Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02036-8
Matheus Reis Santos de Melo, Arthur Barcelos Ribeiro, Gabriela Fernandes, Iara Silva Squarisi, Marcela de Melo Junqueira, Alzir Azevedo Batista, Monize Martins da Silva, Denise Crispim Tavares
Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal type of skin cancer due to its characteristics such as high metastatic potential and low response rate to existing treatment modalities. In this way, new drug prototypes are being studied to solve the problem of treating patients with melanoma. Among these, ruthenium-based metallopharmaceuticals may be promising alternatives due to their antitumor characteristics and low systemic toxicity. In this context, the present study evaluated the antineoplastic effect of the ruthenium complex [Ru(mtz)(dppe)2]PF6-2-mercaptothiazoline-di-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine) ethaneruthenium(II), namely RuMTZ, on human melanoma (A-375) and murine (B16-F10) cells, considering different approaches. Through XTT colorimetric and clonogenic efficiency assays, the complex revealed the selective cytotoxic activity, with the lowest IC50 (0.4 µM) observed for A375 cells. RuMTZ also induced changes in cell morphology, increased cell population in the sub-G0 phase and inhibiting cell migration. The levels of γH2AX and cleaved caspase 3 proteins were increased in both cell lines treated with RuMTZ. These findings indicated that the cytotoxic activity of RuMTZ on melanoma cells is related, at least in part, to the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis. Therefore, RuMTZ exhibited promising antineoplastic activity against melanoma cells.
{"title":"Ruthenium(II) complex with 2-mercaptothiazoline ligand induces selective cytotoxicity involving DNA damage and apoptosis in melanoma cells.","authors":"Matheus Reis Santos de Melo, Arthur Barcelos Ribeiro, Gabriela Fernandes, Iara Silva Squarisi, Marcela de Melo Junqueira, Alzir Azevedo Batista, Monize Martins da Silva, Denise Crispim Tavares","doi":"10.1007/s00775-023-02036-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00775-023-02036-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal type of skin cancer due to its characteristics such as high metastatic potential and low response rate to existing treatment modalities. In this way, new drug prototypes are being studied to solve the problem of treating patients with melanoma. Among these, ruthenium-based metallopharmaceuticals may be promising alternatives due to their antitumor characteristics and low systemic toxicity. In this context, the present study evaluated the antineoplastic effect of the ruthenium complex [Ru(mtz)(dppe)<sub>2</sub>]PF<sub>6</sub>-2-mercaptothiazoline-di-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine) ethaneruthenium(II), namely RuMTZ, on human melanoma (A-375) and murine (B16-F10) cells, considering different approaches. Through XTT colorimetric and clonogenic efficiency assays, the complex revealed the selective cytotoxic activity, with the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> (0.4 µM) observed for A375 cells. RuMTZ also induced changes in cell morphology, increased cell population in the sub-G0 phase and inhibiting cell migration. The levels of γH2AX and cleaved caspase 3 proteins were increased in both cell lines treated with RuMTZ. These findings indicated that the cytotoxic activity of RuMTZ on melanoma cells is related, at least in part, to the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis. Therefore, RuMTZ exhibited promising antineoplastic activity against melanoma cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":603,"journal":{"name":"JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139105728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z
Marta Martínez-Alonso, Callum G Jones, James D Shipp, Dimitri Chekulaev, Helen E Bryant, Julia A Weinstein
Two novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been prepared with one bidentate or two monodentate imidazole-based ligands, 1 and 2, respectively. The complexes showed intense emission with long lifetimes of the excited state. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments established the nature of the lowest excited state as 3IL state. Singlet oxygen generation with good yields (40% for 1 and 82% for 2) was established by detecting 1O2 directly, through its emission at 1270 nm. Photostability studies were also performed to assess the viability of the complexes as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complex 1 was selected as a good candidate to investigate light-activated killing of cells, whilst complex 2 was found to be toxic in the dark and unstable under light. Complex 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity indexes (PI) in the visible region, PI > 250 after irradiation at 405 nm and PI > 150 at 455 nm, in EJ bladder cancer cells.
{"title":"Phototoxicity of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes bearing a thio-bis-benzimidazole ligand, and its monodentate analogue, as potential PDT photosensitisers in cancer cell killing.","authors":"Marta Martínez-Alonso, Callum G Jones, James D Shipp, Dimitri Chekulaev, Helen E Bryant, Julia A Weinstein","doi":"10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been prepared with one bidentate or two monodentate imidazole-based ligands, 1 and 2, respectively. The complexes showed intense emission with long lifetimes of the excited state. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments established the nature of the lowest excited state as <sup>3</sup>IL state. Singlet oxygen generation with good yields (40% for 1 and 82% for 2) was established by detecting <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> directly, through its emission at 1270 nm. Photostability studies were also performed to assess the viability of the complexes as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complex 1 was selected as a good candidate to investigate light-activated killing of cells, whilst complex 2 was found to be toxic in the dark and unstable under light. Complex 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity indexes (PI) in the visible region, PI > 250 after irradiation at 405 nm and PI > 150 at 455 nm, in EJ bladder cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":603,"journal":{"name":"JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11001735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02037-7
Alondra Jiménez-Pérez, Sandra Fernández-Fariña, Rosa Pedrido, Javier García-Tojal
Thiosemicarbazones are biologically active substances whose structural formula is formed by an azomethine, an hydrazine, and a thioamide fragments, to generate a R2C=N-NR-C(=S)-NR2 backbone. These compounds often act as ligands to generate highly stable metal-organic complexes. In certain experimental conditions, however, thiosemicarbazones undergo reactions leading to the cleavage of the chain. Sometimes, the breakage involves desulfurization processes. The present work summarizes the different chemical factors that influence the desulfurization reactions of thiosemicarbazones, such as pH, the presence of oxidant reactants or the establishment of redox processes as those electrochemically induced, the effects of the solvent, the temperature, and the electromagnetic radiation. Many of these reactions require coordination of thiosemicarbazones to metal ions, even those present in the intracellular environment. The nature of the products generated in these reactions, their detection in vivo and in vitro, together with the relevance for the biological activity of these compounds, mainly as antineoplastic agents, is discussed.
{"title":"Desulfurization of thiosemicarbazones: the role of metal ions and biological implications.","authors":"Alondra Jiménez-Pérez, Sandra Fernández-Fariña, Rosa Pedrido, Javier García-Tojal","doi":"10.1007/s00775-023-02037-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00775-023-02037-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiosemicarbazones are biologically active substances whose structural formula is formed by an azomethine, an hydrazine, and a thioamide fragments, to generate a R<sub>2</sub>C=N-NR-C(=S)-NR<sub>2</sub> backbone. These compounds often act as ligands to generate highly stable metal-organic complexes. In certain experimental conditions, however, thiosemicarbazones undergo reactions leading to the cleavage of the chain. Sometimes, the breakage involves desulfurization processes. The present work summarizes the different chemical factors that influence the desulfurization reactions of thiosemicarbazones, such as pH, the presence of oxidant reactants or the establishment of redox processes as those electrochemically induced, the effects of the solvent, the temperature, and the electromagnetic radiation. Many of these reactions require coordination of thiosemicarbazones to metal ions, even those present in the intracellular environment. The nature of the products generated in these reactions, their detection in vivo and in vitro, together with the relevance for the biological activity of these compounds, mainly as antineoplastic agents, is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":603,"journal":{"name":"JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139039322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02032-y
Eren Yılmaz, Serbülent Türk, Alican Bahadır Semerci, Mine Kırkbınar, Erhan İbrahimoğlu, Fatih Çalışkan
Metallic titanium (Ti) implant surfaces need improvement for bioproperties and antibacterial behavior. For this purpose, a new boron-doped bioactive apatite–wollastonite (AW) coating was successfully developed on the Ti plate surface. The effects of boron addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and bioproperties of the AW coating were investigated. With the addition of boron (B), the AW coating morphology became less porous and compact. In terms of bio properties, the rate of apatite formation increased with the addition of B, and the cell viability rate increased from approximately 66–81%. B addition increased the elastic modulus of the AW coating from about 24–46 GPa and increased its hardness about 2.5 times. In addition, while no antibacterial activity was observed in the AW coating, the addition of boron slightly introduced antibacterial properties. The novel AW/B composite coating obtained is promising for Ti implant surfaces.