Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2021.114011
L. O. Freire, D. A. Andrade
New research developments suggest that nuclear reactors using fusion may enter the market sooner than imagined even for mobile applications, like merchant ship propulsion and remote power generation. This article aims at pointing such developments and how they could affect nuclear fusion. The method is enumerating the main nuclear reactors concepts, identifying new technological or theoretical developments useful to nuclear field, and analysing how new recombination could affect feasibility of nuclear fusion. New technologies or experimental results do not always work the way people imagine, being better or worse for intended effects or even bringing completely unforeseen effects. Results point the following designs could be successful, in descending order of potential: aneutronic nuclear reactions using lattice confinement, aneutronic nuclear reactions using inertial along magnetic confinement, hybrid fission-lattice confinement fusion, and fission reactions.
{"title":"Novel Technological Developments with Impacts on Perspectives for Mobile Nuclear Power Plants","authors":"L. O. Freire, D. A. Andrade","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2021.114011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2021.114011","url":null,"abstract":"New research developments suggest that nuclear reactors using fusion may enter the market sooner than imagined even for mobile applications, like merchant ship propulsion and remote power generation. This article aims at pointing such developments and how they could affect nuclear fusion. The method is enumerating the main nuclear reactors concepts, identifying new technological or theoretical developments useful to nuclear field, and analysing how new recombination could affect feasibility of nuclear fusion. New technologies or experimental results do not always work the way people imagine, being better or worse for intended effects or even bringing completely unforeseen effects. Results point the following designs could be successful, in descending order of potential: aneutronic nuclear reactions using lattice confinement, aneutronic nuclear reactions using inertial along magnetic confinement, hybrid fission-lattice confinement fusion, and fission reactions.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70890188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.104015
Bashayer M. Al-Zahrani, H. Alqannas, Safia Hamidalddin
In this work, gamma-ray spectroscopy based on semiconductor hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector was used to evaluate the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (U-238 (Ra-226), Th-232 and K-40) and the fallout nuclide (Cs-137) for thirty samples of igneous and sedimentary rocks of Al-Atawilah (Al-Baha). The mean values of the activity concentrations of U-238 (Ra-226), Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 in the igneous samples are found as (11.0, 11.50, 1172.71, 1.47) Bq/Kg respectively. In the sedimentary rocks, the mean values of the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (U-238 (Ra-226), Th-232 and K-40) and the fallout nuclide (Cs-137) equal to (12.04, 13.18, 1131.36, 1.60) Bq/Kg respectively. The averages of radiological hazards (Raeq, Hex and Iγ) were calculated and found to be within the UNSCEAR permissible limit values (370 Bq/kg for Raeq, and 1 for Hex and Iγ), except for a slight increase of average value of Iγ in the igneous rock samples (1.36). The results indicate that the dose rate values depend on the kind of rocks (high in some igneous rock samples, and most of sedimentary rock samples have low dose rate). The activities of naturalnuclides were predicted and simulated in T time using a written MATLAB R2020a script based on the average activity concentrations and respective half-lives of U-238 and Th-232 series, and K-40, this is to evaluate the future effects of natural radionuclides on the population and estimate the human inputs in the future.
{"title":"Study and Simulated the Natural Radioactivity (NORM) U-238, Th-232 and K-40 of Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks of Al-Atawilah (Al-Baha) in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Bashayer M. Al-Zahrani, H. Alqannas, Safia Hamidalddin","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.104015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.104015","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, gamma-ray spectroscopy based on semiconductor hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector was used to evaluate the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (U-238 (Ra-226), Th-232 and K-40) and the fallout nuclide (Cs-137) for thirty samples of igneous and sedimentary rocks of Al-Atawilah (Al-Baha). The mean values of the activity concentrations of U-238 (Ra-226), Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 in the igneous samples are found as (11.0, 11.50, 1172.71, 1.47) Bq/Kg respectively. In the sedimentary rocks, the mean values of the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (U-238 (Ra-226), Th-232 and K-40) and the fallout nuclide (Cs-137) equal to (12.04, 13.18, 1131.36, 1.60) Bq/Kg respectively. The averages of radiological hazards (Raeq, Hex and Iγ) were calculated and found to be within the UNSCEAR permissible limit values (370 Bq/kg for Raeq, and 1 for Hex and Iγ), except for a slight increase of average value of Iγ in the igneous rock samples (1.36). The results indicate that the dose rate values depend on the kind of rocks (high in some igneous rock samples, and most of sedimentary rock samples have low dose rate). The activities of naturalnuclides were predicted and simulated in T time using a written MATLAB R2020a script based on the average activity concentrations and respective half-lives of U-238 and Th-232 series, and K-40, this is to evaluate the future effects of natural radionuclides on the population and estimate the human inputs in the future.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43915818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.104014
K. Hwang, Hun Yun, Hyukki Seo, E. Jung, J. Im, K. M. Kim, D. J. Kim
A number of piping components in the secondary system of nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been exposed to aging mechanisms such as FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion), cavitation, flashing, LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion), and SPE (Solid Particle Erosion). Those mechanisms may lead to thinning, leaking, or the rupture of components. Due to the pipe ruptures caused by wall thinning of Surry Unit 2 in 1986 and Mihama Unit 3 in 2004, pipe wall thinning management has emerged as one of the most important issues in the nuclear industry. To manage the wall thinning of pipes caused by FAC and erosion, KEPCO-E & C has developed ToSPACE program. It can predict both FAC & erosion phenomena, and also be utilized in the pipe wall thinning management works such as susceptibility analysis, UT (Ultrasonic Test) data evaluation as well as establishment of long-term inspection plan. Even though the ToSPACE can predict the five aging mechanisms mentioned above, only the FAC prediction result using ToSPACE was compared herein with the experimental result using FACTS (Flow Accelerated Corrosion Test System) to verify the ToSPACE’s capability. In addition, the FAC prediction result using ToSPACE was also compared with that of CHECWORKS that is widely used all over the world.
核电站二次系统中的许多管道部件已暴露于老化机制中，如FAC（流动加速腐蚀）、空化、闪蒸、LDIE（液滴冲击侵蚀）和SPE（固体颗粒侵蚀）。这些机制可能导致部件变薄、泄漏或破裂。由于1986年Surry第二单元和2004年Mihama第三单元的减壁导致管道破裂，管道减壁管理已成为核工业中最重要的问题之一。为了应对FAC和侵蚀导致的管道壁薄，KEPCO-E&C开发了ToSPACE程序。它可以预测FAC和侵蚀现象，也可以用于管道壁薄化管理工作，如敏感性分析、UT（超声波检测）数据评估以及制定长期检测计划。尽管ToSPACE可以预测上述五种老化机制，但本文仅将使用ToSPACE的FAC预测结果与使用FACTS（Flow Accelerated Corrosion Test System）的实验结果进行了比较，以验证ToSPACE。此外，还将ToSPACE的FAC预测结果与世界各地广泛使用的CHECWORKS的预测结果进行了比较。
{"title":"Comparison between FAC Analysis Result Using ToSPACE & CHECWORKS Programs and Experimental Result","authors":"K. Hwang, Hun Yun, Hyukki Seo, E. Jung, J. Im, K. M. Kim, D. J. Kim","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.104014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.104014","url":null,"abstract":"A number of piping components in the secondary system of nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been exposed to aging mechanisms such as FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion), cavitation, flashing, LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion), and SPE (Solid Particle Erosion). Those mechanisms may lead to thinning, leaking, or the rupture of components. Due to the pipe ruptures caused by wall thinning of Surry Unit 2 in 1986 and Mihama Unit 3 in 2004, pipe wall thinning management has emerged as one of the most important issues in the nuclear industry. To manage the wall thinning of pipes caused by FAC and erosion, KEPCO-E & C has developed ToSPACE program. It can predict both FAC & erosion phenomena, and also be utilized in the pipe wall thinning management works such as susceptibility analysis, UT (Ultrasonic Test) data evaluation as well as establishment of long-term inspection plan. Even though the ToSPACE can predict the five aging mechanisms mentioned above, only the FAC prediction result using ToSPACE was compared herein with the experimental result using FACTS (Flow Accelerated Corrosion Test System) to verify the ToSPACE’s capability. In addition, the FAC prediction result using ToSPACE was also compared with that of CHECWORKS that is widely used all over the world.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45486890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.104013
Nitendra Singh, A. Nayak, P. P. Kulkarni
Steam explosion is one of the crucial and poorly understood phenomena which may occur during severe accident scenario and may lead to containment failure. In spite of several experimental and analytical studies, the root cause of steam explosion has not been understood. Recent claims in the literature suggest that the presence of fine fragmentation during steam explosion causes its occurrence. In order to investigate this and understand the root cause of steam explosion, series of experiments were performed with 50 g to 2500 g of CaO-B2O3, a corium simulant in 4.5 litre of water. It was observed that steam explosion may occur even in the absence of fine fragments, which is contrary to the claims in the literature. To investigate further, conversion efficiency analysis was performed. This suggested that the amount of thermal energy converted to mechanical energy is more important deciding factor in explaining the occurrence of steam explosion. The present study discusses the importance of conversion efficiency in deciding steam explosion and also gives a new perspective to look at steam explosion phenomenology.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Fuel Coolant Interaction Using Simulant Ceramic Melts in Water: Insights and Conclusions","authors":"Nitendra Singh, A. Nayak, P. P. Kulkarni","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.104013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.104013","url":null,"abstract":"Steam explosion is one of the crucial and poorly understood phenomena which may occur during severe accident scenario and may lead to containment failure. In spite of several experimental and analytical studies, the root cause of steam explosion has not been understood. Recent claims in the literature suggest that the presence of fine fragmentation during steam explosion causes its occurrence. In order to investigate this and understand the root cause of steam explosion, series of experiments were performed with 50 g to 2500 g of CaO-B2O3, a corium simulant in 4.5 litre of water. It was observed that steam explosion may occur even in the absence of fine fragments, which is contrary to the claims in the literature. To investigate further, conversion efficiency analysis was performed. This suggested that the amount of thermal energy converted to mechanical energy is more important deciding factor in explaining the occurrence of steam explosion. The present study discusses the importance of conversion efficiency in deciding steam explosion and also gives a new perspective to look at steam explosion phenomenology.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46728543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.103012
T. Islam, Ruhol Amin, Md. Ashraful Alam, J. Islam
In this research work, the upward transition probabilities for the transition levels, 0+ → 2+, 2+ → 4+, 4+ → 6+ and 6+ → 8+ levels of even-even neutron rich 104-114Ru isotopes have been calculated by using the Global Best Fit (GBF) method. In addition, the associated parameters such as, Quadrupole moment and Deformation parameter of even-even 104-114Ru have been calculated. The dependency of these nuclear parameters shows the nuclear magic number tendency.
{"title":"Upward Transition Probabilities B(E2)↑ Properties Study of Even-Even 104-114Ru Nuclei","authors":"T. Islam, Ruhol Amin, Md. Ashraful Alam, J. Islam","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.103012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.103012","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, the upward transition probabilities for the transition levels, 0+ → 2+, 2+ → 4+, 4+ → 6+ and 6+ → 8+ levels of even-even neutron rich 104-114Ru isotopes have been calculated by using the Global Best Fit (GBF) method. In addition, the associated parameters such as, Quadrupole moment and Deformation parameter of even-even 104-114Ru have been calculated. The dependency of these nuclear parameters shows the nuclear magic number tendency.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.103011
A. Gulevich, V. Eliseev, O. Komlev, I. Tormyshev, G. Toshinsky
One of the postponed problems of nuclear power (NP) is the problem of the management of long-lived radioactive waste (RAW), and, first of all, with minor actinides (MA), of which americium-241 is the most difficult. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of americium transmutation in a fast reactor with a heavy liquid metal coolant lead-bismuth eutectic alloy. The article presents the results of calculations of the transmutation of americium in the SVBR-100 reactor using standard uranium oxide fuel with the addition of americium-241. The obtained values of the rate of transmutation of americium are compared with similar values for the SVBR-100 reactors on MOX-fuel and in the BN-800 reactor.
{"title":"Americium Transmutation in the SVBR-100 Reactor","authors":"A. Gulevich, V. Eliseev, O. Komlev, I. Tormyshev, G. Toshinsky","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.103011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.103011","url":null,"abstract":"One of the postponed problems of nuclear power (NP) is the problem of the management of long-lived radioactive waste (RAW), and, first of all, with minor actinides (MA), of which americium-241 is the most difficult. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of americium transmutation in a fast reactor with a heavy liquid metal coolant lead-bismuth eutectic alloy. The article presents the results of calculations of the transmutation of americium in the SVBR-100 reactor using standard uranium oxide fuel with the addition of americium-241. The obtained values of the rate of transmutation of americium are compared with similar values for the SVBR-100 reactors on MOX-fuel and in the BN-800 reactor.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47723297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.103010
W. Kröger, D. Sornette, Ali Ayoub
Future electricity systems are challenged by deep decarbonization and concurrently increasing demand and there are growing concerns that renewables cannot shoulder this alone. Starting from the proven principle of diversity, we argue for keeping the nuclear option open or even for expanding its use. However, the perspectives are dim for the current technology as safety concerns and social aversion remain as fundamental problems. While looking for future revolutionary safe and more sustainable nuclear concepts we first review the main characteristics of civil nuclear energy, as well as its safety records and technical progress. We then list the key requirements for innovative nuclear systems designs which are less dependent on active safety systems and human performance as well as social stability. This allows us to provide a concept by concept comparison and assessment of existing and novel technologies and designs including different coolants and neutron spectra. The results indicate a high potential for far-reaching improvements compared to most advanced LWRs, although none of the candidate concepts meets all requirements convincingly, yet, helium cooled, small modular reactors (HTR-PM) come closest. We end by stressing the need for future research and development, and keeping human capital and know-how in nuclear energy; we call for an urgent increase in government and international RD&D funding by the order of a few hundreds of billions of USD per year, which will likely lead to breakthroughs that will restart productivity growth in severely affected stagnating modern economies.
{"title":"Towards Safer and More Sustainable Ways for Exploiting Nuclear Power","authors":"W. Kröger, D. Sornette, Ali Ayoub","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.103010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.103010","url":null,"abstract":"Future electricity systems are challenged by deep decarbonization and concurrently increasing demand and there are growing concerns that renewables cannot shoulder this alone. Starting from the proven principle of diversity, we argue for keeping the nuclear option open or even for expanding its use. However, the perspectives are dim for the current technology as safety concerns and social aversion remain as fundamental problems. While looking for future revolutionary safe and more sustainable nuclear concepts we first review the main characteristics of civil nuclear energy, as well as its safety records and technical progress. We then list the key requirements for innovative nuclear systems designs which are less dependent on active safety systems and human performance as well as social stability. This allows us to provide a concept by concept comparison and assessment of existing and novel technologies and designs including different coolants and neutron spectra. The results indicate a high potential for far-reaching improvements compared to most advanced LWRs, although none of the candidate concepts meets all requirements convincingly, yet, helium cooled, small modular reactors (HTR-PM) come closest. We end by stressing the need for future research and development, and keeping human capital and know-how in nuclear energy; we call for an urgent increase in government and international RD&D funding by the order of a few hundreds of billions of USD per year, which will likely lead to breakthroughs that will restart productivity growth in severely affected stagnating modern economies.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47400033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.101005
M. Belloni, T. N. Conti
Every nuclear power reactor, whether of fusion or fission, is essentially a thermal system that generates electricity. In this sense, there are several problems in relation to this heat transport. The model of plasma confinement by magnetic force, in the nuclear fusion (sterellator and tokamak), has only been 20 years and recently some success in the quality of the generated plasma has been achieved. However, due to the large amount of energy coming from the plasma, the choice of the material that will carry the generated energy is quite troublesome, due to the need to handle a very high temperature for the nuclear fission standards. Solutions are explored by the scientific community to transport the energy generated in the case of the primary circuit, after exceeding breakeven temperature and models that are based on the fission reactors of the fourth generation and those currently in operation, to search for solutions regarding the transport of heat generated for the generation of electric energy. Several materials such as pressurized water, sodium, helium and boron have been considered and studied to form the primary heat transfer circuit for the exchanger. A thorough analysis of these materials is necessary. This research looked at some of these materials for heat transport and power generation. Lithium and helium were found to be the probable materials for conveying heat and cooling in the blanket. The results show that research on blanket materials needs more attention. The quality of these materials needs to be improved by material research, with the ODS EUROFER alloy and other research to reduce material erosion by helium nano bubbles. Plasma quality needs to be improved to keep constant and free of impurities when using lithium in liquid form.
{"title":"Analysis of Materials for Heat Transport in Tokamaks","authors":"M. Belloni, T. N. Conti","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.101005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.101005","url":null,"abstract":"Every nuclear power reactor, whether of fusion or fission, is essentially a thermal system that generates electricity. In this sense, there are several problems in relation to this heat transport. The model of plasma confinement by magnetic force, in the nuclear fusion (sterellator and tokamak), has only been 20 years and recently some success in the quality of the generated plasma has been achieved. However, due to the large amount of energy coming from the plasma, the choice of the material that will carry the generated energy is quite troublesome, due to the need to handle a very high temperature for the nuclear fission standards. Solutions are explored by the scientific community to transport the energy generated in the case of the primary circuit, after exceeding breakeven temperature and models that are based on the fission reactors of the fourth generation and those currently in operation, to search for solutions regarding the transport of heat generated for the generation of electric energy. Several materials such as pressurized water, sodium, helium and boron have been considered and studied to form the primary heat transfer circuit for the exchanger. A thorough analysis of these materials is necessary. This research looked at some of these materials for heat transport and power generation. Lithium and helium were found to be the probable materials for conveying heat and cooling in the blanket. The results show that research on blanket materials needs more attention. The quality of these materials needs to be improved by material research, with the ODS EUROFER alloy and other research to reduce material erosion by helium nano bubbles. Plasma quality needs to be improved to keep constant and free of impurities when using lithium in liquid form.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49340048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.102008
I. Hossain, H. H. Kassim, M. Al-Jubbori, F. I. Sharrad, S. Mansour
In this paper, Ruthenium Isotopes with neutron N = 60, 62 have been studied the ground state bands using Matlab computer code interacting boson model (IBM-1). We apply IBM-1 formula for O(6) symmetry in Ru isotopes with neutron N = 60, 62. The theoretical energy levels up to spin-parity 12+ have been obtained for 104,106Ru isotopes. The yrast states, gamma band, beta band, and B(E2) values are calculated for those nuclei. The experimental and calculated R4/2 values indicate that the even-even 104-106Ru isotopes have O(6) dynamic symmetry. The calculated results are compared to the experimental data and are found in good harmony with each other. The plots of the potential energy surface of both nuclei are O(6) characters.
{"title":"Ground States Structure of Ruthenium Isotopes with Neutron N = 60, 62","authors":"I. Hossain, H. H. Kassim, M. Al-Jubbori, F. I. Sharrad, S. Mansour","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.102008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.102008","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, Ruthenium Isotopes with neutron N = 60, 62 have been studied the ground state bands using Matlab computer code interacting boson model (IBM-1). We apply IBM-1 formula for O(6) symmetry in Ru isotopes with neutron N = 60, 62. The theoretical energy levels up to spin-parity 12+ have been obtained for 104,106Ru isotopes. The yrast states, gamma band, beta band, and B(E2) values are calculated for those nuclei. The experimental and calculated R4/2 values indicate that the even-even 104-106Ru isotopes have O(6) dynamic symmetry. The calculated results are compared to the experimental data and are found in good harmony with each other. The plots of the potential energy surface of both nuclei are O(6) characters.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43654253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2020.102009
F. Menegus
The present study supports the provocative idea that the nucleus directs the atom’s electronic structure. With the progress of the atomic number the Atomic Molar Volume evolution of the chemical elements obeys the atom’s electronic structure rules, fitting at the same time the concomitant specular evolution of the Neutron Excess addition to the nuclei. Details such as the Atomic Molar Volume contraction of the d blocks transition metals or of the Eu and Yb atomic volume anomaly of the lanthanoid metals respond to the nuclear in addition to the atom’s electronic structure. Atom’s nuclei are synthetized in the star interior and capture the electrons only after migration to the star’s periphery, to become stable atoms: nuclei are prior to atoms. Nuclear structure elements, like the 50 and 82 neutron and proton magic numbers, are geared to the noble gases, the central elements of the electronic structure.
{"title":"Nucleus Directs the Electronic Structure of the Atom","authors":"F. Menegus","doi":"10.4236/wjnst.2020.102009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.102009","url":null,"abstract":"The present study supports the provocative idea that the nucleus directs the atom’s electronic structure. With the progress of the atomic number the Atomic Molar Volume evolution of the chemical elements obeys the atom’s electronic structure rules, fitting at the same time the concomitant specular evolution of the Neutron Excess addition to the nuclei. Details such as the Atomic Molar Volume contraction of the d blocks transition metals or of the Eu and Yb atomic volume anomaly of the lanthanoid metals respond to the nuclear in addition to the atom’s electronic structure. Atom’s nuclei are synthetized in the star interior and capture the electrons only after migration to the star’s periphery, to become stable atoms: nuclei are prior to atoms. Nuclear structure elements, like the 50 and 82 neutron and proton magic numbers, are geared to the noble gases, the central elements of the electronic structure.","PeriodicalId":61566,"journal":{"name":"核科学与技术国际期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46909228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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