Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053416
R. P. Morris, K. Garges, R. Patterson, J. Yang, W. Buford, A. Muffoletto, J. Simmons
The purpose of the study is to investigate one of the factors that appear to be responsible for the high incidence of back pain and disability, inefficacious lumbar lordosis. It has been the observation of many back pain specialists that patients with back pain and disc problems have a decreased lumbar curvature; this has been presumed by some to be a result of muscle spasm, but by others as a cause of the primary malady. Six cadaver spinal segments were tested on a materials testing system (MTS) in varying degrees of lumbar curvature to see whether the curvature had an affect on stability with compression and rotation, the motions responsible for many back injuries. In all cases, increased lumbar lordosis correlated with increased stiffness, This correlation was at a maximum with respect to the spines tested, in the one with the least amount of osteopenia (estimated by radiographs and age of specimens). The results suggest that lumbar lordosis correlates with increased stiffness in cadaveric specimens. This study is ongoing and preliminary results suggest a larger sample size for the mechanical testing is needed for the study to be conclusive and statistically valid. Once that is achieved, the correlations and clinical significance can be determined.
{"title":"The affect of relative lordosis on dynamic torsional stability in the lumbar spine","authors":"R. P. Morris, K. Garges, R. Patterson, J. Yang, W. Buford, A. Muffoletto, J. Simmons","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053416","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to investigate one of the factors that appear to be responsible for the high incidence of back pain and disability, inefficacious lumbar lordosis. It has been the observation of many back pain specialists that patients with back pain and disc problems have a decreased lumbar curvature; this has been presumed by some to be a result of muscle spasm, but by others as a cause of the primary malady. Six cadaver spinal segments were tested on a materials testing system (MTS) in varying degrees of lumbar curvature to see whether the curvature had an affect on stability with compression and rotation, the motions responsible for many back injuries. In all cases, increased lumbar lordosis correlated with increased stiffness, This correlation was at a maximum with respect to the spines tested, in the one with the least amount of osteopenia (estimated by radiographs and age of specimens). The results suggest that lumbar lordosis correlates with increased stiffness in cadaveric specimens. This study is ongoing and preliminary results suggest a larger sample size for the mechanical testing is needed for the study to be conclusive and statistically valid. Once that is achieved, the correlations and clinical significance can be determined.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"89 1","pages":"2540-2541 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83918407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053457
Weizhao Zhao, Chunyan Wu, Xiaodong Wu, R. Prado, P. Pattany
Exciting medical imaging technologies widely applicable to both clinical and basic science research have emerged over the last two decades and are crucially important to the biomedical engineering field. For undergraduate students, however, the "classroom-only" teaching style suffers from many limitations that make it difficult for students to gain a complete understanding of a particular system. In this university, we modified our existing medical imaging curriculum by associating a series of courses with research and clinical laboratories and formed an inherent medical imaging teaching program. We see that this program promotes students' interest to the subjects they are learning and enhances their understanding to medical imaging systems and applications.
{"title":"Learning medical imaging in classroom, virtual classroom and laboratory classroom","authors":"Weizhao Zhao, Chunyan Wu, Xiaodong Wu, R. Prado, P. Pattany","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053457","url":null,"abstract":"Exciting medical imaging technologies widely applicable to both clinical and basic science research have emerged over the last two decades and are crucially important to the biomedical engineering field. For undergraduate students, however, the \"classroom-only\" teaching style suffers from many limitations that make it difficult for students to gain a complete understanding of a particular system. In this university, we modified our existing medical imaging curriculum by associating a series of courses with research and clinical laboratories and formed an inherent medical imaging teaching program. We see that this program promotes students' interest to the subjects they are learning and enhances their understanding to medical imaging systems and applications.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"70 1","pages":"2620 vol.3-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84236579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053120
B. He, J. Lian
We review the recent development in electrophysiological neuroimaging of brain activity by solving the inverse problem of electroencephalography (EEG). Different approaches to solve the EEG inverse problem have been reviewed, and the recent trend of multimodel integration for high-resolution neuroimaging has been discussed. Examples on electrophysiological neuroimaging are also be provided.
{"title":"Electrophysiological neuroimaging of brain activity","authors":"B. He, J. Lian","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053120","url":null,"abstract":"We review the recent development in electrophysiological neuroimaging of brain activity by solving the inverse problem of electroencephalography (EEG). Different approaches to solve the EEG inverse problem have been reviewed, and the recent trend of multimodel integration for high-resolution neuroimaging has been discussed. Examples on electrophysiological neuroimaging are also be provided.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"21 1","pages":"1970-1971 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79914718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106439
W. Besio, P. Tarjan
Four digital filtering techniques were evaluated to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of directly obtained Laplacian electrograms (LECG), which were bandpass filtered before analog to digital conversion. The moment of activation (MOA) in the LECG was detected to create isochronal body surface maps, which show activation patterns. Unprocessed atrial LECG activity coincided with P-waves in the Lead II ECG (L2). Partial atrial flutter activation patterns were also constructed. The LECG system promises to reveal underlying cardiac activation patterns, including those of the atria, which are far less prominent than those from the ventricles.
{"title":"Filtering of surface Laplacian electrocardiograms from humans to produce atrial activation patterns","authors":"W. Besio, P. Tarjan","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106439","url":null,"abstract":"Four digital filtering techniques were evaluated to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of directly obtained Laplacian electrograms (LECG), which were bandpass filtered before analog to digital conversion. The moment of activation (MOA) in the LECG was detected to create isochronal body surface maps, which show activation patterns. Unprocessed atrial LECG activity coincided with P-waves in the Lead II ECG (L2). Partial atrial flutter activation patterns were also constructed. The LECG system promises to reveal underlying cardiac activation patterns, including those of the atria, which are far less prominent than those from the ventricles.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"12 1","pages":"1379-1380 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79912724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1137067
T. Brieva, P. Moghe
The development of cell-based therapies for liver failure relies on the availability of scaffolds that support high levels of cellular function. In this work, we functionalize biomaterial surfaces using a novel cell-based ligand as an alternative to traditional extracellular matrix-derived ligands. Initial studies in a model coculture system indicate that E-cadherin, a key cell-cell adhesion molecule present on hepatocytes, enhances liver-specific function when presented by chaperone cells. We then investigate the behavior of hepatocytes on acellular cadherin-presenting immobilized microparticle-based biomaterials. Biological activity of acellular cadherins is ensured by appending to the extracellular domain of E-cadherin an immunoglobulin Fc region, which induces dimerization and specifically adheres to a Protein A coating on the microbeads. Hepatocellular function was elevated on these surfaces as compared to the control, Fc presenting surfaces. Both surfaces exhibited similar cell adhesion and morphogenesis, suggesting that induction of hepatocyte function by cadherins was due to signaling activities rather than adhesive activities. Overall, we have demonstrated that functionalization of biomaterials with acellular cadherins is a powerful way to induce hepatocyte function.
{"title":"Hepatocellular engineering via acellular cadherin-derived microinterfaces","authors":"T. Brieva, P. Moghe","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1137067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1137067","url":null,"abstract":"The development of cell-based therapies for liver failure relies on the availability of scaffolds that support high levels of cellular function. In this work, we functionalize biomaterial surfaces using a novel cell-based ligand as an alternative to traditional extracellular matrix-derived ligands. Initial studies in a model coculture system indicate that E-cadherin, a key cell-cell adhesion molecule present on hepatocytes, enhances liver-specific function when presented by chaperone cells. We then investigate the behavior of hepatocytes on acellular cadherin-presenting immobilized microparticle-based biomaterials. Biological activity of acellular cadherins is ensured by appending to the extracellular domain of E-cadherin an immunoglobulin Fc region, which induces dimerization and specifically adheres to a Protein A coating on the microbeads. Hepatocellular function was elevated on these surfaces as compared to the control, Fc presenting surfaces. Both surfaces exhibited similar cell adhesion and morphogenesis, suggesting that induction of hepatocyte function by cadherins was due to signaling activities rather than adhesive activities. Overall, we have demonstrated that functionalization of biomaterials with acellular cadherins is a powerful way to induce hepatocyte function.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"162 1","pages":"778-779 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77541746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106249
R. Lazebnik, D. Wilson, M. Breen, J. Lewin
We created a method for 3D registration of medical scanner image volumes to gross pathology images. We are applying it to evaluate interventional MRI thermal ablation and in vivo localized drug release from a new device, implanted using CT guidance. The method computes an optimum set of rigid body registration parameters by iterative minimization of the Euclidean distances between automatically generated correspondence points, along manually selected fiducial needle paths, and optional point landmarks. Voxel displacement errors depend only on needle localization error when the angle between needles was at least 15 degrees, and the distance objective function is a useful diagnostic for registration quality.
{"title":"3D registration of medical scanner volumes and tissue section photographs for evaluation of image-guided treatment","authors":"R. Lazebnik, D. Wilson, M. Breen, J. Lewin","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106249","url":null,"abstract":"We created a method for 3D registration of medical scanner image volumes to gross pathology images. We are applying it to evaluate interventional MRI thermal ablation and in vivo localized drug release from a new device, implanted using CT guidance. The method computes an optimum set of rigid body registration parameters by iterative minimization of the Euclidean distances between automatically generated correspondence points, along manually selected fiducial needle paths, and optional point landmarks. Voxel displacement errors depend only on needle localization error when the angle between needles was at least 15 degrees, and the distance objective function is a useful diagnostic for registration quality.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"19 1","pages":"1007-1008 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79061830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1134524
D. Leckband, C. Johnson, R. A. Roberts, I. Fujimoto, B. Anderson, U. Rutishauser
The molecular mechanism of homophilic adhesion between neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) was investigated by direct force measurements. The force-distance profiles demonstrated that multiple domains are involved in adhesion. In addition, the effect of polysialylation on the interprotein forces provided insights into the molecular mechanism by which posttranslational modification regulates NCAM function.
{"title":"Using direct force measurements to determine the mechanism of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) function","authors":"D. Leckband, C. Johnson, R. A. Roberts, I. Fujimoto, B. Anderson, U. Rutishauser","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1134524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1134524","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular mechanism of homophilic adhesion between neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) was investigated by direct force measurements. The force-distance profiles demonstrated that multiple domains are involved in adhesion. In addition, the effect of polysialylation on the interprotein forces provided insights into the molecular mechanism by which posttranslational modification regulates NCAM function.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"41 1 1","pages":"339-340 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89241130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106317
I. Pavlidis, J. Levine
Our group has been conducting advanced research in deception detection (DD) for the last three years. The conclusion from our effort is that facial thermal screening is a very promising method for DD. It can be used as an additional information channel to enhance traditional polygraph examination for investigative purposes. Because of the unique advantages of the method (non-invasive, real-time, and highly automated), it can also be used for mass screening in airport, border, and other critical checkpoints. Checkpoint agents are already asking travelers certain questions. A familiar example is the question: "Did you pack your own bags?" The difference under our proposal is that these questions will become much more meaningful and both an agent and a machine will evaluate the travelers' responses. The machine's recommendation will serve as an additional data point to the traveler's on-line record. Its weight will be commensurate with how well the machine proves itself in actual practice.
{"title":"Thermal facial screening for deception detection","authors":"I. Pavlidis, J. Levine","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106317","url":null,"abstract":"Our group has been conducting advanced research in deception detection (DD) for the last three years. The conclusion from our effort is that facial thermal screening is a very promising method for DD. It can be used as an additional information channel to enhance traditional polygraph examination for investigative purposes. Because of the unique advantages of the method (non-invasive, real-time, and highly automated), it can also be used for mass screening in airport, border, and other critical checkpoints. Checkpoint agents are already asking travelers certain questions. A familiar example is the question: \"Did you pack your own bags?\" The difference under our proposal is that these questions will become much more meaningful and both an agent and a machine will evaluate the travelers' responses. The machine's recommendation will serve as an additional data point to the traveler's on-line record. Its weight will be commensurate with how well the machine proves itself in actual practice.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"1 1","pages":"1143-1144 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88870676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053261
Xingde Li, M. Brezinski, J. Fujimoto
In this paper we present the recent technological development of optical coherence tomography (OCT). We also discuss the potential clinical applications of OCT for diagnosing pathological changes in different organs and systems.
{"title":"High resolution optical imaging and spectroscopy of biological tissues","authors":"Xingde Li, M. Brezinski, J. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053261","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the recent technological development of optical coherence tomography (OCT). We also discuss the potential clinical applications of OCT for diagnosing pathological changes in different organs and systems.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"56 1","pages":"2241-2242 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73645897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053339
S. Gard, Regina J. Konz
Shock absorbing pylons (SAPs) are components that increase prosthetic compliance and provide shock absorption during walking, running, and other high-impact activities in persons with leg amputations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SAPs on the gaits of persons who walk with trans-tibial prostheses. Two gait analyses were performed on ten subjects walking with and without an Endolite TT (Telescopic-Torsion) Pylon. Comparison of kinematic and kinetic gait parameters indicated that there were few quantitative changes in the way people walked with and without the SAPs. The most consistent change among subjects was a reduction In the magnitude of an isolated force transient that occurred during the prosthetic loading response phase, an effect that was more evident at higher walking speeds. Results from a questionnaire that was administered to subjects indicated they generally preferred walking with the SAP for reasons related to comfort. We conclude that SAPs may provide significant benefit for persons with trans-tibial amputations who are able to routinely walk at speeds above approximately 1.3 m/sec.
{"title":"The effect of shock absorbing prosthetic components on the gaits of persons with lower-extremity amputations","authors":"S. Gard, Regina J. Konz","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053339","url":null,"abstract":"Shock absorbing pylons (SAPs) are components that increase prosthetic compliance and provide shock absorption during walking, running, and other high-impact activities in persons with leg amputations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SAPs on the gaits of persons who walk with trans-tibial prostheses. Two gait analyses were performed on ten subjects walking with and without an Endolite TT (Telescopic-Torsion) Pylon. Comparison of kinematic and kinetic gait parameters indicated that there were few quantitative changes in the way people walked with and without the SAPs. The most consistent change among subjects was a reduction In the magnitude of an isolated force transient that occurred during the prosthetic loading response phase, an effect that was more evident at higher walking speeds. Results from a questionnaire that was administered to subjects indicated they generally preferred walking with the SAP for reasons related to comfort. We conclude that SAPs may provide significant benefit for persons with trans-tibial amputations who are able to routinely walk at speeds above approximately 1.3 m/sec.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":"33 1","pages":"2393-2394 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76226286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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