract Introduction: Academic burnout is emerging as an essential obstacle in education process. Students of the most challenging fields of study with high degrees of stress are thought to be at the highest risk. Medical studies are considered one of them. The aim of the study was to measure the levels of academic burnout, stress and gratitude among Polish medical students of Medical University of Lublin, and determine their styles of coping with stress. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire comprised of the following: Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), a Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and a Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item form (GQ-6). The data was obtained from 773 medical students. Results: Total number of 169 students (21.86%) met criteria for academic burnout. When it comes to 354 participants, they displayed signs of low self-esteem (45.8%). The number of 18 students showed low level of gratitude, while gratitude level of the majority of them – 496 (64.17%) was high. The most common style of coping with stress was emotions-oriented style – 354 students (48.29%), followed by task-oriented style – 345 students (47.07%). Burnout subscales turned out to be associated with age, year of study, self-esteem, gratitude and different styles of coping with stress to the various extent. Conclusions: The prevalence of academic burnout among Polish medical students is high compared with general population across various occupations. Utilisation of protective characteristics of high self-esteem, gratitude and healthy coping methods can result in development of efficient anti-burnout prevention strategies and intervention tools.
摘要导读:学业倦怠已成为教育过程中的一个重要障碍。在最具挑战性、压力大的学习领域学习的学生被认为面临的风险最高。医学研究被认为是其中之一。本研究的目的是测量卢布林医科大学波兰医科学生的学业倦怠、压力和感恩水平,并确定他们应对压力的方式。材料与方法:采用一份由Maslach学生倦怠量表(MBI-SS)、Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)、压力情境应对量表(CISS)和感恩问卷六题表(GQ-6)组成的问卷进行横断面研究。这些数据来自773名医科学生。结果:有169名学生达到学业倦怠标准,占21.86%。在354名参与者中,他们表现出自卑的迹象(45.8%)。感恩水平低的学生有18人,感恩水平高的学生占多数,为496人(64.17%)。最常见的压力应对方式是情绪导向型(354人,占48.29%),其次是任务导向型(345人,占47.07%)。倦怠子量表与年龄、学习年限、自尊、感恩和不同的压力应对方式有不同程度的关联。结论:波兰医科学生的学业倦怠发生率高于不同职业的普通人群。利用高自尊、感恩和健康应对方法的保护特征可以开发有效的抗倦怠预防策略和干预工具。
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引用次数: 3
Alarmingly high prevalence and lack of gender differences in ADHD among high school students: Screening for ADHD with ASRS among adolescents and working adults 高中生ADHD的高患病率和缺乏性别差异:在青少年和工作成年人中筛查ADHD与ASRS
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0022
Aleksandra Buźniak, N. A. Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Aleksandra Bereznowska, P. Atroszko
Abstract Introduction: The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) among adolescents and adult working populations of different genders, the prevalence of ADHD, and its relationship to stress. Materials and methods: A sample of 723 professionally active people and 1744 high school students participated in the study. Part A of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to measure ADHD and the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) was used to measure stress. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original 6-item two-factor solution of ASRS Part A had a satisfactory fit and showed basic measurement invariance between age groups and genders. Inattention and hyperactivity were related mostly similarly to stress in all groups. The prevalence of ADHD among adolescents was much higher than in previous reports, and no gender differences were found. About every fifth high school student and every tenth adult showed a risk of ADHD. The potential cause of the difference in the prevalence in the studied groups can be generation change. Conclusions: ASRS is a well-functioning screening measure with good psychometric properties. It is a convenient option for large-scale epidemiological surveys necessary to understand potential generational changes in the prevalence of ADHD and the lack of gender differences among adolescents.
摘要简介:目的是研究波兰版成人ADHD自我报告量表(ASRS)在不同性别的青少年和成年工作人群中的心理测量特征、ADHD的患病率及其与压力的关系。材料与方法:选取723名职业活跃人士和1744名高中生参与研究。采用成人注意力缺陷多动障碍自我报告量表(ASRS) A部分测量注意力缺陷多动障碍,采用4项感知压力量表(PSS-4)测量压力。结果:验证性因子分析显示,原ASRS Part A的6项双因子解具有满意的拟合性,在不同年龄组和性别之间具有基本的测量不变性。在所有组中,注意力不集中和多动与压力的关系最为相似。青少年中ADHD的患病率比以前的报告高得多,而且没有发现性别差异。大约五分之一的高中生和十分之一的成年人有患多动症的风险。研究群体中患病率差异的潜在原因可能是代际变化。结论:ASRS是一种功能良好的筛选方法,具有良好的心理测量特性。这是一种方便的大规模流行病学调查的选择,需要了解ADHD患病率的潜在代际变化和青少年中缺乏性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Should patients with Parkinson’s disease only visit a neurologist’s office? - a narrative review of neuropsychiatric disorders among people with Parkinson’s disease 帕金森氏症患者应该只去神经科医生的办公室吗?-帕金森氏症患者神经精神障碍的叙述性回顾
Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0021
Julita Szarpak, Paulina Drożak, M. Piwonski, Hubert Wróblewski, J. Morylowska-Topolska
Abstract Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is often accompanied by disorders such as depression, psychotic disorders, cognitive disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, impulse control disorders. The aim of the study was to review the literature and present the characteristics of neuropsychiatric disorders occurring in people suffering from Parkinson’s disease, with the specification of the above-mentioned disorders. Material and method: The literature available on the PubMed platform from 1986 to 2022 was reviewed using the following keywords: Parkinson’s disease, depression, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, cognitive disorders, impulse control disorders. Original studies, reviews, meta-analyzes and internet sources were analyzed. Results: The above-mentioned neuropsychiatric disorders appear with different frequency among people suffering from Parkinson’s disease and occur at different times of its duration or even precede its onset for many years. The non-motor symptoms in the form of depressed mood, energy loss or changes in the rhythm of the day may result in a delay of appropriate therapy and thus in complications. Neuropathological changes in the course of Parkinson’s disease as well as dopaminergic drugs used in its therapy influence the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Conclusions: In order to avoid misdiagnosis, practitioners should use, e.g. scales intended for patients with Parkinson’s disease. To prevent the consequences of the aforementioned disease entities, methods of early diagnosis, determination of risk factors and standardization of the treatment process must be determined. Consistent care for patients with Parkinson’s disease is significant, not only in the neurological field, but also in the psychiatric one.
摘要简介:帕金森病是一种神经退行性疾病,常伴有抑郁症、精神障碍、认知障碍、焦虑症、睡眠障碍、冲动控制障碍等障碍。本研究的目的是回顾文献,介绍帕金森病患者发生的神经精神障碍的特征,并详细说明上述疾病。材料与方法:检索PubMed平台1986 - 2022年的相关文献,检索关键词:帕金森病、抑郁症、焦虑症、精神障碍、睡眠障碍、认知障碍、冲动控制障碍。对原始研究、综述、元分析和互联网资源进行了分析。结果:上述神经精神障碍在帕金森病患者中出现的频率不同,发生在病程的不同时间,甚至早于帕金森病发病多年。非运动症状表现为情绪低落、能量丧失或日常节奏改变,可能导致适当治疗的延迟,从而导致并发症。帕金森病过程中的神经病理改变及其治疗中使用的多巴胺能药物影响神经精神疾病的发展。结论:为避免误诊,从业人员应使用帕金森病患者专用的量表。为了防止上述疾病实体的后果,必须确定早期诊断、确定危险因素和标准化治疗过程的方法。对帕金森病患者的持续护理不仅在神经学领域,而且在精神病学领域都具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
A typology of adolescent online gamers. Part I 青少年网络游戏玩家的类型。第一部分
Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0019
B. Pawłowska, E. Potembska
Abstract Introduction: For several years now, there has been an increased interest on the part of psychiatrists, pediatricians, psychologists, specialists in education, and sociologists in the issue of so-called behavioral addictions, which include Internet addiction and computer gaming addiction. The aim of this study was to draw a typology of Internet gamers. Material and methods: The examined group and method: The study involved 576 individuals aged 16 to 19 years. The participants were surveyed using an Inquiry Form and the Online Gaming Addiction Questionnaire designed by the present authors. Results: The participants of this study were divided into four types of online gamers: gamers who scored the highest on the KBUGI scales and items corresponding to the DSM-5 criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder (Type 1); gamers who mostly played violent online games in which the player kills his enemies, destroys things, breaks traffic rules, and experiences power and new sensations (Type 2); individuals who played mainly to eliminate the feeling of boredom, enhance their mood and experience pleasure, new sensations and rivalry (Type 3); and people who only played occasionally and were not at risk of Internet gaming addiction (Type 4). Conclusions: The four groups included gamers severely addicted to gaming; gamers who played violent games to satisfy their need for aggression (moderate Internet gaming addiction); gamers who played mainly to eliminate boredom and seek new stimuli (mild Internet gaming addiction); and non-addicted gamers.
近年来,精神科医生、儿科医生、心理学家、教育专家和社会学家对所谓的行为成瘾问题越来越感兴趣,其中包括网络成瘾和电脑游戏成瘾。本研究的目的是绘制网络游戏玩家的类型。材料和方法:研究对象和方法:研究涉及576名16至19岁的人。采用笔者设计的《网络游戏成瘾问卷》和《网络游戏成瘾问卷》进行调查。结果:本研究的参与者被分为四种类型的网络游戏玩家:在KBUGI量表和符合DSM-5网络游戏障碍(类型1)标准的项目上得分最高的游戏玩家;主要玩暴力网络游戏的玩家,在这些游戏中,玩家杀死敌人,破坏东西,违反交通规则,体验权力和新的感觉(类型2);玩游戏主要是为了消除无聊感,增强情绪,体验快乐、新感觉和竞争(类型3);偶尔玩网络游戏但没有网络游戏成瘾风险的人(类型4)。结论:这四组包括严重游戏成瘾的玩家;玩暴力游戏以满足攻击性需求的玩家(中度网络游戏成瘾);主要为了消除无聊和寻求新刺激而玩游戏的玩家(轻度网络游戏成瘾);以及不上瘾的玩家。
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引用次数: 0
Personality traits in adolescents with the Internet Gaming Disorder. Part II 青少年网络游戏障碍的人格特征。第二部分
Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0020
B. Pawłowska, E. Potembska
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to characterize types of gamers in terms of selected personality traits. Material and methods: The study involved 576 individuals aged 16 to 19 years. The participants were surveyed using Gough and Heilbrun’s ACL, the Coping with Stress Questionnaire, and the Psychological Inventory of the Aggression Syndrome. Results: The four types of online gamers identified in the first part of the study reported in this paper differed significantly in the following personality characteristics: self-image, coping styles and aggression types. Conclusions: 1. Individuals severely addicted to Internet gaming, significantly more often than those addicted moderately, mildly or not addicted at all, used escapist and emotional coping strategies and responded with auto-aggression, and physical and displaced aggression. Compared to the respondents not addicted to online gaming, they had a more negative self-esteem and were characterized by greater impulsivity, hostility, and were less responsible and autonomous. 2. Adolescents moderately addicted to gaming, compared to their non-addicted peers, were characterized by greater hostility, impulsivity, proneness to conflict, tendency to humiliate others, and verbal, physical and indirect aggression. 3. Young people with mild online gaming addiction, significantly more often than non-addicted adolescents, used psychoactive drugs, showed self-aggressive behavior and responded with displaced aggression in situations of stress.
摘要:本研究的目的是根据选定的人格特征来描述游戏玩家的类型。材料和方法:该研究涉及576名年龄在16至19岁之间的人。采用Gough和Heilbrun的ACL、应对压力问卷和攻击综合征心理量表对参与者进行了调查。结果:本文第一部分所确定的四种类型的网络游戏玩家在自我形象、应对方式和攻击类型的人格特征上存在显著差异。结论:1。严重网络游戏成瘾者比中度、轻度或完全不成瘾者更常使用逃避和情绪应对策略,并以自我攻击、身体攻击和转移攻击作为回应。与不沉迷网络游戏的受访者相比,他们的自尊心更消极,冲动、敌意更强,责任心和自主性更弱。2. 中度游戏成瘾的青少年,与不上瘾的同龄人相比,表现出更强的敌意、冲动、冲突倾向、羞辱他人的倾向,以及言语、身体和间接攻击。3.有轻度网络游戏成瘾的年轻人,明显比没有上瘾的青少年更常使用精神药物,表现出自我攻击行为,并在压力情况下以转移性攻击作为回应。
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引用次数: 0
Construction and characteristic of the media exhibitionism construct and the Media Exhibitionism Questionnaire 媒介暴露主义建构与媒介暴露主义问卷的建构与特征
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0017
Magdalena Cyrklaff-Gorczyca
Abstract Introduction: Internet users often reveal online intimate details from their lives, such as pictures with naked parts of their bodies or posts about their emotional states. The first part of the article presents an attempt to create media exhibitionism construct based on psychopathological criteria from ICD-10. The second part of the article presents psychometric properties of the Media Exhibitionism Questionnaire. Material and methods: After extracting 49 items, based on the theoretical foundations of the media exhibitionism construct, the competent judges assessed the accuracy of individual items. This resulted in the selection of 20 statements. Then the revised questionnaire was sent to Facebook users asking them to fill it out and send it to other users of the portal. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out by the method of main components with Varimax rotation on N=65 persons, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on N=554 persons. Results: After EFA the questionnaire consisted of 14 items and 4 factors: physical exhibitionism, exhibitionism of narcissistic traits, emotional exhibitionism, exhibitionism of histrionic traits. The four-factor solution was adopted on the basis of theoretical assumptions. The chi2 value was significant (χ2=286.01; p<0.001), which indicated discrepancies between the observed covariance matrix and the one implied by the model. Other indicators have shown a satisfactory agreement between the data and the model. Conclusions: The questionnaire has satisfactory psychometric properties (α=0.846) and can be used to predict problem behaviours on social media, as well as in counselling regarding responsible development of self-image on the Internet.
摘要简介:互联网用户经常在网上透露自己生活中的私密细节,比如身体裸露部位的照片,或者关于自己情绪状态的帖子。文章的第一部分是基于ICD-10的精神病理标准构建媒介暴露主义的尝试。文章的第二部分介绍了媒体暴露癖问卷的心理测量特征。材料与方法:抽取49个题项后,根据媒介暴露主义建构的理论基础,由主管评委对个别题项的准确性进行评估。结果选出了20个陈述。然后将修改后的问卷发送给Facebook用户,让他们填写并发送给门户网站的其他用户。对N=65例患者采用Varimax旋转主成分法进行探索性因子分析(EFA),对N=554例患者进行验证性因子分析(CFA)。结果:经EFA后,问卷共包含14个题项和4个因素:身体表现、自恋表现、情感表现、戏剧表现。在理论假设的基础上,采用四因子解。ch2值差异有统计学意义(χ2=286.01;P <0.001),这表明观察到的协方差矩阵与模型隐含的协方差矩阵之间存在差异。其他指标显示数据和模型之间的一致性令人满意。结论:该问卷具有满意的心理测量属性(α=0.846),可用于预测社交媒体上的问题行为,并可用于网络自我形象负责任发展的咨询。
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Current Problems of Psychiatry
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