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Theoretical Study on Spherical Composite Accelerating Cavity 球形复合材料加速腔的理论研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2022.144004
Xiufang Tian, Haiyan Meng, Cuihua Li, Hongyan Li
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引用次数: 0
Wireless Charger Design of Robot Vacuum Cleaners with Power Repeaters for High Compatibility 具有高兼容性电源中继器的机器人真空吸尘器无线充电器设计
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2022.145005
Anglin Li, D. Kacprzak, A. Hu
Curved coils constructed by flexible printed circuit board (PCB) or hand-wound Litz-wire have been steadily becoming popular due to its applicable potential on devices that have a curved body. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems based on curved coils and flexible ferrite sheets may provide more flexible charging solutions for various electronic devices such as rice cookers and robot vacuum cleaners. Power repeaters are also used in IPT systems to extend wireless charging range by guiding magnetic fields to the receiving coil. The interaction of these three topics could be inspiring. In this paper, two adjustable power repeaters are applied to an IPT charging system with various curved receiving coils designed for vacuum cleaners. Two power repeaters share the identical structure as the Tx coil and could be rotated to mirror symmetrically. The input and output power are calculated by analyzing the equivalent circuit model. The self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling coefficient of the proposed system are obtained via finite element method simulation with variable rotating angles. Three typical IPT designs have also been simulated in ANSYS Maxwell and compared with the proposed magnetic design. The comparison indicates the enhancing feature of the passive power repeaters on coupling performance and the ability to guide the magnetic flux for better magnetic field coupling. Furthermore, two types of co-simulations defined by the power source via Simplorer are conducted to explore how much power could be transferred. The tuned system is shown to be able to provide about 32 W under 100 kHz operating frequency for charging the battery of a robot vacuum cleaner. The results from theoretical calculation and simulation align well with each other.
由柔性印刷电路板(PCB)或手工缠绕的利兹线构成的弯曲线圈由于其在具有弯曲体的设备上的应用潜力而逐渐流行起来。基于弯曲线圈和柔性铁氧体片的感应功率传输(IPT)系统可以为各种电子设备(如电饭煲和机器人真空吸尘器)提供更灵活的充电解决方案。功率中继器也用于IPT系统中,通过将磁场引导到接收线圈来扩展无线充电范围。这三个主题的相互作用可能是鼓舞人心的。本文将两个可调功率中继器应用于真空吸尘器各种弯曲接收线圈的IPT充电系统。两个功率中继器与Tx线圈共享相同的结构,并且可以旋转成对称镜像。通过分析等效电路模型,计算输入输出功率。通过变转角有限元法仿真得到了系统的自感、互感和耦合系数。在ANSYS Maxwell中对三种典型的IPT设计进行了仿真,并与所提出的磁性设计进行了比较。对比结果表明,无源功率中继器在耦合性能和引导磁通量方面具有增强的特点,从而实现更好的磁场耦合。此外,通过simplover进行了电源定义的两种类型的联合仿真,以探索可以传输多少功率。经过调谐的系统能够在100千赫的工作频率下提供约32瓦的功率,为机器人真空吸尘器的电池充电。理论计算和仿真结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 0
Radiation Phenomenon Due to Streamers of Sprites 精灵飘带造成的辐射现象
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2022.143003
Meenu Singh, Pradosh Kumar Sharma, Parmanand Prakash Pathak
An upper atmospheric phenomenon i.e., sprites can be thought to be mainly caused by the propagation of positive corona streamers. This research pre-sents the formulation for the calculation of radiation power received from the propagating corona streamers responsible for the origination of the sprites. The produced magnetic field variation using the calculated electromagnetic radiation power is found to be similar with the previous observation-based research work.
一种高层大气现象,即精灵,可以认为主要是由正日冕飘带的传播引起的。本研究提出了一种计算电晕飘带的辐射功率的公式。利用计算得到的电磁辐射功率产生的磁场变化与以往基于观测的研究工作相似。
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引用次数: 1
Efficient BTCS + CTCS Finite Difference Scheme for General Linear Second Order PDE 一般线性二阶偏微分方程的高效BTCS + CTCS有限差分格式
Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2021.1310010
Gueye Serigne Bira, Mbow Cheikh, D. M. Fadel
This work deals with a second order linear general equation with partial derivatives for a two-variable function. It covers a wide range of applications. This equation is solved with a finite difference hybrid method: BTCS + CTCS. This scheme is simple, precise, and economical in terms of time and space occupancy in memory.
本文研究了一个二阶二元函数的偏导数线性一般方程。它涵盖了广泛的应用。该方程采用有限差分混合方法求解:BTCS+CTCS。该方案在存储器中的时间和空间占用方面是简单、精确和经济的。
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引用次数: 0
A Qualitative Analysis of the Diameter of Long Positive Jet Streamer above Thundercloud in Uniform Atmosphere 均匀大气中雷暴云上方长正喷流直径的定性分析
Pub Date : 2021-09-18 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2021.139009
Avnish Kumar, P. P. Pathak
A qualitative analysis of the diameter of the spherical head of a long positive Jet streamer above thundercloud is presented in this paper under uniform atmospheric condition for streamers of less than 7 km length. In this study, an attempt is made to replicate laboratory-based point electrode discharge model for jet streamers originating above the thunderclouds. In laboratory conditions, it is not possible to produce huge electrode potentials which could be the reason that the streamers generated under the controlled lab environment have diameter of the order of only a few centimeter and length of a few millimeter. On the other hand, the thunderclouds carry huge electrical charges, for example 50 C, which can produce huge electrical potentials of the order of several hundred MeV. Such huge potential can act as the potential of a point electrode which may be capable of producing very large and thicker streamers above the thunderclouds. So, a leader mechanism of streamer initiation is assumed in calculations as the tip of conducting leader channel can act as point electrode carrying huge cloud potential to generate large streamers. It is found in this study that as the streamer moves larger distance away from the electrode (leader tip), the diameter of the streamer head decreases. Higher the potential of the electrode (leader tip), thicker is the streamer and more slowly the diameter decreases. Also, it is also found in our calculations that for higher electrode (leader tip) potential lower is the altitude of initiation of streamers.
本文定性地分析了雷云上空长度小于7 km的长正射流流线在均匀大气条件下的球头直径。在这项研究中,试图复制基于实验室的点电极放电模型,用于雷雨云上方的射流流线。在实验室条件下,不可能产生巨大的电极电位,这可能是在受控的实验室环境下产生的流光的直径只有几厘米,长度只有几毫米的原因。另一方面,雷雨云携带着巨大的电荷,例如50摄氏度,这可以产生几百兆电子伏的巨大电势。如此巨大的电势可以作为点电极的电势,它可能能够在雷雨云上方产生非常大而厚的流光。因此,在计算中假设了一种导流起始的先导机制,即导流通道的尖端可以作为携带巨大云势的点电极产生较大的导流。本研究发现,随着流线离电极(导联尖端)的距离增大,流线头的直径减小。电极电位越高,流线越厚,直径减小越慢。此外,在我们的计算中也发现,对于较高的电极(引线尖端)电位,较低的流线起始高度。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Water Content of Eucalyptus Leaves Using 2.4 GHz Radio Wave 2.4GHz无线电波预测桉树叶片含水量
Pub Date : 2021-08-27 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2021.138008
S. Peden, Ronald C. Bradbury, D. Lamb, M. Hedley
Assessing plant water status is important for monitoring plant physiology. Previous studies showed that radio waves are attenuated when passing through vegetation such as trees. The degree of radio frequency (RF) loss has previously been measured for various tree types but the relationship between water content and RF loss has not been quantified. In this study, the amount of water inside leaves was expressed as an effective water path (EWP), the thickness of a hypothetical sheet of 100% water with the same mass. A 2.4331 GHz radio wave was transmitted through a wooden frame covered on both sides with 5 mm clear acrylic sheets and filled with Eucalyptus laevopinea leaves. The RF loss through the leaves was measured for different stages of drying. The results showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between effective water path (EWP) in mm and RF loss in dB. It can be concluded that 2.4 GHz frequency radio waves can be used to predict the water content inside eucalyptus leaves (0 < EWP < 14 mm; RMSE ± 0.87 mm) and demonstrates the potential to measure the water content of whole trees.
评估植物水分状况对于监测植物生理学非常重要。先前的研究表明,无线电波在穿过树木等植被时会衰减。先前已经测量了各种树木类型的射频(RF)损失程度,但水分含量和RF损失之间的关系尚未量化。在这项研究中,叶片内部的水量被表示为有效水路径(EWP),即相同质量的100%水的假设薄片的厚度。2.4331 GHz的无线电波通过两侧覆盖有5 mm透明丙烯酸薄片的木框架传输,并填充有桉树叶片。在不同的干燥阶段测量通过叶片的RF损失。结果表明,以毫米为单位的有效水道(EWP)与以分贝为单位的射频损耗之间存在非线性关系。可以得出结论,2.4GHz频率的无线电波可以用于预测桉树叶片内部的含水量(0
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引用次数: 0
Negative Resistance and Its Impact on a RC-DC Driven Electric Circuit 负电阻及其对RC-DC驱动电路的影响
Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2021.137007
H. Sarafian
It is a common misconception that electric “resistance” always is a positive defined electric element. i.e., the plot of the voltage across the resistor, V vs. its current, i is a slanted straight line with a positive slope. Esaki diode also known as tunnel diode is an exception to this character. For a certain voltage range, the current recedes resulting in a line with a negative slope; it is interpreted as negative resistance. In this research flavored report, we investigate the impact of the negative resistance in a typical classic electric circuit. E.g., a tunnel diode, D is inserted in a classic electric circuit that is composed of an ohmic resistor, R and a capacitor, C which are all in series with a DC power supply. The circuit equation for the RCD circuit is a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NLODE). In line with the ever-growing popular Computer Algebra System (CAS), this is solved numerically utilizing two distinctly different CASs. The consistency of the solutions confidently leads to the understanding of the impact of the negative resistance. The circuit characteristics are compared to the classic analogous RC circuit. The report embodies an atlas of characteristics of the circuits making the analysis visually comprehensible.
这是一个常见的误解,认为电“电阻”总是一个正定义的电元素。也就是说,电阻器上的电压V与电流的关系图,i是一条斜率为正的倾斜直线。Esaki二极管也被称为隧道二极管是一个例外,这一特点。在一定电压范围内,电流退行,形成斜率为负的直线;它被解释为负阻力。在这份研究报告中,我们研究了一个典型的经典电路中负电阻的影响。例如,隧道二极管D插入到由欧姆电阻R和电容器C组成的经典电路中,它们都与直流电源串联在一起。RCD电路的电路方程为非线性常微分方程(NLODE)。与日益流行的计算机代数系统(CAS)一致,这是利用两个截然不同的CAS在数字上解决的。解决方案的一致性自信地导致理解负面阻力的影响。并与经典的模拟RC电路进行了比较。该报告体现了电路特性的图谱,使分析直观易懂。
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引用次数: 1
RF Loss Model for Tree Canopies with Varying Water Content 不同含水量林冠的射频损耗模型
Pub Date : 2021-07-28 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2021.136006
S. Peden, Ronald C. Bradbury, D. Lamb, M. Hedley
Detection of plant water status is important for monitoring plant physiology. Previous studies showed that radio waves are attenuated when passing through vegetation such as trees, and models (both empirical and analytical) were developed. However, for models to be more broadly applicable across a broad range of vegetation types and constructs, basic electrical properties of the vegetation need to be characterised. In our previous work, a model was developed to calculate the RF loss through vegetation with varying water content. In this paper, the model was extended to calculate RF loss through tree canopies with or without an air gap. When the model was compared with the actual RF loss acquired using Eucalyptus blakelyi trees (with and without leaves), there was a systematic offset equivalent to a residual moisture content of 13% that was attributed to bound water. When the model was adjusted for the additional water content, the effective water path (EWP) was found to explain 72% of the variance in the measured RF loss.
植物水分状况的检测对于监测植物生理学具有重要意义。先前的研究表明,无线电波在穿过树木等植被时会衰减,并开发了模型(包括经验模型和分析模型)。然而,为了使模型更广泛地适用于各种植被类型和结构,需要对植被的基本电气特性进行表征。在我们之前的工作中,开发了一个模型来计算不同含水量植被的RF损失。在本文中,该模型被扩展到计算有或没有气隙的树冠的RF损失。当将该模型与使用白桉树(有叶和无叶)获得的实际RF损失进行比较时,存在相当于13%的残留水分含量的系统偏移,这归因于结合水。当根据额外的含水量调整模型时,发现有效水道(EWP)可以解释测量的RF损失中72%的方差。
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引用次数: 0
Point Charge between Two Grounded and Conducting Planes Forming a 60° Angle and for Yukawa’s Potential and Coulomb’s Potential 两个接地和导电平面之间形成60°角和汤川势和库仑势的点电荷
Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2021.134004
M. A. López-Mariño, Omar Olmos López, José Manuel Pardo Regueiro
For a point charge between two grounded conductor planes forming a 60° angle, the potential and electric field generated by point charge for Yukawa’s potential (e-μr/r) and Coulomb’s potential (1/r) are modeled and simulated. The expression for the potential that generalizes the cases discussed in Lopez-Marino, M. and Trujillo Caballero, J. (2017) Point Charges and Conducting Planes for Yukawa’s Potential and Coulomb’s Potential. Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 9, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2017.910012 is presented. Graphs for the potential and electric field for both cases are showed using Maple, that of Coulomb and that of Yukawa for different values of μ . The purpose of this work is to offer students a practical guide for problem analysis of electrostatics using Maple’s capabilities as a computational tool.
对两个接地导体平面间成60°角的点电荷,对点电荷产生的汤川势(e-μr/r)和库仑势(1/r)的电势和电场进行了建模和模拟。势的表达式概括了Lopez-Marino, M.和Trujillo Caballero, J.(2017)汤川势和库仑势的点电荷和传导平面中讨论的情况。电磁分析与应用,9,135-146。网址为https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2017.910012。用Maple、Coulomb和Yukawa分别给出了两种情况下不同μ值下的电位和电场图。这项工作的目的是为学生提供一个实用的指南,使用Maple的能力作为一个计算工具来分析静电问题。
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引用次数: 0
AC Back Surface Recombination Velocity in n+-p-p+ Silicon Solar Cell under Monochromatic Light and Temperature 单色光和温度下n+-p-p+硅太阳能电池交流背表面复合速度
Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2021.135005
Mame Faty Mbaye Fall, I. Gaye, D. Diarisso, G. Diop, Khady Loum, Nafy Diop, Khalidou Mamadou Sy, M. Ndiaye, G. Sissoko
Excess minority carrier’s diffusion equation in the base of monofaciale silicon solar cell under frequency modulation of monochromatic illumination is resolved. Using conditions at the base limits involving recombination velocities Sf and Sb, respectively at the junction (n+/p) and back surface (p+/p), the AC expression of the excess minority carriers’ density δ (T, ω) is determined. The AC density of photocurrent Jph (T, ω) is represented versus recombination velocity at the junction for different values of the temperature. The expression of the AC back surface recombination velocity Sb of minority carriers is deduced depending on the frequency of modulation, temperature, the electronic parameters (D (ω)) and the thickness of the base. Bode and Nyquist diagrams are used to analyze it.
研究了单色照度调频下单面硅太阳电池基底中过量少数载流子的扩散方程。利用涉及复合速度Sf和Sb的基限条件,分别在结(n+/p)和背表面(p+/p)处,确定了过量少数载流子密度δ (T, ω)的交流表达式。在不同温度下,光电流的交流密度Jph (T, ω)随结处复合速度的变化而变化。推导了少数载流子交流背表面复合速度Sb的表达式,该表达式与调制频率、温度、电子参数D (ω)和基材厚度有关。用波德图和奈奎斯特图来分析它。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)
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