Journal of Northeast Agricultural UniversityEnglish Edition最新文献

Drought is a bottleneck for worldwide soybean production which is getting more serious as the climate continues to worsen. Dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) is a kind of transcription factor that regulates the expression of stress tolerance-related genes in response to drought, high salinity and cold stress in plant. Soybean with DREB gene possesses the drought resisting capability which is helpful to increase the yield. However, the potential risk of genetically modified plants (GMPs) on soil microbial community is still in debate. In order to understand the effects of transgenic DREB soybean on the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the diversity of nifH gene in pot experiments planted transgenic soybean and near-isogenic nontransgenic soybean under normal water condition and drought stress condition was analyzed by PCR-DGGE and sequence analysis. The results showed that transgenic soybean under normal water condition decrease the diversity of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the seeding stage and flowering stage, but had no notable effect in other stages. Under drought stress, transgenic soybean reduced the diversity of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the flowering stage, but had no notable effects on other stages. Phylogenic analysis revealed that g7, g13, g15 and g19 had a close relationship with Alphaproteobacteria, g12 had a close relationship with Azonexus, others were related to Betaproteobacteria and Burkholderia.

CDC25A, TSSK3 and P53 expressions in vitro in cultured sertoli cells after FSH treatment were studied in order to provide some data for further researches of spermatogenesis. Different concentrations of FSH (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 IU. mL^-1) were used to treat sertoli cells cultured in vitro. The expression of CDC25A, TSSK3 and P53 was determined by real-time-PCR at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after FSH treatment of sertoli cells. The results showed that FSH had no significant effect on expression of CDC25A (p>0.05), could significantly improve the expression of TSSK3 and P53 (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on expression of CDC25A in sertoli cells, but it could significantly improve the expression of TSSK3. CDC25A was likely to play a role in other signaling pathways in sertoli cells. Within the range of certain concentration of FSH, TSSK3 in sertoli cells had the highest expression at about 24 h. TSSK3 protein produced in sertoli cells was likely to play an important role in substrate-level phosphorylationbe in meiosis and mitosis of spermatogenic cells. FSH could promote P53 expression and the highest expression was at about 12 h, and P53 might control the division of spermatogenic cells as well as sertoli cells.

This study has been conducted in three districts of Punjab Province namely, Dera Ghazi Khan, RajanPur and Bahawalpur of Pakistan. The study showed the results of a survey of 300 farmers which was organized to assess awareness level of farmers regarding crop insurance, factors affecting the awareness level among farmers and the perception of farmers about crop insurance. Based on exploratory research work upon the responses of farmers, the average and standard deviation were calculated. Probit model was applied to explore the factors affecting the awareness level of farmers. SPSS was used for the analysis of the collected data. The results revealed that out of 300 farmers, 184 farmers were aware with crop insurance and rests of the 116 farmers were not aware. Banks and E-media were found to be the two most important sources of the awareness for the respondent farmers. In the study area, the climatic risks were reported as the most severe risks faced by the farmers. The results also revealed the existence of negative perceptions of the farmers about crop insurance i.e. farmers perceived crop insurance as a kind of tax and they believed premium was so high that it was out of range of poor farmers and only large scale farmers could afford it. Results obtained by applying Probit model revealed that “education” and “previously availed agricultural credit” were the two most important factors which affected the awareness of the farmers regarding crop insurance.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant causative agent of arthropod-borne encephalitis and what is less clear that the factors cause the virus wide spread. The objective was to confirm whether the homologous recombination imposed on JEV. The phylogenetic and homologous recombination analyses were performed based on 163 complete JEV genomes which were recently isolated. They were still separated into five genotypes (GI-GV) and the most of recently isolated JEVs were GI rather than GIII in Asian areas including mainland China. Two recombinant events were identified in JEV and the evidence of the recombination was observed between China and Japan isolates that partitioned into two distinct subclades, but still the same genotype (GIII). Our data further suggested that most of the nucleotides in JEV genome were under negative selection; however, changes within codon 2 316 (amino acid NS4b-44) showed an evidence of the positive selection.

In the distribution network system with its neutral point grounding via arc suppression coil, when single-phase grounding fault occurred near zero-crossing point of the phase voltage, the inaccuracy of the line selection always existed in existing methods. According to the characteristics that transient current was different between the fault feeder and other faultless feeders, wavelet transformation was performed on data of the transient current within a power frequency cycle after the fault occurred. Based on different fault angles, wavelet energy in corresponding frequency band was chosen to compare. The result was that wavelet energy in fault feeder was the largest of all, and it was larger than sum of those in other faultless feeders, when the bus broke down, the disparity between each wavelet energy was not significant. Fault line could be selected out by the criterion above. The results of MATLAB/simulink simulation experiment indicated that this method had anti-interference capacity and was feasible.

Environmental safety issues involved in transgenic plants have become the concern of researchers, practitioners and policy makers in recent years. Potential differences between Bt maize (ND1324 and ND2353 expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein) and near-isogenic non-Bt varieties (ND1392 and ND223) in their influence on the composite microbial system of MC1 during the fermentation process were studied during 2011-2012. Cry1Ab protein in Bt maize residues didn't affect characteristics of lignocellulose degradation by MC1, pH of fermentation broth decreasing at initial stage and increasing at later stage of degradation. The quality of various volatile products in fermentation broth showed that no significant difference of residues fermentation existed between Bt maize and non-Bt maize. During the fermentation MC1 efficiently degraded maize residues by 83%–88%, and cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content decreased by 70%–72%, 72%–75% and 30%–37%, respectively. Besides that, no consistent difference was found between Bt and non–Bt maize residues lignocellulose degradation by MC1 during the fermentation process. MC1 degraded 88%–89% Cry1Ab protein in Bt maize residues, and in the fermentation broth of MC1 and bacteria of MC1 Cry1Ab protein was not detected. DGGE profile analyses revealed that the microbial community drastically changed during 1–3 days and became stable until the 9th day. Though the dominant strains at different fermentation stages had significantly changed, no difference on the dominant strains was observed between Bt and non–Bt maize at different stages. Our study indicated that Cry1Ab protein did not influence the growth characteristic of MC1.

An excellent Lonicera edulis strain, L1-8 that was bred by Northeast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was used as material in this research. The axillary buds of its dormant branches were used as explants. A four-factor and four-level orthogonal test was designed in order to choose the best differentiation medium for providing the technical support of Lonicera edulis micropropagation. The results showed that the culture medium and concentration of 6-BA were the main factors, and the best differentiation condition was MS culture medium containing 2.0 mg · L⁻¹ 6-BA, 0.3 mg · L⁻¹ IBA and 1.5 mg · L⁻¹ GA₃.

Exogenous alanyl-glutamine (Aln-Gln) was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Six diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg⁻¹ of Aln-Gln were fed to fish for 12 weeks. Supplementation with 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg⁻¹ of Aln-Gln significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), but feed conservation rate (FCR) and survival were not affected (P>0.05). The intestinal fold height and number, digestive enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase activities was found to be significantly high (P<0.05) with increasing dietary Aln-Gln supplementation up to 7.5 g · kg⁻¹, but there were no significant differences for Aln-Gln supplementation from 7.5 to 15.0 g · kg⁻¹. The glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the intestine, hepatopancreas, plasma and muscles. The plasma complement-3 (C3) and complement-4 (C4) levels were significantly (P<0.05) improved at 5.0 g · kg⁻¹ level and decreased when over 7.5 g · kg⁻¹. The plasma lysozyme (LSZ) activity increased significantly (P<0.05) at 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg⁻¹ level. In summary, the results showed that Aln-Gln improved growth performance, development and function of the intestine, the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the plasma non-specific immunity of the carps. The optimal Aln-Gln level was 8.24 g · kg⁻¹ diet for WGR based on broken-line regression model analysis.

In order to improve the properties of rice straw fiber film, one factor contrast test method was employed. Plasticizer type was chosen as input variable, dry tension strength and elongation, wet tension strength and elongation, bursting strength and tearing strength were chosen as indexes. The results showed that there were significant differences among the means of dry tension strength, dry elongation and bursting strength of different plasticizers; there were not significant differences among the means of wet tension strength, wet elongation and tearing strength of different plasticizers; for dry tension strength and elongation, glycerol had a significant difference with sorbitol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between sorbitol and PEG, dry tension strength added glycerol had been reduced 6.8% compared with that added sorbitol, reduced 9.5% compared with that added PEG; elongation had been improved 6.1% and 9.4%, respectively; for bursting strength, sorbitol had a significant difference with glycerol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between glycerol and PEG; bursting strength added glycerol and added PEG had been improved 6.9% and 5.6%, respectively compared with that of the added sorbitol. The results provided a theoretical reference for further improving the straw fiber film manufacturing process.

We used microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic parameters of three different polyploidy populations of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from Honghu City, Hubei Province. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis banding patterns of diploid (2n), triploid (3n) and tetraploid loaches (4n) were analyzed with PopGen software. A total of 68 alleles were obtained from seven microsatellite loci and the polymorphism information content (PIC) indices were all above 0.5. The average expected mean heterozygosity values (He) were 0.8420, 0.7186 and 0.8521; the average observed mean heterozygosity values (Ho) were 0.9674, 0.9785 and 0.8928; and the Hardy-Weinberg P values were 0.3078, 0.3151 and 0.3762, for diploid, triploid and tetraploid individuals, respectively. The results indicated that the three populations were highly polymorphic, with no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium observed at all the seven microsatellite loci. This indicated a high level of genetic diversity within the populations. A cluster analysis diagram showed that the shortest genetic distance was between diploid and tetraploid loaches and they shared a close phylogenetic relationship. The triploid and tetraploid individuals had the most distant phylogenetic relationship.