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中国地球物理学会年刊最新文献

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Contour extraction of fetus' head from echocardiogram using Snakes 蛇形超声心动图胎儿头部轮廓提取
Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106281
Toshiyuki Tanaka, M. Torikai
Summary form only given. We extract a contour of the fetus head from an echocardiogram BPD (biparietal diameter) level at 15-25 pregnancy weeks, without being influenced by the lack of pixels and noise elements, for the diagnostic support of the doctor. As for the contour of the fetus head, it is effective for diagnosis of the pregnancy week and degree of deformity before birth. Various evaluation values were automatically calculated as features from the obtained contour. This research consists of preprocessing, contour extraction, and calculation of the evaluation value. First, as the preprocessing, the noise is reduced from the original image and an indistinct point has been improved by using the contrast emphasis and median filtering. Next, the contour of the fetus head was extracted by using the active contour model Snakes, more highly accurate than a general technique. Finally the OFD (occipitofrontal diameter), BPD, were automatically computed from the obtained contour. The improvement of the extraction accuracy was confirmed by setting the best energy parameters for Snakes in contour extraction. We succeeded in obtaining evaluation values with the same accuracy, compared with those calculated from the contour depicted by the doctor.
只提供摘要形式。我们从妊娠15-25周的超声心动图BPD(双顶叶直径)水平中提取胎儿头部轮廓,不受缺乏像素和噪声元素的影响,用于医生的诊断支持。胎儿头部轮廓对产前妊娠周和畸形程度的诊断是有效的。从获得的轮廓线中自动计算出各种评价值作为特征。该研究包括预处理、轮廓提取和评价值计算。首先,在预处理过程中,通过对比度强调和中值滤波对原始图像进行降噪,改善模糊点;其次,利用活动轮廓模型snake提取胎儿头部轮廓,比一般方法的提取精度更高。最后根据得到的轮廓线自动计算枕额直径(OFD),即BPD。通过设置蛇形轮廓提取的最佳能量参数,验证了提取精度的提高。与医生描绘的轮廓计算值相比,我们成功地获得了具有相同精度的评价值。
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引用次数: 0
Methodology for estimating instantaneous heat removal from human skin in response to cryogen spray cooling 估计人体皮肤对冷冻剂喷雾冷却反应的瞬时散热的方法学
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053279
B. Pikkula, J. Tunnell, B. Anvari
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) reduces epidermal damage during laser treatment of various dermatoses. The goal of this study was to determine the instantaneous surface heat removal from skin by CSC. Thermocouples were imbedded in four substrates with a range of thermal diffusivities, greater than three orders of magnitude in difference, to measure internal temperature profiles in response to CSC. An inverse heat conduction model was subsequently used to quantify the instantaneous heat removal from the substrates using the measured temperatures. The ratio of the average values of the instantaneous heat removal among pairs of substrates was plotted as a function of the ratio of the thermal diffusivity among the pairs. The resulting correlation was then used to estimate the instantaneous heat removal from skin. This work will aid in the modeling of heat transfer in skin during laser irradiation in conjunction with CSC.
冷冻喷雾冷却(CSC)在激光治疗各种皮肤病期间减少表皮损伤。本研究的目的是确定CSC从皮肤中瞬时去除表面热量。热电偶嵌入四个热扩散系数范围大于三个数量级的衬底中,以测量响应CSC的内部温度分布。随后使用反热传导模型来量化使用测量温度从基板的瞬时热量去除。对衬底间瞬时放热的平均值之比被绘制为对间热扩散率之比的函数。由此产生的相关性然后被用来估计皮肤的瞬时热量去除。这项工作将有助于与CSC一起在激光照射期间皮肤传热的建模。
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引用次数: 0
New method in acoustic analysis for the diagnosis of the laryngeal functions 声学分析诊断喉功能的新方法
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1134423
J. Choi, Myung-Whun Sung, K. Park
Speech has been widely used for the diagnosis of the laryngeal function, and many methods have been developed in voice analysis. But, some methods cannot be applied in clinical cases. So, we present a scheme for the diagnosis of the voice using some parametric methods. We expect this scheme to be useful for the diagnosis of patients' voices.
语音已被广泛用于喉功能的诊断,并且在语音分析中发展了许多方法。但是,有些方法不能应用于临床。为此,我们提出了一种利用参数化方法对语音进行诊断的方案。我们期望这一方案对患者声音的诊断有用。
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引用次数: 4
Study of polarization evolution in phantom tissues with ultrafast optics techniques: Monte Carlo simulations and experiments 用超快光学技术研究幻影组织的偏振演化:蒙特卡罗模拟与实验
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053303
Xueding Wang, L.V. Wang, Chia-Wei Sun, Hsiang-Shi Wang, C.C. Yang, Y. Kiang
This paper presents our study results of polarized short pulse transmission through phantom tissues made of polystyrene particle solutions with various concentrations and particle sizes. To improve the quality of optical imaging using an ultrafast light source, study is required to fully understand the evolution of the polarization state in the sample, as well as the time- and polarization-dependent distributions of optical intensity exiting from samples. Temporal profiles of the Stokes vectors and the degree of polarization are measured experimentally. The results agree well with those resulting from Monte Carlo simulations. Analyses based on the Stokes-Mueller formalism show that the first scattering event determines the spatial patterns of the transmitted Stokes vectors. When a detected area at the output surface of the sample is symmetric about the incident beam, the temporal profile of transmittance is independent of the incident polarization state. The linear relationship between the average order of scatters and the light propagation time can be used to explain the exponential decay of the degree of polarization and the inversely proportional relationship between the FWHM of the degree of polarization and the scatterer concentration.
本文介绍了偏振短脉冲通过不同浓度和粒径的聚苯乙烯粒子溶液制备的幻像组织的研究结果。为了提高使用超快光源的光学成像质量,需要研究充分了解样品中偏振状态的演变,以及样品中光强随时间和偏振的分布。实验测量了Stokes矢量的时域分布和偏振度。结果与蒙特卡罗模拟结果吻合较好。基于Stokes- mueller形式的分析表明,第一次散射事件决定了传输Stokes矢量的空间模式。当样品输出表面的检测区域与入射光束对称时,透射率的时间分布与入射偏振态无关。散射体平均阶数和光传播时间的线性关系可以用来解释偏振度的指数衰减和偏振度的频宽与散射体浓度的反比关系。
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引用次数: 0
Phage display of adenoviral HI loop for "context-specific" ligand selection 腺病毒HI环的噬菌体展示,用于“上下文特异性”配体选择
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1136947
D. Ghosh, M. Barry
Adenoviruses are used as delivery vectors in gene therapy mainly due to their ability to efficiently infect dividing and non-dividing cells. However, their success is hindered due to its tropism for non-targeted cell types. Adenoviruses can be genetically retargeted by ligand addition to confer specificity. Phage-presenting random peptide libraries have been used to select potential ligands. This approach does not require knowledge of the cell biology. However, selected peptides engineered into the adenovirus can reduce viral capsid function, and the adenovirus can impair targeting ability of the selected peptide. Our research focuses on the development of "context-specific" random libraries for ligand selection. By introducing a viral context, we hope to select a peptide that can be introduced into the virus without affecting function. In this paper, we report the phage display of biotin acceptor peptide within the adenoviral HI loop (denoted HI-BAP). HI-BAP is expressed and enzymatically biotinylated on the pIII minor coat protein of filamentous phage. This approach can improve targeting of viral vectors.
腺病毒被用作基因治疗的传递载体,主要是因为它们能够有效地感染分裂细胞和非分裂细胞。然而,由于其对非靶向细胞类型的倾向,它们的成功受到阻碍。腺病毒可以通过添加配体来获得特异性。噬菌体呈递随机肽库已被用于选择潜在的配体。这种方法不需要细胞生物学的知识。然而,选定的肽工程进入腺病毒可以降低病毒衣壳功能,并且腺病毒可以削弱选定肽的靶向能力。我们的研究重点是开发用于配体选择的“上下文特定”随机文库。通过引入病毒背景,我们希望选择一种可以引入病毒而不影响功能的肽。在本文中,我们报道了腺病毒HI环内生物素受体肽的噬菌体展示(标记为HI- bap)。HI-BAP在丝状噬菌体的pIII次要外壳蛋白上表达并酶促生物素化。这种方法可以提高病毒载体的靶向性。
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引用次数: 0
The VaNTH Bioengineering Curriculum Project 凡特理工学院生物工程课程设计
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053470
R. Linsenmeier, T. R. Harris, S. Olds
The NSF-sponsored VaNTH Engineering Research Center in Bioengineering Educational Technologies is developing a website, www.vanth.org/curriculum, to provide a forum for ideas about bioengineering curriculum. Two elements of that site are: 1) a listing of recommended core content, as opposed to core courses, for biomedical engineering undergraduate programs, and 2) recommendations for creation of curricula in terms of both content and pedagogy. This presentation addresses these two area. Our recommendations are intended to allow programs to meet a set of standard criteria that will allow industry, in particular, to understand what a biomedical engineer is, while allowing universities to meet local constraints and take advantage of their own strengths. Feedback from a broad cross-section of the bioengineering community is now needed to achieve agreement on core elements of a biomedical engineering curriculum.
由美国国家科学基金会赞助的VaNTH生物工程教育技术工程研究中心正在开发一个网站www.vanth.org/curriculum,为有关生物工程课程的想法提供论坛。该网站的两个要素是:1)列出推荐的核心内容,而不是核心课程,针对生物医学工程本科课程;2)在内容和教学法方面对课程的创建提出建议。本演讲涉及这两个领域。我们的建议旨在使项目符合一套标准标准,这将使工业界,特别是,了解什么是生物医学工程师,同时允许大学满足当地的限制并利用自己的优势。为了就生物医学工程课程的核心要素达成一致,现在需要来自广泛的生物工程界的反馈。
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引用次数: 18
Effects of vessel curvature on intracranial aneurysmal flow 血管曲率对颅内动脉瘤血流的影响
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106416
Y. Hoi, H. Meng, B. Bendok, L. Guterman, L. Hopkins
The effects of parent vessel curvature on the hemodynamic forces for lateral saccular aneurysms are evaluated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As the vessel curvature increases, flow impinges the distal neck and enters the aneurysm violently, causing both the pressure and shear stress at the distal neck to increase. High-pressure and high wall shear stress zones at the distal neck expand with the increasing of vessel curvature. The location of maximal wall shear stress implies that the growth or rupture of aneurysm may initiate in this region. Moreover, the effects of parent vessel curvature on aneurysm hemodynamics may eventually help to predict the risk of individual aneurysm rupture. Implantation of stents has the dual effect of disrupting the flow into the aneurysm and altering the radius of curvature. The study of the effects of vessel curvature effects on flow thus has new implications for stent design and implantation.
应用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,研究了囊状动脉瘤血管曲率对其血流动力学的影响。随着血管曲率的增大,血流猛烈冲击远端颈部并进入动脉瘤,导致远端颈部的压力和剪应力均增加。颈部远端高压、高壁剪应力区随着血管曲率的增大而扩大。最大壁剪应力的位置暗示动脉瘤可能在这个区域生长或破裂。此外,母体血管曲率对动脉瘤血流动力学的影响可能最终有助于预测单个动脉瘤破裂的风险。植入支架具有阻断进入动脉瘤的血流和改变曲率半径的双重作用。因此,研究血管曲率对血流的影响对支架的设计和植入有新的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Gait training in individuals with incomplete SCI: how are they different from healthy subjects? 不完全性脊髓损伤患者的步态训练:与健康人有何不同?
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053352
E. Delikanaki-Skaribas, H. Lim, H. Qureshy, S. Holmes, E. Protas, A. Sherwood
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 3-month gait training on mean gait oxygen consumption (VO2), gait speed (GS), distance covered in a 5-minutes walk, and gait cost (GC). In order to better explain the results, the data were compared to healthy subjects. Ten incomplete SCI patients with mean age 40/spl plusmn/14 years participated to the study. The results showed significant increases in mean walking VO2 (p<0.01), GS (p<0.01), and distance covered (p<0.01) during the 5-minute walking test. While GC did not improve significantly after training, there was a definite trend of lower VO2 consumption per meter walked. The relation between VO2 and GS was compared to data of a 5-minute walking test of healthy individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between VO2 and GS in healthy (r=0.68; p<0.01) and there was no correlation (r=0.10) between those variables in SCI individuals. There was no correlation between GC and GS in healthy (r=0.128) and there was a significant negative correlation in SCI individuals. There is evidence that SCI individuals benefit from gait training. While physiological responses during walking are different in individuals with SCI than healthy, gait training reduces that difference.
本研究的目的是研究3个月的步态训练对平均步态耗氧量(VO2)、步态速度(GS)、5分钟步行距离和步态成本(GC)的影响。为了更好地解释结果,将数据与健康受试者进行了比较。10例平均年龄40岁/spl + 14岁的不完全性SCI患者参与了研究。结果显示,在5分钟的步行测试中,平均步行VO2 (p<0.01)、GS (p<0.01)和步行距离(p<0.01)显著增加。虽然训练后GC没有明显改善,但每米行走的VO2消耗有明显下降的趋势。将VO2与GS的关系与健康人5分钟步行试验数据进行比较。健康组VO2与GS呈显著正相关(r=0.68;p<0.01),而在脊髓损伤个体中,这些变量之间没有相关性(r=0.10)。健康组GC与GS无相关性(r=0.128),脊髓损伤组GC与GS呈显著负相关。有证据表明,脊髓损伤患者受益于步态训练。尽管脊髓损伤患者行走时的生理反应与健康人不同,但步态训练可以减少这种差异。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated modeling of yeast kinetochore microtubule dynamics and the imaging thereof by fluorescence microscopy 酵母着丝点微管动力学的综合建模及其荧光显微镜成像
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1136969
B. Sprague, C. Pearson, P. Maddox, E. Salmon, D. Odde
We were interested in determining the mechanisms by which microtubules mediate the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis in S. cerevisiae. In metaphase each chromosome has a single kinetochore assembled on its kinetochore region and each yeast kinetochore is in turn associated with a single microtubule plus end. A yeast strain containing a GFP fusion to the kinetochore protein, Cse4p, was used to track kinetochore microtubule dynamics by fluorescence microscopy. However, the images were blurry as a result of diffraction, and so rather than deconvolve the experimental images, we instead convolved the model predictions with a model of the image formation process to generate simulated microscopic images. Using the latter approach, which we call "model-convolution," it was impossible to mistakenly converge to a false reconstructed image, as can happen with the former approach, and it was computationally faster. The simulated images were compared statistically to the experimental images to determine that a simple dynamic instability model was unacceptable. However, a stable spatial gradient of microtubule catastrophe rate model provided reasonable agreement. These results show that the behaviors of proteins confined to subcellular compartments can be quantitatively analyzed, provided that both the intrinsic dynamics and the imaging of those dynamics are modeled.
我们感兴趣的是确定微管介导酿酒酵母有丝分裂过程中染色体分离的机制。在中期,每条染色体在其着丝点区域有一个单一的着丝点,每个酵母着丝点依次与一个微管正端相关。一株含有GFP与着丝粒蛋白Cse4p融合的酵母菌通过荧光显微镜跟踪着丝粒微管动力学。然而,由于衍射的结果,图像是模糊的,所以我们不是对实验图像进行反卷积,而是将模型预测与图像形成过程的模型进行卷积,以生成模拟的微观图像。使用后一种方法,我们称之为“模型卷积”,它不可能像前一种方法那样错误地收敛到一个虚假的重建图像,而且它的计算速度更快。将模拟图像与实验图像进行统计比较,以确定简单的动态不稳定模型是不可接受的。然而,稳定的微管突变率空间梯度模型提供了合理的一致性。这些结果表明,蛋白质的行为限制在亚细胞区室可以定量分析,提供了内在动力学和这些动力学的成像建模。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison and analysis of electrical impedance tomographic images reconstructed using two algorithms 两种算法重建的电阻抗层析图像的比较与分析
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106218
J. Zhang, R. Patterson, A. Korjenevsky
Dynamic electrical impedance tomographic (EIT) images are constructed based on the measurements from Sheffield system DAS01P-01 using two algorithms. One is to derive dynamic images from static images. Another is to reconstruct dynamic images using the back projection method. Changes of resistivity in region of interests (ROI) are determined and compared. The difference and possible reasons are discussed.
基于谢菲尔德系统DAS01P-01的测量数据,采用两种算法构建了动态电阻抗层析成像(EIT)图像。一种是从静态图像派生出动态图像。另一种是利用反向投影法重建动态图像。确定并比较了感兴趣区域电阻率的变化。讨论了两者的差异及可能的原因。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
中国地球物理学会年刊
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