Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2023.132003
{"title":"System Variables Design of Safety Analysis for Fast Reactors","authors":"","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2023.132003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2023.132003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2023.131001
M. Khan, Lubon Putul, S. Islam
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Heating Technique in Corium Melt Pool Convection Flow Field & Thermal Interaction in a Volumetrically Heated Molten Pool","authors":"M. Khan, Lubon Putul, S. Islam","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2023.131001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2023.131001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2023.132002
Giovani Laranjo de Stefani, Diego Manoel Enedino Gonçalves, C. Raitz, Marcelo V. da Silva, Caio Július César Miranda Rodrigues da Cunha
{"title":"Feasibility to Convert the NuScale SMR from UO<sub>2</sub> to a Mixed (U, Th)O<sub>2</sub> Core: A Parametric Study of Fuel Element—Seed-Blanket Concept","authors":"Giovani Laranjo de Stefani, Diego Manoel Enedino Gonçalves, C. Raitz, Marcelo V. da Silva, Caio Július César Miranda Rodrigues da Cunha","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2023.132002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2023.132002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2022.121002
B. Vasundhara, P. Hemalatha, P.R.S.S.V. Raju
Context: Positron emission tomography is a nuclear medicine imaging that deals with physiological function using radioisotopes. With the most PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanners in integration with the CT scanners of late, this technology has registered phenomenal growth. The small amount of radioactive material is called Radiotracers. Objective: Like 18 F-Fluro-deoxy-2-glucose has widely used. In this article, the author introduced clinical applications of PET out of 25 patients who studied hypermetabolic lesions in lymph nodes. Methods: PET imaging is coincidence imaging which is different from the other imaging technique PET image formed from multiple rings of detector crystals. Each decay positron travel in tissue annihila-tion reaction is going on. FDG is the most commonly used radiotracer to detect and stage various types of malignancies. Result: The field of PET/CT imaging cares for many oncology patients. PET improved localization of malignant lesions. It improved staging biopsy and therapy. Conclusion: Finally, studies to data showed 4% to 10% improvement in the overall accuracy of staging/restaging in lesions. If we use Monte Carlo simulation, OLINDA/EXM software may improve further with widely used.
{"title":"Role of PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography) in Cancer Evaluation and Treatment","authors":"B. Vasundhara, P. Hemalatha, P.R.S.S.V. Raju","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2022.121002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2022.121002","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Positron emission tomography is a nuclear medicine imaging that deals with physiological function using radioisotopes. With the most PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanners in integration with the CT scanners of late, this technology has registered phenomenal growth. The small amount of radioactive material is called Radiotracers. Objective: Like 18 F-Fluro-deoxy-2-glucose has widely used. In this article, the author introduced clinical applications of PET out of 25 patients who studied hypermetabolic lesions in lymph nodes. Methods: PET imaging is coincidence imaging which is different from the other imaging technique PET image formed from multiple rings of detector crystals. Each decay positron travel in tissue annihila-tion reaction is going on. FDG is the most commonly used radiotracer to detect and stage various types of malignancies. Result: The field of PET/CT imaging cares for many oncology patients. PET improved localization of malignant lesions. It improved staging biopsy and therapy. Conclusion: Finally, studies to data showed 4% to 10% improvement in the overall accuracy of staging/restaging in lesions. If we use Monte Carlo simulation, OLINDA/EXM software may improve further with widely used.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2022.121004
A. Diop, M. Diagne, N. Faye, M. Dieng
Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are indicators that allow assessing the quality of equipment and procedures from the point of view of the doses delivered to patients and subsequently initiate corrective actions if necessary. The purpose of this study is to encourage health professionals to investigate patient radiation doses and to determine whether those doses comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical fields so as to improve practices by reducing patient exposure without reducing clinical effectiveness. To perform this work, we have investigated patient doses for different radiological examinations from six (6) medical centers in Dakar, including the following nine routine types: chest (PA), abdomen (AP), pelvis (AP), cervical spine (AP), lumbar spine (AP, Lat), hip (AP), thoracic spine (AP, Lat). Three types of data were collected, i.e., X-ray tube machine data, patient data and output measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and the median, minimum, maximum, and third quartile values were calculated and displayed throughout boxplots graphs for all exams and medical centers. The two sigma range (95% confidence interval) was also checked. Comparison of third quartiles of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Dose Area Product (DAP) by type of examination with recommended international DRLs was performed. protection practices. The results show the need to develop protocols for dose measurement as well as to carry out quality assurance programs and dose optimization in Senegal.
{"title":"Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels in Conventional Radiography: A Pilot Study in Dakar, Senegal","authors":"A. Diop, M. Diagne, N. Faye, M. Dieng","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2022.121004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2022.121004","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are indicators that allow assessing the quality of equipment and procedures from the point of view of the doses delivered to patients and subsequently initiate corrective actions if necessary. The purpose of this study is to encourage health professionals to investigate patient radiation doses and to determine whether those doses comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical fields so as to improve practices by reducing patient exposure without reducing clinical effectiveness. To perform this work, we have investigated patient doses for different radiological examinations from six (6) medical centers in Dakar, including the following nine routine types: chest (PA), abdomen (AP), pelvis (AP), cervical spine (AP), lumbar spine (AP, Lat), hip (AP), thoracic spine (AP, Lat). Three types of data were collected, i.e., X-ray tube machine data, patient data and output measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and the median, minimum, maximum, and third quartile values were calculated and displayed throughout boxplots graphs for all exams and medical centers. The two sigma range (95% confidence interval) was also checked. Comparison of third quartiles of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Dose Area Product (DAP) by type of examination with recommended international DRLs was performed. protection practices. The results show the need to develop protocols for dose measurement as well as to carry out quality assurance programs and dose optimization in Senegal.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2022.123009
K. Hwang, Ilsu So, Hyukki Seo
{"title":"Cause Analysis for Wall Thinning of Small-Bore Piping in Nuclear Power Plant by ToSPACE, FLUENT and Theoretical Evaluation","authors":"K. Hwang, Ilsu So, Hyukki Seo","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2022.123009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2022.123009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70889945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2022.122007
Frederick Agyemang, S. Yamoah, S. K. Debrah
Effect of pseudocritical rapid energy dissipation (PRED) from Pressurizer in nuclear steam supply system of Pressurized Water Reactor, where a single event as common cause failure, of considerable reduction of base-load electricity demand causes the temperature of the reactor coolant system (RCS) to increase, and corresponding pressure increases in pressurizer and steam gene-rators above set-points. The study employed the uses of MATLAB/Simulink library tools, to experimentally modelled pressure control as PRED, where the momentum of transport of kinematic viscosity fraction above pseudocritical point dissipated as excess energy, to maintain the safety of the Pressurizer and RCS and keep the water from boiling. The result demonstrated the significance of pressure vector and Prandlt number as heat transfer coefficients that provided detailed activities in 2-D contour and 3-D graphics of specific internal energy and other parameterization of fluid in the pressurizer.
{"title":"Pseudocritical Rapid Energy Dissipation Analysis of Base-Load Electrical Demand Reduction on Nuclear Steam Supply System","authors":"Frederick Agyemang, S. Yamoah, S. K. Debrah","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2022.122007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2022.122007","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of pseudocritical rapid energy dissipation (PRED) from Pressurizer in nuclear steam supply system of Pressurized Water Reactor, where a single event as common cause failure, of considerable reduction of base-load electricity demand causes the temperature of the reactor coolant system (RCS) to increase, and corresponding pressure increases in pressurizer and steam gene-rators above set-points. The study employed the uses of MATLAB/Simulink library tools, to experimentally modelled pressure control as PRED, where the momentum of transport of kinematic viscosity fraction above pseudocritical point dissipated as excess energy, to maintain the safety of the Pressurizer and RCS and keep the water from boiling. The result demonstrated the significance of pressure vector and Prandlt number as heat transfer coefficients that provided detailed activities in 2-D contour and 3-D graphics of specific internal energy and other parameterization of fluid in the pressurizer.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2022.124010
Sadeem Abdulrahman Alsuhaibani, K. T. Osman
{"title":"The Systematics Study of (n, p) Reaction Cross-Sections at 14.7 MeV Neutron Energy","authors":"Sadeem Abdulrahman Alsuhaibani, K. T. Osman","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2022.124010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2022.124010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70889995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2022.121005
Olkalé Jean-Claude Brigui, T. Dali, K. Djagouri, B. L. Gogon, S. Penabei, A. A. Koua, G. A. Monnehan
Sand is an important natural material for the construction of houses, work buildings and other public spaces. This work, which is one of the first contributions to the environmental quality of construction materials, concerns the measurement of natural radioactivity in the lagoon sands collected in the district of Abidjan. Nineteen (19) samples of these sands are analyzed by gam-ma-ray spectrometry equipped with HPGe detector. The mean values obtained for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K are respectively 7.76 ± 1.84 Bq·kg −1 , 5.21 ± 1.36 Bq·kg −1 , and 217.31 ± 5.03 Bq·kg −1 . The estimated average value of radium equivalent (Raeq) is 31.94 Bq·kg −1 . The results show that the average values obtained are far lower than the global limits of 35, 30, and 400 Bq·kg −1 for the concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, respectively, and 370 Bq·kg −1 for the equivalent radium established by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Therefore, the use of the analyzed lagoon sand samples in the different construction sectors should not cause serious radiological effects on the populations living in the District of Abidjan. Our results provide new data on building materials radioactivity in Côte d’Ivoire and all over the World. They can also be used as a reference for future work.
{"title":"Measurement of Natural Radioactivity in Lagoon Sands Used in Construction in the District of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Olkalé Jean-Claude Brigui, T. Dali, K. Djagouri, B. L. Gogon, S. Penabei, A. A. Koua, G. A. Monnehan","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2022.121005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2022.121005","url":null,"abstract":"Sand is an important natural material for the construction of houses, work buildings and other public spaces. This work, which is one of the first contributions to the environmental quality of construction materials, concerns the measurement of natural radioactivity in the lagoon sands collected in the district of Abidjan. Nineteen (19) samples of these sands are analyzed by gam-ma-ray spectrometry equipped with HPGe detector. The mean values obtained for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K are respectively 7.76 ± 1.84 Bq·kg −1 , 5.21 ± 1.36 Bq·kg −1 , and 217.31 ± 5.03 Bq·kg −1 . The estimated average value of radium equivalent (Raeq) is 31.94 Bq·kg −1 . The results show that the average values obtained are far lower than the global limits of 35, 30, and 400 Bq·kg −1 for the concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, respectively, and 370 Bq·kg −1 for the equivalent radium established by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Therefore, the use of the analyzed lagoon sand samples in the different construction sectors should not cause serious radiological effects on the populations living in the District of Abidjan. Our results provide new data on building materials radioactivity in Côte d’Ivoire and all over the World. They can also be used as a reference for future work.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2022.121001
K. Hwang, Dong Jin Lee, Hun Yun, S. Yoo, Ji Hyeon Kim
Recently, damage caused by liquid droplet impingement erosion (LDIE) in addition to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) has frequently occurred in the secondary side steam piping of nuclear power plants, and the damage-occurring frequency is expected to increase as their operating years’ increase. In order to scrutinize its causes, therefore, an experimental study was conducted to understand how the behavior of LDIE-FAC multiple degradation changes when the piping of nuclear power plants is operated for a long time. Experimental results show that more magnetite was formed on the surface of the carbon steel specimen than on the low-alloy steel specimen, and that the rate of magnetite formation and extinction reached equilibrium due to the com-plex action of liquid droplet impingement erosion and flow-accelerated corrosion after a certain period of time. Furthermore, it was confirmed at the beginning of the experiment that A106 Gr.B specimen has more mass loss than A335 P22 specimen. After a certain period of time, however, the mass loss tends to be the opposite. This is presumed to have resulted from the magnetite formed on the surface playing a role in suppressing liquid droplet impingement erosion. In addition, it was confirmed that the amount of erosion linearly increases under the conditions in which the formation and extinction of magnetite reach equilibrium.
{"title":"Analysis of Material Loss Behavior According to Long-Term Experiments on LDIE-FAC Multiple Degradation of Carbon Steel Materials","authors":"K. Hwang, Dong Jin Lee, Hun Yun, S. Yoo, Ji Hyeon Kim","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2022.121001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2022.121001","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, damage caused by liquid droplet impingement erosion (LDIE) in addition to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) has frequently occurred in the secondary side steam piping of nuclear power plants, and the damage-occurring frequency is expected to increase as their operating years’ increase. In order to scrutinize its causes, therefore, an experimental study was conducted to understand how the behavior of LDIE-FAC multiple degradation changes when the piping of nuclear power plants is operated for a long time. Experimental results show that more magnetite was formed on the surface of the carbon steel specimen than on the low-alloy steel specimen, and that the rate of magnetite formation and extinction reached equilibrium due to the com-plex action of liquid droplet impingement erosion and flow-accelerated corrosion after a certain period of time. Furthermore, it was confirmed at the beginning of the experiment that A106 Gr.B specimen has more mass loss than A335 P22 specimen. After a certain period of time, however, the mass loss tends to be the opposite. This is presumed to have resulted from the magnetite formed on the surface playing a role in suppressing liquid droplet impingement erosion. In addition, it was confirmed that the amount of erosion linearly increases under the conditions in which the formation and extinction of magnetite reach equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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